CN109424397A - 用于废气后处理系统的可变位置混合器 - Google Patents

用于废气后处理系统的可变位置混合器 Download PDF

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CN109424397A
CN109424397A CN201810908447.7A CN201810908447A CN109424397A CN 109424397 A CN109424397 A CN 109424397A CN 201810908447 A CN201810908447 A CN 201810908447A CN 109424397 A CN109424397 A CN 109424397A
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mixer
waste gas
gas stream
shield
exhaust passage
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CN109424397B (zh
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C·席亚拉维诺
A·阿诺恩
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
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    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
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    • B01D53/9413Processes characterised by a specific catalyst
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B01D53/9459Removing one or more of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, or hydrocarbons by multiple successive catalytic functions; systems with more than one different function, e.g. zone coated catalysts
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    • F01N13/009Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
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    • F01N3/033Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
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    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/0807Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
    • F01N3/0828Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
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    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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Abstract

一种废气流后处理(AT)系统,其包括第一AT装置和第二AT装置,该第二AT装置与第一AT装置流体连通并且在该第一AT装置下游定位在废气流中。AT系统还包括排气通道和喷射器,该排气通道用于将来自第一AT装置的废气流载送至第二AT装置,而该喷射器用于将还原剂引入到排气通道中。AT系统附加地包括可变位置混合器,该可变位置混合器在喷射器下游设置在排气通道内。此外,AT系统包括机构,该机构构造成调节可变位置混合器介于第一混合器位置和第二混合器位置之间并且包括第一混合器位置和第二混合器位置的位置,该第一混合器位置构造成增大由排气通道载送的废气流中的漩涡运动和湍流,以由此使得所引入的还原剂与废气流混合,而该第二混合器位置构造成减小由混合器生成的背压。

