CN109407013A - A kind of reserve battery state of charge observation circuit and method - Google Patents

A kind of reserve battery state of charge observation circuit and method Download PDF

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CN109407013A
CN109407013A CN201811151248.2A CN201811151248A CN109407013A CN 109407013 A CN109407013 A CN 109407013A CN 201811151248 A CN201811151248 A CN 201811151248A CN 109407013 A CN109407013 A CN 109407013A
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reserve battery
parameter
battery
voltage
monitored
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CN109407013B (en
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韩亮
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Guangzhou Xiaopeng Motors Technology Co Ltd
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Guangzhou Xiaopeng Motors Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

A kind of reserve battery state of charge observation circuit and method, wherein circuit includes: reserve battery temperature detecting unit, backup battery voltage current detecting unit, controller and memory；Wherein, the operating temperature parameter of reserve battery temperature detecting unit detection reserve battery；The discharge parameter of backup battery voltage current detecting unit detection reserve battery；Memory be used for store reserve battery performance parameter and initial monitoring parameter；Controller is connect with reserve battery temperature detecting unit, backup battery voltage current detecting unit and memory, operating temperature parameter, the discharge parameter of the reserve battery of the detection and the performance parameter of the storage of reserve battery selectively based on the detection and initial monitoring parameter, the state of charge of reserve battery is monitored, and updates initial monitoring parameter or updates initial monitoring parameter and performance parameter.The technical solution that the embodiment of the present invention proposes realizes simple, the curves such as all types of battery discharge parameters of flexibly configurable, cost reduction.

Description

A kind of reserve battery state of charge observation circuit and method
Technical field
The embodiment of the present invention belongs to battery capacity administrative skill field, and in particular to a kind of reserve battery state of charge monitoring Circuit and method.
Background technique
China has enforced " GB/T 32960.2-2016 electric car to new energy vehicle on October 01st, 2016 Remote service and management system technical specification part 2: car-mounted terminal " specification (hereinafter referred to as " standardizing "), in " specification " the 4.2.7 save and provide about " independent operating ": " car-mounted terminal, still can be with independent operating, and at least after the disconnection of external abnormal electrical power supply Ensure that the data of 10min before external power supply disconnects upload to enterprise platform "." data " therein refer to GB/T 32960.3-2016 Specified in related data.
Each vehicle carried data collecting manufacturer is the product design requirement for meeting above-mentioned " independent operating " in " specification ", is existed Increase built-in reserve battery on its vehicle carried data collecting product, with " car-mounted terminal is disconnected in external abnormal electrical power supply in satisfaction " specification " , still can be with independent operating after opening, and at least ensure that the data of 10min upload to enterprise platform before external power supply disconnects " product Demand.In order to ensure increased built-in reserve battery can satisfy the said goods demand, need internally to set the electric discharge of reserve battery Situation is managed, and most of existing car-mounted terminal manufacturer realizes interior purchase by way of increasing battery capacity managing chip With battery management of charging and discharging.It is this to realize that the scheme of reserve battery management of charging and discharging exists by increasing battery capacity managing chip Following disadvantage:
1. system is realized complicated: need reserve battery managing chip, and need a large amount of periphery separation and digital device with The cooperation of reserve battery managing chip is just able to achieve built-in reserve battery managing electric quantity；
2. system realizes that flexibility is poor: needing to select corresponding reserve battery to manage core according to built-in reserve battery quantity Piece, different built-in reserve battery quantity need that different reserve battery managing chips is selected to carry out collocation design, cause to design Scheme and parameter selection are inflexible；
3. system cost of implementation is high: the shadow due to being needed power supply and own circumference circuit design by battery management chip It rings, circuit cost is higher than using the implementation cost of analog-digital converter ADC combination software algorithm.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve system existing for above-mentioned built-in reserve battery management of charging and discharging mode realize complicated, flexibility is poor, at This high technical problem, the embodiment of the present invention propose a kind of reserve battery state of charge observation circuit and method.
