CN109433192B - Noble metal monoatomic dispersion type purification catalyst and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Noble metal monoatomic dispersion type purification catalyst and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/42—Platinum
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
- B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
- B01J23/44—Palladium
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- B01J35/23—
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- B01J35/393—
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- B01J35/399—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/031—Precipitation
- B01J37/033—Using Hydrolysis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/03—Precipitation; Co-precipitation
- B01J37/031—Precipitation
- B01J37/035—Precipitation on carriers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
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Abstract
The invention relates to a noble metal monoatomic dispersion type purification catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The catalyst comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 97-99.99% of nano metal oxide carrier and 0.01-3% of noble metal. The method comprises the following steps: taking a nano metal oxide carrier, dispersing the nano metal oxide carrier in a noble metal salt solution to form a mixed solution, taking an ammonium salt solution, and generating a precursor with noble metal loaded on the surface of the carrier by adopting a coprecipitation method; and mixing the precursor and the metal powder in a mass ratio of 1 to (1-100), calcining to generate a heat-treated precursor, washing and drying to obtain the noble metal monoatomic dispersion type purification catalyst. The noble metal in the catalyst prepared by the method is in a monoatomic dispersion type, the method has low processing cost and simple preparation process, and the catalyst is H2The method has high removal rate and extremely high stability, can keep continuous use for 60 hours without inactivation, and has small CO loss.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of catalyst preparation, and particularly relates to a catalyst capable of being stably used for removing H in high-concentration CO gas2The active substance is a high-load noble metal such as Pt, Pd and the like which are dispersed by single atoms, and the carrier is TiO2、Al2O3And a preparation method of the transition metal oxide catalyst material.
Background art:
the ethylene glycol is mainly used for producing polyethylene terephthalate (PET), an antifreezing agent, Unsaturated Polyester Resin (UPR), a lubricant, a plasticizer, a nonionic surfactant, an explosive and the like, has wide application range, and is an important part of a polyester industrial chain. At present, the global ethylene glycol has various production processes, and the production process can be divided into two types according to the difference of production raw materials, namely ethylene preparation and coal-based synthetic gas oxalate preparation, wherein the ethylene preparation can be divided into naphtha cracking ethylene preparation, ethane cracking ethylene preparation (petroleum associated gas and shale gas) and coal-based methanol preparation ethylene preparation according to the difference of ethylene sources, and the coal-based oxalate preparation is mostly used in China at present. In China, the import quantity of ethylene glycol is large, and the external dependence is high. By 2016, China has about 824 ten thousand tons of ethylene glycol capacity and 528 ten thousand tons of ethylene glycol, wherein the amount of ethylene glycol produced by coal is about 95 ten thousand tons, the import quantity is 757 ten thousand tons, and the import dependence is as high as 59%. The method has good development prospect for preparing the ethylene glycol from the coal-based oxalate by combining the national conditions of China, the world energy demand, the production cost, the environmental protection and other factors.
The main process for preparing the ethylene glycol from the coal-based oxalate comprises the steps of obtaining synthesis gas by taking coal as a raw material, and then separating and purifying to obtain CO and H2Wherein CO is synthesized into oxalate through catalytic coupling and then is reacted with H2The ethylene glycol is prepared by hydrogenation reaction, and other by-products with economic value, such as oxalic acid, oxamide, dimethyl carbonate and the like, can be obtained by the method. The process has short flow, few intermediate links and low cost, and is a technology for preparing ethylene glycol from coal with the highest domestic attention. The use of extremely high purity CO is one of the key steps in the preparation of oxalate in the technology, which is beneficial to reducing the side reaction in the carbonylation reaction, increasing the purity of dimethyl oxalate and ethylene glycol and reducing the loss of an important intermediate methyl nitrite, thereby reducing the unit consumption of the production of ethylene glycol. However, the methods for separating and purifying synthesis gas in the industry at present mainly include cryogenic evaporation and Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA). The purity of CO prepared by the PSA method is higher than that of CO prepared by a cryogenic evaporation method, and the highest purity can reach 99.5%. The CO gas obtained by the cryogenic evaporation or pressure swing adsorption method contains a certain amount of H2The content can reach 10 according to different separation processes2～104ppm (wt.%). These minute amounts of H2Can react with methyl nitrite to form a byproduct, and obviously influences the production cost of ethylene glycol. At present, the dehydrogenation catalyst used for the back end of PSA-CO separation gas is mainly Pd/Pt-MOxa/Si (i.e., noble metal palladium/platinum nanoparticles supported on transition metal oxide/silicon particles) supported catalyst. Because CO can be adsorbed on the surfaces of Pd and Pt particles to form a CO poisoning phenomenon of the catalyst, the general dehydrogenation catalysts have the defects of low dehydrogenation activity and poor stability in the reaction background. In the industrial production process, the catalyst needs to be frequently replaced or regenerated in situ, and the cost is high. From another perspective, these dehydrogenation catalysts also catalyze the oxidation of CO to some extentResulting in the loss of CO raw material gas and further increasing the production cost.
