CN109440020B - A kind of two phase stainless steel and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
A kind of two phase stainless steel and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109440020B CN109440020B CN201811610131.6A CN201811610131A CN109440020B CN 109440020 B CN109440020 B CN 109440020B CN 201811610131 A CN201811610131 A CN 201811610131A CN 109440020 B CN109440020 B CN 109440020B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/004—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr and Ni
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
- C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/001—Austenite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of two phase stainless steels and preparation method thereof, belong to technical field of metal material.The chemical component of two phase stainless steel of the present invention includes: the Fe of 16~18wt.% of Cr, 1~2wt.% of Mo, 5~10wt.% of Ni, C≤0.03wt.%, Mn≤1.5wt.%, P≤0.035wt.%, S≤0.01wt.%, Si≤0.5wt.%, O≤0.006wt.% and surplus.The present invention makes ferrite and the austenite two-phase in two phase stainless steel maintain a good equilibrium state by controlling the content of each ingredient, makes the intensity of two phase stainless steel and toughness while being improved.The present invention prepares two phase stainless steel using isostatic cool pressing-sintering process, and not only simple process, process are short, and the even tissue of the two phase stainless steel prepared, and relative density is greater than 98%, has excellent mechanical property.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of metal material more particularly to a kind of two phase stainless steel and preparation method thereof.
Background technique
Stainless steel all develops towards long-life, high reliability direction in many industrial applications at present, and intensity is as stainless
The basis of steel part life and reliability, is also increasingly taken seriously.
Tensile strength is usually higher than 800MPa, stainless steel of the yield strength higher than 500MPa is known as high-strength stainless steel.
According to GB/T 14976-2012 standard, the tensile strength of 316L austenitic stainless steel is not less than 480MPa, and yield strength is not less than
175MPa, the tensile strength of 430 ferritic stainless steels are not less than 415MPa, and yield strength is not less than 240MPa, and therefore, 316L is difficult to understand
Family name's body stainless steel and the 430 ferrite stainless steel capital cannot be referred to as high-strength stainless steel.Two phase stainless steel is because of its chemical component and shows
Micro-assembly robot balance, and there is excellent mechanical performance, it is properly termed as high-strength stainless steel, two phase stainless steel is in petroleum at present
Work, marine field etc. are used widely.But as application conditions are more and more harsher, the mechanical property of two phase stainless steel still has
Wait further increase.
In addition, the preparation of two phase stainless steel at present mainly utilizes argon oxygen decarburizing furnace (AOD furnace) smelting mutually to tie with continuous casting technology
The method of conjunction.AOD furnace smelting is combined with continuous casting technology with the device is complicated, technology controlling and process is difficult, structural homogenity is poor, production
The disadvantages of at high cost.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of two phase stainless steel and preparation method thereof, two phase stainless steel provided by the invention
With excellent mechanical property；In addition, preparation method simple process provided by the invention, process are short, the two phase stainless steel of preparation
Even tissue.
In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention the following technical schemes are provided:
The present invention provides a kind of two phase stainless steel, the chemical component of the two phase stainless steel include: Cr 16~
1~2wt.% of 18wt.%, Mo, 5~10wt.% of Ni, C≤0.03wt.%, Mn≤1.5wt.%, P≤0.035wt.%, S
The Fe of≤0.01wt.%, Si≤0.5wt.%, O≤0.006wt.% and surplus.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of two phase stainless steel described in above-mentioned technical proposal, comprising the following steps:
The metal powder material of two-phase stainless steel chemical composition described in corresponding above-mentioned technical proposal is mixed, mixed powder is obtained
Material；
The mixed powder is subjected to cold isostatic compaction, obtains stainless steel green compact；
The stainless steel green compact is sintered, sintered blank is obtained；
The sintered blank is subjected to solution treatment, obtains two phase stainless steel.
Preferably, the pressure of the cold isostatic compaction is 100~300MPa, and the time of the cold isostatic compaction is 10
~200s.
Preferably, the temperature of the sintering is 1200~1350 DEG C, and the time of the sintering is 30~150min.
Preferably, from room temperature to sintering temperature, the rate of the heating is 5~15 DEG C/min for the sintering.
Preferably, described to be sintered to vacuum-sintering.
Preferably, the vacuum degree of the vacuum-sintering is lower than 8 × 10-4Pa。
Preferably, the temperature of the solution treatment is 1150~1300 DEG C, the soaking time of the solution treatment is 30~
150min。
Preferably, the type of cooling of the solution treatment is water cooling.