Description

用于废气后处理系统的可变位置混合器
背景技术
本发明涉及一种用于废气后处理(AT)系统的可变位置混合器,该废气后处理(AT)系统由内燃机使用。
已开发诸如微粒过滤器和其它装置之类的各种排气后处理(AT)装置,以有效地限制来自内燃机的排气排放物。经常用在诸如压缩点火式或柴油式现代贫燃内燃机中的其中一种排气后处理装置是选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂。
SCR构造成借助通过通常是柴油机氧化催化剂(DOC)的另一排气后处理装置生成的NO2将氮氧化物(NOX)转换成双原子氮(N2)和水(H2O)。为了有效地去除NOX,SCR转换过程附加地需要预定量的氨(NH3)存在于废气流中。
当在柴油发动机中采用还原剂时,SCR转换过程可附加地需要受控量或计量量的还原剂进入到废气流中,该还原剂具有“柴油机排气处理液”(DEF)的通用名称。此种还原剂可以是包括水和氨的尿素水溶液。
发明内容
废气流后处理(AT)系统包括第一AT装置和第二AT装置,该第二AT装置与第一AT装置流体连通并且在该第一AT装置下游定位在废气流中。AT系统还包括排气通道和喷射器,该排气通道构造成将来自第一AT装置的废气流载送至第二AT装置,而该喷射器构造成将还原剂引入到排气通道中,以由此减小污染物的浓度。AT系统附加地包括可变位置混合器,该可变位置混合器在喷射器下游设置在排气通道内。此外,AT系统包括机构,该机构构造成调节可变位置混合器介于第一混合器位置和第二混合器位置之间并且包括第一混合器位置和第二混合器位置的位置,该第一混合器位置构造成增大、增强或加强由排气通道载送的废气流中的漩涡运动和湍流,以由此使得引入的还原剂与废气流混合,而该第二混合器位置构造成减小由混合器生成的背压。
可变位置混合器可包括多个可枢转遮板。
多个可枢转遮板可包括第一遮板和第二遮板。附加地,多个可枢转遮板可同步,以使得第一遮板沿第一方向枢转,此时第二遮板沿第二方向枢转,该第二方向与第一方向相反。
第一和第二遮板可设置在相应的第一和第二枢转轴上。此外,第一和第二枢转轴的每个可安装于排气通道,该排气通道构造成输送管道。
该机构可包括可移动板,该可移动板构造成使得第一和第二遮板的每个枢转。
该机构可附加地包括多连杆结构,该多连杆结构操作地连接于板并且构造成移动板。
该机构可附加地包括诸如机电、气动或液压的致动器,该致动器构造成操作多连杆结构。
AT系统还可包括电子控制器,该电子控制器构造成调节该机构。
例如所公开的是,该内燃机可以是压缩点火式发动机,还原剂可以是具有尿素水溶液的柴油机排气处理液(DEF),而污染物可以是氮氧化物(NOX)。
第一AT装置可以是柴油机氧化催化剂(DOC)或贫燃NOX捕集器(LNT)。第二AT装置可以是双功能基质,该双功能基质包括选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂和柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)。
还公开一种采用上述AT系统的车辆。
当结合附图和所附权利要求时,从用于执行所描述的本发明的实施例和最佳模式的以下具体实施方式中,本发明的上述特征和优点以及其它特征和优点会显而易见。
附图说明
图1是具有内燃机的车辆的示意平面图,该内燃机连接于具有后处理(AT)系统的排气系统用以减小排气排放物,该后处理(AT)系统具有第一和第二紧密联接的AT装置。
图2是图1中示出的连接于具有后处理(AT)系统的排气系统的内燃机的示意图。
图3是图1中示出的AT系统的示意立体部分剖切视图,说明设置在第一和第二AT装置之间的可变位置混合器。
图4是图1中示出的AT系统的示意立体部分剖切视图,说明可变位置混合器,该可变位置混合器设置成使得具有所喷射的还原剂的废气流偏转而用于在其中生成漩涡。
图5是图1中示出的AT系统的示意立体部分剖切视图,说明可变位置混合器,该可变位置混合器设置成允许具有所喷射的还原剂的废气流直接通过。
具体实施方式
参照附图,其中,类似的附图标记指代若干视图中的类似部件,图1示意地示出机动车辆10。车辆10包括内燃机12,该内燃机构造成经由从动车轮14推进车辆。虽然内燃机12可以是火花点火式,但在后续公开中会确切地参照压缩点火式或柴油式发动机。例如本领域技术人员所理解的是,当特定量的环境空气流16与从燃料储罐20供给的计量量的燃料18混合并且所产生的空气-燃料混合物在发动机气缸(未示出)内部压缩时,在柴油发动机12中发生内部燃烧。
