CN109439937B - Preparation method of nickel-plated amorphous alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material - Google Patents

Preparation method of nickel-plated amorphous alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material Download PDF

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CN109439937B
CN109439937B CN201811298708.4A CN201811298708A CN109439937B CN 109439937 B CN109439937 B CN 109439937B CN 201811298708 A CN201811298708 A CN 201811298708A CN 109439937 B CN109439937 B CN 109439937B
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amorphous alloy
nickel
composite material
alloy particles
plated
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CN109439937A (en
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李才巨
关洪达
易健宏
徐尊严
李宁宇
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
    • C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
    • B22F1/17—Metallic particles coated with metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/047—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy comprising intermetallic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a preparation method of a nickel-plated amorphous alloy particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, and belongs to the technical field of preparation of metal-based composite materials. Depositing a layer of uniform nano nickel particles on the surfaces of amorphous alloy particles to obtain amorphous alloy particles with nickel plated on the surfaces; uniformly mixing the nickel-plated amorphous alloy particles with aluminum matrix powder by a mechanical ball milling method to obtain composite material powder; and carrying out cold pressing, blocking, sintering and hot processing on the composite material powder to obtain the final aluminum-based composite material. According to the invention, the nickel-plated amorphous alloy particles are used for reinforcing the aluminum-based composite material, so that the interface bonding between the amorphous alloy particles and the aluminum matrix can be improved, the wettability of the interface between the reinforcing phase and the matrix is improved, and the nickel layer on the surface of the amorphous alloy particles can react with the aluminum matrix to generate an intermetallic compound, so that the interface bonding strength between the amorphous alloy particles and the aluminum matrix is obviously improved, and the mechanical property of the aluminum-based composite material is further improved.

Description

Preparation method of nickel-plated amorphous alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material
Technical Field
The invention relates to a preparation method of a nickel-plated amorphous alloy particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material, belonging to the technical field of preparation of metal-based composite materials.
Background
Compared with metal materials, the metal matrix composite material has a plurality of excellent properties, wherein the aluminum matrix composite material is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, transportation, weapon manufacturing, electrical engineering, sports equipment and the like due to low density, high strength, high elastic modulus and good corrosion resistance.
The mechanical property of the aluminum matrix can be improved by adding high-strength ceramic particle reinforced phase (such as SiC and Al)2O3Etc.), but the interface bonding property is poor due to the interface reaction between the matrix and the ceramic reinforcing phase, resulting in a decrease in the mechanical properties of the composite material. Compared with the traditional ceramic particle reinforced phase, the amorphous alloy has high strength, elastic modulus, corrosion resistance, wear resistance and the like, is relatively stable, does not generate interface reaction with an aluminum matrix, and can obviously improve the performance of the composite material when being used as the reinforced phase. However, it is difficult to control the temperature during the preparation process to improve the interfacial bonding between the amorphous alloy particles and the aluminum matrix and to keep the amorphous alloy particles from being crystallized, and thus relatively little research work is done on amorphous alloy reinforced aluminum matrix composites.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a nickel-plated amorphous alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, which improves the interface combination between a matrix and a reinforcing phase by plating nickel on the surface of amorphous alloy particles, and further improves the performance of the amorphous reinforced aluminum matrix composite, and specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) a layer of uniform nano nickel particles is deposited on the surfaces of the amorphous alloy particles by a conventional method to obtain amorphous alloy particles with nickel plated on the surfaces, and a precipitation-deposition method or a chemical nickel plating method is generally adopted, wherein the plating time is (48 hours for precipitation and 15 minutes for chemical nickel plating).
(2) Uniformly mixing the nickel-plated amorphous alloy particles with aluminum matrix powder by a mechanical ball milling method to obtain composite material powder;
(3) and carrying out cold pressing, blocking, sintering and hot processing on the composite material powder to obtain the final aluminum-based composite material.
