CN109413749A - A kind of analysis of SCMA network capacity and layered multicast resource allocation methods - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of analyses of SCMA network capacity and layered multicast resource allocation methods, using SCMA in wireless multicast communication, the capacity of multicast system is extended using the advantage of SCMA, formula has been carried out to the capacity of system first, and SCMA network is applied to using layered multicast technique herein, it is applied in SCMA network using layered coding technique, so that the capacity of system is no longer limited by the channel quality of worst user in multicast system, improve the efficiency of information transmission and the utilization rate of channel, provide the experience of user, the present invention maximizes the capacity of system using resource allocation algorithm, in order to reduce computation complexity, it also proposed suboptimization algorithm, the suboptimization algorithm is divided into power distribution and code book distributes two stages.Simulation result shows feasibility of the algorithm of proposition in the SCMA network and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDMA) network based on layered multicast.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of communication, in particular to a method for SCMA network capacity analysis and layered multicast resource allocation.
Background
Compared with the orthogonal frequency division multiple access technology, the non-orthogonal multiple access technology can enable the system to obtain higher throughput and accept more users, and therefore becomes one of the candidate technologies which are popular in 5G. In the existing non-orthogonal multiple access technology, sparse code multiple access is a code domain strategy. Unlike low density identification sequence techniques, SCMA can obtain the gains of multidimensional constellations. In SCMA networks, the input bits are mapped directly onto a sparse codeword, which is selected from a predefined codebook. Each codebook corresponds to a data stream, and the number of codebook sets requires more than the number of physical resources (e.g., subcarriers). Due to the nature of the SCMA load, each codebook may be used by multiple data streams, thus requiring multi-user detection techniques (MUD) at the receiving end.
Currently, much of the research in SCMA networks is focused on network analysis and design of SCMA codebooks. An iterative multi-user receiver utilizing the diversity gain and coding gain of SCMA is discussed. With the development of multicast broadcast technology in a cell, wireless multicast technology can transmit the same data to all members of the same multicast group. In conventional multicast transmission strategies, network capacity is limited by the channel quality of the worst user in the multicast group. In order to solve the problem, an opportunistic multicasting strategy based on layered coding is proposed, when the layered coding is adopted, original multicast data is coded into a base layer and a plurality of enhancement layers, the base layer data needs to be correctly received by all users, the enhancement layer data is provided for users with better channel conditions, and the more enhancement layer data can be received with better channel conditions. Therefore, in the transmission strategy of the opportunistic multicasting adopting the layered coding, higher system throughput can be obtained than that of the traditional multicasting strategy. However, in the past, SCMA networks have been studied with a focus on unicast transmission, and thus cannot meet the existing network transmission requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks or shortcomings, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for SCMA network capacity analysis and hierarchical multicast resource allocation.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a SCMA network capacity analysis and layered multicast resource allocation method comprises the following steps:
1) layering the original multicast data into base layer data and enhancement layer data; the base layer data is data which can be correctly received by all users in the multicast group; the enhancement layer data is data which is received in a differentiation mode according to users with different channel qualities in a multicast group;
2) performing codebook distribution and power distribution on the base layer data and the enhancement layer data;
3) and after SCMA coding is carried out on the base layer data and the enhancement layer data after the codebook distribution and the power distribution, data transmission is carried out through a frequency selection channel, so that a receiving end recovers the original multicast data according to the distribution information of the codebook.
The step 2) of performing codebook allocation and power allocation on the base layer data and the enhancement layer data specifically includes:
2.1, defining the multicast rate of the base layer data as:
wherein ,indicates the rate of base layer data needs, hu,kRepresents the channel gain of user u on subcarrier k, whereη denotes the path loss constant, duRepresenting the distance from user u to the base station, α representing the road loss coefficient, pu,kRepresenting Rayleigh fading, P, of user u on subcarrier kbRepresents the total power of the transmission base layer, which is equally distributed among the LB codewords, δ2Representing the noise power on a codebook in a broadcast channel; u ═ 1.. U } represents a group of multicast users having the same QoS requirements, and each user employs a single antenna, system bandwidthMay be divided into a set of subcarrier sets, denoted by K { 1.. K.,. K } for system bandwidth may be divided into a set of subcarrier sets, C { 1.. C.., C } for codebook sets, and B { 1.. B } for codebook sets allocated to base layer data;
2.2, defining the multicast rate of the enhancement layer data as:
wherein ,PeRepresenting the total power of the transmission of the enhancement layer, which is equally allocated to the LE codewords;
2.3, the capacity of the system is expressed as:
wherein the M-1, M represents a set of users that meet the enhancement layer minimum rate requirement,
the capacity maximization allocation of the system is as follows:
3.1, the capacity maximization allocation formula is as follows:
satisfies the following conditions:
Pb+Pe≤P,Pb≥0,Pe≥0 (c)
the constraint (b) indicates that the same codebook in codebook set C cannot be allocated to both base layer and enhancement layer data. Due to the limited total transmission power, Pb and PeThe constraint (c) needs to be satisfied. The constraint (d) represents minimum rates of the base layer and the enhancement layer securing user requirements;
and 3.2, obtaining a solution of the capacity maximization allocation formula of the optimization problem by adopting a suboptimal fast algorithm (FSA).
