CN109412714A - A kind of method of sky wave propagation loss in measurement ionosphere - Google Patents
A kind of method of sky wave propagation loss in measurement ionosphere Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of sky wave propagation loss in measurement ionosphere, and the method steps are as follows: being first layered in ionosphere in vertical direction；Then refraction path of the electromagnetic wave in ionosphere is obtained by the frequency of the launch angle of electromagnetic wave transmitting terminal and electromagnetic wave used；Then ionosphere is calculated separately in each layer to the absorption loss of electromagnetic wave；The absorption loss of each layer is added with free-space propagation loss finally, obtains the total losses value in entire ionosphere.Present method invention can relatively accurately estimate the loss value of Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in ionosphere, provide calculating reference for the sky wave communications radio wave propagation loss based on ionospheric reflection, can be applied in various sky wave communications systems.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to sky wave communications technical fields, in particular to one in sky wave communications based on by ionospheric reflection
The method of sky wave propagation loss in kind measurement ionosphere.
Background technique
Sky wave refers to the radio wave propagated by ionospheric reflection.Currently, the suction due to the earth to radio wave
Receive it is larger, sky-wave transmission be long-haul radio principal mode.And electromagnetic wave is in ionosphere when propagating, ionosphere pair
Electromagnetic wave has absorption.Therefore, it calculates because the radio wave loss that the absorption in ionosphere generates has weight in sky wave communications
Want meaning.Not only it is related to the determination of effective communication distance, also provides important evidence to emit the determination of end signal strength.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to solve drawbacks described above in the prior art, sky wave in a kind of measurement ionosphere is provided and is passed
The method for broadcasting loss, for measuring and estimating that the electromagnetic wave in the sky wave propagation through ionospheric reflection is lost.This method can be applied
Into the various communication systems through ionospheric reflection, there is stronger universality and practicability.
The purpose of the present invention can be reached by adopting the following technical scheme that:
The method of sky wave propagation loss, the method include the following steps: in a kind of measurement ionosphere
S1, the layering in height progress vertical direction is pressed to it according to the state in measurement moment ionosphere；
S2, according to the frequency of electromagnetic wave used and the angle of transmitting antenna, determine that electromagnetic wave is close in each layer in ionosphere
Like propagation path；
S3, absorptivity when electromagnetic wave is propagated in each layer in ionosphere is calculated separately；
S4, the propagation distance according to the absorptivity and electromagnetic wave of electromagnetic wave in each layer in ionosphere, obtain each layer
Absorption loss；
S5, absorption loss summation of the electromagnetic wave in each layer in ionosphere is always damaged along with free-space propagation is lost
Consumption.
Further, the step S1 process is as follows:
Ionosphere is divided into D layers, E layers, F1 layers, F2 layers, the thickness d h of each layer from low to highiRespectively 40km, 40km,
80km, 250km, wherein D layers of atmosphere below with a thickness of 50km, in formula, i=1,2,3,4, i=1 represent D layers, i=2 generation
E layers of table, i=3 represents F1 layers, and i=4 represents F2 layers.
Further, the step S2 process is as follows:
S21, assume that electromagnetic wave injects the angle, θ in ionosphere from atmosphere0It is 45 °, calculates electromagnetic wave in each layer in ionosphere
The refractive index of middle propagation, the refractive index are determined that calculation formula is as follows by the electron density of this layer and the frequency of electromagnetic wave:
Wherein, niFor i-th layer of refraction coefficient, NiFor i-th layer of electron density, unit: m-3, f is the frequency of electromagnetic wave,
Unit: Hz；
S22, the incident angle θ that electromagnetic wave injects i+1 layer from i-th layer is calculatedi, calculation formula is as follows:
nisinθi=ni+1sinθi+1 (2)
S23, the path length x for calculating process of the electromagnetic wave in i-th layer of ionospherei, calculation formula is as follows:
Further, in the step S3, when electromagnetic wave is propagated in ionosphere, i-th layer of ionosphere is to electromagnetic wave
Absorptivity βi, by the plasma angular frequency of the frequency f of electromagnetic wave, this layerpiAnd electron collision angular frequencyciIt determines, calculates
Formula is as follows:
Wherein,
In formula, c is the light velocity, and lm is to take imaginary part, and the π of ω=2 f is the angular frequency of electromagnetic wave.
Further, the step S4 process is as follows:
Ionosphere is the sum of each layer absorption loss to total absorption loss La (dB) of electromagnetic wave, and every layer of absorption loss is to inhale
The product of yield and path, the unit that La is lost is dB, and the calculation formula of total absorption loss is as follows:
Further, the step S5 process is as follows:
S51, free-space propagation loss of the electromagnetic wave in communication process is calculated, L is lost in free-space propagationpUnit
For dB, calculation formula is as follows:
Lp=32.44dB+20lg d+20lg f (8)
In formula, d is electromagnetic wave propagation total path length, and unit: km, f are the frequency of electromagnetic wave, unit: MHz.