The method comprises the in-situ regeneration method of the deactivated Pd catalyst for CO dehydrogenation and purification in the prior art, and comprises the following specific steps: introduction of N2Purging to remove adsorbates on the surface of the catalyst; introduction of O2Oxidizing the agglomerated Pd on the surface of the catalyst; introducing HCl or Cl2Redispersing the active ingredient; introduction of H2And (5) carrying out dechlorination treatment by reduction to complete regeneration. The regeneration process takes place in situ in the dehydrogenation reaction device, and no additional device is required to be built. The catalyst after regeneration treatment has obviously raised Pd metal dispersivity and catalytic effect, and its selectivity can be restored to over 80% of that of fresh catalyst, and H2Can be removed to below 100 ppm. The regeneration method is mainly applied to the industrial CO gas dehydrogenation purification process.
In addition, a catalyst for CO dehydrogenation fluidized bed reaction, a preparation method thereof and an application process of the catalyst in a fluidized bed. The chemical formula of the catalyst provided by the invention is PdO/Al2O3Wherein PdO is an active component, Pd accounts for 0.05-3.0% of the catalyst by mass, and Al2O3Is a carrier, is spherical particles with the diameter of 0.5-2.5 mm, and has the specific surface area of 200-400 m2The specific weight ratio of the carbon fiber to the carbon fiber is/g, the bulk density is 0.5-0.9 g/ml, the compressive strength is more than or equal to 50N/particle, and the mass abrasion loss is less than or equal to 0.4%. The catalyst is used in the reaction process of a CO dehydrogenation fluidized bed, and can be used for removing a small amount of H in CO raw material gas2Removing the waste liquid to below 50 ppm.
The catalyst also discloses a catalyst which takes mesoporous silicon material as a carrier, platinum as a catalyst, IVA group metal as a first auxiliary agent and Al as a second auxiliary agent; the loading amount of the platinum element is 0.5-5%, the loading amount of the IVA group metal is 1-10%, the loading amount of the Al is 0.1-1%, and the percentage is weight percentage and is calculated by taking the weight of the mesoporous silicon material as 100%.
There are many similar catalyst preparation or regeneration techniques, but these methods are complex in process, relatively harsh in reaction conditions, relatively complicated in production and operation processes, and relatively high in cost, and are not suitable for large-scale industrial production. In particular, these noble metal catalysts are all nanoparticles, which are not conducive to reducing the amount of noble metal used. Therefore, the method is limited to some extent in practical application.
The invention content is as follows:
the invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a catalyst with an active substance of high-load monoatomic dispersed precious metal such as Pt, Pd and the like and a carrier of TiO2、Al2O3A noble metal monoatomic dispersing type purifying catalyst of transition metal oxide and a preparation method thereof. The monoatomic dispersion referred to in the present invention means that the supported Pt/Pd noble metal atoms are supported all around without bonding of the same kind of atoms. The catalyst prepared by the invention has low processing cost, simple preparation process and H2The removal rate is high. Experiments prove that the catalyst has the most outstanding characteristics of extremely high stability, capability of keeping continuous use for 60 hours without inactivation and small loss of CO.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a noble metal monoatomic dispersion type purification catalyst comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 97-99.99% of nano metal oxide carrier and 0.01-3% of noble metal.
