CN109439960B - 磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂增材修复材料 - Google Patents
磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂增材修复材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂增材修复材料,其材料按质量百分比计的配比为:Ni6055%‑65%,Cu粉24%‑32%,Zn粉6%‑8%,Al2O3粉3%‑5%,各组分的质量百分比之和为100%;方法的其步骤为:(1)磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂修复前预处理,使用棕刚玉对磨损罗茨风机盖板进行表面喷砂处理;(2)磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂修复参数:冷喷涂基体预热温度100℃,喷涂气体温度300‑500℃,压力0.6‑0.8MPa,喷涂距离25mm,送粉量0.4‑0.6g/s;(3)热处理参数为:热处理温度500‑600℃,升温速度3℃/min,保温时间2h,然后随炉冷却。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及増材修复涂层制备领域,具体涉及一种磨损罗茨风机盖板的增材修复材料及修复方法。
背景技术
罗茨风机盖板作为罗茨风机工作中的重要部件之一,主要用来连接机壳与叶轮,支撑叶轮的旋转,起到端面密封的作用。由于罗茨风机盖板在工作中主要受到来自端面的磨损,磨损后的盖板起不到良好的密封作用,从而导致整台罗茨风机设备无法正常运转,给企业带来不可估量的损失。对于磨损的罗茨风机盖板若采用直接更换(成套更换)的方式处理,无异于增加了企业的生产成本。
表面修复技术是只针对受损区域进行修复,使得修复后的零件可以满足实际使用工况的需求,不仅操作简单,而且省时省力。对于受损的罗茨风机盖板常用的表面修复技术有堆焊、热喷涂、电刷镀等工艺,但均存在一定的不足之处,堆焊后的堆焊层中容易出现气孔、夹杂等缺陷;热喷涂会造成罗茨风机盖板发生严重变形,导致盖板的密封性下降;电刷镀虽无热影响,但镀液污染严重,镀层的厚度也受到严格的限制。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂增材修复材料与制备方法。
本发明是磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂增材修复材料与修复方法,磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂增材修复材料,按质量百分比计,其配比为:
Ni60 55%-65%,Cu粉24%-32%,Zn粉6%-8%,Al2O3粉 3%-5%,各组分的质量百分比之和为100%;配制该Ni60铜锌基粉末使用的Ni60、Cu、Zn粉末与Al2O3粉的粒度范围均10-40μm;其中Ni60、Cu粉形状为瑞球形,Zn粉为树枝状,Al2O3粉是形状为多边形的α相Al2O3粉,将Ni60铜锌基粉末按上述配比进行时长4h的机械混合至均匀。
本发明的磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂增材修复材料的修复方法,其步骤为:
(1)磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂修复前预处理,使用粒度0.5-1mm的棕刚玉对磨损罗茨风机盖板进行表面喷砂处理;
(2)磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂修复参数:冷喷涂基体预热温度100℃,喷涂气体温度300-500℃,压力0.6-0.8MPa,喷涂距离25mm,送粉量0.4-0.6g/s;
(3)对冷喷涂修复后的磨损罗茨风机盖板进行热处理,其热处理参数为:热处理温度500-600℃,升温速度3℃/min,保温时间2h,然后随炉冷却。
本发明具有以下有益效果:所得的冷喷涂增材修复Ni60铜锌粉末具有很好的低压冷气动力喷涂的性能;使用本发明所得的低压冷气动力喷涂用Ni60铜锌粉末在磨损罗茨风机盖板上进行低压冷气动力喷涂,其所制备的修复层可达到零件尺寸的使用要求,修复层的厚度理论上没有上线;经过后续的热处理工艺,可减少或消除修复层内部的孔隙及残余应力,促进修复层内部元素充分扩散和合金化,使得修复层的耐磨性、硬度及与零件的结合强度得到进一步提高。
为达到罗茨风机盖板的使用工况要求,本发明所得的低压冷气动力喷涂Ni60铜锌修复层具有优良的耐磨性及力学性能,其主要是由修复层中不同粉体颗粒的性能所决定,如:修复层中Ni60是耐磨相,在于提高修复层的耐摩擦性;Cu是减磨相,在于降低修复层的摩擦系数;Zn是合金强化相与粘结相,在于提高修复层的机械性能;Al2O3是界面活化相,在于提高涂层沉积效率。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂增材修复Ni60铜锌粉末的形貌图,
