CN109411168B - Method for enabling low-voltage lightning arrester to have automatic separation function - Google Patents
Method for enabling low-voltage lightning arrester to have automatic separation function Download PDFInfo
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- H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
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Abstract
A method for making a low-voltage arrester have an automatic separation function belongs to the field of arresters. A built-in hot melting separation component is arranged on the lower end surface of a lower polar plate of a low-voltage lightning arrester body; the built-in hot melt detachment assembly comprises a grounding lead wire metal core wire and a low-temperature hot melt medium layer arranged between the front end of the metal core wire and the lower end face of the lower polar plate; a first spring is sleeved between the front end of the metal core wire of the grounding lead and the lower end surface of the lower polar plate; when the low-voltage lightning arrester has internal faults, the temperature of the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate rises; after the temperature of the lower polar plate exceeds the hot melting temperature point of the low-temperature hot melting dielectric layer, the metal core wire of the grounding lead wire falls off from the lower end face of the lower polar plate under the action of the pre-stored elastic force of the first spring, and the contact between the metal core wire and the lower polar plate of the low-voltage arrester is broken, so that the fault low-voltage arrester is withdrawn from operation, and the automatic separation function is realized. The method can be widely applied to the fields of design, manufacture, operation and maintenance of low-voltage lightning arresters with working voltages of 1kV to below 0.5kV and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lightning arresters, and particularly relates to a lightning arrester for overvoltage protection of a low-voltage power system.
Background
A surge arrester is an electrical device used to protect electrical equipment from transient overvoltages (lightning strikes, operation, steep waves) and to rapidly cut off power frequency follow currents, usually in parallel with the line or equipment being protected.
Its main internal element is a non-linear resistor (such as zinc oxide resistor disc), and because of its good non-linearity, it is in high-resistance state under normal power frequency voltage, and the lightning arrester can not be operated. When overvoltage occurs, the lightning arrester acts to conduct the resistor disc, overvoltage impact current absorbs partial energy through the resistor disc and then leaks to the ground, so that the overvoltage is cut, the overvoltage value suffered by protected equipment is reduced, the overvoltage of a power supply circuit is limited, the insulation of electrical equipment is protected, and the effect of protecting the electrical equipment is achieved. When the overvoltage disappears, the lightning arrester is rapidly restored to the original state, so that the system can normally supply power.
At present, most of arresters selected in China are zinc oxide arresters, and the main types of the arresters are gapless arresters and gapless arresters. Gapped arresters, which are typically commonly used for line arresters, are spaced in the line from ground by a gap. The gapless lightning arrester is widely used for equipment such as power stations and transformers and distribution lines.
The lightning arresters are classified according to rated voltage values and can be divided into three categories:
high-pressure type: the zinc oxide lightning arrester is a zinc oxide lightning arrester series product with the grade of more than 66kV, and can be roughly divided into seven grades of 1000kV, 750kV, 500kV, 330kV, 220kV, 110kV and 66 kV;
medium-pressure type: the zinc oxide lightning arrester series products in the range of 3kV to 66kV (excluding 66kV series products) can be roughly divided into four voltage levels of 3kV, 6kV, 10kV and 35 kV;
low pressure type: it refers to zinc oxide arrester series products of 3KV or less (excluding 3KV series products), and is roughly classified into four voltage classes of 1KV, 0.5KV, 0.38KV, and 0.22 KV.
The gapless lightning arrester can break down and be grounded when the gapless lightning arrester per se fails (the resistance card is affected with damp and deteriorated) and a system is abnormal. A continuous ground may then be established at the point of failure. Even if a relay protection system in the system operates, the connection between the fault point and the power supply is cut off. However, if the damaged lightning arrester cannot be found out in time for dismounting and replacing, the power supply circuit still cannot normally transmit power for operation.
