CN109437942B - Light pyrolysis self-adaptive dimensional efficient heat-proof material - Google Patents
Light pyrolysis self-adaptive dimensional efficient heat-proof material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of aerospace thermal protection, and discloses a light thermal decomposition self-adaptive dimensional high-efficiency thermal protection material, which solves the contradiction between light weight and dimensional shape of the existing thermal protection material on the basis of a light PICA thermal protection composite material (phenolic impregnated carbon ablation material). Carrying out ceramic coating on the carbon fibers, and isolating the carbon fibers from being in contact with oxygen; the carbon residue and the ceramic filler are sintered into an antioxidant ceramic surface layer under the action of aerodynamic heat, and the surface thermal radiance is improved, so that the longer the aerodynamic heat action time is, the thicker the ceramic surface layer is, the higher the surface thermal radiance is, and the purpose of self-adapting to the environment is achieved. On the basis of the thermal desorption heat and the thermal blockage effect of pyrolysis gas, a heat dredging and radiating technology and a carbon residue ceramic surface layer high radiation radiating technology are introduced, so that the synergistic effect of multiple heat protection mechanisms is realized, and the heat protection efficiency is improved. The invention can be applied to a thermal protection system in a medium-low heat flow thermal environment of a hypersonic-velocity near space aircraft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses a light pyrolysis self-adaptive dimensional high-efficiency heat-proof material, which can be applied to a heat protection system of a hypersonic velocity near space aircraft in a medium-low heat flow environment and belongs to the field of aerospace heat protection.
Background
The hypersonic near space aircraft thermal environment is characterized by medium and low heat flow, long-time oxygen and thousands of seconds. The light PICA heat-proof composite material (phenolic impregnated carbon ablation material) is one of the decisive factors of the advancement and the reliability of the aircraft, has irreplaceable advantages on hypersonic adjacent space aircraft, and the heat-proof mechanism of the light PICA heat-proof composite material relates to a series of complex physicochemical reaction processes. Along with the heating of hypersonic near spacecraft surface, layering appears in light PICA heat protection combined material: a virgin material layer, a pyrolytic layer, and a char layer. On the surface of the carbonization layer, residual carbon and carbon fiber are subjected to oxidation reaction with oxygen in the air to cause the surface of the material to retreat, so that the pneumatic appearance of the aircraft is changed, and the target precision is influenced; at the same time, the oxidation reaction increases the surface heat flow, increasing the line ablation rate. At present, the heat-proof material of the aircraft in service cannot meet the requirements of light weight and dimensional shape at the same time. Therefore, it is important to solve the contradiction between the light weight and dimensional shape of the heat-proof material.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a light pyrolysis self-adaptive dimensional high-efficiency heat-proof material which can be applied to a heat protection system of a hypersonic-velocity near space aircraft in a medium-low heat flow environment.
The invention aims to solve the contradiction between light weight and dimensional shape of the heat-proof material, the density of the heat-proof material is reduced by utilizing a porous structure, the surface of the carbon fiber subjected to surface pretreatment is subjected to ceramic coating by using silica sol, an additive and yttrium sol, the contact between the carbon fiber and oxygen is isolated, the ablation rate of the heat-proof material is 0, and the purpose of material dimensional shape is achieved.
The ceramic surface layer of the carbon residue is an antioxidant ceramic surface layer formed by sintering the carbon residue and ceramic filler under the action of aerodynamic heat. The carbon residue ceramic surface layer protects the heat-proof material from being ablated, and simultaneously improves the surface heat radiation rate of the heat-proof material.
The heat dredging and radiating technology is realized by paving the treated high-heat-conductivity long carbon fiber on the surface layer of the ceramic-coated carbon fiber porous material. The heat conduction and radiation technology is utilized to conduct heat flow to the whole surface layer of the heat-proof material, and the heat flow density of the highest heat flow area is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1) the invention realizes the lightening of the material through the porous structure in the heat-proof material, and the density of the material is lower than 0.6g/cm3The ceramic-coated carbon fiber and carbon residue ceramic surface layer can protect the heat-proof material from being ablated, and the contradiction between light weight and dimensional shape of the existing heat-proof material is solved.
2) Under the action of pneumatic heat, the carbon residue and the ceramic filler are sintered to form an antioxidant ceramic surface layer. Along with the increase of the action time of the pneumatic heat, the thickness of the surface layer of the carbon residue ceramic is increased, the surface thermal radiance of the heat-proof material is increased, and the purpose of self-adapting to the environment is achieved.
3) The invention introduces a heat dredging and heat dissipating technology on the basis of the thermal desorption heat and thermal blockage effect of pyrolysis gas of the light PICA heat-proof composite material; meanwhile, the surface layer of the carbon residue ceramic improves the surface thermal radiance of the heat-proof material and improves the high-temperature resistance of the heat-proof material. Realize the synergistic effect of a plurality of heat-proof mechanisms, and improve the heat-proof efficiency by 20 percent compared with the light PICA heat-proof composite material.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a thermal ablation prevention mechanism of a conventional PICA material.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a pyrolysis self-adaptive dimensional efficient heat protection mechanism of the novel PICA material.