图2是冷喷涂用Ni60铜锌粉体修复磨损罗茨风机盖板修复前的形貌图,图3是冷喷涂用Ni60铜锌粉体修复磨损罗茨风机盖板修复后(热处理)的形貌图, 图4是冷喷涂用Ni60铜锌粉体修复磨损罗茨风机盖板的修复后(热处理)的微观形貌图。
具体实施方式
本发明是磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂增材修复材料与修复方法,磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂增材修复材料采用Ni60铜锌粉末,按质量百分比计,其配比为:
Ni60 55%-65%,Cu粉24%-32%,Zn粉6%-8%,Al2O3粉 3%-5%,各组分的质量百分比之和为100%;配制该Ni60铜锌基粉末使用的Ni60、Cu、Zn粉末与Al2O3粉的粒度范围均10-40μm;其中Ni60、Cu粉形状为瑞球形,Zn粉形状为树枝状,Al2O3粉是形状为多边形的α相Al2O3粉,将Ni60铜锌基粉末按上述配比进行时长4h的机械混合至均匀。
本发明的磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂增材修复材料的修复方法,其步骤为:
(1)磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂修复前预处理,使用粒度0.5-1mm的棕刚玉对磨损罗茨风机盖板进行表面喷砂处理,其目的在于增强零件表面活化,有利于后续粉体沉积;
(2)磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂修复参数:冷喷涂基体预热温度100℃,喷涂气体温度300-500℃,压力0.6-0.8MPa,送粉量0.4-0.6g/s;
(3)对冷喷涂修复后的磨损罗茨风机盖板进行热处理,其热处理参数为:热处理温度500-600℃,升温速度3℃/min,保温时间2h,,然后随炉冷却。其目的在于清除冷喷涂修复后涂层内部的残余应力,促进合金元素的扩散。
罗茨风机盖板的主要材质为Fe基材料,材料硬度为286HV左右。基于盖板此性能,本专利选取Ni60铜锌粉体,充分利用不同的粉体在修复层中起到不同作用,如:Ni60是耐磨相,提高修复层的耐摩擦性;Cu是减磨相,在于降低修复层的摩擦系数;Zn是合金强化相与粘结相,在于提高修复层的机械性能;Al2O3是界面活化相,在于提高涂层沉积效率。基于以上各种粉体的性能及冷喷涂的工艺特性,采用低压冷喷涂技术用Ni60铜锌粉体修复磨损罗茨风机盖板是一件有意义的事情。
冷喷涂又称冷气动力学喷涂法,是基于空气动力学原理的一种喷涂技术,与其他喷涂技术相比,冷气动力喷涂具有喷涂温度低,涂层组织致密,孔隙率低,颗粒不易发生氧化、相变、脱碳和组织变化等现象。根据所使用的压力不同,冷喷涂可分为高压(大于15个大气压)与低压(小于10个大气压)。高压冷气动力喷涂与低压冷气动力喷涂相比,其所制备的涂层性能并无太大差异,相比之下,低压冷气动力喷涂设备小、造价低,涂层制备成本低。由于冷喷涂低温的工艺特性,对喷涂材料无热影响,对基体的热影响也非常小,因此不仅可以直接喷涂制造零件,而且也可作为一种增材修复技术,应用于零件失效部的修复与再制造,基于冷喷涂这种低温、粒子速度快(超音速)等特性,因此所修复后的涂层具有致密、未发生氧化等性能。对于未沉积的粉体可回收再利用,对环境无污染。因此低压冷气动力喷涂技术在商业的竞争能力与发展前景中具有很大的空间。
为了使本发明的目的及优点更加清楚明白,以下结合实施例对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
实施例1:
磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂增材修复Ni60铜锌粉末,由以下质量百分比的原料制备而成:
Ni60 55%-65%,Cu粉24%-32%,Zn粉6%-8%,Al2O3粉 3%-5%,各组分的质量百分比之和为100%;配制该Ni60铜锌基粉末使用的Ni60、Cu、Zn粉末与Al2O3粉的粒度范围均10-40μm;其中Ni60、Cu粉形状为瑞球形,Zn粉形状为树枝状,Al2O3粉是形状为多边形的α相Al2O3粉,将Ni60铜锌基粉末按上述配比进行时长4h的机械混合至均匀。
磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂增材修复工艺方法,其修复工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂修复前预处理,使用粒度0.5-1mm的棕刚玉对磨损罗茨风机盖板进行表面喷砂处理,其目的在于增强零件表面活化,有利于后续粉体沉积;