A disconnector (disconnector of arrester) is a device for disconnecting the lower end lead (also called grounding lead) of the arrester from the system to eliminate the continuous failure of the system when the arrester fails. The lightning arrester disconnecting device is connected with the lightning arrester in series for use, when the lightning arrester breaks down abnormally, the disconnector is enabled to act by utilizing fault current, and the grounding end of the broken lightning arrester is automatically disconnected, so that the broken lightning arrester is quitted from running, and further expansion of accidents is prevented.
The separator can be classified into a hot-melt type (also called hot-melt type, the same applies below) separator and a thermal explosion type separator according to the principle and performance of use.
The hot melt type disconnector realizes the purpose of disconnection by fusing an alloy fuse piece in the disconnector through fault current flowing through a failure lightning arrester. A typical thermal melting type release device is disclosed in the utility model patent "high sensitive and stable thermal melting type release device" with the publication number CN 2424526Y and the publication date 3/21 in 2001, and will not be described in detail herein.
The thermal explosion type disconnector is used for generating electric arc in the disconnector by utilizing fault current flowing through failure lightning protection to detonate a thermal explosion element so as to achieve the aim of disconnection. A typical thermal explosion type disconnector is disclosed in chinese patent application "thermal explosion type disconnector for lightning arrester" published as 2009, 7, 8, CN 101477861a, and will not be described in detail herein.
The existing external hot-melting type detacher or thermal explosion type detacher is only suitable for high-voltage and medium-voltage systems and cannot be applied to low-voltage systems with the voltage below 1 kV. The reason for this is that the rated voltage/operating voltage of the arrester in the low-voltage system is low, the air gap between the two electrodes cannot be broken down, and the arc cannot be generated in the thermal explosion disconnector, so that the thermal explosion disconnector cannot achieve the purpose of disconnecting the grounding lead by igniting the thermal explosion element. Since the thermal melting type detacher is externally used, heat generated by fault current cannot be transferred to the detacher, so that the detacher cannot operate.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for enabling a low-voltage arrester to have an automatic separation function. The low-temperature hot melting structure and the quick separation structure are adopted, so that the functions of automatic hot melting disconnection of a fault arrester from a system and quick separation of a grounding lead are realized on the low-voltage arrester under the working voltage lower than 1kV, the fault arrester is ensured to automatically quit operation, and the further expansion of accidents can be prevented; the occurrence of the phenomenon of 'arc discharge' in electrification can be avoided, so that the operation safety of electrified operation equipment and a power supply line is ensured.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for enabling the low-voltage arrester to have the automatic separation function is provided, the rated working voltage of the low-voltage arrester is lower than 1kV, and the method is characterized in that:
a built-in hot melt separation component is directly arranged on the lower end surface of the lower polar plate of the low-voltage arrester body;
the built-in hot melting detachment component at least comprises a metal core wire of a grounding lead, a low-temperature hot melting dielectric layer arranged between the front end of the metal core wire and the lower end face of the lower polar plate, a metal sleeve seat arranged on the lower end face of the lower polar plate of the low-voltage arrester body and an inner detachment sleeve arranged at the front end of the metal core wire of the grounding lead;
a first spring is sleeved on the periphery of the inner separation sleeve;
the low-temperature hot-melting medium layer is arranged between the top of the inner separation sleeve and the metal sleeve seat;
the low-temperature hot melting medium forming the low-temperature hot melting medium layer is low-temperature soldering tin;
the solid phase point or the melting point of the low-temperature hot melting medium is lower than 150 ℃;
according to the method for enabling the low-voltage arrester to have the automatic separation function, the low-temperature hot-melting dielectric layer is arranged between the lower pole plate and the grounding lead of the low-voltage arrester, so that the hot-melting material is directly contacted with the lower pole plate, and sufficient heat energy is obtained for melting and separation;
when the low-voltage arrester normally operates, the low-temperature hot-melting dielectric layer is in a non-melting solid state, and the front end of the metal core wire of the grounding lead and the lower end face of the lower polar plate are connected into a whole to form an electric path so as to ensure the normal operation of the low-voltage arrester;
when the low-voltage arrester has internal faults, the leakage current of the arrester is increased, and the temperatures of the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are increased;
after the temperature of the lower polar plate exceeds the hot melting temperature point of the low-temperature hot melting dielectric layer, the low-temperature hot melting dielectric layer enters a semi-molten softening state or a molten state, the metal core wire of the grounding lead wire falls off from the lower end face of the lower polar plate under the action of the pre-stored elastic force of the first spring, the contact between the metal core wire and the lower polar plate of the low-voltage lightning arrester is broken, a breaking point on circuit connection is formed, and the low-voltage lightning arrester with faults is made to exit from operation.