如图所示,发动机12包括排气歧管22和涡轮增压器24。涡轮增压器24由废气流供能,确切地说由在每个燃烧事件之后通过发动机12的各个汽缸经由排气歧管22释放的废气流26供能。涡轮增压器24连接于排气系统28,该排气系统接收废气流26且最终将废气流释放至环境,通常释放到车辆10的侧面或后面。虽然发动机12示作具有附连于发动机结构的排气歧管22,但该发动机可包括诸如通常形成在排气歧管中的排气通道(未示出)。在此种情形中,上述通道可结合到诸如发动机气缸盖的发动机结构中。此外,虽然示出涡轮增压器24,但并不排除发动机12在没有此种动力增强装置的情形下构造和操作。
车辆10还包括发动机排气后处理(AT)系统30。AT系统30包括多个排气后处理装置,这些排气后处理装置构造成从废气流26中有条理地去除发动机燃烧的污染物,例如主要是碳质微粒副产物和排放物组分。如图1和2中所示,AT系统30作为排气系统28的一部分操作。AT系统30包括第一AT装置32和第二AT装置34,该第一AT装置紧密联接于涡轮增压器24,且该第二AT装置在第一AT装置下游定位在废气流26中、与该第一AT装置流体连通并且紧密联接于第一AT装置。例如这里所采用的是,关于第一和第二AT装置32、34的布置的术语“紧密联接”指代每个所述装置均紧靠于彼此,并且设置在车辆10的发动机舱室11内部用于紧靠于发动机12。
第一和第二AT装置32、34的紧密联接布置缩短排气通道的长度(下文会详细描述),该排气通道用于将废气流26从第一AT装置32输送至第二AT装置34。因此,第一和第二AT装置32、34与发动机12的此种紧密联接提供紧凑的封装布置,以使得在发动机12的冷启动之后,AT系统30在废气流26的后处理中激活、即引燃的时间最短。如图所示,第一AT装置32可以是柴油机氧化催化剂(DOC)或贫燃氮氧化物(NOX)捕集器(LNT),而第二AT装置34可以是双功能基质,该双功能基质包括选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂或过滤器上的SCR(SCRF)以及柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)。
DOC的主要功能是对一氧化碳(CO)和非甲烷烃(NMHC)的还原。当存在时,DOC附加地构造成生成二氧化氮(NO2),二氧化氮可由远程地设置在DOC下游的SCR使用,并且在下文会更详细地描述。DOC通常包含由诸如铂和/或钯的贵金属构成的催化剂物质,该催化剂物质在这里用于实现上述目的。通常,关于NO2的生成,DOC变得激活并且在升高温度下达到操作效率。因此,如图1和2中所示,DOC可紧密联接于涡轮增压器24,以在气体到达DOC之前减小来自废气流26的热能损失。
LNT的主要功能是减少氮氧化物或NOX,该氮氧化物或NOX作为在燃烧事件之后空气中氮气和氧气的反应副产物而由发动机12排放至废气流26中。LNT通过吸附从废气流26中去除NOX分子,即在发动机12的操作期间将它们捕集和存储在内部,由此类似于分子海绵那样起作用。通常,LNT包括具有催化洗涂层的陶瓷基底结构,即与活性贵金属混合,该活性贵金属施加于基底的通道。
SCR的主要功能是例如借助通过构造成DOC的第一AT装置32生成的NO2将氮氧化物(NOX)转换成双原子氮(N2)和水(H2O)。SCR可构造成1通过滤器或2通过滤器,该1通过滤器过滤微粒物质或烟尘,且该2通过滤器包括催化洗涂层并且承担两个功能,即过滤微粒物质和还原NOX。为了有效地去除NOX,SCR转换过程附加地需要预定量的氨(NH3)存在于富燃料废气流26中。
DPF的主要功能是收集和处置由发动机12排出的微粒物质。DPF用作用于从废气流26中去除微粒物质(确切地说,烟尘)的捕集器。类似于上文描述的DOC,DPF可包含诸如铂和/或钯的贵金属,这些贵金属会用作催化剂以实现所述目的。然而,当用于SCRF时,可去除DPF中的这些贵金属。
如图所示,DOC或LNT第一AT装置32定位在包括SCR和DPF的第二AT装置34上游。AT系统30还包括排气通道36,该排气通道构造成将废气流26从第一AT装置32输送或载送至第二AT装置34。排气通道36可由输送管道38限定,该输送管道流体地连接第一和第二AT装置32、34。如图所示,排气通道36沿着轴线Y设置,并且废气流26沿着轴线Y行进。作为AT系统30的一部分,喷射器40设置在第一AT装置32下游。喷射器40构造成生成含有氨(NH3)的还原剂42的喷雾、例如尿素水溶液(也称为柴油机排气处理液(DEF)),并且将还原剂引入到排气通道36中,用于经由第二AT装置34来减小诸如NOX的特定污染物的浓度。如图1中所示,喷射器40可接收来自可再填充贮存器44的还原剂42。