Preferably, the amorphous alloy particles in step (1) of the present invention are one of Fe-based amorphous alloy particles, Ti-based amorphous alloy particles, Mg-based amorphous alloy particles, Al-based amorphous alloy particles, and Zr-based amorphous alloy particles; the grain size of the amorphous alloy particles is 16-54 μm.
Preferably, the aluminum matrix powder in step (2) of the present invention is pure aluminum powder or aluminum alloy powder.
Preferably, in the step (2) of the present invention, the content of the nickel-plated amorphous alloy particles is 5vol% to 15vol%, and the content of the aluminum matrix is 85vol% to 95 vol%.
The powder mixing process of the invention only needs to uniformly disperse the amorphous alloy particles with nickel plated on the surface into the aluminum matrix, and because the micron-sized amorphous alloy particles are easier to uniformly disperse in the matrix and the nickel plating layer on the surface of the amorphous alloy particles is not damaged, the powder is uniformly mixed by generally adopting a low-speed short-time ball milling method, the rotating speed of the ball mill is 100-200rpm, and the time is 1-2 h.
Preferably, the pressure for cold pressing in step (3) of the present invention is 300-.
Preferably, the sintering environment in the step (3) of the invention is vacuum, the temperature is 400-; conventional sintering methods such as spark plasma sintering, hot press sintering or microwave sintering can be used in the present invention.
Preferably, the hot working temperature in the step (3) of the invention is 400-; conventional hot working processes such as hot extrusion, hot rolling or hot forging may be used in the present invention.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the aluminum-based composite material disclosed by the invention not only takes a novel amorphous alloy material as a reinforcing phase, but also plates a layer of nano nickel particles on the surface of the amorphous alloy particles, so that on one hand, the excellent mechanical property of the amorphous alloy particles is kept, and the wettability of an interface between the reinforcing phase and a matrix is improved, on the other hand, an intermetallic compound generated by the reaction of a nickel layer on the surface of the amorphous alloy particles and an aluminum matrix obviously improves the bonding strength of the interface between the amorphous alloy particles and the aluminum matrix, and the strength of the composite material is improved by about 30% compared with that of the amorphous reinforced aluminum-based composite material.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto.
Example 1
The raw materials used in this example were: pure aluminum powder (purity from Shanghai Aladdin Biotechnology Co., Ltd.)>99.95 percent and the particle size is 25 mu m), the amorphous alloy particles are Fe50Cr25Mo9C13B3(purity, available from Wandun amorphous commercial Co., Ltd., Guangzhou city)>99% and the particle size is 16-30 μm).
The preparation method of the nickel-plated amorphous alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) depositing a layer of uniform nano nickel particles on the surfaces of the amorphous alloy particles by a precipitation-deposition method: weighing a certain amount of amorphous alloy powder and nickel sulfate hexahydrate according to the nickel plating amount, putting the amorphous alloy powder and the nickel sulfate hexahydrate into 1L of deionized water, stirring by using a magnetic stirrer, simultaneously dripping 0.05mol/L of NaOH solution to be neutral, standing for 48h, washing, drying, putting the mixture into a tubular furnace, calcining for 4h under the protection of nitrogen at 200 ℃, and then reducing for 2h under the hydrogen atmosphere at 400 ℃ to obtain the amorphous alloy powder with the surface plated with nano nickel particles.
(2) Uniformly mixing 10vol% of reinforcing phase particles and 90vol% of pure aluminum powder to obtain composite material powder, and mixing the powder in a ball milling mode, wherein the rotating speed of a ball mill is 100rpm, and the ball milling time is 2 hours.
(3) Carrying out cold pressing, blocking, sintering and hot processing on the composite material powder to obtain a final aluminum-based composite material; the apparatus for cold pressing the block is a single-arm hydraulic press, the pressure is 300MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 15min, and the diameter of the pressed block is phi 26 mm; the sintering mode is Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), the sintering environment is vacuum, the sintering temperature is 600 ℃, the sintering pressure is 80MPa, and the heat preservation time is 5 min; the hot working mode is hot extrusion, the extrusion temperature is 600 ℃, and the pressure is 500 MPa.