The noble metal monoatomic dispersion type purification catalyst can be used in the field of chemical production, and particularly used for removing H from high-concentration CO gas in the industries of preparing ethylene glycol from coal through an oxalate route and preparing high-purity CO2。
The nano metal oxide carrier is TiO2、Al2O3Or ZrO2When the mixture is a mixture of a plurality of kinds, the mixing proportion is any ratio.
The nano metal oxide carrier is free of a second auxiliary agent, and is granular, and the particle size of the carrier is 1-500 nm.
The noble metal is nano Pd and/or Pt, and when the noble metal and the Pt are mixed, the mixing ratio is any ratio.
In the catalyst, the noble metal is in a monoatomic dispersion state in the carrier.
The preparation method of the noble metal monoatomic dispersion type purification catalyst comprises the following steps:
(1) taking a nano metal oxide carrier, and dispersing the nano metal oxide carrier in a noble metal salt solution to form a mixed solution, wherein the mass ratio of the nano metal oxide carrier in the mixed solution is 1-50%;
(2) according to the mass ratio, slowly adding the ammonium salt solution into the mixed solution, and generating a precursor with noble metal loaded on the surface of the carrier by adopting a coprecipitation method, wherein the mixed solution and the ammonium salt solution are 0.01-100;
(3) mixing the precursor and the metal powder in a mass ratio of 1: 1 (1-100), and calcining to generate a heat-treated precursor;
(4) and washing and drying the precursor after heat treatment to obtain the noble metal monoatomic dispersion type purification catalyst.
In the step (1), the nano metal oxide carrier comprises nano TiO2/Al2O3/ZrO2And the like, and the preparation method thereof comprises but is not limited to hydrolysis method, pyrolysis method, coprecipitation method, hydrothermal method, ball milling method and the like.
In the step (1), the concentration of the noble metal salt solution is 1 mM-1M, the concentration of the ammonium salt solution is 1 mM-10M, and the pH of the ammonium salt solution is adjusted to 7-12 by hydrochloric acid for use.
In the step (3), the metal powder is Fe/Al/Ni/Co/Ti micron or nanometer powder, and the metal powder is sieved by a 200-mesh sieve.
In the step (3), the mixing mode of the precursor and the metal powder is as follows: mixing by using a shaking table, a stirrer and the like.
In the step (3), the calcination operation is carried out in a vacuum tube furnace, the calcination temperature is 200-500 ℃, the calcination time is 0.25-5H, the calcination atmosphere is vacuum, and the atmosphere is argon and 10% H2An atmosphere containing no oxygen, such as an/Ar mixed gas or a pure hydrogen atmosphere.
In the step (4), the precursor after heat treatment is washed by aqua regia or cyanide, the concentration of the cyanide is 1 mM-10M, continuous or multiple times of washing can be used until the washing liquid does not contain noble metal atoms, and the solution after washing can be recycled.
The preparation method of the catalyst material is a combination of a coprecipitation method and a heat treatment method.
The precursor of the supported catalyst of the carrier of the metal oxide loaded with the noble metal adopts a coprecipitation method. The specific principle of the coprecipitation method is as follows: when the solution contains two or more kinds of cations which exist in the solution in a homogeneous phase, a precipitant is added to the solution, and uniform precipitation of various components can be obtained after precipitation reaction. It is an important method for preparing composite oxide superfine powder containing two or more than two metal elements. The coprecipitation method has the advantages that: one is to directly obtain nano powder material with uniform chemical components through various chemical reactions in the solution, and the other is to easily prepare nano powder material with small granularity and uniform distribution. After the precipitate is dried and calcined, a supported precursor with noble metal supported on the surface of metal oxide can be obtained.