A kind of reserve battery state of charge observation circuit, comprising: reserve battery temperature detecting unit, backup battery voltage electricity Flow detection unit, controller and memory；
Wherein, the operating temperature parameter of reserve battery temperature detecting unit detection reserve battery；
The discharge parameter of backup battery voltage current detecting unit detection reserve battery；
Memory be used for store reserve battery performance parameter and initial monitoring parameter；
Controller is connect with reserve battery temperature detecting unit, backup battery voltage current detecting unit and memory, control The discharge parameter of the operating temperature parameter of reserve battery of the device processed selectively based on the detection, the reserve battery of the detection And performance parameter and the initial monitoring parameter of the storage, the state of charge of reserve battery is monitored, and update initial monitoring ginseng Number updates initial monitoring parameter and performance parameter.
Further, the performance parameter includes discharge voltage at different temperatures and corresponding calibration battery capacity, The state of charge of the reserve battery includes the use duration of reserve battery；
The operating temperature parameter of reserve battery of the controller based on the detection determines the work at present temperature of reserve battery Degree；The discharge parameter of reserve battery based on the detection determines the present discharge voltage and present discharge electric current of reserve battery； The present discharge voltage of the current operating temperature of reserve battery based on the determination and the reserve battery determined, is deposited from memory Corresponding calibration battery capacity is obtained in the performance parameter of storage；The calibration battery capacity and the determination based on acquisition it is standby With the present discharge electric current of battery, the use duration of reserve battery is determined.
Further, the performance parameter further includes the self discharge parameter of reserve battery at different temperatures, the control Also additionally the self discharge parameter based on reserve battery, synthesis determine the use duration of reserve battery to device；
And/or
The performance parameter further includes the use attenuation parameter of reserve battery at different temperatures, and the controller is also additional Use attenuation parameter of the ground based on reserve battery, the comprehensive use duration for determining reserve battery.
Further, reserve battery temperature detecting unit includes thermistor and thermistor terminal voltage detecting unit, heat Quick resistance is placed close to reserve battery or is mounted on inside reserve battery, and thermistor terminal voltage detecting unit detects temperature-sensitive electricity The end voltage for hindering both ends, connect with the first analog-to-digital conversion interface of controller, and thermistor terminal voltage detecting unit passes through described The end voltage at the thermistor both ends that the first analog-to-digital conversion interface will test is supplied to controller, the end electricity at thermistor both ends Operating temperature parameter of the sensitive characteristic of pressure and thermistor as reserve battery；Thermistor both ends of the controller based on acquisition End voltage and thermistor sensitive characteristic, determine the current operating temperature of reserve battery.
Further, thermistor is posive temperature coefficient thermistor or negative tempperature coefficient thermistor.
Further, backup battery voltage current detecting unit include series resistance, series resistance end voltage collector and Reserve battery end voltage collector；The discharge parameter includes the load value and series resistance with the concatenated load of series resistance The voltage value that end voltage collector and reserve battery end voltage collector acquire respectively；
Series resistance and reserve battery are connected in series；
Series resistance end voltage collector acquires the end voltage at series resistance both ends, and by the series resistance both ends of acquisition End voltage is supplied to controller, and controller is determined standby based on the end voltage at the series resistance both ends of acquisition and the resistance value of series resistance With the present discharge electric current of battery；
Reserve battery end voltage collector is acquired the end voltage at reserve battery both ends, and by the reserve battery of acquisition The end voltage at both ends is supplied to the second analog-to-digital conversion interface of controller；Reserve battery both ends of the controller based on the acquisition End voltage determines the present discharge voltage of reserve battery.
Further, when increasing the quantity of concatenated reserve battery, the second analog-to-digital conversion interface of controller is adjusted Voltage realizes the adaptation of multiple reserve battery series circuits；
When increasing the quantity of reserve battery in parallel, the resistance value of series resistance is adjusted, realizes that multiple reserve batteries are in parallel The adaptation of circuit.
Further, the memory is setting internal memory in the controller or the memory includes outer Set the internal memory of memory and setting in the controller.