Preferably, the partial size of the metal powder material is 5~25 μm.
The present invention provides a kind of two phase stainless steel, the chemical component of the two phase stainless steel include: Cr 16~
1~2wt.% of 18wt.%, Mo, 5~10wt.% of Ni, C≤0.03wt.%, Mn≤1.5wt.%, P≤0.035wt.%, S
The Fe of≤0.01wt.%, Si≤0.5wt.%, O≤0.006wt.% and surplus.The present invention passes through the content for controlling each ingredient,
The especially content of Cr, Mo, Ni and Fe, make ferrite and the austenite two-phase in two phase stainless steel maintain one it is good flat
Weighing apparatus state makes the intensity of two phase stainless steel and toughness while being improved.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of two phase stainless steel described in above-mentioned technical proposal, the present invention is using cold etc. quiet
Pressure-sintering process prepares two phase stainless steel, and not only simple process, process are short, and the even tissue of the two phase stainless steel prepared,
Relative density is greater than 98%, has excellent mechanical property.
Embodiment the result shows that, two phase stainless steel tensile strength R produced by the present inventionm>=800MPa, yield strength Rp0.2
>=700MPa, elongation A >=15%, contraction percentage of area Z >=25%, Rockwell hardness >=30HRC, comprehensive mechanical property can be more than
The level of 316L stainless steel and 430 stainless steels.
In addition, isostatic cool pressing-sintering process of the invention also has the characteristics that near-net-shape, after part forming, it is only necessary to few
Amount processing is not reprocessed, so that it may be used as mechanical component, the utilization rate of material is greater than 95%.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the XRD diagram of two phase stainless steel made from embodiment 1；
Fig. 2 is the metallographic structure photo of two phase stainless steel made from embodiment 1；
Fig. 3 is the stress-strain curve diagram of two phase stainless steel made from Examples 1 and 2.
Specific embodiment
The present invention provides a kind of two phase stainless steel, the chemical component of the two phase stainless steel include: Cr 16~
1~2wt.% of 18wt.%, Mo, 5~10wt.% of Ni, C≤0.03wt.%, Mn≤1.5wt.%, P≤0.035wt.%, S
The Fe of≤0.01wt.%, Si≤0.5wt.%, O≤0.006wt.% and surplus.
In the present invention, the chemical component of the two phase stainless steel preferably include 17~17.5wt.% of Cr, Mo 1~
7~8wt.% of 1.7wt.%, Ni, C≤0.03wt.%, Mn≤1.5wt.%, P≤0.035wt.%, S≤0.01wt.%, Si
The Fe of≤0.5wt.%, O≤0.006wt.% and surplus.In the present invention, described Si, Mn, S, P, C, O are impurity element,
The lower its content the better.
The present invention especially regulates and controls the content of Cr, Mo, Ni and Fe simultaneously, makes two-phase not by the content of each ingredient of control
Ferrite and austenite two-phase in rust steel maintain a good equilibrium state, keep the intensity of two phase stainless steel and toughness same
When be improved, tensile strength RmUp to 826~1034MPa, yield strength Rp0.2Up to 730~990MPa, elongation A are reachable
15.5~39.5%, contraction percentage of area Z is up to 25.2~39.5%.
The present invention also provides the preparation methods of two phase stainless steel described in above-mentioned technical proposal, comprising the following steps:
The metal powder material of two-phase stainless steel chemical composition described in corresponding above-mentioned technical proposal is mixed, mixed powder is obtained
Material；
The mixed powder is subjected to cold isostatic compaction, obtains stainless steel green compact；
The stainless steel green compact is sintered, sintered blank is obtained；
The sintered blank is subjected to solution treatment, obtains two phase stainless steel.
The present invention mixes the metal powder material of two-phase stainless steel chemical composition described in corresponding above-mentioned technical proposal, obtains
Mixed powder.
In the present invention, the partial size of the metal powder material is preferably 5~25 μm, and further preferably 8~20 μm.The present invention
There is no particular/special requirement to the source of the metal powder material, using the metal powder material in source known to those skilled in the art.This
Invention does not have particular/special requirement to the mixed mode, using hybrid mode well known to those skilled in the art.In this hair
In bright, the mixing is preferably stirred, and the rate being stirred is preferably 20~30r/min, described to be stirred
Time be preferably 30~90min.Si, Mn, S, P, C and O in two phase stainless steel described in above-mentioned technical proposal of the present invention etc. are miscellaneous
Prime element is the inevitable impurity that metal powder carries.
After obtaining mixed powder, the mixed powder is carried out cold isostatic compaction by the present invention, obtains stainless steel green compact.
