CN109424412A - After-treatment system - Google Patents
After-treatment system Download PDFInfo
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- CN109424412A CN109424412A CN201810972034.5A CN201810972034A CN109424412A CN 109424412 A CN109424412 A CN 109424412A CN 201810972034 A CN201810972034 A CN 201810972034A CN 109424412 A CN109424412 A CN 109424412A
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- conduit
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- treatment system
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/011—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
- F01N3/033—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
- F01N3/035—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
- F01N3/2073—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR] with means for generating a reducing substance from the exhaust gases
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
- F01N2250/02—Combinations of different methods of purification filtering and catalytic conversion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2260/00—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for
- F01N2260/06—Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for for improving exhaust evacuation or circulation, or reducing back-pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
- F01N2470/16—Plurality of inlet tubes, e.g. discharging into different chambers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2490/00—Structure, disposition or shape of gas-chambers
- F01N2490/02—Two or more expansion chambers in series connected by means of tubes
- F01N2490/06—Two or more expansion chambers in series connected by means of tubes the gases flowing longitudinally from inlet to outlet in opposite directions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
- F01N2590/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for marine vessels or naval applications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2590/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines
- F01N2590/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines for heavy duty applications, e.g. trucks, buses, tractors, locomotives
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
- F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
- F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
Abstract
It provides a kind of for handling the after-treatment system of large capacity exhaust stream.After-treatment system includes the first module and the second module.After-treatment system further includes main-inlet conduit, first entrance conduit, second entrance conduit, first outlet conduit and second outlet conduit.Each of first entrance conduit and second entrance conduit are suitable for the exhaust stream of main-inlet catheter downstream at respectively flowing through therein first-class and second.The shunting of exhaust stream is suitable for limiting the back pressure in after-treatment system.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to after-treatment systems.More particularly it relates to it is a kind of for handling large capacity exhaust stream after
Processing system.
Background technique
Such as large capacity row can be generated during operation with the large combustion engines of Yu Haiyang's application, power generation and other application etc.
Air-flow.This large capacity exhaust stream can be handled in after-treatment system to meet emission control standard.However, after due to passing through
The limited flow of the exhaust stream of processing system, the large capacity exhaust for flowing through the various parts of after-treatment system may cause post-processing
Excessive back pressure in system.
In some cases, can by increase the other component of conduit and after-treatment system diameter or length (or its
His size) Lai Zengjia after-treatment system flow, including but not limited to catalyst, hybrid element, filter and shell.This may
The overall dimensions of after-treatment system are caused to increase.The increase of the size of after-treatment system and its component may cause cost in turn
(such as research and development cost, manufacturing cost, new tool and other costs) increase.Therefore, it is necessary to a kind of improved after-treatment system,
For handling large capacity exhaust stream, while mitigating this increased costs.
German patent 4,114,745 describes a kind of exhaust system for quartastroke engine.Engine is to pulse
Working frequency operation, the working frequency are driven by multiple cylinders, and each cylinder has the pulsation to the outlet of manifold, for exhaust
Discharge.Two pulsation Exhaust gas flows through catalyst discrete phases, the one third relative to the working frequency period is to three/two-phase
Mutually displacement.Each pulsation exhaust stream is supplied by the manifold merged by two air cylinder groups.Resulting common exhaust manifold from
Opposite both ends are in conjunction with catalytic converter matrix.Processed exhaust leaves catalytic matrix by common exhaust pipe.
Summary of the invention
In one aspect of the invention, it provides a kind of for handling the after-treatment system of large capacity exhaust stream.Post-processing
System includes the first module with the first hybrid element.After-treatment system includes the second module with the second hybrid element.
Second module has the configuration similar with the configuration of the first module.After-treatment system includes leading suitable for receiving the main-inlet of exhaust stream
Pipe.After-treatment system includes the first entrance conduit for being fluidly coupled to main-inlet conduit and the first module.After-treatment system includes
It is fluidly coupled to the second entrance conduit of main-inlet conduit and the second module.After-treatment system further includes being fluidly coupled to the first mould
The first outlet conduit of block.After-treatment system further includes the second outlet conduit for being fluidly coupled to the second module.First entrance is led
Pipe and each of second entrance conduit are suitable for the exhaust stream of main-inlet catheter downstream at respectively flowing through therein the
First-class and second.The shunting of exhaust stream is suitable for limiting the back pressure in after-treatment system.First hybrid element and the second mixing member
Each of part is suitable for improving respectively the mixing of the first-class and second in the first module and the second module.