And (3) analyzing an experimental result: at room temperature, tensile mechanical property, hardness and density of the nickel-plated amorphous alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material are tested, and the tensile strength, hardness and density of the composite material reach 268MPa, 78HV and 99.1% respectively. Compared with the pure aluminum-based composite material reinforced by pure Fe-based amorphous alloy particles without nickel plating, the density of the obtained material is improved; the hardness is improved by 23 percent compared with that of the amorphous reinforced aluminum-based composite material; compared with the amorphous reinforced aluminum-based composite material, the strength is improved by 22.8 percent.
Example 2
The raw materials used in this example were: pure aluminum powder (purity from Shanghai Aladdin Biotechnology Co., Ltd.)>99.95 percent and the particle size is 25 mu m), the amorphous alloy particles are Ti52Cu20Ni17Al11(purity of>99 percent and the granularity is 20-30 mu m).
The preparation method of the nickel-plated amorphous alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) depositing a layer of uniform nano nickel particles on the surfaces of the amorphous alloy particles by a precipitation-deposition method: weighing a certain amount of amorphous alloy powder and nickel sulfate hexahydrate according to the nickel plating amount, putting the amorphous alloy powder and the nickel sulfate hexahydrate into 1L of deionized water, stirring by using a magnetic stirrer, simultaneously dripping 0.05mol/L of NaOH solution to be neutral, standing for 48h, washing, drying, putting the mixture into a tubular furnace, calcining for 4h under the protection of nitrogen at 200 ℃, and then reducing for 2h under the hydrogen atmosphere at 400 ℃ to obtain the amorphous alloy powder with the surface plated with nano nickel particles.
(2) Uniformly mixing 5vol% of reinforcing phase particles and 95vol% of pure aluminum powder to obtain composite material powder, and mixing the powder in a ball milling mode, wherein the rotating speed of a ball mill is 200rpm, and the ball milling time is 1 h.
(3) Carrying out cold pressing, blocking, sintering and hot processing on the composite material powder to obtain a final aluminum-based composite material; the apparatus for cold pressing the block is a single-arm hydraulic press, the pressure is 400MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 10min, and the diameter of the pressed block is phi 26 mm; the sintering mode is hot-pressing sintering, the sintering environment is vacuum, the sintering temperature is 500 ℃, the sintering pressure is 50MPa, and the heat preservation time is 20 min; the hot processing mode is hot extrusion, the extrusion temperature is 550 ℃, and the pressure is 400 MPa.
And (3) analyzing an experimental result: at room temperature, tensile mechanical property, hardness and density of the nickel-plated amorphous alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material are tested, and the tensile strength, hardness and density of the composite material reach 259MPa, 74HV and 98.9% respectively.
Example 3
The raw materials used in this example were: 2024 aluminum alloy powder (purity, available from Shanghai Aladdin Biotechnology Ltd.)>99.95% with a particle size of 35 μm), the amorphous alloy particles being Mg65Cu20Zn5Y10(purity of>98% with a particle size of 30-54 μm).
The preparation method of the nickel-plated amorphous alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) depositing a layer of uniform nano nickel particles on the surfaces of the amorphous alloy particles by adopting a chemical nickel plating method: immersing amorphous alloy particles into an activating solution prepared from nickel sulfate and sodium hypophosphite for 10s, taking out and drying, repeating the steps for three times, washing and drying, immersing the activated amorphous alloy particles into a plating solution prepared from 30g/L nickel sulfate, 15g/L sodium hypophosphite, 15g/L sodium succinate and 0.36g/L succinic acid for 15min, taking out, washing and drying, then placing in a tubular furnace, heating to 450 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, and preserving heat for 1h under the atmosphere of hydrogen to obtain an amorphous alloy reinforced phase with the surface plated with nano nickel particles.