Specifically, the inner release sleeve is inserted into the metal sleeve seat; the lower end of the inner separation sleeve is provided with a limiting bulge; the first spring is sleeved and arranged at the periphery of the inner separation sleeve; the first spring is arranged between the lower end face of the lower pole plate and the limiting bulge at the lower end of the inner separation sleeve, and is in a state of being pressed and having pre-stored elasticity; the metal sleeve seat, the low-temperature hot melting medium layer, the inner separation sleeve and the first spring form a built-in hot melting separation assembly.
When the low-voltage arrester normally operates, the low-temperature hot-melting dielectric layer is in a non-melting solid state, and the metal sleeve seat on the lower end face of the lower polar plate of the low-voltage arrester is connected with the inner separation sleeve and the metal core wire into a whole to form an electric path, so that the normal operation of the low-voltage arrester is ensured.
When the low-voltage arrester has internal faults, the leakage current of the arrester is increased, and the temperatures of the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are increased;
after the temperature of the lower polar plate exceeds the hot melting temperature point of the low-temperature hot melting dielectric layer, the low-temperature hot melting dielectric layer enters a semi-molten softening state or a molten state, the inner separation sleeve drives the metal core wire of the grounding lead to be pulled out or fall off from the metal sleeve seat under the action of the pre-stored elastic force of the first spring, the contact between the inner separation sleeve and the lower polar plate of the low-voltage arrester is broken, a disconnection point on the circuit connection is formed, and the fault low-voltage arrester is enabled to exit the operation;
the method for enabling the low-voltage arrester to have the automatic separation function is characterized in that the built-in hot melting separation assembly is arranged on the lower polar plate of the low-voltage arrester, and the built-in hot melting separation assembly is enabled to act before a low-voltage arrester resistor disc is about to be thermally broken down and power frequency short-circuit current is about to generate, so that the damaged arrester is withdrawn from a system, and the grounding accident caused by the power frequency short-circuit current is avoided.
Specifically, the internal fault at least comprises an internal flashover or deterioration fault of the low-voltage arrester.
Furthermore, a guide pipe is sleeved on the periphery of the first spring and fixed on the lower end face of the low-voltage arrester body; the device is used for limiting or standardizing the movement track or the movement direction of the grounding lead and the metal core wire thereof in the thermal shedding process, and preventing unnecessary short circuit faults.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1. a built-in hot melting separation component is constructed on the lower pole plate of the lightning arrester, so that the function of automatic separation of the fault lightning arrester from the system is realized on the low-voltage lightning arrester, the fault lightning arrester is ensured to automatically quit operation, and the further expansion of accidents can be prevented;
2. the built-in hot melt separation component is directly arranged on the lower pole plate of the low-voltage arrester, and the automatic separation function of the low-voltage arrester with faults can be realized under lower working voltage by utilizing the fault heat productivity of the low-voltage arrester;
3. the low-temperature hot-melting dielectric layer is combined with the inner separation sleeve and the first spring, so that the quick separation of the grounding lead and the inner separation sleeve after the low-voltage arrester fails is realized, the quick disconnection of the electrical connection relation between the grounding lead and the arrester is facilitated to be accelerated, the occurrence of an electrified arc discharge phenomenon is facilitated to be avoided, and the running safety of electrified running equipment and a power supply line is ensured;
4. through the falling of the grounding lead, the lightning arrester which is in failure and quits can be obviously marked with visibility, so that maintenance personnel can conveniently find failure points in time and remotely and correspondingly maintain and replace the lightning arrester.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a low voltage arrester with a built-in hot melt detachment assembly according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion a of fig. 1 according to the present invention.