In the present invention, the pressure of the cold isostatic compaction is preferably 100~300MPa, further preferably 150~
250MPa；The time of the cold isostatic compaction is preferably 10~200s, further preferably 50~150s.It is of the present invention cold
The pressure of isostatic pressing refers to dwell pressure, and the time of cold isostatic compaction refers to the dwell time.In the present invention, institute
The length for stating stainless steel green compact is preferably 100~150mm, further preferably 120~140mm；The width of the stainless steel green compact
Degree and thickness are independently preferably 10~15mm, further preferably 12~13mm.
After obtaining stainless steel green compact, the stainless steel green compact is sintered by the present invention, obtains sintered blank.
In the present invention, the temperature of the sintering is preferably 1200~1350 DEG C, and further preferably 1300~1350 DEG C,
More preferably 1325~1350 DEG C；The time of the sintering is preferably 30~150min, further preferably 60~120min.This
It invents the sintering temperature and refers to holding temperature in sintering process, the sintering time refers to the heat preservation in sintering temperature
Time.In the present invention, the sintering preferably is selected from room temperature to sintering temperature, and the rate of the heating is preferably 5~15 DEG C/
Min, further preferably 7~13 DEG C/min.In the present invention, the sintering is preferably vacuum-sintering, the vacuum-sintering
Vacuum degree is preferably shorter than 8 × 10-4Pa, even more preferably below 1 × 10-4Pa.Sintering of the present invention cooperates aforementioned isostatic cool pressing
Molding, can make the full and uniform densification of stainless steel green compact, be conducive to the mechanical property for improving final two phase stainless steel.Sintering
Afterwards, the present invention obtains sintered blank preferably by sintered product furnace cooling.
After obtaining sintered blank, the sintered blank is preferably carried out solution treatment by the present invention, obtains two phase stainless steel.
In the present invention, the temperature of the solution treatment is preferably 1150~1300 DEG C, further preferably 1200~
1300 DEG C, more preferably 1250~1300 DEG C；The soaking time of the solution treatment is preferably 30~150min, further preferably
For 60~120min.In the present invention, the type of cooling of the solution treatment is preferably water cooling.Solution treatment energy of the present invention
Harmful phase is enough eliminated, the austenite and ferrite in equilibrium state are obtained.
Two phase stainless steel provided by the invention and preparation method thereof is described in detail below with reference to embodiment, still
They cannot be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
According to 17.2wt.%Cr, 1.1wt.%Mo, 5.9wt.%Ni, 0.1wt.%Mn, surplus is the ratio ingredient of Fe,
Chromium powder, molybdenum powder, nickel powder and manganese powder are mixed into 60min at 24r/min, obtain mixed powder；
By mixed powder isostatic cool pressing compression moulding, stainless steel green compact is obtained, isostatic cool pressing suppresses dwell pressure 200MPa,
Dwell time 100s；
Vacuum-sintering is carried out to stainless steel green compact, it is 1350 DEG C of sintering temperature, soaking time 60min, cold with furnace after sintering
But, sintered blank is obtained；
Solution treatment is carried out to sintered blank, the temperature of solution treatment is 1300 DEG C, and the soaking time of solution treatment is
60min, water cooling immediately after solution treatment, obtains two phase stainless steel.
It is formed using electric spark direct reading spectrometry and is analyzed, as a result as follows: 17.2wt.%Cr, 1.1wt.%Mo,
5.9wt.%Ni, 0.1wt.%Mn, surplus are Fe and a small amount of impurity.
XRD analysis is carried out to two phase stainless steel made from embodiment 1, as a result as shown in Figure 1.Fig. 1 shows, embodiment 1
Two phase stainless steel is typical ferrite (α phase) and austenite (γ phase) two-phase structure.
Metallographic structure observation is carried out to two phase stainless steel made from embodiment 1, as a result as shown in Figure 2.Fig. 2 is shown, is implemented
The two phase stainless steel of example 1 is ferrite (α phase) and austenite (γ phase) two-phase structure, and even tissue.
Embodiment 2
According to 17.2wt.%Cr, 1.5wt.%Mo, 7.6wt.%Ni, 0.1wt.%Mn, surplus is the ratio ingredient of Fe,
Chromium powder, molybdenum powder, nickel powder and manganese powder are mixed into 120min at 20 turns/min, obtain mixed powder；
By mixed powder isostatic cool pressing compression moulding, stainless steel green compact is obtained, isostatic cool pressing suppresses dwell pressure 250MPa,
Dwell time 50s；
Vacuum-sintering is carried out to stainless steel green compact, it is 1340 DEG C of sintering temperature, soaking time 120min, cold with furnace after sintering
But, sintered blank is obtained；
Solution treatment is carried out to sintered blank, the temperature of solution treatment is 1250 DEG C, and the soaking time of solution treatment is
120min, water cooling immediately after solution treatment, obtains high strength dual phase stainless steel.