The heat treatment principle of the invention is as follows: when metal powder and a precursor of which the noble metal is loaded on the surface of a metal oxide carrier are uniformly mixed and put into an inert or reducing atmosphere for calcination, pure metal has a strong tendency of obtaining oxygen at high temperature, and the atmosphere does not contain oxygen. Therefore, the metal powder tends to deprive a certain amount of oxygen from the oxide support, resulting in an increase in the concentration of oxygen vacancies on the oxide support; meanwhile, the noble metal supported on the oxide undergoes an austenite ripening phenomenon, that is, noble metal particles grow up, at a high temperature due to the effect of thermal diffusion. However, during the austenite ripening process, the growth and transfer of the noble metal on the oxide surface occurs in the form of diffusion of atoms in the oxide lattice. Oxygen vacancies in the oxide lattice have a strong ability to set atoms. Therefore, part of the noble metal atoms are riveted by a large number of oxygen vacancies. After the heat treatment is completed, the noble metal in the nanoparticle state is washed away by using a aqua regia/cyanide solution or the like, and the noble metal in the monoatomic dispersion cannot be washed away by the aqua regia/cyanide due to the extremely high thermodynamic stability. Then methanol or water is used to separate the metal oxide from the metal powder. Thus obtaining the atom dispersed noble metal/oxide type CO dehydrogenation purification catalyst material.
The invention prepares the atomic dispersion noble metal/oxide type CO dehydrogenation purification catalyst material by a combined process of a coprecipitation method and a heat treatment method.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the problem of poor service stability of CO dehydrogenation purification catalyst materials in the prior art is generally solved. The fundamental reason is that the catalyst is poisoned by CO due to various active site structures and certain adsorption effect on CO, so that the catalyst is inactivated; the active site of the noble metal monoatomic dispersion type purification catalyst prepared by the invention is the noble metal with monoatomic dispersion, so the structure is single. The adsorption strength of CO on the monatomic Pt-oxide interface is weaker, so that the CO resistance of the catalyst material can be greatly improved, and the service stability of the dehydrogenation catalyst is greatly improved.
2) The noble metal monoatomic dispersion type purification catalyst prepared by the invention is poor in performance of catalyzing carbon monoxide oxidation when used for CO dehydrogenation purification, so that the unit consumption of CO in the industrial production process is reduced, and the production cost is reduced.
3) The noble metal in the catalyst prepared by the invention is in a monoatomic dispersion state, and the atom utilization rate is 100%. The waste liquid formed after the nano-granular noble metal is removed by washing can also be concentrated, recovered and reused by a simpler method. Therefore, the noble metal monoatomic dispersion type purification catalyst provided by the invention not only has good dehydrogenation performance, but also greatly reduces the use amount of noble metals and reduces the cost of industrial production.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows the precursor prepared in example 2 (2% Pt nanoparticles supported on TiO)2Surface) STEM photographs;
FIG. 2 shows the precursor prepared in example 2 (2% Pt nanoparticles supported on TiO)2Surface) is calcined by mixed metal powder, and the grain size distribution rule of Pt grains and an FE-STEM photo are obtained before aqua regia is used for washing;
FIG. 3 is a single atom of a noble metal prepared in example 2Dispersed Pt/TiO2An AC-STEM-HAADF photograph of the purified catalyst, wherein the circles and boxes are marked as monatomic Pt;
FIG. 4 shows noble metal monoatomic dispersion type Pt/TiO compounds prepared in examples 1 to 22Purification catalyst and pure TiO2Fine XRD pattern of;
FIG. 5 shows noble metal monoatomic dispersion type Pt/TiO compounds prepared in examples 1 to 22The SXAS pattern of the purified catalyst and the control 2 is combined with the XRD pattern and the AC-STEM picture, and we can know that Pt on the catalyst is in monoatomic dispersion;
FIG. 6 shows noble metal monoatomic dispersion type Pt/TiO compounds prepared in examples 1 to 22Purification catalyst, control 2 and pure TiO2XPS spectra of (a);
FIG. 7 shows noble metal monoatomic dispersion type Pt/TiO compounds prepared in examples 1 to 22Before and after calcining the purification catalyst in the air, and temperature-conversion rate curves of the reference sample 1 and the reference sample 2 in the CO catalytic oxidation reaction, specifically in a pure CO environment;
FIG. 8 shows a diagram of a noble metal monoatomic dispersion type Pt/TiO prepared in example 22Temperature-conversion rate curve of the purification catalyst and the comparison sample 2 in the hydrogen catalytic combustion reaction in CO gas flow, specifically the CO is doped with 1% H2In the environment of (2);
FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a noble metal monoatomic dispersion type Pt/TiO prepared in example 22Stability curve of hydrogen catalyzed combustion reaction of clean-up catalyst with control 2 in CO gas stream, wherein:
noble Metal monoatomic Dispersion type Pt/TiO prepared in example 12The Pt loading of the purification catalyst is 0.1 percent and is 0.1 percent of SACs;
noble Metal monoatomic Dispersion type Pt/TiO prepared in example 22The Pt loading of the purification catalyst is 0.5 percent and is 0.5 percent of SACs;
the specific implementation mode is as follows:
the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings.