In another aspect of this invention, a kind of engine is provided.Engine includes that engine cylinder body and setting are being started
Multiple cylinders in machine cylinder body.Engine includes the cylinder head being arranged on engine cylinder body.Engine further includes fluid connection
To the exhaust manifold of multiple cylinders.Exhaust manifold is suitable for receiving the large capacity exhaust stream from multiple cylinders.Engine further includes
It is fluidly coupled to the after-treatment system of exhaust manifold.After-treatment system is suitable for receiving and handling the large capacity row from exhaust manifold
Air-flow.After-treatment system includes the first module with the first hybrid element.After-treatment system includes having the second hybrid element
The second module.Second module has the configuration similar with the configuration of the first module.After-treatment system includes the row of being fluidly coupled to
The main-inlet conduit of gas manifold.Main-inlet conduit is suitable for receiving the exhaust stream from exhaust manifold.After-treatment system includes fluid
It is connected to the first entrance conduit of main-inlet conduit and the first module.After-treatment system include be fluidly coupled to main-inlet conduit and
The second entrance conduit of second module.After-treatment system further includes the first outlet conduit for being fluidly coupled to the first module.After
Reason system further includes the second outlet conduit for being fluidly coupled to the second module.It is every in first entrance conduit and second entrance conduit
One is suitable for the exhaust stream of main-inlet catheter downstream at respectively flowing through therein first-class and second.Point of exhaust stream
Stream is suitable for limiting the back pressure in after-treatment system.Each of first hybrid element and the second hybrid element are suitable for improving respectively
The mixing of first-class and second in first module and the second module.
In still another aspect of the invention, it provides a kind of for limiting in the after-treatment system with large capacity exhaust stream
The method of back pressure.This method includes receiving exhaust stream by main-inlet conduit.This method includes using first entrance conduit the
One stream neutralizes the exhaust stream for shunting main-inlet catheter downstream in second using second entrance conduit.This method includes by the
One module receives first-class.This method includes receiving second by the second module.This method further includes making from the first module
First-class flow through first outlet conduit.This method further includes that the second from the second module is made to flow through second outlet conduit.
According to the following description and drawings, other features of the invention and aspect will be apparent.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the perspective view of exemplary engine according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the top view of the after-treatment system of the engine of Fig. 1 according to an embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 3 is the perspective view of the after-treatment system of Fig. 2 according to an embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the perspective view of the after-treatment system of the engine of Fig. 1 according to another embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the perspective view of the after-treatment system of the engine of Fig. 1 according to another embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 6 is the front view of the after-treatment system of Fig. 5 according to an embodiment of the invention；And
Fig. 7 is the working method for showing the after-treatment system of Fig. 2, Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 according to an embodiment of the invention
Flow chart.
Specific embodiment
Whenever possible, will make that the same or similar part is denoted by the same reference numerals throughout the drawings.Ginseng
According to Fig. 1, exemplary engine 102 is shown.Engine 102 is by any fuel known in the art (such as natural gas, bavin
Oil, gasoline and/or combination thereof) internal combustion engine of power is provided.In some embodiments, engine 102 can be with machine (not
Show) it is associated, machine includes but is not limited to locomotive, ship, land vehicle and generator etc..Engine 102 and/or machine can
To be used for any industry, including but not limited to building, agricultural, forestry, mining, transport, waste management, aviation, ship, at material
Reason and power generation.
Engine 102 includes engine cylinder body 104.Engine cylinder body 104 includes the one or more gas being disposed therein
Cylinder 105.Cylinder 105 can be with any deployment arrangements, including but not limited to in-line, radial and " V " etc..Each cylinder 105 is suitable for
Piston (not shown) is received wherein.Cylinder 105 is suitable for from wherein generation large capacity exhaust stream.Engine 102 further includes installation
Cylinder head 106 on engine cylinder body 104.Cylinder head 106 accommodates the one or more components and/or system of engine 102,
Including but not limited to inlet manifold 107, valve mechanism (not shown) and sensor (not shown) etc..
Engine 102 further includes the exhaust manifold 108 being arranged in cylinder head 106.In one embodiment, exhaust manifold
108 can be connected to cylinder head 106.In another embodiment, it is based on application requirement, exhaust manifold 108 can be relative to gas
Cylinder cap 106 is integrated.Exhaust manifold 108 is fluidly coupled to cylinder 105.Therefore, exhaust manifold 108, which is suitable for receiving, comes from cylinder
105 large capacity exhaust stream.In addition, engine 102 may include various other components and/or system (not shown), other component
And/or system includes but is not limited to crankcase, fuel system, air system, cooling system, lubricating system, turbocharger, row
Gas recirculating system and other peripheral equipments.
Referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, after-treatment system 202 is shown.It is rear to locate in certain aspects of the invention
Reason system 202 can be associated with engine 102.After-treatment system 202 is hereinafter interchangeably referred to as " system 202 ".System
System 202 is fluidly coupled to exhaust manifold 108.Therefore, system 202 is suitable for receiving and handling the large capacity from exhaust manifold 108
Exhaust stream.System 202 is suitable for locating using various methods (including but not limited to filtering, oxidation and reduction etc.) known in the art
It manages and is vented present in exhaust stream.
System 202 includes main-inlet conduit 204.Main-inlet conduit 204 is fluidly coupled to exhaust manifold 108.Therefore, such as arrow
Shown in first 206, main-inlet conduit 204 is suitable for receiving exhaust stream therein from exhaust manifold 108.In an illustrated embodiment, main
Entry conductor 204 include hollow elongate cylindrical configuration, limit its longitudinal axis X-X '.In other embodiments, based on application
It is required that main-inlet conduit 204 may include any other configuration, including but not limited to triangle, ellipse and rectangle etc..
System 202 includes first entrance conduit 208 and second entrance conduit 210.In the shown embodiment, first entrance is led
Each of pipe 208 and second entrance conduit 210 include hollow elongate cylindrical configuration, limit its longitudinal axis Y- respectively
Y',Z-Z'.In other embodiments, it is based on application requirement, it is each in first entrance conduit 208 and second entrance conduit 210
A may include any other configuration, including but not limited to triangle, ellipse and rectangle etc..
Moreover, each of first entrance conduit 208 and second entrance conduit 210 respectively include first part 212,
214 and second part 216,218.The first part 212 of first entrance conduit 208 tilts relative to its second part 216, at it
Between limit angle " P1 ".The first part 214 of second entrance conduit 210 tilts relative to its second part 218, defines therebetween
Angle " P2 ".In the shown embodiment, angle " P1 " is equal to angle " P2 ".In other embodiments, application requirement, angle are based on
" P1 " can change relative to angle " P2 ".
Each of first entrance conduit 208 and second entrance conduit 210 are fluidly coupled to main-inlet conduit 204.More
Specifically, the first part 212 of first entrance conduit 208 is connected to main-inlet conduit 204, relative to main-inlet conduit 204
Longitudinal axis X-X ' limit angle " A1 ".Also, the first part 214 of second entrance conduit 210 is connected to main-inlet conduit
204, the longitudinal axis X-X relative to main-inlet conduit 204 ' limit angle " A2 ".In the shown embodiment, angle " A1 " etc.
In angle " A2 ".In other embodiments, it is based on application requirement, angle " A1 " can change relative to angle " A2 ".
Each of first entrance conduit 208 and second entrance conduit 210 are suitable for the row in 204 downstream of main-inlet conduit
Airflow diversion is at respectively flowing through therein first-class 220 and second 222.In the shown embodiment, first entrance conduit 208
Cross-sectional area is equal to the cross-sectional area of second entrance conduit 210.Therefore, first-class 220 volume is equal to the body of second 222
Product.Likewise, exhaust stream respectively in first-class 220 and second 222 with the ratio of 50:50 under main-inlet conduit 204
Trip shunts.
In other embodiments, the cross-sectional area of first entrance conduit 208 can be relative to the cross of second entrance conduit 210
Sectional area is different.Therefore, first-class 220 volume can relative to second 222 volume and change.Likewise, based on answering
With requiring, exhaust stream respectively can be in any proportion in the downstream of main-inlet conduit 204 in first-class 220 and second 222
It shunts, including but not limited to 40:60,60:40,30:70 and 70:30 etc..The exhaust stream in 204 downstream of main-inlet conduit is at
One stream 220 and second 222 are suitable for the back pressure in limitation system 202 and/or on engine 102.
System 202 includes being fluidly coupled to the first module 224 of first entrance conduit 208.More specifically, the first module
224 include the first submodule 226 and second submodule 228.First submodule 226 is fluidly coupled to first entrance conduit 208
Second part 216.Therefore, the first submodule 226 is suitable for receiving first-class 220 from first entrance conduit 208.
Each of first submodule 226 and second submodule 228 include hollow elongate cylindrical configuration, are limited respectively
Its longitudinal axis M-M', N-N'.In other embodiments, application requirement, the first submodule 226 and second submodule 228 are based on
Each of may include any other configuration, including but not limited to rectangle and triangle etc..Therefore, the first submodule 226
First end 230,232 and second end 234,236 are respectively included with each of second submodule 228.230,232 points of first end
It is not located relatively at second end 234,236 distal sides.