The sub-optimal fast algorithm (FSA) is:
4.1, code book distribution stage:
assuming that the total power P of the base station is equal power distributed to all codebooks, the problem formula of codebook distribution is as follows:
minB；
satisfies the following conditions:
then calculating the multicast rate on each codebook, arranging the multicast rates in descending order, selecting the codebooks in the order from high to low, and calculating the sum rate until the base layer rate is satisfied;
4.2, power distribution stage:
the power allocation may be formulated as:
minPb
satisfies the following conditions:
when a codebook set B allocated to a base layer is determined, RBThe new formula is:
the above equation is a logarithmic function and the function is monotonically increasing, so that when the function is a logarithmic functionWhen is, PbObtaining a minimum value;
4.3, finally, the Power distribution problem is switched to solving PbThe problem of the B-order polynomial of (a), is expressed as:
wherein ,is a constant;
solving for P using MatlabbPower P of enhancement layere＝P-Pb. Then, set B, ε, Pb and PeAnd the capacity of the system is obtained.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a method for SCMA network capacity analysis and layered multicast resource allocation, which is characterized in that SCMA is applied in wireless multicast communication, the capacity of a multicast system is expanded by using the advantages of SCMA, firstly, the capacity of the system is formulated, and a layered multicast technology is applied to the SCMA network, and a layered coding technology is applied to the SCMA network, so that the capacity of the system is not limited by the channel quality of the worst user in the multicast system, the efficiency of information transmission and the utilization rate of the channel are improved, and the user experience is provided.
Furthermore, the invention adopts a resource allocation algorithm to maximize the capacity of the system, and provides a suboptimal algorithm for reducing the computational complexity, wherein the suboptimal algorithm is divided into two stages of power allocation and codebook allocation. Simulation results show the feasibility of the proposed algorithm in a hierarchical multicast based SCMA network and an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDMA) network.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a network model architecture of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block flow diagram of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a system based on a hierarchical multicast policy in an SCMA network of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the number of users and system capacity of the present invention;
FIG. 5 λ is a graph of the number of users of the present invention versus λ;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the number of users and the average degradation probability of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a graph of total base station power versus average degradation probability for the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph of base station total power versus system capacity for the present invention;
fig. 9 is a minimum rate versus system capacity diagram of the base layer requirements of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings, wherein the described embodiments are only some, but not all embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without any inventive step based on the embodiments of the present invention, belong to the scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the network model of the present invention is:
considering a downlink single-cell SCMA network, the network model is shown in fig. 1, with a group of multicast users denoted as U { 1.. U.,. U }, the group of multicast users having the same QoS requirements, and each user employing a single antenna. The system bandwidth may be divided into a set of subcarrier sets, denoted by K { 1. At the base station, each data stream with the length of log2M bits is directly mapped into a preset composite codebook with K dimensions, and L (L < K) non-zero sparse elements exist in a K-dimensional matrix. The codebook set is denoted by C ═ 1.. C.., C }, and the number of codebooks is a function of the length K of the codebook and L nonzero elements. Therefore, the mapping relationship between the codebook and the subcarriers can be expressed as follows:
f is a C × K matrix, binary element ac,kA is 0 or 1, if codebook c is used by subcarrier k, then ac,kAnd taking the value as 1, otherwise, taking 0. Here the sparse matrix F has L1 elements per row.
Each multicast data stream is mapped to a codebook c, resulting in a sparse codeword vector xcThen, | xc||2All codebooks C are multiplexed onto K subcarriers. PcRepresents the power allocated on each codebook c and satisfies Σc∈CPcP, where P represents the total power of the base station. Thus, the signal received by user u can be expressed as:
where h isu＝(hu,1,...hu,K) Represents the channel vector, hu,kRepresenting the channel gain of user u on subcarrier k,whereinη denotes the path loss constant, duRepresenting the distance from user u to the base station, α representing the road loss coefficient, pu,kRepresenting the Rayleigh fading, n, of user u on subcarrier kuRepresenting additive white gaussian noise for user u.