In the embodiment, the nano metal oxide carrier is TiO self-made by adopting the prior art2The carrier or the P25 carrier, aqua regia, sodium cyanide water solution and the like which are purchased from the market are all purchased from the market;
the present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
A noble metal monoatomic dispersion type purification catalyst comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 99.9% TiO2Carrier and 0.1% Pt for removing H from high-concentration CO gas2Wherein, TiO2The size of the carrier particle is 20-30 nm, and in the catalyst, Pt is in TiO2The carrier is in a monoatomic dispersion state.
The preparation method of the noble metal monoatomic dispersion type purification catalyst comprises the following steps:
in a vacuum glove box, 136.12g of tetrabutyl titanate were weighed and diluted to 200mL with absolute ethanol. 0.2g of chloroplatinic acid (molecular formula H) was weighed2PtCl6·6H2O), dissolved in the ethanol solution with magnetic stirring (hereinafter, this solution is referred to as a0 solution). 200mL of 0.1M ammonium carbonate solution was prepared, and the pH was adjusted to 8 using a trace amount of hydrochloric acid (hereinafter, this solution is referred to as B0 solution). The A0 solution was stirred and incubated in a 60 deg.C water bath. The B0 solution was then added slowly to the A0 solution and, after stirring for 1h was continued and the temperature was raised to 80 ℃ until no more precipitate formed in the solution. After the A0 solution is evaporated to dryness, collecting and drying the powder to obtain Pt supported on TiO in the form of nanoparticles2Precursor powder on the surface of the carrier is finally evenly mixed with titanium powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 5, the mixture is placed in a vacuum tube furnace with Ar atmosphere for calcination for 5 hours at 400 ℃, the calcination product is washed with aqua regia for 24 hours each time and three times, and then the calcination product is collected and dried to prepare the precious goldBelongs to a monoatomic dispersion type Pt/TiO2The catalyst was purified, and the amount of platinum supported in the catalyst was 0.1%.
Example 2
A noble metal monoatomic dispersion type purification catalyst comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 99.5% TiO2Carrier and 0.5% Pt for removing H from high-concentration CO gas2Wherein, TiO2The size of the carrier particle is 20-30 nm, and in the catalyst, Pt is in TiO2The carrier is in a monoatomic dispersion state.
The preparation method of the noble metal monoatomic dispersion type purification catalyst comprises the following steps:
in a vacuum glove box, 136.12g of tetrabutyl titanate were weighed and diluted to 200mL with absolute ethanol. Weighing 1g of chloroplatinic acid (molecular formula is H)2PtCl6·6H2O), dissolved in the ethanol solution (hereinafter, the solution is referred to as a solution a) with magnetic stirring. 200mL of 0.1M ammonium carbonate solution was prepared, and the pH was adjusted to 8 using a trace amount of hydrochloric acid (this solution is hereinafter referred to as solution B). The solution A is stirred and kept warm in a water bath kettle at 60 ℃. Then the solution B was slowly added to the solution A, and after stirring for 1h the temperature was raised to 80 ℃ until no more precipitate formed in the solution. After the solution A is evaporated to dryness, collecting and drying the powder to obtain Pt supported on TiO in the form of nano particles2Precursor powder on the surface of the carrier, wherein the Pt loading amount in the precursor powder is 2%, the STEM photo of the precursor is shown in figure 1, finally, the precursor powder and titanium powder are uniformly mixed according to the mass ratio of 1: 5, the mixture is placed in a vacuum tube furnace in Ar atmosphere for calcining for 5 hours at 400 ℃, the particle size distribution rule of Pt particles and the FE-STEM photo are shown in figure 2, then, the calcined product is treated with aqua regia for 24 hours each time, after three times of acid pickling, the calcined product can be collected and dried, and the noble metal single atom dispersion type Pt/TiO is prepared2A catalyst was purified with a platinum loading of 0.5%, and the photograph of AC-STEM-HAADF is shown in FIG. 3, in which the circles and boxes indicate monoatomic Pt, and it was found that Pt atoms are monoatomic and Pt is monoatomic and dispersed in anatase TiO2A surface;
The noble metal monoatomic dispersion Pt/TiO prepared in examples 1 and 2 was taken2The clean-up catalyst and the above control were subjected to relevant comparative experiments and the following conclusions were drawn:
precursor prepared in example 2 (2% of nano-particle Pt supported on TiO)2Surface) STEM photograph is shown in figure 1, and shows different brightness in STEM dark field mode due to the larger atomic number difference between Pt and Ti, wherein white bright spot area represents Pt, and gray area represents TiO2The black area is the background; as is apparent from FIG. 1, in the precursor, metal Pt is supported on TiO in the form of nanoparticles2The Pt nanoparticles are mainly distributed on the surface of the carrier in the size of 2-3 nm (as shown in figure 2), and TiO2The particle diameter is about 15 to 20 nm. FIG. 4 shows this TiO2The crystal form of (A) is anatase type.