(2)磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂修复参数:冷喷涂基体预热温度100℃,喷涂气体温度300-500℃,压力0.6-0.8MPa,喷涂距离20-30mm,送粉量0.4-0.6g/s;
(3)对冷喷涂修复后的磨损罗茨风机盖板进行热处理,其热处理参数为:热处理温度500-600℃,升温速度3℃/min,保温时间2h,,然后随炉冷却。其目的在于清除冷喷涂修复后涂层内部的残余应力,促进合金元素的扩散。
本实施例中Ni60铜锌粉末具有优良的冷喷涂喷涂性能,使用低压冷喷涂技术修复磨损罗茨风机盖板。修复层中Ni60粒子作为耐磨相,在摩擦工况中,由于Ni60粒子为硬质颗粒,因此可以起到很好的耐磨作用,提高了修复层在耐磨环境下的使用性能及寿命;修复层中Cu粒子作为减磨相,在摩擦工况中,由于Cu粒子较软易发生变形,导致修复层的摩擦系数降低,使得修复层减磨性能提高;在修复层的Zn粒子作为合金强化相与粘结相,在后续对修复层的热处理中,Zn可以形成液相,对涂层内部的孔隙起到一个很好的填充效果,其次Zn元素也可以与Cu、Ni元素形成不同的第二相,这些第二相通常是金属化合物,由于这些第二相具有很高的强度,因此在摩擦工况中起到与Ni60相同的耐磨性能;在修复层的Al2O3粒子作为界面活化相,在喷涂过程中,当Al2O3粒子与零件表面碰撞后,增强了零件表面的活化能,促进了Cu、Zn、Ni粒子的进一步沉积,提高了修复层与零件的结合强度。
本实施例的冷喷涂工艺中喷涂基体预热温度小于100℃,其目的在于减少基体内聚应力,促进粉末的有效沉积;喷涂中气体温度为300-500℃,其目的是软化粉体颗粒硬度,提高粉体飞行速度,使粉体颗粒达到其所需沉积的临界速度;压强为0.6-0.8MPa,其目的在于减小修复层内部孔隙,提高修复层的致密度;送粉量为0.4-0.6m/s,其目的在于保证工作效率与产品质量。
由于冷喷涂的低温特性,因此在冷喷涂制备的修复层中,粉体颗粒未发生融化等现象,粒子与粒子之间只是简单的机械结合;为进一步提高涂层机械性能,对冷喷涂制备的修复层进行热处理,其目的在于通过热处理使粒子与粒子之间由机械结合转变为冶金结合,促进修复层合金化,提高修复层与零件之间的结合强度、硬度,消除修复层内部的内聚应力。
使用本发明提供的低压冷喷涂增材修复方法与材料对磨损的罗茨风机盖板进行增材制造,对于修复前后磨损罗茨风机盖板的宏观与微观形貌如图2所示。
图2~图4为冷喷涂用Ni60铜锌粉体修复前后罗茨风机盖板的宏观与微观形貌图,其中图2为修复前磨损罗茨风机盖板图,可以看出罗茨风机盖板的端面磨损严重,影响到罗茨风机盖板的密封性;图3为冷喷涂用Ni60铜锌粉体修复并热处理后的磨损罗茨风机盖板图,可以看到磨损的端面已经被修复层覆盖,完全看不到磨损的痕迹,并且达到工况尺寸的使用要求;图4为修复热处理后修复层与盖板的界面微观形貌图,图中上方为涂层,下方为基体,可以看到热处理后,金属颗粒变形很充分,变成了扁平状。喷涂后的热处理,可以促使金属元素相互扩散,形成金属固溶体,提高涂层的硬度,以及涂层与基体结合界面的强度。对热处理后修复层的机械性能进行测试,结果为:修复层硬度283HV,结合强度43MPa,与不锈钢304的无润滑摩擦系数0.245,修复层的性能与罗茨风机盖板机械性能相接近,完全适用于实际的使用工况。
以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以作出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。
Claims (1)
1.磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂增材修复材料,其特征在于,按质量百分比计,其配比为:
Ni60 55%-65%,Cu粉24%-32%,Zn粉6%-8%,Al2O3粉3%-5%,各组分的质量百分比之和为100%;配制该Ni60铜锌基粉末使用的Ni60、Cu、Zn粉末与Al2O3粉的粒度范围均10-40μm;其中Ni60、Cu粉形状为瑞球形,Zn粉为树枝状,Al2O3粉是形状为多边形的α相Al2O3粉,将Ni60铜锌基粉末按上述配比进行时长4h的机械混合至均匀;
所述磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂增材修复材料的修复方法,其步骤为:
(1)磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂修复前预处理,使用粒度0.5-1mm的棕刚玉对磨损罗茨风机盖板进行表面喷砂处理;
(2)磨损罗茨风机盖板的冷喷涂修复参数:冷喷涂基体预热温度100℃,喷涂气体温度300-500℃,压力0.6-0.8MPa,喷涂距离25mm,送粉量0.4-0.6g/s;
(3)对冷喷涂修复后的磨损罗茨风机盖板进行热处理,其热处理参数为:热处理温度500-600℃,升温速度3℃/min,保温时间2h,然后随炉冷却。
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