Due to the sparsity of SCMA code words, a receiving end can adopt a Message Passing Algorithm (MPA) with lower complexity and a multi-user joint iteration method, and therefore approximate multi-user maximum likelihood decoding is achieved. SCMA is code domain non-orthogonal multiple access technology, which transmits a plurality of data streams from one or a plurality of users in the same time frequency resource unit through code domain spread spectrum and non-orthogonal superposition; and the receiving end separates a plurality of data streams in the same time-frequency resource unit through linear de-spreading. Thus, codebooks from different data streams may be decoded without interfering with each other. It is assumed that each user feeds back its instantaneous channel information to the base station through an error-free feedback channel. The reuse situation of the user codebook of the non-multicast group is not considered, and the links of the multicast group do not interfere with each other. KcRepresenting a set of subcarriers using codebook c. Thus, the signal-to-noise ratio of user u on codebook c can be expressed as:
Pc,krepresenting the power loaded when codebook c is employed on subcarrier k,representing the noise power in the broadcast channel on codebook c. Assuming that the noise power on each codebook is equal, for example: in a wide scopeThe rate of user u on codebook c in the broadcast channel is represented as:
Ru,c＝log2(1+γu,c)。
based on the above network model, as shown in fig. 2, the present invention provides a method for SCMA network capacity analysis and hierarchical multicast resource allocation, which includes:
1) layering the original multicast data into base layer data and enhancement layer data; the base layer data is data which can be correctly received by all users in the multicast group; the enhancement layer data is data which is received in a differentiation mode according to users with different channel qualities in a multicast group;
as shown in fig. 3, a block diagram of a system based on a hierarchical multicast policy in an SCMA network. The original multicast data is first encoded into a base layer and enhancement layers. The base layer data requires that all users in the multicast group can correctly receive the data, and the multicast group users can correctly decode the subsequent data only if the users correctly receive the data of the base layer. The enhancement layer data is received differentially according to users with different channel qualities in the multicast group, that is, users with good channel quality can receive more enhancement layer data, and more enhancement layer data are received by users, and the higher quality original data can be recovered. Sufficient codebooks are first allocated to the base layer data and, if there are remaining codebooks, to the data of the enhancement layer. And recovering the original multicast data at the receiving end according to the distribution information of the codebook.
2) Performing codebook distribution and power distribution on the base layer data and the enhancement layer data;
performing codebook allocation and power allocation on the base layer data and the enhancement layer data specifically comprises:
2.1, defining the multicast rate of the base layer data as:
wherein ,indicates the rate of base layer data needs, hu,kRepresents the channel gain of user u on subcarrier k, whereη denotes the path loss constant, duRepresenting the distance from user u to the base station, α representing the road loss coefficient, pu,kRepresenting Rayleigh fading, P, of user u on subcarrier kbRepresents the total power of the transmission base layer, which is equally distributed among the LB codewords, δ2Representing the noise power on a codebook in a broadcast channel; u ═ 1.. U.,. U } represents a group of multicast users having the same QoS requirements, and each user employs a single antenna, the system bandwidth can be divided into a set of subcarrier sets, K ═ 1.. K.,. K } represents that the system bandwidth can be divided into a set of subcarrier sets, C ═ 1.. C.,. C } represents a codebook set, B ═ 1.,. B } represents a codebook set allocated to the base layer data;
2.2, defining the multicast rate of the enhancement layer data as:
wherein ,PeRepresenting the total power of the transmission of the enhancement layer, which is equally allocated to the LE codewords;
2.3, the capacity of the system is expressed as:
wherein the M-1, M represents a set of users that meet the enhancement layer minimum rate requirement,
1. the capacity maximization allocation of the system is as follows:
3.1, the capacity maximization allocation formula is as follows:
satisfies the following conditions:
Pb+Pe≤P,Pb≥0,Pe≥0 (c)
the constraint (b) indicates that the same codebook in codebook set C cannot be allocated to both base layer and enhancement layer data. Due to the limited total transmission power, Pb and PeThe constraint (c) needs to be satisfied. The constraint (d) represents minimum rates of the base layer and the enhancement layer securing user requirements;
and 3.2, obtaining a solution of the capacity maximization allocation formula of the optimization problem by adopting a suboptimal fast algorithm (FSA). The optimization problem is a hybrid combining problem. Although the optimal solution can be obtained by using the traversal search method, the calculation complexity is high, and the method is not suitable for a practical system, so that a sub-optimal fast algorithm (FSA) can be used for reducing the complexity. Therefore, the invention provides a suboptimal fast algorithm which is divided into two stages of codebook allocation and power allocation.