Each of first submodule 226 and second submodule 228 are suitable for one or more portions of receiving system 202
Part.For example, in the shown embodiment, the first submodule 226 includes first filter element (not shown).First filter element
Suitable for filtering the particulate matter from first-class 220.First filter element can be any filter elements known in the art
Part, including but not limited to diesel particulate filter (DPF) and part flow filter etc..Additionally or alternatively, the first submodule
Block 226 can also include the unshowned other component of this paper based on application requirement.
Moreover, second submodule 228 includes the first catalytic reduction unit (not shown).First catalytic reduction unit is suitable for subtracting
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) present in few first-class 220.First catalytic reduction unit can be any catalysis known in the art and turn
Change device, such as selective catalytic reduction (SCR) unit.Additionally or alternatively, it is based on application requirement, second submodule 228 may be used also
To include other component, such as ammoxidation catalyst (AOC) unit (not shown).
First module 224 further includes the first subsidiary conduit 238.First subsidiary conduit 238 is fluidly coupled to the first submodule
226 and second submodule 228.More specifically, the first subsidiary conduit 238 is fluidly coupled to the second end 234 of the first submodule 226
With the first end 232 of second submodule 228.Therefore, the first subsidiary conduit 238 is suitable for receiving from the first submodule 226 first-class
220, and first-class 220 flow into second submodule 228.
First subsidiary conduit 238 includes the first dosing unit (not shown) and the first hybrid element (not shown) therein.
First dosing unit is suitable for injecting reducing agent fluid in first-class 220.First dosing unit can be known in the art
What dosing unit, such as diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) dosing unit.First hybrid element can be known in the art
What mixed cell, including but not limited to perforation type mixed cell, wing flap formula mixed cell, turbulence type mixed cell, helical flow
Mixed cell and/or combination thereof etc..First hybrid element is suitable for improving the reducing agent fluid and first-class in the first module 224
220 mixing.In other embodiments, it is based on application requirement, the first subsidiary conduit 238 may include any other of system 202
Component.
It should be noted that the first submodule 226 described herein, second submodule 228 and the first subsidiary conduit 238 are only
Illustratively.In another embodiment, the first module 224 may include the single submodule without the first subsidiary conduit 238.
In yet another embodiment, it is based on application requirement, the first module 224 may include multiple submodule, and each submodule can have
There is or do not have the first subsidiary conduit 238.In addition, being based on application requirement, the first sub- filter cell, DEF dosing unit, first
Hybrid element, the first catalytic reduction unit, and/or the AOC unit in the first submodule 226, second submodule 228, and/or
Position, sequence, configuration and the inclusion of one subsidiary conduit 238 can change.
System 202 further includes being fluidly coupled to the second module 240 of second entrance conduit 210.Second module 240 include with
The similar configuration of the configuration of first module 224.Therefore, the second module 240 includes third submodule 242 and the 4th submodule 244.
Third submodule 242 is fluidly coupled to the second part 218 of second entrance conduit 210.Therefore, third submodule 242 be suitable for from
Second entrance conduit 210 receives second 222.
Each of third submodule 242 and the 4th submodule 244 include hollow elongate cylindrical configuration, are limited respectively
Its longitudinal axis O-O', P-P'.In other embodiments, application requirement, third submodule 242 and the 4th submodule 244 are based on
Each of may include any other configuration, including but not limited to rectangle and triangle etc..Therefore, third submodule 242
First end 246,248 and second end 250,252 are respectively included with each of the 4th submodule 244.246,248 points of first end
It is not located relatively at second end 250,252 distal sides.
Each of third submodule 242 and the 4th submodule 244 are suitable for one or more portions of receiving system 202
Part.For example, in the shown embodiment, third submodule 242 includes the second filter cell (not shown).Second filter cell
Suitable for filtering the particulate matter from second 222.Second filter cell can be any filter elements known in the art
Part, including but not limited to diesel particulate filter (DPF) and part flow filter etc..Additionally or alternatively, based on application
It is required that third submodule 242 can also include the unshowned other component of this paper.
Moreover, the 4th submodule 244 includes the second catalytic reduction unit (not shown).Second catalytic reduction unit is suitable for subtracting
Nitrogen oxides (NOx) present in few second 222.Second catalytic reduction unit can be any catalysis known in the art and turn
Change device, such as selective catalytic reduction (SCR) unit.Additionally or alternatively, it is based on application requirement, the 4th submodule 244 may be used also
To include other component, such as ammoxidation catalyst (AOC) unit.