FIG. 3 shows a noble metal monoatomic dispersion type Pt/TiO compound prepared in example 22According to the AC-STEM-HAADF photo of the purified catalyst, when titanium powder and a precursor are uniformly mixed and then calcined for 5 hours in Ar atmosphere, then aqua regia is used for washing the precursor of the catalyst for multiple times and separating to remove the titanium powder, and TiO is used for observing in a common field emission transmission electron microscope2Pt particles on the surface of the support are not visible; when these samples were observed using a transmission electron microscope with spherical aberration correction, the Pt element was embedded in the TiO in a monoatomic dispersion2In the crystal lattice; FIG. 2 shows that after calcination in the atmosphere of doped titanium powder Ar, part of Pt particles in the precursor grow in size; by combining the attached FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, we can estimate TiO by counting the amount and size of Pt particles in the same area2And a part of Pt monoatomic atoms which cannot be observed by a common field emission transmission electron microscope exist on the surface of the carrier.
FIG. 4 shows noble metal monoatomic dispersion type Pt/TiO compounds prepared in examples 1 to 22Purification catalyst and pure TiO2Fine XRD pattern of; since the element content of Pt is low, peaks of platinum metal or compounds thereof are not detected by XRD. However, we can compare the internal lattice stress of the support and know that part of TiO is in the internal lattice stress2The crystal lattice is subjected to substitutional doping, and the crystal face constant is slightly shrunk.
FIG. 5 shows noble metal monoatomic dispersion type Pt/TiO compounds prepared in examples 1 to 22The SXAS spectra of the purified catalyst and the control sample 2 adopt synchrotron radiation X-rays with high brightness, high energy and high monochromaticity to characterize the distribution condition of Pt element in the catalyst macroscopically, and the combination of the XRD spectra and the AC-STEM photographs further proves that the noble metal monoatomic dispersion type Pt/TiO prepared by doping titanium powder, calcining the mixture for 5 hours at the temperature of 400 ℃ in Ar atmosphere and acid-washing aqua regia2The Pt element in the clean-up catalyst sample was monoatomic.
FIG. 6 shows noble metal monoatomic dispersion type Pt/TiO compounds prepared in examples 1 to 22Purification catalyst, control 2 and pure TiO2The XPS spectrum of (A) shows that the element Pt of the monatomic sample prepared in the embodiment 1-2 carries a certain positive charge, and the combination of the XPS spectrum and the figure 2-5 further proves that the Pt is in monatomic dispersion;
FIG. 7 shows noble metal monoatomic dispersion type Pt/TiO compounds prepared in examples 1 to 22Temperature-conversion rate curves for control 1 and control 2 before and after calcination of the clean-up catalyst in air in the catalytic CO oxidation reaction. It shows that the sample prepared in example 2 with a loading of 0.5% and with a monoatomic distribution of Pt is almost unable to catalyze CO oxidation. The conversion rate is less than 5% at a lower temperature (60-100 ℃). This characteristic is advantageous for the application in the dehydrogenation and purification of CO, i.e. CO is not removed at the same time of dehydrogenation, which causes CO loss.