4.1, code book distribution stage:
to maximize system throughput, the codebook needs to be allocated more to the enhancement layer data. In the codebook distribution stage, the total power P of the base station is equal power distributed to all codebooks, and the codebook distribution problem formula is as follows:
minB；
satisfies the following conditions:
then calculating the multicast rate on each codebook, arranging the multicast rates in descending order, selecting the codebooks in the order from high to low, and calculating the sum rate until the base layer rate is satisfied;
the detailed codebook allocation step is shown in algorithm 1:
4.2, power distribution stage:
the power allocation is performed after the codebook allocation is completed, and the purpose of the power allocation is to minimize P when the QoS requirement of the base layer rate of all users is guaranteed in priorityb. The power allocation may be formulated as:
minPb
satisfies the following conditions:
when a codebook set B allocated to a base layer is determined, RBThe new formula is:
the above equation is a logarithmic function and the function is monotonically increasing, so that when the function is a logarithmic functionWhen is, PbObtaining a minimum value;
4.3, finally, the Power distribution problem is switched to solving PbThe problem of the B-order polynomial of (a), is expressed as:
wherein ,is a constant;
solving for P using MatlabbPower P of enhancement layere＝P-Pb. Then, set B, ε, Pb and PeAnd the capacity of the system is obtained.
3) And after SCMA coding is carried out on the base layer data and the enhancement layer data after the codebook distribution and the power distribution, data transmission is carried out through a frequency selection channel, so that a receiving end recovers the original multicast data according to the distribution information of the codebook.
A hierarchical multicast strategy based on hierarchical coding is proposed in an SCMA network, and a capacity expression of the system is formulated. In order to further improve the system capacity, an optimization problem of maximizing the system capacity is provided on the basis of resource limitation and the requirement of ensuring the minimum base layer rate. Consider that the optimization problem is a problem of hybrid combinations that are computationally complex. In order to reduce the computational complexity, a low-complexity sub-optimal algorithm is therefore proposed.
The experimental simulation process comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 4, the relationship between the number of multicast users and the system capacity is simulated. It can be seen from the simulation that the system capacity when the hierarchical multicast strategy is adopted increases with the number of users, the system capacity first increases and then decreases. However, the system capacity of the algorithm employing the layered coding strategy is still higher than that employing the conventional multicast strategy (CM-SCMA or CM-OFDMA) for the same group of networks. This is because the number of users in the enhancement layer user set M increases and then decreases as the number of users in the multicast group increases, which is caused by the increase in the number of bad users in the multicast group. Also, it is clear that the multicast capacity of SCMA networks is higher than that of OFDMA networks. This also means that the FSA algorithm proposed by the present invention can achieve more system efficiency than using the EPCRA algorithm.
Firstly, the ratio of the number of the user sets M to the number of the user sets U is defined asIndicating how many users in the multicast group can achieve a higher quality of QoS. Fig. 5 simulates the number of users versus λ. From simulations it can be seen that as the number of users in a multicast group increases, λ will decrease continuously. This is because the base layer data needs to be guaranteed first to be correctly received by each multicast user, and therefore transmission of this portion of data is also guaranteed first in the resource allocation. When the number of users increases, more resources need to be allocated for transmitting the base layer data, and therefore, the physical resources allocated to the enhancement layer data for transmission are correspondingly reduced, so that the number of users capable of acquiring the enhancement layer data is reduced.
Fig. 6 and 7 simulate the average degradation probability of the proposed algorithm as a function of the number of users and the total power of the base station. Fig. 5 shows that as the number of users increases, both the physical layer resources consumed by the base layer and the average degradation probability increase. This is because as the number of users increases, the probability of poor users increasing, and thus more physical resources are required to be allocated to the base layer for transmission, and therefore the physical resources used for transmitting the enhancement layer data decrease, and thus the average degradation probability increases. Fig. 7 shows that as the total power of the base station increases, the average degradation probability also decreases. This is because as the total base station power increases, less physical resources are provided to meet the base layer rate requirements and, therefore, more physical resources can be provided to the enhancement layer. Under the same conditions, the average degradation probability of the SCMA network is lower than that of the OFDMA network.
Figure 8 simulates the relationship of base station total power to system capacity. The system capacity of FSA-SCMA is close to that of CMS-SCMA when the transmission power is 26 dBm. This is because the worst user in multicast has not yet reached the rate requirement to receive the base layer data and therefore no physical resources are available for the user to transmit the data of the enhancement layer. Similar to fig. 5, the system capacity in SCMA networks is better than OFDMA networks, especially when there is a higher base station transmit power.