In the figure, 1 is a low-voltage arrester body, 2 is a lower polar plate, 4 is a metal core wire, 5 is a grounding lead, 6 is a metal sleeve seat, 7 is a first spring, 8 is an inner separation sleeve, 8-1 is a limiting bulge, 9 is a guide pipe, and 12 is a low-temperature hot melting medium layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
To facilitate understanding of the present technical solution, several technical problems that are easy to cause confusion are explained as follows:
1. the low-voltage lightning arrester is mainly used for preventing insulation damage caused by lightning, so that the low-voltage lightning arrester in the national standard has no operation and steep wave impact current residual voltage indexes.
2. Because of the excellent nonlinearity of the zinc oxide resistance card, the zinc oxide resistance card can quickly drain and reduce the lightning stroke voltage amplitude under the nominal lightning impulse current, so that no power frequency short-circuit current is generated.
3. For a low-voltage lightning arrester, the short-circuit current is generated because the resistance card (also called a valve plate) is degraded to cause the increase of leakage current so as to cause the heating of the resistance card, the heating of the resistance card is increased more rapidly, the leakage current is increased in sequence, the heating is increased in sequence, vicious cycle causes the thermal breakdown of the resistance card, and as a result, the resistance card is broken down to form a short circuit, and power-frequency short-circuit current is formed between a power supply line and the ground, so that vicious accidents of the.
4. Usually, the arc grounding is generated by power frequency overvoltage and not by lightning overvoltage.
5. The power supply system has two operation modes of grounding or not grounding a neutral point. But for the arrester, it must be grounded.
6. For a low-voltage lightning arrester, a built-in hot-melt separation component (also called a separator) acts before a resistor disc is about to be thermally broken down and short-circuit current is about to generate, so that the damaged lightning arrester is withdrawn from a system, and accidents caused by the short-circuit current are avoided. Therefore, the ampere-second characteristic test of the type test of the disconnector is not short-circuit current, and for a neutral grounding system, the test current is as follows: 20A, 200A, 800A.
7. For a low-voltage lightning arrester, the disconnector should be operated before the short-circuit current is generated, so as to play a corresponding protection role.
In fig. 1 and 2, the technical solution of the present invention provides a method for automatically disconnecting a low-voltage arrester, and the invention is characterized in that:
a metal sleeve seat 6 is arranged on the lower end surface of the lower polar plate 2 of the low-voltage arrester body 1;
an inner separation sleeve 8 is sleeved at the front end of the metal core wire 4 of the grounding lead 5;
the lower end of the inner separation sleeve is provided with a limiting bulge 8-1;
the inner separation sleeve is arranged in the metal sleeve seat in a pluggable manner;
a first spring 7 is sleeved on the periphery of the inner separation sleeve;
the first spring is arranged between the lower end face of the lower pole plate and the limiting bulge at the lower end of the inner separation sleeve, and is in a state of being pressed and having pre-stored elasticity;
a low-temperature hot-melt medium layer 12 is arranged between the top of the inner separation sleeve and the metal sleeve seat;
the metal sleeve seat, the low-temperature hot melting medium layer, the inner separation sleeve and the first spring form a built-in hot melting separation assembly;
when the low-voltage arrester normally operates, the low-temperature hot-melting dielectric layer is in a non-melting solid state, and a metal sleeve seat, an inner separation sleeve and a metal core wire which are positioned on the lower end face of a lower polar plate of the low-voltage arrester are connected into a whole to form an electric path so as to ensure the normal operation of the low-voltage arrester;
when the low-voltage arrester has internal faults, the leakage current of the arrester is increased, and the temperatures of the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are increased;
after the temperature of the lower polar plate exceeds the hot melting temperature point of the low-temperature hot melting dielectric layer, the low-temperature hot melting dielectric layer enters a semi-molten softening state or a molten state, the inner separation sleeve drives the metal core wire of the grounding lead to be pulled out or fall off from the metal sleeve seat under the action of the pre-stored elastic force of the first spring, the contact between the inner separation sleeve and the lower polar plate of the low-voltage arrester is broken, a disconnection point on the circuit connection is formed, and the fault low-voltage arrester is enabled to exit the operation;
in order to limit the movement range of the inner separation sleeve and the grounding lead (metal core wire) in the thermal separation process, a guide pipe 9 is sleeved on the periphery of the first spring and fixed on the lower end face of the low-voltage arrester body; the thermal tripping device is used for standardizing the movement track of the inner tripping sleeve and the metal core wire in the thermal tripping process, and preventing the inner tripping sleeve from jumping to surrounding live equipment or wiring terminals to cause unnecessary short circuit faults.
