CN109434348B - Large-scale equipment supporting end cover plate reverse deformation tool and reverse deformation process - Google Patents
Large-scale equipment supporting end cover plate reverse deformation tool and reverse deformation process Download PDFInfo
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- CN109434348B CN109434348B CN201811247052.3A CN201811247052A CN109434348B CN 109434348 B CN109434348 B CN 109434348B CN 201811247052 A CN201811247052 A CN 201811247052A CN 109434348 B CN109434348 B CN 109434348B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
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Abstract
The invention discloses a large-scale equipment supporting end cover plate anti-deformation tool and an anti-deformation process, wherein the tool comprises a welding positioner, a pressing assembly and an anti-deformation boss, the welding positioner comprises an equipment base, a flange plate and a displacement mechanism, the flange plate is movably arranged on the equipment base by the displacement mechanism, the anti-deformation boss is arranged on the flange plate, the anti-deformation boss is matched with a cover plate to be welded, and the cover plate to be welded is tightly fixed on the upper end surface of the flange plate by the pressing assembly. The process comprises a preparation step before welding, a pre-welding step, a workpiece fixing step, a welding step and a detection step. The tool is simple in structure and convenient to use. When the tool is used, the flange in the cover plate can be deformed in advance before welding, and after welding is completed, welding thermal shrinkage deformation is offset with the previous predeformation, so that the problem of welding deformation of the cover plate is solved. Meanwhile, the process steps of the invention are clear, and the anti-deformation effect is further ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a reversible deformation tool and a reversible deformation process, in particular to a large-scale equipment supporting end cover plate reversible deformation tool and a reversible deformation process using the same, and belongs to the technical field of machining part treatment.
Background
The equipment support end cover plate, also called as the seal head in the industry, is an essential important part in various large-scale equipment. Taking an mri apparatus used in the medical field as an example, a supporting end cover plate of a large-sized low-temperature superconducting vacuum vessel is required in the assembling and manufacturing process of the apparatus.
In the actual processing process, the large cover plate is easy to generate the welding deformation phenomenon in the welding process. The welding distortion is a phenomenon in which a workpiece to be welded is subjected to an uneven temperature field during welding to change its shape and size. Welding deformation has a great influence on the mounting accuracy of the component structure, and excessive deformation will significantly reduce the load-bearing capacity of the component structure. If the specification of the product is small, the deformation can be controlled and corrected by some simple technical means after the welding deformation. However, for the large-sized cover plate of the above kind, the welding deformation phenomenon is more serious because of large welding workload and unobvious rigid fixing effect, and the deformation directly affects the shape error of the cover plate and the assembly welding and use of subsequent containers, especially the flatness deformation of the cover plate is out of tolerance, and the post-welding mechanical correction and flame correction do not achieve ideal effects and are time-consuming and labor-consuming.
In summary, how to provide a reverse deformation tooling and a corresponding reverse deformation process for a support end cover plate of such large-scale equipment, so as to effectively overcome many problems existing in the prior art and ensure the processing effect of the cover plate, which is a problem to be solved by technical staff in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a large-scale equipment supporting end cover plate anti-deformation tool, which comprises a welding positioner, a pressing component and an anti-deformation boss, wherein the welding positioner comprises an equipment base, a flange plate and a shifting mechanism, the flange plate is movably arranged on the equipment base through the shifting mechanism, the anti-deformation boss is arranged on the flange plate, the anti-deformation boss is matched with a cover plate to be welded, and the cover plate to be welded is tightly fixed on the upper end surface of the flange plate through the pressing component.
Preferably, the position changing mechanism comprises at least one positioning plate, the positioning plate is rotatably connected with the equipment base, the upper end of the positioning plate is movably connected with the lower end face of the flange plate, the flange plate can rotate relative to the positioning plate, the planes of the two side surfaces of the positioning plate are perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the edge of the outer peripheral side of the positioning plate is provided with driving teeth.
Preferably, the shifting mechanism further comprises a driving assembly, the driving assembly comprises a stepping motor and a driving gear, the stepping motor is fixedly arranged on the equipment base, the driving gear is fixedly arranged on an output shaft of the stepping motor, and the driving gear is meshed with the driving gear at the edge position of the outer periphery of the positioning plate.
Preferably, under the driving of the displacement mechanism, the flange plate can complete the tilting motion relative to the horizontal plane, and the tilting range of the flange plate is 0-110 degrees.