当进入第二AT装置基质的废气流和还原剂42是相对均匀的混合物时,第二AT装置34在处理废气流26方面最有效。附加地,在含有还原剂的废气流26的流动中的任何诱发漩涡运动可对第二AT装置34的入口产生更全面的覆盖,由此便于在发动机12的冷启动期间更快速地引燃,并且便于第二AT装置和AT系统30整体通常更有效的操作。
AT系统30还包括控制器48。控制器48可以是独立单元,或者是调节发动机12的操作的电子控制单元(ECU)的一部分。控制器48设置在车辆10上,并且包括处理器和易于访问的非瞬态存储器。用于控制AT系统30的操作的指令经编程或记录在控制器48的存储器中,并且处理器构造成在车辆10的操作期间执行来自存储器的指令。控制器48通常经编程以调节用于在发动机12的操作期间将还原剂42引入到排气通道36中的喷射器40,以由此减小特定污染物的浓度。
如图3-5中所示,可变位置混合器50在喷射器40下游并且在传感器第二AT装置34上游设置在排气通道36内。如图所示,可变位置混合器50可包括多个可动遮板或叶片,这里示作在第一遮板组56中具有三个上游个体遮板元件52A、52B、52C以及三个下游个体遮板元件53A、53B、53C,且在第二遮板组58中具有三个相对的上游个体遮板元件54A、54B、54C以及三个下游个体遮板元件55A、55B、55C,但第一和第二遮板组的每个中的遮板数量可更多或更少。此外如图所示,遮板元件52A、52B、52C、53A、53B、53C、54A、54B、54C、55A、55B和55C经由相应的枢转轴元件60A、60B、60C、61A、61B、61C、62A、62B、62C、63A、63B和63C在第一AT装置32和第二AT装置34之间可枢转地安装于输送管道38。因此,枢转轴60A、60B、60C、61A、61B、61C、62A、62B、62C、63A、63B和63C限定个体遮板52A、52B、52C、53A、53B、53C、54A、54B、54C、55A、55B和55C相对于排气通道36的相应枢转轴线。
可变位置混合器50构造成通过旋转范围66操作,该旋转范围可限定为相对于排气通道36的轴线Y在+θ和-θ之间的夹角在图3-5中示出)。当第一和第二遮板组58A、58B的遮板元件处于它们的相应直接通过位置(图5中示出)时,在针对每个遮板组的夹角θ基本上是零的情形下,废气流26不受干扰地穿透过可变位置混合器50的平面并且继续如此穿透至第二AT装置34。换言之,相应的第一和第二遮板组56、58的直接通过位置允许废气流26在排气通道36内的层流。
另一方面,当第一和第二遮板组56、58的遮板元件处于它们的相应漩涡位置(图3-4中示出)中时,在针对每个组的夹角θ大于零的情形下,废气流26由可变位置混合器50偏转,以使得湍流或漩涡在进入第二AT装置34的废气流中增大、增强或加强。此外,如图4中所示,所述多个可枢转遮板可同步,以使得第一遮板组56沿第一方向枢转(例如,其中,针对遮板52A、52B、52C的夹角是-θ,且针对遮板53A、53B、53C的夹角是+θ),此时,第二遮板组58沿与第一方向相反的第二方向枢转(其中,在同一示例中,针对遮板54A、54B、54C的夹角是+θ,而针对遮板55A、55B和55C的夹角是-θ)。第一和第二遮板组56、58由此有效地控制废气流26在排气通道36内的通过和平稳性。
可变位置混合器50还包括机构68,该机构构造成调节可变位置混合器50介于第一混合器位置和第二混合器位置之间并且包括第一混合器位置和第二混合器位置、即介于+θ和-θ夹角之间并且包括+θ和-θ的位置。图3-4中示出的第一混合器位置是这样的特定位置,其中,夹角θ处于某个特定数值、如上所述接近+θ或-θ,并且该第一混合器位置构造成便于并且最大化、即增大、增强或加强由排气通道36载送的废气流26中的漩涡运动和湍流,该排气通道用于使得引入的还原剂42与废气流混合。图5中示出的第二混合器位置是这样的特定位置,在该位置中,夹角θ同样如上所述基本上等于零,且该第二混合器位置构造成减小或最小化由可变位置混合器50生成的背压。在第二混合器位置中,由可变位置混合器50生成的背压接近构造成不具有混合器的通道36的背压。于是,机构68构造成在如下两个方面之间进行选择:在由排气通道36载送的废气流26中生成预定程度的漩涡运动和湍流,以及减小由可变位置混合器50生成的背压。
确切地说,机构68构造成使得第一和第二遮板组56、58的遮板相对于轴线Y移动,以由此选择并锁定可变位置混合器沿着上述旋转范围66的期望位置。在所示出的实施例中,机构68构造成致使第一遮板组56的遮板串联地、即基本上一致地旋转到所选择的可用位置中。同时,如上所述,机构68构造成致使第二遮板组58的遮板沿针对第一组56选择的一个方向的相反方向串联地旋转。机构66可构造成选择并锁定第一和第二遮板组56、58的遮板的离散中间位置,或者无限地改变所述遮板在相对于轴线Y的旋转范围66上、即在夹角+θ和夹角-θ之间的位置。