Second module 240 further includes the second subsidiary conduit 254.Second subsidiary conduit 254 is fluidly coupled to third submodule
242 and the 4th submodule 244.More specifically, the second subsidiary conduit 254 is fluidly coupled to the second end 250 of third submodule 242
With the first end 248 of the 4th submodule 244.Therefore, the second subsidiary conduit 254 is suitable for receiving second from third submodule 242
222, and also second 222 is allowed to flow into the 4th submodule 244.
Second subsidiary conduit 254 includes the second dosing unit (not shown) and the second hybrid element (not shown) therein.
Second dosing unit is suitable for injecting reducing agent fluid in second 222.Second dosing unit can be known in the art
What dosing unit, such as diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) dosing unit.Second hybrid element can be known in the art
What mixed cell, including but not limited to perforation type mixed cell, wing flap formula mixed cell, turbulence type mixed cell, helical flow
Mixed cell, and/or a combination thereof.Second hybrid element is suitable for improving the reducing agent fluid and second 222 in the second module 240
Mixing.In other embodiments, it is based on application requirement, the second subsidiary conduit 254 may include any other portion of system 202
Part.
It should be noted that third submodule 242 described herein, the 4th submodule 244 and the second subsidiary conduit 254 are only
Illustratively.In another embodiment, the second module 240 may include the single submodule without the second subsidiary conduit 254.
In yet another embodiment, it is based on application requirement, the second module 240 may include multiple submodule, and each submodule can have
There is or do not have the second subsidiary conduit 254.In addition, being based on application requirement, the second filter cell, DEF dosing unit, second are mixed
Close element, the second catalytic reduction unit, and/or AOC unit, the 4th submodule 244, and/or second in third submodule 242
Position, sequence, configuration and the inclusion of subsidiary conduit 254 can change.
System 202 includes first outlet conduit 256 and second outlet conduit 258.In the shown embodiment, first outlet is led
Each of pipe 256 and second outlet conduit 258 include hollow elongate cylindrical configuration, respectively limit longitudinal axis Q-Q ',
R-R'.In other embodiments, it is based on application requirement, each of first outlet conduit 256 and second outlet conduit 258 can
To include any other configuration, including but not limited to triangle, ellipse and rectangle etc..
Moreover, each of first outlet conduit 256 and second outlet conduit 258 respectively include first part 260,
262 and second part 264,266.The first part 260 of first outlet conduit 256 tilts relative to its second part 264, at it
Between limit angle " P3 ".The first part 262 of second outlet conduit 258 tilts relative to its second part 266, defines therebetween
Angle " P4 ".In the shown embodiment, angle " P3 " is equal to angle " P4 ".In other embodiments, application requirement, angle are based on
" P3 " can change relative to angle " P4 ".
First outlet conduit 256 is fluidly coupled to the first module 224.More specifically, in the shown embodiment, first outlet
The second part 264 of conduit 256 is fluidly coupled to the second submodule 228 of the first module 224.First outlet conduit 256 is suitable for
First-class 220 are received from second submodule 228.In addition, second outlet conduit 258 is fluidly coupled to the second module 240.More specifically
Ground, in the shown embodiment, the second outlet conduit 258 of second part 266 are fluidly coupled to the 4th submodule of the second module 240
Block 244.Therefore, second outlet conduit 258 is suitable for receiving second 222 from the 4th submodule 244.
System 202 further includes primary outlet conduit 268.In the shown embodiment, primary outlet conduit 268 includes hollow elongate circle
Cylindrical arrangement limits its longitudinal axis S-S'.In other embodiments, it is based on application requirement, primary outlet conduit 268 may include
Any other configuration, including but not limited to triangle, ellipse and rectangle etc..Primary outlet conduit 268 is fluidly coupled to first and goes out
Mouth each of conduit 256 and second outlet conduit 258.
Therefore, primary outlet conduit 268 is suitable for receiving first from first outlet conduit 256 and second outlet conduit 258 respectively
Stream 220 and second 222.Moreover, as indicated by arrow 270, primary outlet conduit 268 be suitable for by first-class 220 and second 222 simultaneously
Stream.Based on application requirement, primary outlet conduit 268 can further be fluidly coupled to components downstream (not shown), including but unlimited
In silencer, muffler, funnel and flaring etc..