Preferably, a sunken circular groove is formed in the center of the flange plate, the anti-deformation boss is arranged in the circular groove, and the shape and the specification of the lower end of the anti-deformation boss are matched with those of the circular groove one by one.
Preferably, the sinking depth of the circular groove is 50 mm-80 mm, and the diameter of the circular groove is 800 mm-1500 mm.
Preferably, a cover plate flange part is arranged at the central position of the cover plate to be welded, and the shape and the specification of the upper end of the reverse deformation boss are matched and corresponding to those of the cover plate flange part one by one.
Preferably, the compressing assembly comprises a plurality of compressing latches and a plurality of latch grooves, the number of the compressing latches is equal to that of the latch grooves, the compressing latches are matched with the latch grooves one by one, the latch grooves are equidistantly arranged at the edge of the outer periphery of the flange plate, the compressing latches are detachably connected with the latch grooves, and the to-be-welded cover plate is tightly attached to the flange plate under the matching action of the compressing latches and the latch grooves.
The invention also discloses a large-scale equipment supporting end cover plate reversible deformation process, which comprises the following steps:
s1, a pre-welding preparation step, namely, checking welding equipment and a welding positioner, and polishing a cover plate to be welded and a cover plate flange sub-piece within a range of 20mm around the part to be welded on the cover plate to be welded and the cover plate flange sub-piece;
s2, a pre-welding step, namely, combining the cover plate to be welded and the cover plate flange sub-piece, and pre-welding the combination position;
s3, fixing a workpiece, namely placing the pre-welded cover plate to be welded at the center of a flange plate on a welding positioner, and installing a pressing component to enable the cover plate to be welded and the flange plate to be tightly attached and fixed, and aligning and positioning a cover plate flange sub-piece and a reversible deformation boss on the welding positioner;
s4, a welding step, namely welding the cover plate to be welded on a cover plate flange sub-piece, controlling a driving assembly on a welding positioner to adjust the inclination angle of a flange plate in the welding process so that a welding seam on the cover plate to be welded always keeps a flat welding position, immediately cooling the cover plate to be welded after the welding processing of one side of the cover plate to be welded is finished, taking the cover plate to be welded off the flange plate after the cooling is finished, replacing one side of the cover plate to be welded, installing the cover plate to be welded on the flange plate again, and then finishing the welding processing and cooling of the other side of the;
and S5, a detection step, namely taking down the cover plate finished product which is welded and cooled from the flange plate, and detecting the cover plate finished product, wherein detection items comprise flatness detection, weld appearance detection and weld surface penetration detection.
Preferably, in the pre-welding step of S2, the welding mode is TIG tack welding; and S4, in the welding step, the welding mode is TIG swing welding.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the anti-deformation tool is simple in structure, compact in design and convenient to use. When the tooling is used, the flange in the cover plate can be deformed in advance before welding, and after welding is completed, welding thermal shrinkage deformation is offset with the previous predeformation, so that the flatness of the whole cover plate is controlled within 5mm, and the problem of welding deformation of the cover plate is solved.
Meanwhile, the reverse deformation process is simple to operate and clear in steps, and the reverse deformation effect is further ensured. All parameters, welding sequence, welding method and the like in the process pass validity verification, the formed welding line is ensured to have good compactness, the formed surface is ensured to be beautiful and flawless, and the yield of processed finished products is improved to the maximum extent.
In addition, the invention also provides reference for other related problems in the same field, can be expanded and extended on the basis of the reference, is applied to other technical schemes of reversible deformation tools and processes in the same field, and has very wide application prospect.
In general, the large-scale equipment supporting end cover plate reversible deformation tool and the reversible deformation process using the tool are excellent in use effect and have high use and popularization values.
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings for the purpose of facilitating understanding and understanding of the technical solutions of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a reversible deformation tool in the invention;
wherein: 1. welding a positioner; 11. an equipment base; 12. a flange plate; 13. positioning a plate; 2. a boss is deformed in a reversible manner; 31. pressing the lock catches; 32. a lock catch groove.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the invention provides a large-scale equipment supporting end cover plate reverse deformation tooling, which comprises a welding positioner 1, a pressing component and a reverse deformation boss 2, wherein the welding positioner 1 comprises an equipment base 11, a flange plate 12 and a shifting mechanism, the flange plate 12 is movably arranged on the equipment base 11 by the aid of the shifting mechanism, the reverse deformation boss 2 is arranged on the flange plate 12, the reverse deformation boss 2 is matched with a cover plate to be welded, and the cover plate to be welded is tightly fixed on the upper end face of the flange plate 12 by the aid of the pressing component.