机构68可包括第一可移动板72和第二可移动板74,该第一可移动板构造成经由第一组连接点72A来枢转第一遮板组56,而该第二可移动板构造成经由第二组连接点74A来枢转第二遮板组58。附加地,机构68可包括多连杆结构76,该多连杆结构操作地连接于第一板72和第二板74并且构造成移动该第一板和第二板。如图所示,多连杆结构76包括第一连杆75A和第二连杆76A,该第一连杆构造成使得板72沿着横向于轴线Y的轴线X移动,而该第二连杆构造成使得板74沿着轴线X移动。
机构68可附加地包括致动器78,该致动器构造成操作多连杆结构76,且由此选择针对可变位置混合器50的期望位置。致动器78可以是机电的(例如,图3中所示的电动机)、气动的或液压的。如图所示,致动器78可经由杆件臂80连接于第一连杆75A并且经由杆件臂82连接于第二连杆76A,以影响第一组56沿第二遮板组58的相反方向的期望运动。控制器48可经编程,以响应于发动机12的特定操作状况来调节机构68,例如当包含还原剂42的废气流26的漩涡运动最有益时,命令机构来沿如上所述与针对第一组56选择的方向相反的方向旋转第二遮板组58的遮板。
具体实施方式和视图或附图是对本发明的支持和描述,但本发明的范围仅仅由权利要求所限定。虽然已详细地描述了用于执行所要求的本发明的其中一些最佳模式和其它实施例,但存在用于实践限定在所附权利要求中的本发明的各种替代设计和实施例。此外,附图中示出的实施例或者本文描述中提及的各个实施例的特征并非必须理解为彼此独立的实施例。而是,在实施例的其中一个示例中描述的每个特征可与来自其它实施例的一个或多个其它期望特征相组合,以产生并未用词语或者参照附图描述的其它实施例。因此,这些其它实施例落在所附权利要求的范围框架内。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于来自内燃机的废气流的后处理(AT)系统,所述AT系统包括:
第一AT装置;
第二AT装置,所述第二AT装置与所述第一AT装置流体连通,并在所述第一AT装置下游定位在所述废气流中,并且构造成减小污染物的浓度;
排气通道,所述排气通道构造成将所述废气流从所述第一AT装置载送至所述第二AT装置;
喷射器,所述喷射器构造成将还原剂引入到所述排气通道中;
可变位置混合器,所述可变位置混合器在所述喷射器下游设置在所述排气通道内;以及
机构,所述机构构造成调节所述可变位置混合器介于第一混合器位置和第二混合器位置之间并且包括所述第一混合器位置和所述第二混合器位置的位置,所述第一混合器位置构造成增大由所述排气通道载送的废气流中的漩涡运动和湍流,以由此使得所述引入的还原剂与所述废气流混合,而所述第二混合器位置构造成减小由所述混合器生成的背压。
2.根据权利要求1所述的AT系统,其中,所述可变位置混合器包括多个可枢转遮板。
3.根据权利要求2所述的AT系统,其中,所述多个可枢转遮板包括第一遮板和第二遮板,且所述多个可枢转遮板同步,以使得所述第一遮板沿第一方向枢转,此时所述第二遮板沿第二方向枢转,所述第二方向与所述第一方向相反。
4.根据权利要求3所述的AT系统,其中,所述第一和第二遮板设置在相应的第一和第二枢转轴上,且其中,所述第一和第二枢转轴的每个安装于所述排气通道。
5.根据权利要求3所述的AT系统,其中,所述机构包括可移动板,所述可移动板构造成使得所述第一和第二遮板的每个枢转。
6.根据权利要求5所述的AT系统,其中,所述机构附加地包括多连杆结构,所述多连杆结构操作地连接于所述板并且构造成移动所述板。
7.根据权利要求6所述的AT系统,其中,所述机构附加地包括致动器,所述致动器构造成操作所述多连杆结构。
8.根据权利要求1所述的AT系统,进一步包括电子控制器,所述电子控制器构造成调节所述机构。
9.根据权利要求1所述的AT系统,其中,
所述内燃机是压缩点火式发动机;
所述还原剂是具有尿素水溶液的柴油机排气处理液(DEF);以及
所述污染物是氮氧化物(NOX)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的AT系统,其中,
所述第一AT装置是柴油机氧化催化剂(DOC)和贫燃NOX捕集器(LNT)的一种;以及
所述第二AT装置是双功能基质,所述双功能基质包括选择性催化还原(SCR)催化剂和柴油机微粒过滤器(DPF)。
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