In the shown embodiment, each of first outlet conduit 256 and second outlet conduit 258 are relative to primary outlet
Conduit 268 tilts.More specifically, the first part 260 of first outlet conduit 256 is connected to primary outlet conduit 268, relative to master
The longitudinal axis S-S' of delivery channel 268 limits angle " A3 ".In addition, the first part 262 of second outlet conduit 258 is connected to
Primary outlet conduit 268, the longitudinal axis S-S' relative to primary outlet conduit 268 limit angle " A4 ".In the shown embodiment, angle
It spends " A3 " and is equal to angle " A4 ".In other embodiments, it is based on application requirement, angle " A3 " can become relative to angle " A4 "
Change.
In the shown embodiment, the cross-sectional area of first outlet conduit 256 is equal to the cross section of second outlet conduit 258
Product.Therefore, first-class 220 volume for flowing through first outlet conduit 256 is equal to the second for flowing through second outlet conduit 258
222 volume.In other embodiments, the cross-sectional area of first outlet conduit 256 can be relative to second outlet conduit 258
Cross-sectional area is different.Therefore, application requirement, respectively in first outlet conduit 256 and second outlet conduit 258, first are based on
Stream 220 volume can relative to second 222 volume and change, including but not limited to ratio be 40:60,60:40,30:
70 and 70:30 etc..
Based on application requirement, the first module 224 including the first submodule 226 and second submodule 228, and including
Second module 240 of three submodules 242 and the 4th submodule 244 can be relative to each other with any configuration orientation.For example, referring to
Shown in Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, in the first submodule 226, second submodule 228, third submodule 242 and the 4th submodule 244
Each is parallel to each other in a horizontal plane and is positioned apart from.
In another embodiment, shown in referring to figure 5 and figure 6, the first module 224 phase in different vertical planes respectively
It is parallel to each other for the second module 240 and be positioned apart from.Moreover, every in the first submodule 226 and second submodule 228
One parallel to each other in single vertical plane in stack arrangement and be positioned apart from.Similarly, 242 He of third submodule
Each of 4th submodule 244 is parallel to each other in single vertical plane in stack arrangement and is positioned apart from.
Based on application requirement, first entrance conduit 208, second entrance conduit 210, first outlet conduit 256 and second go out
Mouth conduit 258 can be connected to the first module 224 and the second module 240 respectively with any orientation.For example, referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 institute
Show, the second part 216 of first entrance conduit 208 is parallel to the longitudinal axis M-M' orientation of the first submodule 226.Moreover, edge
The axis T-T' of the first submodule 226, the second part 216 of first entrance conduit 208 be connected to the first submodule 226
First end 230.The longitudinal axis O-O' that the second part 218 of second entrance conduit 210 is parallel to third submodule 242 is fixed
To.In addition, the second part 218 of second entrance conduit 210 is connected to along the transverse axis U-U' of third submodule 242
The first end 246 of three submodules 242.
In addition, the longitudinal axis N-N' that the second part 264 of first outlet conduit 256 is parallel to second submodule 228 is fixed
To.Moreover, the second part 264 of first outlet conduit 256 is connected to second along the transverse axis V-V' of second submodule 228
The second end 236 of submodule 228.The second part 266 of second outlet conduit 258 is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the 4th submodule 244
Line P-P' orientation.Moreover, along the transverse axis W-W' of the 4th submodule 244, the second part 266 of second outlet conduit 258
It is connected to the second end 252 of the 4th submodule 244.
In other embodiments, referring to shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the axis T-relative to the first submodule 226
T', the second part 216 of first entrance conduit 208 are connected to the first end 230 of the first submodule 226 with angle " B1 ".In addition,
The second part 218 of second entrance conduit 210 is connected to the first end 246 of third submodule 242, and first end 246 is relative to
The transverse axis U-U' of three submodules 242 is with angle " B2 " inclination.
In addition, the second part 264 of first outlet conduit 256 is connected to the second end 236 of second submodule 228, second
Submodule 228 is tilted relative to the transverse axis V-V' of second submodule 228 with angle " B3 ".The of second outlet conduit 258
Two parts 266 are connected to the second end 252 of the 4th submodule 244, cross of the 4th submodule 244 relative to the 4th submodule 244
To axis W-W' with angle " B4 " inclination.In the illustrated embodiment, each of angle " B1 ", " B2 ", " B3 " and " B4 "
It is equal to each other.In other embodiments, it is based on application requirement, one or more of angle " B1 ", " B2 ", " B3 " and " B4 " can
With and change relative to each other.