The shifting mechanism comprises at least one positioning plate 13, in this embodiment, the shifting mechanism comprises two semicircular positioning plates 13, the positioning plate 13 is rotatably connected with the equipment base 11, the upper end of the positioning plate 13 is movably connected with the lower end surface of the flange 12, the flange 12 can rotate relative to the positioning plate 13, the planes of the two side surfaces of the positioning plate 13 are perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the peripheral edge of the positioning plate 13 is provided with driving teeth.
The displacement mechanism further comprises a driving assembly (not shown in the figure), the driving assembly comprises a stepping motor and a driving gear, the stepping motor is fixedly arranged on the equipment base 11, the driving gear is fixedly arranged on an output shaft of the stepping motor, and the driving gear is meshed with driving teeth at the peripheral side edge position of the positioning plate 13.
Under the driving of the displacement mechanism, the flange plate 12 can complete the inclined motion relative to the horizontal plane, and the inclined range of the flange plate 12 is 0-110 degrees.
A sunken circular groove is formed in the center of the flange plate 12, the anti-deformation boss 2 is arranged in the circular groove, and the shape and the specification of the lower end of the anti-deformation boss 2 are matched and corresponding to those of the circular groove one by one.
The sunken depth of the circular groove is 50 mm-80 mm, and the diameter of the circular groove is 800 mm-1500 mm. In this embodiment, the depressed depth of the circular groove is 66mm, and the diameter of the circular groove is 1090 mm.
And a cover plate flange part is arranged at the central position of the cover plate to be welded, and the shape and the specification of the upper end of the anti-deformation boss 2 are matched and corresponding to those of the cover plate flange part one by one.
The pressing assembly comprises a plurality of pressing lock catches 31 and a plurality of lock catch grooves 32, the number of the pressing lock catches 31 is equal to that of the lock catch grooves 32, the pressing lock catches 31 are matched with the lock catch grooves 32 one by one, the lock catch grooves 32 are arranged at the edge of the outer peripheral side of the flange plate 12 in an equidistant mode, the pressing lock catches 31 are detachably connected with the lock catch grooves 32, and the cover plate to be welded is tightly attached to the flange plate 12 under the matching effect of the pressing lock catches 31 and the lock catch grooves 32. In this embodiment, the number of the pressing latches 31 and the latch grooves 32 is eight, and the pressing latches and the latch grooves are distributed at equal intervals. The bolt used in the press-lock 31 is preferably an M20 bolt.
The anti-deformation tool is simple in structure, compact in design and convenient to use. When the tooling is used, the flange in the cover plate can be deformed in advance before welding, and after welding is completed, welding thermal shrinkage deformation is offset with the previous predeformation, so that the flatness of the whole cover plate is controlled within 5mm, and the problem of welding deformation of the cover plate is solved.
The invention also discloses a large-scale equipment supporting end cover plate reversible deformation process, which comprises the following steps:
s1, a pre-welding preparation step, checking the TIG welding machine and the welding positioner 1, and confirming that the equipment works normally. Preparing TIG welding wires, preferably AWS A5.9 ER308L phi 2.0, AWS A5.9 ER309L and phi 2.0/phi 2.4, and preparing shielding gas, namely Ar with the purity of 99.99%. And then, polishing the cover plate to be welded and the cover plate flange sub-piece within a range of 20mm at the position to be welded and the area around the position to be welded on the cover plate to be welded and the cover plate flange sub-piece.
And S2, a pre-welding step, namely, performing gapless combination on the cover plate to be welded and the cover plate flange sub-piece, and performing pre-welding on the combination position. In this step, the welding mode is TIG tack welding.
Specifically, TIG positioning welding is carried out on the outer periphery of a cover plate to be welded, AWS A5.9, ER309L and phi 2.0 are selected as welding wires, the welding wires are aligned to the 6-point position of a splicing position to be welded, the welding current is 210-230A, and the welding voltage is 11-15V; the air flow is 10-15L/min. When the inner circumference of the cover plate to be welded is welded, AWS A5.9, ER308L and phi 2.0, welding current of 270-280A, welding voltage of 12-14V, direct current positive connection and gas flow of 10-15L/min are selected as welding wires. The length of the welding bead is 10-25 mm, and the distance is 100-250 mm.