It is formed using electric spark direct reading spectrometry and is analyzed, as a result as follows: 17.2wt.%Cr, 1.5wt.%Mo,
7.6wt.%Ni, 0.1wt.%Mn, surplus are Fe and a small amount of impurity.
It carries out mechanical property to two phase stainless steel made from Examples 1 to 2 to test, stretching test method is according to country
Standard: GB/T 228.1-2010；Tensile sample is prepared according to GB/T 7963-2015, obtained stress-strain diagram such as Fig. 3 institute
Show.Fig. 3 is as the result is shown: the relative density of two phase stainless steel made from embodiment 1 is 98.3%, tensile strength Rm=1034MPa,
Yield strength Rp0.2=990MPa, elongation A=15.5%, contraction percentage of area Z=25.2%, Rockwell hardness=35.2HRC；It is real
Apply relative density=98.8% of two phase stainless steel made from example 2, tensile strength Rm=826MPa, yield strength Rp0.2=
730MPa, elongation A=39.5%, contraction percentage of area Z=34.1%, Rockwell hardness=30.1HRC illustrate two-phase of the invention
Stainless steel has excellent mechanical property.
As seen from the above embodiment, two phase stainless steel provided by the invention has excellent mechanical property；In addition, of the invention
Preparation method simple process, the process of offer are short, the two phase stainless steel even tissue of preparation, excellent in mechanical performance.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of two phase stainless steel, which is characterized in that the chemical component of the two phase stainless steel include: 16~18wt.% of Cr,
1~2wt.% of Mo, 5~10wt.% of Ni, C≤0.03wt.%, Mn≤1.5wt.%, P≤0.035wt.%, S≤
The Fe of 0.01wt.%, Si≤0.5wt.%, O≤0.006wt.% and surplus；
The preparation method of the two phase stainless steel, comprising the following steps:
The metal powder material of the correspondence two-phase stainless steel chemical composition is mixed, mixed powder is obtained；
The mixed powder is subjected to cold isostatic compaction, obtains stainless steel green compact；
The stainless steel green compact is sintered, sintered blank is obtained；
The sintered blank is subjected to solution treatment, obtains two phase stainless steel.
2. the preparation method of two phase stainless steel described in claim 1, comprising the following steps:
The metal powder material of two-phase stainless steel chemical composition described in corresponding claims 1 is mixed, mixed powder is obtained；
The mixed powder is subjected to cold isostatic compaction, obtains stainless steel green compact；
The stainless steel green compact is sintered, sintered blank is obtained；
The sintered blank is subjected to solution treatment, obtains two phase stainless steel.
3. preparation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the pressure of the cold isostatic compaction be 100~
300MPa, the time of the cold isostatic compaction are 10~200s.
4. preparation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the temperature of the sintering is 1200~1350 DEG C, institute
The time for stating sintering is 30~150min.
5. preparation method according to claim 2 or 4, which is characterized in that it is described to be sintered from room temperature to sintering temperature,
The rate of the heating is 5~15 DEG C/min.
6. preparation method according to claim 2 or 4, which is characterized in that described to be sintered to vacuum-sintering.
7. preparation method according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the vacuum degree of the vacuum-sintering is lower than 8 × 10- 4Pa。
8. preparation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the temperature of the solution treatment is 1150~1300
DEG C, the soaking time of the solution treatment is 30~150min.
9. the preparation method according to claim 2 or 8, which is characterized in that the type of cooling of the solution treatment is water cooling.
10. preparation method according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the partial size of the metal powder material is 5~25 μm.
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Effective date of registration: 20210223 Address after: 215612 chengdun village, Fenghuang Town, Zhangjiagang City, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee after: Zhangjiagang Deshan metal products Co.,Ltd. Address before: 222005 No. 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou District, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: Jiangsu Ocean University |
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Effective date of registration: 20230703 Address after: No.48 transformer circuit, Binhai County, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, 224500 Patentee after: Binhai southeast Foundry Co.,Ltd. Address before: 215612 chengdun village, Fenghuang Town, Zhangjiagang City, Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province Patentee before: Zhangjiagang Deshan metal products Co.,Ltd. |