It should be noted that it is based on application requirement, the first module 224 described here, first the 226, second son of submodule
Module 228, the second module 240, third submodule 242, the 4th submodule 244, first entrance conduit 208, second entrance conduit
210, the direction of first outlet conduit 256, and/or second outlet conduit 258, arrangement, position, configuration are only exemplary,
It can change.For example, being based on application requirement, one or more submodules of system 202 can be arranged in individually horizontally or vertically
In plane, and remaining submodule can be arranged in individually in horizontally or vertically plane.Moreover, being required based on application, it is
One or more conduits of system 202 can be oriented along any axis of corresponding submodule, and remaining conduit can be relative to phase
Answer any axis of submodule with any other angle orientation.
In addition, system 202 may include one or more installation elements 272 referring to shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, including
But be not limited to one or more mounting brackets and fastener etc..Installation elements 272 are suitable for the installation of system 202 on the ground
Or it installs relative to each other.For example, as shown in Figures 3 and 4, installation elements 272 are horizontally disposed to receive the first module 224 on it
With the second module 240, so as to by system 202 installation on the ground.Moreover, as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, the vertical cloth of installation elements 272
It sets to receive the first module 224 and the second module 240 on it, so that system 202 to be mounted in stack arrangement.
Industrial applicibility
The present invention relates to the working methods 700 of after-treatment system 202.Referring to Fig. 7, the flow chart of method 700 is shown.?
Step 702, as indicated by arrow 206, main-inlet conduit 204 receives large capacity exhaust stream therein.Exhaust stream is led by main-inlet
Pipe 204 is received from the exhaust manifold 108 of engine 102.In step 704, tapped downstream of the exhaust stream in main-inlet conduit 204.
More specifically, using first entrance conduit 208 in first-class 220 separation panel air-flow.In addition, using second entrance conduit 210
The separation panel air-flow in second 222.In other embodiments, it is based on application requirement, exhaust stream can be split into multiple streams.Greatly
The shunting of capacity exhaust stream provides the limitation of system 202 and/or the back pressure in engine 102.
In step 706, first-class 220 are received from first entrance conduit 208 by the first module 224.More specifically, passing through
First submodule 226, the first subsidiary conduit 238 and the second sub- conduit receive first-class 220.Likewise, the first mistake can be passed through
Filter element, DEF dosing unit, the first hybrid element, the first catalytic reduction unit, and/or AOC unit receive first-class 220.
First hybrid element is used to improve first-class 220 mixing in the first module 224.
In step 708, second 222 is received from second entrance conduit 210 by the second module 240.More specifically, passing through
Third submodule 242, the second subsidiary conduit 254 and the 4th submodule 254 receive second 222.Likewise, second can be passed through
Filter cell, DEF dosing unit, the second hybrid element, the second catalytic reduction unit, and/or AOC unit receive second
222.Second hybrid element is used to improve the mixing of the second 222 in the second module 240.It should be noted that step 706 and step
708 carry out simultaneously.
It is flowed out by first outlet conduit 256 from the first module 224 in step 710, first-class 220.In step 712,
Second-rate 222 are flowed from the second module 240 by second outlet conduit 258.Additionally or alternatively, first-class 220 and second 222
Respectively in the downstream cocurrent of the first module 224 and the second module 240.In this case, as indicated by arrow 270, first-class 220
With the cocurrent in the primary outlet conduit 268 in 240 downstream of the first module 224 and the second module respectively of second 222.It should be noted that
Step 710 and step 712 are performed simultaneously.
System 202 provides a kind of simple, effective and cost-effective method, for limiting during large capacity exhaust stream
Back pressure and the mixing for improving the exhaust stream in system 202.Likewise, system 202 is used relative to single big post-processing module
The first module 224 and the second module 240 of relative small size.Therefore, with the exploitation of single large-scale post-processing module and manufacture at
Originally it compares, the exploitation of system 202 and manufacturing cost significant can reduce.
It is required based on application or user, system 202 also provides modularized design.More specifically, first can be will be similar to that
Multiple module/submodules of module 224 and the second module 240 are added to system 202, to increase its capacity, and/or limitation system
Back pressure in system 202 and/or on engine 102.In addition, the first module 224 and the second module 240 can have and existing rear place
Configuration as managing module class, and then reduce the totle drilling cost of system 202.System 202 can be vented in streaming system in any large capacity
It is reequiped, wherein the modification to existing system is little or no.
