CN109443916A - The research method of metal bath Free Surface process of setting information - Google Patents
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
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- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material
- G01N23/225—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material using electron or ion
- G01N23/2251—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by measuring secondary emission from the material using electron or ion using incident electron beams, e.g. scanning electron microscopy [SEM]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
- G01N2203/0017—Tensile
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0062—Crack or flaws
- G01N2203/0066—Propagation of crack
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/006—Crack, flaws, fracture or rupture
- G01N2203/0067—Fracture or rupture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
- G01N2203/0641—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means using optical, X-ray, ultraviolet, infrared or similar detectors
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the research methods of metal bath Free Surface process of setting information, by carrying out size design to metal material plate tensile sample, point-like laser remelting, quickly breaking and fracture observation of steps, realize the observational study to metal bath Free Surface solidified structure, it is one practicable Research approach of liquid metal free surface solidification behavior, new method and new knowledge can be provided for metal freezing fundamental research.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of research methods of metal bath Free Surface process of setting information.
Background technique
The solidification of liquid free surface is a kind of generally existing natural phenomena (such as water surface icing), the surface of liquid metal
Solidification phenomenon is found in the solidification technologies such as casting, welding, directional solidification, laser surface modification, therefore metal bath Free Surface
The solidification behavior in face is an important Basic Science Problem in metal freezing theory.Certain positioned at liquid metal free surface is thin
The curing condition of layer metal bath is different from the three-dimensional crystals space in traditional solidification theory inside melt, initial crystallization
Journey is to carry out in two-dimensional surface, and will receive material composition, surface radiating (melt radiation and gas heat loss through convection), melt
Convection current, surface tension, atmosphere, added material (powder, silk material etc.) and surface are mingled with the influence of equal factors, lead to surface
Solidified structure is multifarious, regular difficulty is sought, and lacks always about the research of liquid metal free surface solidification behavior for a long time
Feasible breach.
Alloy by Laser Surface Remelting technology (laser surface remelting, LSR) carries out under the protection of stringent argon gas, can
Effectively to avoid weld pool surface oxide/nitride, material finish after laser remolten is high, is not required to post-processing, can be straight
Connect observation；Alloy by Laser Surface Remelting molten bath solidification behavior is the laser processing such as laser gain material manufacture, laser welding, laser surface modification
Shared one of the process of technology, representative and generality, therefore the technology can be used as a kind of research molten bath Free Surface
The laboratory facilities of solidification behavior.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is in order to solve the above problem at least one, the present invention provides a kind of metal bath Free Surface
The research method of process of setting information.
The research method of metal bath Free Surface process of setting information, comprising the following steps:
S1: the tensile sample of specific thicknesses is designed.
S2: under the conditions of specific oxygen content, point-like laser surface weight is carried out in the central part of the gauge length section of tensile sample
It is molten, and natural cooling, so that there is fire check in gauge length section.
S3: main extension discovery is selected with the consistent fire check of width direction of tensile sample as observation object, records it
Position.
S4: the length direction along tensile sample is stretched using specified pull forces, so that tensile sample is broken and fire check becomes
The section start of fracture position.
S5: it to crystal form observation is carried out at the selected fire check for tensile sample of having no progeny, is observed according to crystal form and infers metal bath
The process of setting information of Free Surface.
Wherein, according to pressure calculation formula σ=F/SArea, according to previous experiments as a result, obtaining specified pull forces, specific thicknesses
With the empirical equation of gauge length section width are as follows:
Wherein, h is specific thicknesses, and unit mm, F are specified pull forces, and unit N, S are gauge length section width, unit mm,
σ is the tensile strength of studied material, and unit Pa, k are to introduce strength reduction factor, and value range is 0.75~0.9 (by testing
As a result it summarizes and obtains).The thickness range of different metal material plate type tensile specimen can be quickly calculated in formula accordingly, pass through letter
Single confirmatory experiment can determine sample final size.
Wherein, early-stage study the result shows that, the laser irradiation energy of reflow process and the contour dimension of plate type tensile specimen
There are linear relationships, have obtained the empirical equation of the irradiation energy (Pt) of point-like laser surface remelting are as follows:
Pt=λ LKh
Wherein, P is laser power, and t is the laser irradiation time, and L is the length of tensile sample, and unit mm, K are to stretch examination
The width of sample, the specific thicknesses of unit mm, h tensile sample, unit mm, λ are energy conversion coefficient, value is 0.7~
1.0J/mm3(being obtained by experimental result summary).Different metal material point-like laser remelting can be quickly calculated in formula accordingly
Irradiation energy can be obtained corresponding remelting processing parameter P and t by simple preliminary experiment.
Wherein, specific oxygen content condition is that oxygen content is lower than 50ppm or less.
Wherein, further include the steps that clearing up tensile sample between step S1 and step S2, manner of cleaning up successively wraps
Washing, acetone ultrasonic cleaning, deionized water ultrasound, drying, drying basin preservation step are included, wherein the drying basin holding time is less than 48
Hour.