Further, the cathode ground connection of the reserve battery,
The reserve battery temperature detecting unit includes negative tempperature coefficient thermistor and thermistor terminal voltage detecting list Member；
The negative tempperature coefficient thermistor is placed close to reserve battery, negative tempperature coefficient thermistor one end ground connection；
The thermistor terminal voltage detecting unit includes thermistor voltage collector, thermistor voltage collector The connection of the other end of one end and negative tempperature coefficient thermistor, the first of the other end of thermistor voltage collector and controller The connection of analog-to-digital conversion interface；
Backup battery voltage current detecting unit includes series resistance, series resistance end voltage collector and reserve battery end Voltage collector；
The anode of one end connection reserve battery of series resistance, one end of the other end connection load of series resistance, load The other end ground connection；
Reserve battery end voltage collector includes backup battery voltage collector, and one end of backup battery voltage collector connects The anode of reserve battery is connect, the other end connects the second analog-to-digital conversion interface of controller；
Series resistance end voltage collector includes series resistance voltage collector, one end of series resistance end voltage collector It is connect with the other end of series resistance, the other end of series resistance end voltage collector and the third analog-to-digital conversion of controller Interface connection；
Controller connects working power by power interface, is grounded by ground interface；
The memory includes internal memory and external memory, and external memory one end connects power supply, and external Memory carries out grounding.
Further, the reserve battery temperature detecting unit further includes divider resistance, one end of divider resistance and subzero temperature Spend the other end connection of coefficient resistance, another termination working power of divider resistance.
A kind of reserve battery state of charge monitoring method, comprising:
Obtain the performance parameter of monitored reserve battery；
Obtain the initial monitoring parameter of monitored reserve battery；
The running parameter of the monitored reserve battery of detection, selectively the performance parameter based on acquisition, initial monitoring are joined The running parameter of number and detection, monitors the state of charge of monitored reserve battery, and update initial monitoring parameter, updated Initial initial monitoring parameter of the monitoring parameter as the acquisition, alternatively, initial monitoring parameter and performance parameter are updated, after update Initial monitoring parameter of the initial monitoring parameter as the acquisition, updated performance parameter joins as the performance of the acquisition Number.
Further, the performance parameter includes discharge voltage at different temperatures and corresponding calibration battery capacity, The running parameter includes the operating temperature parameter and discharge parameter of monitored reserve battery, the electricity shape of the reserve battery State includes the use duration of reserve battery；
The use duration of the monitored reserve battery of monitoring includes:
The operating temperature parameter of the monitored reserve battery of detection, the operating temperature ginseng of the reserve battery based on the detection Number, determines the current operating temperature of reserve battery；
The discharge parameter of the monitored reserve battery of detection, based on the discharge parameter of the monitored reserve battery, really Surely the present discharge voltage and present discharge electric current of monitored reserve battery；
The current operating temperature and present discharge voltage of monitored reserve battery based on the determination, from performance parameter It is middle obtain corresponding calibration battery capacity, calibration battery capacity and identified monitored reserve battery based on acquisition Present discharge electric current determines the use duration of monitored reserve battery.
Further, the performance parameter further include: Calibrated current under specific load and corresponding nominal voltage, The corresponding relationship of capacity retention ratio and placement duration under different temperatures, and capacity ratio and recycling time at different temperatures Several corresponding relationships；
The performance parameter stores in table form to be stored the table of the performance parameter in memory and is known as first Table, the performance parameter that updates includes updating the performance parameter stored in the first table；
Wherein, the first table is divided into the initial cycle use time for corresponding to monitored reserve battery according to given threshold Number is less than the first sub-table of given threshold and the initial cycle access times corresponding to monitored reserve battery are more than or equal to Second sub-table of given threshold.
Further, the initial monitoring parameter includes: initial drain, initial discharge voltage, initial alignment battery Capacity, initial capacity conservation rate and initial placement duration and initial capacity ratio and initial cycle access times；
The initial monitoring parameter stores in memory in table form, stores the table of the initial monitoring parameter Referred to as the second table；
The initial monitoring parameter of update includes updating the initial monitoring parameter stored in the second table.