(2) Uniformly mixing 15vol% of reinforcing phase particles and 85vol% of 2024 aluminum alloy powder to obtain composite material powder, and mixing the powder in a ball milling mode, wherein the rotating speed of a ball mill is 150rpm, and the ball milling time is 1.5 h.
(3) Carrying out cold pressing, blocking, sintering and hot processing on the composite material powder to obtain a final aluminum-based composite material; the apparatus for cold pressing the block is a single-arm hydraulic press, the pressure is 400MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 10min, and the diameter of the pressed block is phi 26 mm; the sintering mode is Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), the sintering environment is vacuum, the sintering temperature is 400 ℃, the sintering pressure is 50MPa, and the heat preservation time is 10 min; the hot processing mode is hot extrusion, the extrusion temperature is 400 ℃, and the pressure is 500 MPa.
And (3) analyzing an experimental result: at room temperature, tensile mechanical property, hardness and density of the nickel-plated amorphous alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material are tested, and the tensile strength, hardness and density of the composite material reach 328MPa, 85HV and 99.5% respectively.
Example 4
The raw materials used in this example were: 7075 aluminum alloy powder (purity from Shanghai Aladdin Biotechnology Ltd.)>99.95 percent and the granularity of 40 mu m), the amorphous alloy particles are Al84Gd6Ni7Co3(purity of>98% with a particle size of 20 μm).
The preparation method of the nickel-plated amorphous alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) depositing a layer of uniform nano nickel particles on the surfaces of the amorphous alloy particles by a precipitation-deposition method: weighing a certain amount of amorphous alloy powder and nickel sulfate hexahydrate according to the nickel plating amount, putting the amorphous alloy powder and the nickel sulfate hexahydrate into 1L of deionized water, stirring by using a magnetic stirrer, simultaneously dripping 0.05mol/L of NaOH solution to be neutral, standing for 48h, washing, drying, putting the mixture into a tubular furnace, calcining for 4h under the protection of nitrogen at 200 ℃, and then reducing for 2h under the hydrogen atmosphere at 400 ℃ to obtain the amorphous alloy powder with the surface plated with nano nickel particles.
(2) Uniformly mixing 8vol% of reinforcing phase particles and 92vol% of 7075 aluminum alloy powder to obtain composite material powder, and mixing the powder in a ball milling mode, wherein the rotating speed of a ball mill is 150rpm, and the ball milling time is 1.5 h.
(3) Carrying out cold pressing, blocking, sintering and hot processing on the composite material powder to obtain a final aluminum-based composite material; the apparatus for cold pressing the block is a single-arm hydraulic press, the pressure is 500MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 5min, and the diameter of the pressed block is phi 26 mm; the sintering mode is hot-pressing sintering, the sintering environment is vacuum, the sintering temperature is 450 ℃, the sintering pressure is 50MPa, and the heat preservation time is 20 min; the hot working mode is hot extrusion, the extrusion temperature is 450 ℃, and the pressure is 600 MPa.
And (3) analyzing an experimental result: at room temperature, tensile mechanical property and hardness of the nickel-plated amorphous alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material are tested, and the tensile strength, hardness and density of the composite material reach 357MPa, 93HV and 99.4% respectively.
Example 5
The raw materials used in this example were: 7075 aluminum alloy powder (purity from Shanghai Aladdin Biotechnology Ltd.)>99.95% with a grain size of 40 μm), the amorphous alloy particles are Zr65Cu18Ni7Al10(purity of>98% with a particle size of 35 μm).