Wherein, the process of setting information of metal bath Free Surface includes the unstability situation of solid liquid interface, determines that part dissipates
Hot direction, setting rate, solidify latter stage liquid film distribution and fire check formation mechenism.
Wherein, the relationship of specified pull forces, specific thicknesses and gauge length section width is h=F/sk σ；
Wherein, during Alloy by Laser Surface Remelting, the relationship of laser power P and laser irradiation time t are Pt=λ L
K·h。
The present invention by metal material plate tensile sample carry out size design, point-like laser remelting, quickly break and
Fracture observation, may be implemented the observational study to metal bath Free Surface solidified structure, be liquid metal free surface solidification
One practicable Research approach of behavior can provide new method and new knowledge for metal freezing fundamental research.
Detailed description of the invention
By reading the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment, various other advantages and benefits are common for this field
Technical staff will become clear.The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating a preferred embodiment, and is not considered as to the present invention
Limitation.And throughout the drawings, the same reference numbers will be used to refer to the same parts.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows the research method of the metal bath Free Surface process of setting information of embodiment according to the present invention
Process schematic；
Fig. 2 shows the schematic diagrames of the plate type tensile specimen of embodiment according to the present invention；
Fig. 3 shows the tensile sample reflow zone shape that can be used for surface solidification structure observation of embodiment according to the present invention
Looks.
Specific embodiment
The illustrative embodiments of the disclosure are more fully described below with reference to accompanying drawings.Although showing this public affairs in attached drawing
The illustrative embodiments opened, it being understood, however, that may be realized in various forms the disclosure without the reality that should be illustrated here
The mode of applying is limited.It is to be able to thoroughly understand the disclosure on the contrary, providing these embodiments, and can be by this public affairs
The range opened is fully disclosed to those skilled in the art.
Central idea of the invention is, using the dedicated plate type tensile specimen of metal material as research object, to tensile sample table
Face carries out point-like laser remelting, by fire check meeting of the tensile sample when quickly breaking on universal testing machine in the shrinkage cavity of reflow zone
It extends rapidly and causes to be broken, at the fire check of tensile sample fracture surface, be able to observe that since liquid phase feeding deficiency is protected
Born of the same parents' crystalline substance, dendrite for staying etc. are able to reflect the tissue of process of setting information, by studying reflow zone surface layer fire check solidification group
The morphological feature knitted can go out the process of setting of metal bath Free Surface with rapid inference.
Below by by way of specific embodiment, the solution of the present invention is described further.
The research method of 1 melts of titanium alloy Free Surface solidified structure of embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, this method mainly includes the following steps that, design tensile sample (a)；Point-like laser surface remelting (b)；
Sample quickly breaks (c)；Four part of fracture fire check structure observation (d), specific research step are as follows:
Design tensile sample.High power laser, the omnipotent mechanics machine, scanning electron microscope used according to research
Routine it is parameter-embedded, design as shown in Figure 2 dedicated for the plate type tensile specimen size of surface solidification structure observation.Sample
The polished processing in surface, sample thickness h's determines according to the following formula: h=F/sk σ.
Wherein, F is universal testing machine drawing force (unit N), and S is sample marking distance section thickness (Fig. 2 sample is 12mm), and σ is
The tensile strength (unit Pa) of studied material.Due to the presence of fire check in reflow zone, sample tensile strength can be declined,
Introduce strength reduction factor k, about 0.9.Illustrate by taking Fig. 1 as an example, universal testing machine drawing force is 40kN, and the titanium alloy of selection is anti-
Tensile strength is 1100Mpa, then h=40 × 103/(12×10-3×0.9×1100×106)=3.36 (mm).
It should be noted that it is poor for weldabilities such as wrought superalloy, wrought aluminium alloys, be warmly inclined to high metal material
Material, strength reduction factor are chosen as 0.75~0.9.
Tensile sample surface to remelting need to carry out cleaning treatment.Cleaning way are as follows: washing removes obvious dirty → acetone
Ultrasonic cleaning removal grease stain → deionized water ultrasonic cleaning → hair dryer drying → drying basin saves.When Storage of sample after cleaning
Between no more than 48h, otherwise need to re-start cleaning.
Point-like laser surface remelting.To avoid oxygen, nitrogen, the influence for the extraneous factors such as being mingled with, Alloy by Laser Surface Remelting is real
Testing need to carry out in cleaning, drying, closed and control box equipped with argon atmosphere.Tensile sample after cleaning is fixed on
In control box, if there is multiple samples, it separated need to prevent from intersecting heat affecting.When control box oxygen content is reduced to 50ppm or less
When, point-like laser remelting, i.e. fixed laser beam position are carried out to tensile test specimen scale distance section center (can slightly have deviation), only adjusted
Section laser power P (unit W) and irradiation time t (unit s) determines parameter with reference to following formula:
Pt=λ V ', V '=LKh
Wherein, V ' is tensile sample reference volume (unit mm3), L is tensile sample maximum length, and K is that sample is maximum wide
Degree, h are sample thickness (specimen size V '=83 × 30 × h=2490h of Fig. 2).λ is energy conversion coefficient, real by exploring
It tests and obtains, it is about 0.7~0.75J/mm in the case where general alloy3.Illustrate by taking Fig. 1 as an example, h=3.36mm, Pt=
(0.7~0.75) × 2490 × 3.36=5856~6275 (J), therefore the laser power that can choose-irradiation time parameter are as follows:
The combination such as 3000W-2s, 2000W-3s, 2500W-2.5s, 1500W-4s.The parameter combination of actual selection should regard laser apparatus
Depending on state, being typically chosen integer is advisable.It should be noted that low for the laser energy absorptions rate such as aluminium alloy, copper alloy
Metal material, energy conversion coefficient λ can be adjusted to 0.75~1.0.