S52, the free-space propagation loss of electromagnetic wave is added with the absorption loss of each layer in ionosphere, as electromagnetic wave exists
The total losses propagated in ionosphere, calculation formula are as follows:
Ltotal=La+Lp (9)。
The present invention has the following advantages and effects with respect to the prior art:
1, the present invention is according to the propagation path of electromagnetic wave different height in ionosphere come computed losses, more scientific conjunction
Reason.
2, the present invention can require and ionize layer state according to computational accuracy and carry out different layerings, flexibility to ionosphere
It is relatively strong.
3, the present invention calculates simple, and accuracy is high, is applicable to the various sky wave communications systems through ionospheric reflection.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is propagation path schematic diagram of the electromagnetic wave disclosed in the present invention in ionosphere；
Fig. 2 is refraction isoboles of the electromagnetic wave disclosed in the present invention in ionosphere；
Fig. 3 is a kind of process step figure for measuring the method for sky wave propagation loss in ionosphere disclosed in the present invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the object, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiment of the invention clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present invention
In attached drawing, technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is
A part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art
Every other embodiment obtained without making creative work, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment
Present embodiment discloses a kind of methods of sky wave propagation loss in measurement ionosphere, for measuring with ionospheric reflection
Based on sky wave communications in electromagnetic wave propagation loss, when by the available electromagnetic wave of the measurement method by ionosphere
Propagation loss.As described in Figure 3, include: the step of the method for sky wave propagation loss in the measurement ionosphere
S1, the layering in height progress vertical direction is pressed to it according to the state in measurement moment ionosphere；
S2, according to the frequency of electromagnetic wave used and the angle of transmitting antenna, determine that electromagnetic wave is close in each layer in ionosphere
Like propagation path；
S3, absorptivity when electromagnetic wave is propagated in each layer in ionosphere is calculated separately；
S4, the propagation distance according to the absorptivity and electromagnetic wave of electromagnetic wave in each layer in ionosphere, obtain each layer
Absorption loss；
S5, absorption loss summation of the electromagnetic wave in each layer in ionosphere is always damaged along with free-space propagation is lost
Consumption.
Each step is described in detail below.
Step S1, ionospheric layer
Due to ionosphere various parameters variation with geographical location, season, place when etc. factors it is related, the tool in ionosphere
Body layering can be determined by the state of ionosphere at that time.Ionosphere is divided into from low to high in the present embodiment D layers, E layers, F1 layers,
F2 layers, the thickness d h of each layeriRespectively 40km, 40km, 80km, 250km, wherein D layers of atmosphere below with a thickness of 50km.
Wherein, i=1,2,3,4, i=1 represent D layers, and i=2 represents E layers, and i=3 represents F1 layers, and i=4 represents F2 layers.
Step S2, approximate propagation path of the electromagnetic wave in each layer in ionosphere is determined
Refraction path of the electromagnetic wave in each layer in ionosphere is by each layer in ionosphere to the refractive index of electromagnetic wave and electromagnetic wave
Incident angle determines.In the present embodiment, electromagnetic wave injects the angle, θ in ionosphere from atmosphere0It is 45 °.And electromagnetic wave is ionizing
The refractive index propagated in each layer of layer is determined by the electron density of this layer and the frequency of electromagnetic wave.It can be calculated by following formula:
Wherein, niFor i-th layer of refraction coefficient, NiFor i-th layer of electron density (unit: m-3), f is the frequency of electromagnetic wave
(unit: Hz).
Therefore electromagnetic wave injects the incident angle θ of i+1 layer from i-th layeriIt can be calculated by following formula:
nisinθi=ni+1sinθi+1 (2)
As shown in Fig. 2, the path length x of process of the electromagnetic wave in i-th layer of ionosphereiIt can be calculated by following formula:
Step S3, each layer in ionosphere is calculated to the absorptivity of electromagnetic wave
When electromagnetic wave is propagated in ionosphere, absorptivity β of i-th layer of the ionosphere to electromagnetic wavei, by the frequency f of electromagnetic wave,
The plasma angular frequency of this layerpiAnd electron collision angular frequencyciIt determines, calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein,
In formula, c is the light velocity, and lm is to take imaginary part, and the π of ω=2 f is the angular frequency of electromagnetic wave.
Step S4, the absorption loss in ionosphere is calculated
Ionosphere is the sum of each layer absorption loss to total absorption loss La (dB) of electromagnetic wave, and every layer of absorption loss is to inhale
The product of yield and path, total absorption loss can be calculated by following formula:
Since electromagnetic wave can be reflected back toward ground after being incident on maximum height, therefore path should be two calculated in formula (3)
Times.