S3, fixing the processed parts, namely, placing the pre-welded cover plate to be welded at the center of the flange plate 12 on the welding positioner 1, and installing a pressing component to enable the cover plate to be welded and the flange plate 12 to be tightly attached and fixed, and aligning and positioning the flange sub-parts of the cover plate and the reversible deformation boss 2 on the welding positioner 1.
And S4, welding the cover plate to be welded on the flange of the cover plate, controlling the driving component on the welding positioner 1 to adjust the inclination angle of the flange 12 in the welding process so that the welding seam on the cover plate to be welded always keeps a flat welding position, cooling immediately after the welding processing of one side of the cover plate to be welded is finished, taking down the cover plate to be welded from the flange 12 after the cooling is finished, replacing one side of the cover plate to be welded and installing the cover plate to be welded on the flange 12 again, and then finishing the welding processing and cooling of the other side of the cover plate to be welded. In this step, the welding mode is TIG swing welding.
Specifically, backing welding TIG swing welding is carried out on the periphery of a cover plate to be welded, AWS A5.9, ER309L, phi 2.0, current 210-230A and voltage 10-13V are selected as welding wires. Direct current is direct current, and the air flow is 10-15L/min.
And then performing facing TIG swing welding on the outer peripheral ring of the cover plate to be welded, and removing the interlayer oxide layer by using a stainless steel wire brush before welding by adopting TIG welding. The welding wire is selected from AWS, A5.9, ER309L and phi 2.4, the welding current is 210-230A, and the welding voltage is 12-15V. Direct current is direct current, and the air flow is 10-15L/min.
The welding seam has the requirement of air tightness, special attention needs to be paid, the stainless steel wire brush is used for cleaning the interlayer, the interlayer temperature is controlled within 180 ℃, and the swinging tungsten needle cannot touch the parent metal.
And after adjustment and secondary installation, welding the inner circumference of the cover plate to be welded, and adopting TIG swing two-layer welding. Welding wires AWS A5.9, ER308L and phi 2.0, welding current of a bottoming layer 270-280A, welding voltage of 12-14V, welding current of a covering layer 220-240A and welding voltage of 12-14V. Direct current is direct current, and the air flow is 8-12L/min. Again, this weld has a hermetic seal requirement, as noted above.
And S5, a detection step, namely taking the cover plate finished product which is welded and cooled down off from the flange plate 12, and detecting the cover plate finished product, wherein the detection items comprise flatness detection, weld appearance detection and weld surface penetration detection. In this embodiment, the flatness before machining is required to be controlled within 5 mm.
The reverse deformation process is simple to operate and clear in steps, and the reverse deformation effect is further ensured. All parameters, welding sequence, welding method and the like in the process pass validity verification, the formed welding line is ensured to have good compactness, the formed surface is ensured to be beautiful and flawless, and the yield of processed finished products is improved to the maximum extent.
In general, the large-scale equipment supporting end cover plate reversible deformation tool and the reversible deformation process using the tool are excellent in use effect and high in use value. In addition, the invention also provides reference for other related problems in the same field, can be expanded and extended on the basis of the reference, is applied to other technical schemes of reversible deformation tools and processes in the same field, and has high popularization value.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein, and any reference signs in the claims are not intended to be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (1)
1. The large equipment supporting end cover plate reversible deformation process is characterized in that a large equipment supporting end cover plate reversible deformation tool is used;
the tool comprises a welding positioner (1), a pressing assembly and a reverse deformation boss (2), wherein the welding positioner (1) comprises an equipment base (11), a flange plate (12) and a displacement mechanism, the flange plate (12) is movably arranged on the equipment base (11) by means of the displacement mechanism, the reverse deformation boss (2) is arranged on the flange plate (12), the reverse deformation boss (2) is matched with a cover plate to be welded, and the cover plate to be welded is tightly fixed on the upper end surface of the flange plate (12) by means of the pressing assembly;
the position changing mechanism comprises at least one positioning plate (13), the positioning plate (13) is rotatably connected with an equipment base (11), the upper end of the positioning plate (13) is movably connected with the lower end face of the flange plate (12), the flange plate (12) can rotate relative to the positioning plate (13), the planes of the two side surfaces of the positioning plate (13) are vertical to the horizontal plane, and the edge position of the outer peripheral side of the positioning plate (13) is provided with driving teeth;