Plate type tensile specimen after point-like laser surface remelting is cooling under atmosphere protection in control box, should then be filled
Enter in drying basin and saves.
Sample is quickly broken.Before carrying out stretch break operation, SEM observation, selection " heat first should be carried out to remelting tensile sample
The main propagation direction of crackle and draw direction are close to vertical " sample, and take pictures and keep records of position, as shown in Fig. 3 (b).So
Plate type tensile specimen is broken on omnipotent mechanical test part afterwards, is clamped sample by hydraulic clamping end, selects range ability
Interior biggish drawing force (Fig. 1 40kN), is broken using manually controlling, it is not necessary to which record stretches information.Sample was stretching
Cheng Zhong, fire check will become the initial position of fracture, thus the surface of fire check appears in the part of stretching fracture, such as Fig. 3
(c) shown in, the dendrite surface of the position is smooth and without plastic deformation feature, illustrates that the fire check is to solidify latter stage shape in molten bath
At, and do not receive the influence of tensile sample ductile fracture.
Fracture fire check structure observation.Born of the same parents are brilliant, dendrite is the most common crystal form of liquid metal, are able to reflect and solidify
Journey information.Tensile sample fracture is placed under SEM, ignores other fracture patterns, fire check is found in fractured edge, to therein
Born of the same parents are brilliant, dendrite morphology is observed, and may determine that the unstability situation of solid liquid interface by born of the same parents' crystalline substance → number dendrite conversion, pass through born of the same parents
Crystalline substance/dendritic growth direction can determine local heat dissipation direction, by born of the same parents' crystalline substance/interdendritic away from that can speculate setting rate, pass through born of the same parents
Crystalline substance/dendrite viscous yielding pattern can speculate distribution and formation mechenism of fire check of solidification latter stage liquid film, etc..
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto,
In the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by anyone skilled in the art,
It should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be with the protection model of the claim
Subject to enclosing.
Claims (6)
1. the research method of metal bath Free Surface process of setting information, which comprises the following steps:
S1: the tensile sample of specific thicknesses is designed；
S2: under the conditions of specific oxygen content, carrying out point-like laser surface remelting in the central part of the gauge length section of tensile sample, and
Natural cooling, so that there is fire check in gauge length section；
S3: main extension discovery is selected with the consistent fire check of width direction of tensile sample as observation area, records its position；
S4: the length direction along tensile sample is stretched using specified pull forces, so that tensile sample is broken and fire check becomes fracture
The section start of position；
S5: it to crystal form observation is carried out at the selected fire check for tensile sample of having no progeny, is observed according to crystal form and infers that metal bath is free
The process of setting information on surface.
2. research method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the pass of specified pull forces, specific thicknesses and gauge length section width
System are as follows:
Wherein, h is specific thicknesses, and unit mm, F are specified pull forces, and unit N, S are gauge length section width, and unit mm, σ are
The tensile strength of studied material, unit Pa, k are to introduce strength reduction factor, and value range is 0.75~0.9.
3. research method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the laser power P and laser of point-like laser surface remelting
The relationship of irradiation time t are as follows:
Pt=λ LKh
Wherein, L is the length of tensile sample, and unit mm, K are the width of tensile sample, the spy of unit mm, h tensile sample
Determine thickness, unit mm, λ are energy conversion coefficient, and value is 0.7~1.0J/mm3。
4. research method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
Specific oxygen content condition is that oxygen content is lower than 50ppm or less.
5. research method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
Further include the steps that clearing up tensile sample between step S1 and step S2, manner of cleaning up successively includes washing, third
Ketone ultrasonic cleaning, deionized water ultrasound, drying, drying basin save step, and wherein the drying basin holding time was less than 48 hours.
6. research method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
The process of setting information of metal bath Free Surface includes the unstability situation of solid liquid interface, determines local heat dissipation direction, is solidifying
Gu the formation mechenism of speed, the distribution for solidifying latter stage liquid film and fire check.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN110188420A (en) * | 2019-05-15 | 2019-08-30 | 华中科技大学 | A kind of thermal cracks extension prediction technique based on numerical simulation |
| CN111693563A (en) * | 2020-05-08 | 2020-09-22 | 新兴际华集团有限公司 | Method for analyzing structure and performance of iron-based remelted layer |
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