Step S5, free-space propagation loss is calculated
For electromagnetic wave during the entire process of propagation, other than the absorption loss that ionosphere generates, there is also free space biographies
Loss is broadcast, L is lost in free-space propagationp(dB) it can be calculated by following formula:
Lp=32.44dB+20lg d+20lg f (8)
In formula, d (km) is electromagnetic wave propagation total path length, and f (MHz) is the frequency of electromagnetic wave.
It is added finally, being lost the free-space propagation of electromagnetic wave with the absorption loss of each layer in ionosphere, as electromagnetic wave
The total losses propagated in ionosphere.It can be calculated by following formula:
Ltotal=La+Lp (9)。
In conclusion for propagation loss of the electromagnetic wave in ionosphere in the sky wave communications based on ionospheric reflection
Calculating, the method carries out layered method absorption loss to the ionosphere of state complex, and obtains plus free space cost loss
To total losses, there is stronger universality and flexibility, and calculating is upper relatively simple, has wide application scenarios.
The above embodiment is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but embodiments of the present invention are not by above-described embodiment
Limitation, other any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, simplifications made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention,
It should be equivalent substitute mode, be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of method of sky wave propagation loss in measurement ionosphere, which is characterized in that the method includes the following steps:
S1, the layering in height progress vertical direction is pressed to it according to the state in measurement moment ionosphere；
S2, according to the frequency of electromagnetic wave used and the angle of transmitting antenna, determine that approximate in each layer in ionosphere of electromagnetic wave passes
Broadcast path；
S3, absorptivity when electromagnetic wave is propagated in each layer in ionosphere is calculated separately；
S4, the propagation distance according to the absorptivity and electromagnetic wave of electromagnetic wave in each layer in ionosphere, obtain the absorption of each layer
Loss；
S5, it sums absorption loss of the electromagnetic wave in each layer in ionosphere along with free-space propagation is lost to obtain total losses.
2. the method for sky wave propagation loss in a kind of measurement ionosphere according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Step S1 process is as follows:
Ionosphere is divided into D layers, E layers, F1 layers, F2 layers, the thickness d h of each layer from low to highiRespectively 40km, 40km, 80km,
250km, wherein D layers of atmosphere below with a thickness of 50km, in formula, i=1,2,3,4, i=1 represent D layers, and i=2 represents E
Layer, i=3 represent F1 layers, and i=4 represents F2 layers.
3. the method for sky wave propagation loss in a kind of measurement ionosphere according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described
Step S2 process is as follows:
S21, assume that electromagnetic wave injects the angle, θ in ionosphere from atmosphere0It is 45 °, calculates electromagnetic wave and propagated in each layer in ionosphere
Refractive index, which is determined that calculation formula is as follows by the electron density of this layer and the frequency of electromagnetic wave:
Wherein, niFor i-th layer of refraction coefficient, NiFor i-th layer of electron density, unit: m-3, frequency of the f for electromagnetic wave, unit:
Hz；
S22, the incident angle θ that electromagnetic wave injects i+1 layer from i-th layer is calculatedi, calculation formula is as follows:
nisinθi=ni+1sinθi+1 (2)
S23, the path length x for calculating process of the electromagnetic wave in i-th layer of ionospherei, calculation formula is as follows:
4. the method for sky wave propagation loss in a kind of measurement ionosphere according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described
In step S3, when electromagnetic wave is propagated in ionosphere, absorptivity β of i-th layer of the ionosphere to electromagnetic wavei, by the frequency of electromagnetic wave
F, the plasma angular frequency of this layerpiAnd electron collision angular frequencyciIt determines, calculation formula is as follows:
Wherein,
In formula, c is the light velocity, and lm is to take imaginary part, and the π of ω=2 f is the angular frequency of electromagnetic wave.
5. the method for sky wave propagation loss in a kind of measurement ionosphere according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described
Step S4 process is as follows:
Ionosphere is the sum of each layer absorption loss to total absorption loss La (dB) of electromagnetic wave, and every layer of absorption loss is absorptivity
With the product in path, the unit that La is lost is dB, and the calculation formula of total absorption loss is as follows:
6. the method for sky wave propagation loss in a kind of measurement ionosphere according to claim 5, which is characterized in that described
Step S5 process is as follows:
S51, free-space propagation loss of the electromagnetic wave in communication process is calculated, L is lost in free-space propagationpUnit be dB,
Calculation formula is as follows:
Lp=32.44dB+20lg d+20lg f (8)
In formula, d is electromagnetic wave propagation total path length, and unit: km, f are the frequency of electromagnetic wave, unit: MHz.
S52, the free-space propagation loss of electromagnetic wave is added with the absorption loss of each layer in ionosphere, as electromagnetic wave is ionizing
The total losses propagated in layer, calculation formula are as follows:
Ltotal=La+Lp (9)。
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Cited By (2)
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| CN116232453A (en) * | 2023-03-20 | 2023-06-06 | 中国人民解放军军事科学院系统工程研究院 | Satellite terahertz communication channel atmosphere transmission loss calculation method |
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Application publication date: 20190301 |