According to the technical scheme, the built-in hot melting separation assembly is arranged on the lower pole plate of the low-voltage arrester, so that the automatic separation function of the fault low-voltage arrester is realized within the working voltage range below 1 kV.
In the technical scheme, the built-in hot-melting separation component (separator for short) has the function of acting before the valve plate/resistor plate is about to be thermally broken down and the short-circuit current is about to be generated, so that the damaged lightning arrester is withdrawn from the system to avoid accidents caused by the short-circuit current.
In this solution, the disconnector should be operated before the short-circuit current.
The internal fault at least includes an internal flashover or deterioration fault of the low voltage arrester.
The low-temperature hot melting medium forming the low-temperature hot melting medium layer is low-temperature soldering tin; the solid phase point or the melting point of the low-temperature hot melting medium is lower than 150 ℃.
According to the technical scheme, the low-temperature hot-melting dielectric layer is arranged between the lower pole plate of the low-voltage arrester and the grounding lead, so that the hot-melting type quitting operation of the fault low-voltage arrester and the automatic separation function of the fault low-voltage arrester are realized within the working voltage range below 1 kV; through the structure that the inner separation sleeve and the first spring are combined, the quick separation of the grounding lead after the low-voltage arrester breaks down is realized, the quick disconnection of the electrical connection relation between the grounding lead and the arrester is facilitated to be accelerated, the occurrence of an electrified arc discharge phenomenon is facilitated to be avoided, and the running safety of electrified running equipment and a power supply line is facilitated to be ensured; meanwhile, the grounding lead falls off from the lightning arrester body, so that the lightning arrester which is failed and quits can be obviously marked with visibility, and maintenance personnel can find out the failure point in time conveniently to correspondingly maintain and replace the lightning arrester.
The invention can be widely applied to the fields of design, manufacture, operation and maintenance of low-voltage lightning arresters with working voltage below 1kV and the like.
Claims (4)
1. A method for making low-voltage arrester have automatic disengaging function, its rated working voltage of the low-voltage arrester is lower than 1kV, its characteristic is:
a built-in hot melt separation component is directly arranged on the lower end surface of the lower polar plate of the low-voltage arrester body;
the built-in hot melting detachment component at least comprises a metal core wire of a grounding lead, a low-temperature hot melting dielectric layer arranged between the front end of the metal core wire and the lower end face of the lower polar plate, a metal sleeve seat arranged on the lower end face of the lower polar plate of the low-voltage arrester body and an inner detachment sleeve arranged at the front end of the metal core wire of the grounding lead;
a first spring is sleeved on the periphery of the inner separation sleeve;
the low-temperature hot-melting medium layer is arranged between the top of the inner separation sleeve and the metal sleeve seat;
the low-temperature hot melting medium forming the low-temperature hot melting medium layer is low-temperature soldering tin;
the solid phase point or the melting point of the low-temperature hot melting medium is lower than 150 ℃;
according to the method for enabling the low-voltage arrester to have the automatic separation function, the low-temperature hot-melting dielectric layer is arranged between the lower pole plate and the grounding lead of the low-voltage arrester, so that the hot-melting material is directly contacted with the lower pole plate, and sufficient heat energy is obtained for melting and separation;
when the low-voltage arrester normally operates, the low-temperature hot-melting dielectric layer is in a non-melting solid state, and the front end of the metal core wire of the grounding lead and the lower end face of the lower polar plate are connected into a whole to form an electric path so as to ensure the normal operation of the low-voltage arrester;
when the low-voltage arrester has internal faults, the leakage current of the arrester is increased, and the temperatures of the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are increased;
after the temperature of the lower polar plate exceeds the hot melting temperature point of the low-temperature hot melting dielectric layer, the low-temperature hot melting dielectric layer enters a semi-molten softening state or a molten state, the metal core wire of the grounding lead wire falls off from the lower end face of the lower polar plate under the action of the pre-stored elastic force of the first spring, the contact between the metal core wire and the lower polar plate of the low-voltage lightning arrester is broken, a breaking point on circuit connection is formed, and the low-voltage lightning arrester with faults is made to exit from operation.