FIG. 8 shows a single-atom dispersion of Pt/TiO with noble metal prepared in example 22Temperature-conversion rate curves for the hydrogen catalyzed combustion reaction of the clean-up catalyst with control 2 in a CO gas stream. It is fully demonstrated that the monoatomic Pt/TiO dispersion prepared in example 22The catalyst is provided withGood performance of catalyzing hydrogen combustion. All hydrogen can be catalytically oxidized at about 100 ℃, and the conversion rate of CO is only 1-2%.
FIG. 9 shows a diagram of a noble metal monoatomic dispersion type Pt/TiO prepared in example 22Stability curve of hydrogen catalyzed combustion reaction of clean-up catalyst with control 2 in CO gas stream. Through 60h continuous catalytic oxidation experiments in high-concentration CO gas flow, the monatomic catalyst shows excellent dehydrogenation stability of the CO gas flow, and almost no loss of the catalyst activity is caused through 60h reaction. For comparison, control 2 nanoparticles were supported on TiO2The catalyst also has certain CO dehydrogenation purification capacity, but has larger CO unit consumption and poorer stability, and is quickly deactivated. After 60h, the inactivation was almost complete. The above experimental data fully demonstrate the superiority of the monoatomic dispersion catalyst for the catalytic properties of dehydrogenation purification process in CO gas stream.
Example 3
A noble metal monoatomic dispersion type purification catalyst comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 98.2% TiO2Carrier and 1.8% Pd for removing H from high-concentration CO gas2Wherein, TiO2The size of the carrier particle is 20-30 nm, and Pd in the catalyst is in TiO2The carrier is in a monoatomic dispersion state.
The preparation method of the noble metal monoatomic dispersion type purification catalyst comprises the following steps:
in a vacuum glove box, 85.08g of tetrabutyl titanate is weighed, the tetrabutyl titanate is diluted to 200mL by absolute ethyl alcohol, and 1g of palladium tetrachloride (molecular formula is PdCl) is weighed4) The solution was dissolved in the ethanol solution by magnetic stirring (hereinafter, the solution is referred to as A2 solution).
200mL of 0.1M ammonium carbonate solution was prepared, and the pH was adjusted to 8 using a trace amount of hydrochloric acid (hereinafter, this solution is referred to as B2 solution). The A2 solution was stirred and incubated in a 60 deg.C water bath. The solution of B2 was then added slowly to the solution of a and, after stirring for 1h was continued, the temperature was raised to 80 ℃ until no more precipitate formed in the solution. After the solution A is evaporated to dryness, the powder can be collected and dried to obtain Pd supported on TiO in the form of nano particles2Front of the carrier surfaceAnd (3) driving body powder, finally uniformly mixing the precursor powder and titanium powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 10, and calcining for 5 hours at 400 ℃ in a vacuum tube furnace in Ar atmosphere. After the aqua regia is pickled for three times for 24 hours each time, the noble metal monoatomic dispersion type Pd/TiO is prepared by collecting and drying2The load of the palladium in the purification catalyst in this example was 1.8%, and the palladium was dispersed on the surface of the carrier in a monoatomic state.
Example 4
A noble metal monoatomic dispersion type purification catalyst comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 99.1% TiO2Carrier and 0.9% Pt for removing H from high-concentration CO gas2Wherein, TiO2The size of the carrier particle is 20-30 nm, and in the catalyst, Pt is in TiO2The carrier is in a monoatomic dispersion state.
The preparation method of the noble metal monoatomic dispersion type purification catalyst comprises the following steps:
80g P25 powder was weighed out and diluted to 200mL using absolute ethanol. Weighing 1g of chloroplatinic acid (molecular formula is H)2PtCl6·6H2O), dissolved in the ethanol solution with magnetic stirring (hereinafter, this solution is referred to as a3 solution). 200mL of a 1M ammonium bicarbonate solution was prepared, and the pH was adjusted to 10 using a trace amount of hydrochloric acid and a 1M ammonium carbonate solution (hereinafter, this solution was referred to as a B3 solution). The A3 solution was stirred and incubated in a 60 deg.C water bath. The B3 solution was then added slowly to the A3 solution and, after stirring for 1h was continued and the temperature was raised to 80 ℃ until no more precipitate formed in the solution. After the A3 solution is evaporated to dryness, collecting and drying the powder to obtain Pt supported on TiO in the form of nanoparticles2And (3) uniformly mixing the precursor powder on the surface of the carrier with titanium powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 5, and calcining for 5 hours at 500 ℃ in a vacuum tube furnace with hydrogen-argon mixed atmosphere. Washing with sodium cyanide water solution for 24h each time, washing for three times, collecting, and oven drying to obtain noble metal monoatomic dispersion Pt/TiO2The purification catalyst, in this example, the platinum loading was 0.9%, and the platinum was monoatomic on the surface of the support.