Although each aspect of the present invention, those skilled in the art are specifically illustrated and described by reference to above-described embodiment
Member will be understood that by modifying disclosed machine, system and method are expected various additional embodiments without departing from the present invention
Spirit and scope.It should be appreciated that these embodiments fall into determined based on claim and its any equivalent it is of the invention
In range.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of for handling the after-treatment system of large capacity exhaust stream, the after-treatment system includes:
First module；
Second module has the configuration similar with the configuration of first module；
Main-inlet conduit is suitable for receiving the exhaust stream；
First entrance conduit is fluidly coupled to the main-inlet conduit and first module；
Second entrance conduit is fluidly coupled to the main-inlet conduit and second module；
First outlet conduit is fluidly coupled to first module；And
Second outlet conduit is fluidly coupled to second module；
Wherein each of the first entrance conduit and the second entrance conduit are suitable for the main-inlet catheter downstream
The exhaust stream at respectively flowing through therein first-class and second, and wherein, the shunting of the exhaust stream is suitable for limit
Make the back pressure in the after-treatment system.
2. after-treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the size of the cross-sectional area of the first entrance conduit is equal to
The cross-sectional area of the second entrance conduit.
3. after-treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional area of the first entrance conduit it is of different sizes
In the cross-sectional area of the second entrance conduit.
4. after-treatment system according to claim 1, wherein each of first module and second module
Including at least one in diesel particulate filter, diesel exhaust fluid dosing unit and selective catalytic reduction unit
It is a.
5. after-treatment system according to claim 1 further includes primary outlet conduit, the primary outlet catheter fluid is connected to
Each of the first outlet conduit and the second outlet conduit.
6. after-treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the first entrance conduit, the first outlet conduit, institute
At least one of second entrance conduit and the second outlet conduit are stated respectively along first module and second mould
The transverse axis of block is arranged.
7. after-treatment system according to claim 1, wherein the first entrance conduit, the first outlet conduit, institute
At least one of second entrance conduit and the second outlet conduit are stated relative to first module and second module
Transverse axis setting at an angle.
8. after-treatment system according to claim 1, wherein first module includes:
First submodule is fluidly coupled to the first entrance conduit；
Second submodule is fluidly coupled to the first outlet conduit；And
First subsidiary conduit is fluidly coupled between first submodule and the second submodule.
9. after-treatment system according to claim 8, wherein second module includes:
Third submodule is fluidly coupled to the second entrance conduit；
4th submodule is fluidly coupled to the second outlet conduit；And
Second subsidiary conduit is fluidly coupled between the third submodule and the 4th submodule.
10. after-treatment system according to claim 9, wherein first submodule and the second submodule and
At least one of the third submodule and the 4th submodule are arranged with stack arrangement.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US15/688,990 US20190063298A1 (en) | 2017-08-29 | 2017-08-29 | Aftertreatment system |
| US15/688990 | 2017-08-29 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109424412A true CN109424412A (en) | 2019-03-05 |
Family
ID=63207567
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810972034.5A Pending CN109424412A (en) | 2017-08-29 | 2018-08-24 | After-treatment system |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20190063298A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3450715A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN109424412A (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3260187A1 (en) * | 2016-06-23 | 2017-12-27 | Yara Marine Technologies AS | System and method for reducing the amount of sulfur oxides in exhaust gas |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4114745A1 (en) | 1991-05-06 | 1992-11-12 | Emitec Emissionstechnologie | Exhaust system for four-stroke combustion engine - has two pulsating exhaust gas flows supplied via a common exhaust manifold allowing exhaust gases to leave by a common pipe |
| US8230678B2 (en) * | 2007-06-21 | 2012-07-31 | Daimler Trucks North America Llc | Treatment of diesel engine exhaust |
| DE102008042767B4 (en) * | 2008-10-13 | 2012-03-01 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | emission control system |
| JP2012067697A (en) * | 2010-09-24 | 2012-04-05 | Mitsubishi Fuso Truck & Bus Corp | Exhaust emission control device |
| JP2014231748A (en) * | 2013-05-28 | 2014-12-11 | 三菱ふそうトラック・バス株式会社 | Exhaust gas purification device |
| US9564072B2 (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2017-02-07 | Rite-Hite Holding Corporation | Methods and apparatus to generate loading dock visual indicators |
| JPWO2015045171A1 (en) * | 2013-09-30 | 2017-03-09 | 株式会社小松製作所 | Bulldozer |
| JP6451240B2 (en) * | 2014-11-17 | 2019-01-16 | コベルコ建機株式会社 | Construction machinery |
| ES2656413T3 (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2018-02-27 | Jumbomaw Technology Co., Ltd. | Catalytic converter |
-
2017
- 2017-08-29 US US15/688,990 patent/US20190063298A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2018
- 2018-08-08 EP EP18188116.0A patent/EP3450715A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2018-08-24 CN CN201810972034.5A patent/CN109424412A/en active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20190063298A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
| EP3450715A1 (en) | 2019-03-06 |
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Application publication date: 20190305 |