2. The method for providing a low voltage arrester with an automatic releasing function according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner releasing sleeve is inserted into the metal sleeve holder;
the lower end of the inner separation sleeve is provided with a limiting bulge;
the first spring is sleeved and arranged at the periphery of the inner separation sleeve;
the first spring is arranged between the lower end face of the lower pole plate and the limiting bulge at the lower end of the inner separation sleeve, and is in a state of being pressed and having pre-stored elasticity;
the metal sleeve seat, the low-temperature hot melting medium layer, the inner separation sleeve and the first spring form a built-in hot melting separation assembly;
when the low-voltage arrester normally operates, the low-temperature hot-melting dielectric layer is in a non-melting solid state, and a metal sleeve seat, an inner separation sleeve and a metal core wire which are positioned on the lower end face of a lower polar plate of the low-voltage arrester are connected into a whole to form an electric path so as to ensure the normal operation of the low-voltage arrester;
when the low-voltage arrester has internal faults, the leakage current of the arrester is increased, and the temperatures of the upper polar plate and the lower polar plate are increased;
after the temperature of the lower polar plate exceeds the hot melting temperature point of the low-temperature hot melting dielectric layer, the low-temperature hot melting dielectric layer enters a semi-molten softening state or a molten state, the inner separation sleeve drives the metal core wire of the grounding lead to be pulled out or fall off from the metal sleeve seat under the action of the pre-stored elastic force of the first spring, the contact between the inner separation sleeve and the lower polar plate of the low-voltage arrester is broken, a disconnection point on the circuit connection is formed, and the fault low-voltage arrester is enabled to exit the operation;
the method for enabling the low-voltage arrester to have the automatic separation function is characterized in that the built-in hot melting separation assembly is arranged on the lower polar plate of the low-voltage arrester, and the built-in hot melting separation assembly is enabled to act before a low-voltage arrester resistor disc is about to be thermally broken down and power frequency short-circuit current is about to generate, so that the damaged arrester is withdrawn from a system, and the grounding accident caused by the power frequency short-circuit current is avoided.
3. A method for providing automatic disconnection of a low voltage arrester as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that said internal fault comprises at least an internal flashover or degradation fault of the low voltage arrester.
4. The method for providing a low voltage arrester with an automatic detaching function according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a guide tube is further provided around the first spring, the guide tube being fixed to a lower end surface of the low voltage arrester body; the device is used for limiting or standardizing the movement track or the movement direction of the grounding lead and the metal core wire thereof in the thermal shedding process, and preventing unnecessary short circuit faults.
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| CN2123134U (en) * | 1992-05-22 | 1992-11-25 | 刘化交 | Gapless disconnector for arresters |
| CN2330045Y (en) * | 1997-12-04 | 1999-07-21 | 阎中华 | Metallic oxide lighting protector |
| CN1170292C (en) * | 2001-05-09 | 2004-10-06 | 郑成文 | Automatically detaching explosion-proof lightning arrester |
| CN101521065B (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2012-05-30 | 深圳市安普富诚科技有限公司 | Explosion-proof automatic-separation type lightning arrester |
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