The preparation method of the nickel-plated amorphous alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) depositing a layer of uniform nano nickel particles on the surfaces of the amorphous alloy particles by adopting a chemical nickel plating method: immersing amorphous alloy particles into an activating solution prepared from nickel sulfate and sodium hypophosphite for 10s, taking out and drying, repeating the steps for three times, washing and drying, immersing the activated amorphous alloy particles into a plating solution prepared from 30g/L nickel sulfate, 15g/L sodium hypophosphite, 15g/L sodium succinate and 0.36g/L succinic acid for 15min, taking out, washing and drying, then placing in a tubular furnace, heating to 450 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, and preserving heat for 1h under the atmosphere of hydrogen to obtain an amorphous alloy reinforced phase with the surface plated with nano nickel particles.
(2) Uniformly mixing 12vol% of reinforcing phase particles and 88vol% of 7075 aluminum alloy powder to obtain composite material powder, and adopting a ball milling powder mixing mode, wherein the rotating speed of a ball mill is 100rpm, and the ball milling time is 2 hours.
(3) Carrying out cold pressing, blocking, sintering and hot processing on the composite material powder to obtain a final aluminum-based composite material; the apparatus for cold pressing the block is a single-arm hydraulic press, the pressure is 400MPa, the pressure maintaining time is 10min, and the diameter of the pressed block is phi 26 mm; the sintering mode is Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS), the sintering environment is vacuum, the sintering temperature is 400 ℃, the sintering pressure is 30MPa, and the heat preservation time is 10 min; the hot processing mode is hot extrusion, the extrusion temperature is 400 ℃, and the pressure is 500 MPa.
And (3) analyzing an experimental result: at room temperature, tensile mechanical property, hardness and density of the nickel-plated amorphous alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material are tested, and the tensile strength, hardness and density of the composite material reach 362MPa, 96HV and 99.8% respectively.

Claims (6)

1. A preparation method of a nickel-plated amorphous alloy particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) depositing a layer of uniform nano nickel particles on the surfaces of the amorphous alloy particles to obtain amorphous alloy particles with nickel plated on the surfaces;
(2) uniformly mixing the nickel-plated amorphous alloy particles with aluminum matrix powder by a powder metallurgy method to obtain composite material powder;
(3) carrying out cold pressing, blocking, sintering and hot processing on the composite material powder to obtain a final aluminum-based composite material;
the amorphous alloy particles in the step (1) are one of Fe-based amorphous alloy particles, Ti-based amorphous alloy particles, Mg-based amorphous alloy particles, Al-based amorphous alloy particles and Zr-based amorphous alloy particles; the grain size of the amorphous alloy particles is 16-54 μm;
in the step (2), the content of the nickel-plated amorphous alloy particles is 5-30 vol%, and the content of the aluminum matrix is 70-95 vol%.
2. The method for preparing the nickel-plated amorphous alloy particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step (2), the aluminum matrix powder is pure aluminum powder or aluminum alloy powder.
3. The method for preparing the nickel-plated amorphous alloy particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the powder mixing mode in the step (2) is ball milling or a three-dimensional mixer, the ball milling rotation speed is 100 and 200rpm, and the time is 1-3 h.
4. The method for preparing the nickel-plated amorphous alloy particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pressure of cold pressing molding in the step (3) is 300-500MPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 5-15 min.
5. The method for preparing the nickel-plated amorphous alloy particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sintering environment in the step (3) is vacuum, the temperature is 400-.
6. The method for preparing the nickel-plated amorphous alloy particle-reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the hot working temperature in the step (3) is 400-600 ℃, and the pressure is 300-600 MPa.
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US10030312B2 (en) * 2009-10-14 2018-07-24 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Electrodeposited alloys and methods of making same using power pulses
CN105803236B (en) * 2016-03-24 2018-02-23 济南大学 A kind of aluminum matrix composite of non-crystaline amorphous metal enhancing and preparation method thereof
CN106967900B (en) * 2017-04-26 2019-01-29 华南理工大学 A kind of titanium-based metal glass particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites and preparation method thereof
CN108220701A (en) * 2018-01-17 2018-06-29 昆明理工大学 A kind of non-crystalline grains reinforced aluminium-base composite material and preparation method thereof
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