Figure 9 simulates the minimum rate of base layer requirements versus system capacity. When in useWhen increased, the system requires more physical resources. The physical resources provided for transmission by the enhancement layer are reduced and therefore the system capacity is reduced. At the same time, it can be seen that the channel quality of the worst user has a large impact on the capacity of the system. In SCMA networks and OFDMA networks, the hierarchical multicast strategy is reduced to the traditional multicast strategy, i.e., when all physical resources are used to transmit base layer data
From the above simulations, it can be seen that SCMA networks are superior to OFDMA networks in employing multicast transmission techniques due to their loaded nature and their more efficient use of frequency resources than OFDMA networks.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the invention, and thus, modifications and variations may be made in the invention by those skilled in the art, which will embody the principles of the invention and achieve the objects and objectives of the invention while remaining within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for SCMA network capacity analysis and hierarchical multicast resource allocation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) layering the original multicast data into base layer data and enhancement layer data; the base layer data is data which can be correctly received by all users in the multicast group; the enhancement layer data is data which is received in a differentiation mode according to users with different channel qualities in a multicast group;
2) performing codebook distribution and power distribution on the base layer data and the enhancement layer data;
3) and after SCMA coding is carried out on the base layer data and the enhancement layer data after the codebook distribution and the power distribution, data transmission is carried out through a frequency selection channel, so that a receiving end recovers the original multicast data according to the distribution information of the codebook.
2. The SCMA network capacity analysis and hierarchical multicast resource allocation method according to claim 1, wherein the step 2) of codebook allocation and power allocation for base layer data and enhancement layer data specifically comprises:
2.1, defining the multicast rate of the base layer data as:
wherein ,indicates the rate of base layer data needs, hu,kRepresents the channel gain of user u on subcarrier k, whereη denotes the path loss constant, duRepresenting the distance from user u to the base station, α representing the road loss coefficient, pu,kRepresenting Rayleigh fading, P, of user u on subcarrier kbRepresents the total power of the transmission base layer, which is equally distributed to delta among LB code words2，δ2Representing the noise power on a codebook in a broadcast channel; u ═ 1.. U.,. U } denotes a group of multicast users having the same QoS requirements, and each user employs a single antenna, the system bandwidth can be divided into a set of subcarrier sets, denoted by K ═ 1.. K.,. K } denotes that the system bandwidth can be divided into a set of subcarrier sets, C ═ 1.. C.,. C } denotes a codebook set, B ═ 1.,. B } denotes allocation to a baseA codebook set of the layer data;
2.2, defining the multicast rate of the enhancement layer data as:
wherein ,PeRepresenting the total power of the transmission of the enhancement layer, which is equally allocated to the LE codewords;
2.3, the capacity of the system is expressed as:
wherein the M-1, M represents a set of users that meet the enhancement layer minimum rate requirement,
3. the SCMA network capacity analysis and hierarchical multicast resource allocation method according to claim 2, wherein the capacity maximization allocation of the system is:
3.1, the capacity maximization allocation formula is as follows:
satisfies the following conditions:
Pb+Pe≤P,Pb≥0,Pe≥0 (c)
the constraint (b) indicates that the same codebook in codebook set C cannot be allocated to both base layer and enhancement layer data, P due to limited total transmission powerb and PeThe constraint (c) representing minimum rates of the base layer and the enhancement layer securing the user's needs to be satisfied;
and 3.2, obtaining a solution of the capacity maximization allocation formula of the optimization problem by adopting a suboptimal fast algorithm (FSA).
4. A SCMA network capacity analysis and hierarchical multicast resource allocation method according to claim 3, characterized in that the sub-optimal fast algorithm (FSA) is:
4.1, code book distribution stage:
assuming that the total power P of the base station is equal power distributed to all codebooks, the problem formula of codebook distribution is as follows:
minB；
satisfies the following conditions:
then calculating the multicast rate on each codebook, arranging the multicast rates in descending order, selecting the codebooks in the order from high to low, and calculating the sum rate until the base layer rate is satisfied;
4.2, power distribution stage:
the power allocation may be formulated as:
minPb
satisfies the following conditions:
when a codebook set B allocated to a base layer is determined, RBThe new formula is:
the above equation is a logarithmic function, and the function is monotonically increasing, so,when in useWhen is, PbObtaining a minimum value;
4.3, finally, the Power distribution problem is switched to solving PbThe problem of the B-order polynomial of (a), is expressed as:
wherein ,is a constant;
solving for P using MatlabbPower P of enhancement layere＝P-PbThen, set B, epsilon, Pb and PeAnd the capacity of the system is obtained.
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