the position changing mechanism further comprises a driving assembly, the driving assembly comprises a stepping motor and a driving gear, the stepping motor is fixedly arranged on the equipment base (11), the driving gear is fixedly arranged on an output shaft of the stepping motor, and the driving gear is meshed with driving teeth at the peripheral edge of the positioning plate (13);
under the driving of the displacement mechanism, the flange plate (12) can complete the inclined motion relative to the horizontal plane, and the inclination range of the flange plate (12) is 0-110 degrees;
a sunken circular groove is formed in the center of the flange plate (12), the anti-deformation boss (2) is arranged in the circular groove, and the shape and the specification of the lower end of the anti-deformation boss (2) are matched and corresponding to those of the circular groove one by one;
the sinking depth of the circular groove is 50 mm-80 mm, and the diameter of the circular groove is 800 mm-1500 mm;
a cover plate flange part is arranged at the central position of the cover plate to be welded, and the shape and the specification of the upper end of the reverse deformation boss (2) are matched and corresponding to the shape and the specification of the cover plate flange part one by one;
the pressing assembly comprises a plurality of pressing lock catches (31) and a plurality of lock catch grooves (32), the number of the pressing lock catches (31) is equal to that of the lock catch grooves (32), the pressing lock catches (31) are matched with the lock catch grooves (32) one by one, the lock catch grooves (32) are arranged at the edge position of the outer periphery of the flange plate (12) at equal intervals, the pressing lock catches (31) are detachably connected with the lock catch grooves (32), and the cover plate to be welded is tightly attached to the flange plate (12) under the matching action of the pressing lock catches (31) and the lock catch grooves (32);
the process comprises the following steps:
s1, a pre-welding preparation step, namely, checking welding equipment and a welding positioner (1), and polishing a cover plate to be welded and a cover plate flange sub-piece within a range of 20mm at the position to be welded and the periphery of the position to be welded on the cover plate to be welded and the cover plate flange sub-piece;
s2, a pre-welding step, namely, combining the cover plate to be welded and the cover plate flange sub-piece, and pre-welding the combination position; s2, in the pre-welding step, the welding mode is TIG (tungsten inert gas) positioning welding;
s3, fixing a machined part, namely placing a to-be-welded cover plate which is pre-welded at the center of a flange plate (12) on a welding positioner (1), installing a pressing component, enabling the to-be-welded cover plate to be tightly attached and fixed with the flange plate (12), and aligning and positioning a cover plate flange sub-part with a reversible deformation boss (2) on the welding positioner (1);
s4, a welding step, namely welding the cover plate to be welded on a cover plate flange sub-piece, controlling a driving assembly on a welding positioner (1) to adjust the inclination angle of a flange (12) in the welding process so that a welding seam on the cover plate to be welded always keeps a flat welding position, cooling the cover plate to be welded after the welding process of one side of the cover plate to be welded is completed, taking down the cover plate to be welded from the flange (12) after the cooling is completed, replacing one side of the cover plate to be welded and installing the cover plate to be welded on the flange (12) again, and then completing the welding process and cooling of the other side of the cover plate to; s4, in the welding step, the welding mode is TIG swing welding;
and S5, a detection step, namely taking down the cover plate finished product which is welded and cooled from the flange plate (12), and detecting the cover plate finished product, wherein the detection items comprise flatness detection, weld appearance detection and weld surface penetration detection.
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| CN201811247052.3A CN109434348B (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2018-10-25 | Large-scale equipment supporting end cover plate reverse deformation tool and reverse deformation process |
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| CN201811247052.3A CN109434348B (en) | 2018-10-25 | 2018-10-25 | Large-scale equipment supporting end cover plate reverse deformation tool and reverse deformation process |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112108770A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-12-22 | 沈阳富创精密设备有限公司 | Combined process method for reducing welding deformation of stainless steel part |
| CN113732547B (en) * | 2021-09-17 | 2022-09-02 | 中船黄埔文冲船舶有限公司 | Transition seat welding method |
| CN114248947A (en) * | 2021-11-26 | 2022-03-29 | 成都飞机工业（集团）有限责任公司 | Reversible deformation assembly method for weak-rigidity composite material part |
| CN114850759B (en) * | 2022-05-12 | 2023-10-13 | 盈合(深圳)机器人与自动化科技有限公司 | Welding clamping fixing device |
| CN115255796B (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2024-06-11 | 中国第一汽车股份有限公司 | Full-welding device and welding method for catalyst matched with automatic welding robot |
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| CN109434348A (en) | 2019-03-08 |
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