The symbols in the figure are as follows: q is the heat flow density and is,
is the increased surface heat flow of the carbon fiber oxidation,
is a thermal blocking effect of the pyrolysis gas,
is the surface radiant heat flow.
Detailed Description
The method comprises the steps of uniformly mixing the treated chopped carbon fibers, silica sol and an additive, carrying out suction filtration to prepare a silicide ceramic coated carbon fiber material wet blank, and carrying out drying, mould pressing and sintering processes on the silicide ceramic coated carbon fiber material wet blank and the treated high-thermal-conductivity long carbon fibers to prepare the silicide ceramic coated carbon fiber porous preform. And (3) soaking the silicide ceramic-coated carbon fiber porous preform in yttrium sol, and preparing the silicide, yttrium compound and yttrium silicate ceramic-coated carbon fiber porous preform after drying and sintering processes.
According to the invention, inorganic elements such as boron, zirconium, silicon and the like are introduced into the phenolic resin to prepare the inorganic blending modified phenolic resin. The inorganic substance proportion is optimized through the characterization of the thermal stability of the modified resin and the characterization of the thermal radiation coefficient after high-temperature ceramic treatment, and finally the modified phenolic resin is prepared.
According to the invention, the ceramic-coated carbon fiber porous preform is immersed in the modified phenolic resin, and the light pyrolysis self-adaptive dimensional high-efficiency heat-proof material is prepared after drying and curing processes.
Claims (4)
1. A light pyrolysis self-adaptive dimensional high-efficiency heat-proof material applied to a hypersonic near space vehicle in a medium-low heat flow environment is characterized in that the light pyrolysis self-adaptive dimensional high-efficiency heat-proof material is prepared by uniformly mixing processed short carbon fibers, silica sol and an additive, performing suction filtration to prepare a silicide ceramic coated carbon fiber material wet blank, laying processed high-heat-conductivity long carbon fibers on the surface layer of the silicide ceramic coated carbon fiber material wet blank, and performing drying, mould pressing and sintering processes to prepare a silicide ceramic coated carbon fiber porous preform; soaking the carbon fiber porous preform coated with the silicide ceramic in yttrium sol, and preparing the carbon fiber porous preform coated with the silicide, yttrium compound and yttrium silicate ceramic through drying and sintering processes; the silicide, yttrium compound and yttrium silicate ceramic-coated carbon fiber porous preform is immersed in modified phenolic resin, boron, zirconium and silicon inorganic elements are introduced into the phenolic resin to prepare inorganic substance blended modified phenolic resin, and the light pyrolysis self-adaptive dimensional high-efficiency heat-proof material is prepared after drying and curing processes.
2. The lightweight pyrolytic adaptive dimensional high efficiency thermal protection material according to claim 1, wherein under the action of aerodynamic heat, carbon residue is sintered with ceramic filler to form oxidation resistant surface layer ceramic.
3. The lightweight pyrolytic adaptive dimensional high efficiency thermal shield according to claim 1, wherein the carbon residue ceramicized surface layer increases in thickness and surface emissivity with increasing time of aerodynamic heating.
4. The light pyrolysis self-adaptive dimensional high-efficiency heat-proof material as claimed in claims 1-3, wherein a heat dredging heat dissipation technology and a carbon residue ceramic high radiation heat dissipation technology are introduced on the basis of the heat desorption heat and pyrolysis gas blocking effect of the light PICA heat-proof composite material (phenolic impregnated carbon ablation material), so as to realize a synergistic effect of multiple heat-proof mechanisms.
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| CN201811382561.7A CN109437942B (en) | 2018-11-19 | 2018-11-19 | Light pyrolysis self-adaptive dimensional efficient heat-proof material |
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| CN109437942B true CN109437942B (en) | 2020-10-20 |
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| CN112326726B (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2023-12-29 | 北京临近空间飞行器系统工程研究所 | Device and method for testing pyrolysis injection factor of resin matrix composite |
| CN112758304A (en) * | 2021-04-07 | 2021-05-07 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心计算空气动力研究所 | Self-adaptive porous material sweating cooling front edge structure based on pyrolysis |
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| CN103224688B (en) * | 2013-04-16 | 2015-03-11 | 中国兵器工业集团第五三研究所 | Ablation resistant composite material |
| CN107640973B (en) * | 2016-10-09 | 2019-12-27 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Three-dimensional carbon fiber prefabricated part reinforced yttrium silicate composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106947098A (en) * | 2017-03-13 | 2017-07-14 | 北京交通大学 | A kind of preparation method for becoming gradient phenolic impregnated carbon fiber ablative composite material |
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