The embodiments of the present invention are described only for the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and not for the purpose of limiting the spirit and scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by those skilled in the art without departing from the design concept of the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention, and the technical contents of the present invention as claimed are all described in the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the noble metal monoatomic dispersion type purification catalyst is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 97-99.99% of nano metal oxide carrier and 0.01-3% of noble metal;
the preparation method comprises the following steps:
(1) taking nano TiO2The metal oxide carrier is dispersed in a noble metal salt solution to form a mixed solution, and the mass percentage of the nano metal oxide carrier in the mixed solution is 1-50%;
(2) mixing the solution according to the mass ratio: the ammonium salt solution = 0.01-100, slowly adding the ammonium salt solution into the mixed solution, and generating a precursor with noble metal loaded on the surface of the carrier by adopting a coprecipitation method;
(3) according to the mass ratio, the precursor is: and (1) mixing the metal powder and the titanium powder, calcining the mixture to generate a heat-treated precursor, wherein the metal powder is Ti powder, and the calcining atmosphere is 10% H2A mixed gas of/Ar;
(4) and (3) washing the precursor subjected to heat treatment by using aqua regia or cyanide, and drying to obtain the noble metal monoatomic dispersion type purification catalyst, wherein the concentration of the cyanide is 1 mM-10M, the cyanide is washed until the washing liquid does not contain noble metal atoms, and the solution after washing is recycled.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the catalyst is used for the production of high concentration of H in CO gas in the industry of ethylene glycol production from coal via oxalate route or high purity CO production2And (5) removing.
3. The method for preparing a purification catalyst having a noble metal monoatomic dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the carrier is in the form of particles having a particle diameter of 1 to 500 nm.
4. The method for preparing a purification catalyst of noble metal monoatomic dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the noble metal is nano-sized Pd and/or Pt, and when they are mixed, the mixing ratio is any ratio.
5. The method for preparing a purification catalyst of noble metal monoatomic dispersion according to claim 1, wherein the noble metal salt solution is used in the step (1) at a concentration of 1mM to 1M, the ammonium salt solution is used in the step (2) at a concentration of 1mM to 10M, and the ammonium salt solution is adjusted to a pH of 7 to 12 using hydrochloric acid.
6. The method for preparing a purification catalyst with a monoatomic dispersion of a noble metal according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the metal powder is sieved with a 200-mesh sieve.
7. The method for preparing a purification catalyst with a single noble metal atom dispersed therein according to claim 1, wherein the calcination is performed in a vacuum tube furnace in the step (3), the calcination temperature is 200 to 500 ℃, and the calcination time is 0.25 to 5 hours.
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| CN110124664B (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2020-09-22 | 中国科学院长春应用化学研究所 | Metal platinum black nanocluster catalyst and preparation method thereof |
| CN111790377A (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2020-10-20 | 东北石油大学 | Monoatomic catalyst, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111517278A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-08-11 | 中南大学 | Ti3C2TxApplication of MXenes non-noble metal heterogeneous catalyst in formic acid dehydrogenation |
| CN112044434B (en) * | 2020-10-20 | 2023-03-28 | 北京单原子催化科技有限公司 | Single-atom noble metal/transition metal oxide composite material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113070058B (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2023-02-28 | 青岛创启新能催化科技有限公司 | Composite carrier single-atom catalyst for organic hydrogen storage medium dehydrogenation and preparation method thereof |
| CN114471543A (en) * | 2022-02-23 | 2022-05-13 | 北京工业大学 | Method for preparing platinum-based noble metal catalyst by wet process |
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