Further, the state of charge of the monitored reserve battery of the monitoring, updates initial monitoring parameter or update Initial monitoring parameter and performance parameter, comprising:
The operating temperature parameter of the monitored reserve battery of detection, the operating temperature based on the monitored reserve battery Parameter determines the current operating temperature of monitored reserve battery；
The current operating temperature of the monitored reserve battery of judgement whether monitored reserve battery normal work temperature It spends in range；
If issuing the alarm information of temperature anomaly not within the scope of the normal working temperature, stopping operation；
If judging the initial cycle access times of monitored reserve battery within the scope of the normal working temperature Whether given threshold is less than；If the initial cycle access times of monitored reserve battery are less than given threshold, the is read in The initial monitoring parameter in respective performances parameter and the second table in one sub-table, and the current work determined according to controller Make temperature, present discharge voltage and present discharge electric current, monitored reserve battery state of charge is monitored, and updates the Initial monitoring parameter in two tables；If the initial cycle access times of the reserve battery of monitoring are more than or equal to given threshold, The initial monitoring parameter in the respective performances parameter and the second table in the second sub-table is then read in, and is determined according to controller Current operating temperature, present discharge voltage and present discharge electric current, monitored reserve battery state of charge is monitored, And the initial monitoring parameter in the second table is updated, the parameter in the second table and the second sub-table is then matched, judges to be supervised Whether the reserve battery of survey is in normal operating conditions, and the reserve battery that judgement is monitored with the presence or absence of the feelings for needing to alert Shape；
Then, it checks the service life of monitored reserve battery, and judges whether monitored reserve battery completely fills Electric discharge；
If monitored reserve battery does not have complete charge and discharge, show that initial cycle access times do not need to update, then If the operation that the initial cycle access times for returning to the monitored reserve battery are less than given threshold continues to execute；If The complete charge and discharge of monitored reserve battery then execute the update operation of the first table.
Further, the update of first table, which operates, includes:
Initial cycle access times are made plus 1 processing, adds 1 treated and number is recycled makes as new initial cycle With number, then judge whether new initial cycle access times are less than given threshold, if new initial cycle access times Less than given threshold, then the operation whether parameter of the first table updates is executed；If new initial cycle access times are greater than Equal to given threshold, then the first sub-table is updated to the second sub-table first, compared in the second table and the second sub-table Parameter, judges whether monitored reserve battery is in normal operating conditions, and whether the reserve battery that judgement is monitored is deposited In the situation that needs alert, the operation whether parameter of first table updates then is executed.
Further, the operation that whether parameter of first table updates includes: the current work determined based on controller Make temperature, present discharge voltage and present discharge electric current, judges nominal voltage and mark in the performance parameter of the first table storage Whether constant current, which needs, updates, if you do not need to updating, then executes the recycling time in the performance parameter of the first table storage The operation whether number updates；If necessary to update, then the performance ginseng of the first table storage is updated using the parameter of the second sub-table Nominal voltage and Calibrated current in number, the recycling number then executed in the performance parameter of the first table storage are The operation of no update；
The operation whether the recycling number in the performance parameter of the first table storage updates includes: to be based on being supervised The whether complete charge and discharge of the reserve battery of survey, judge whether the recycling number in the performance parameter of the first table storage needs It updates, if you do not need to updating, then the update operation of the first table terminates；If necessary to update, to the property of the first table storage After recycling number in energy parameter is updated, the update operation of the first table terminates.
Further, the method uses preceding described in any item reserve battery state of charge observation circuits such as to realize.
The embodiment of the present invention the utility model has the advantages that
1. reserve battery state of charge observation circuit and method that the embodiment of the present invention proposes, implementation method is simple, can spirit It is living to configure all types of battery discharge parameter curves, realize the monitoring to battery charge and discharge process.In certain embodiments, only pass through Using two circuits and can be realized under the cooperation of negative tempperature coefficient thermistor to cell operating conditions temperature and charge and discharge The detection of parameter.
2. reserve battery state of charge observation circuit and method that the embodiment of the present invention proposes, avoid using complicated and cost High reserve battery managing chip realizes the monitoring to battery electric quantity state, and cost of implementation is low.
3. reserve battery state of charge observation circuit and method that the embodiment of the present invention proposes, implementation method is more flexible, Only need the voltage of adjustment analog-to-digital conversion interface that multiple batteries series circuit adaptation can be realized.In addition, being directed to parallel connection type battery pack Adaptation can be realized by adjusting the resistance value of series resistance.
4. reserve battery state of charge observation circuit and method that the embodiment of the present invention proposes realize that error is low, more dedicated Battery management chip only ± 2% voltage/current error precision, the battery error estimated out be ± 2%.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram for the reserve battery state of charge observation circuit that the embodiment of the present invention proposes；
Fig. 2 is the flow chart for the reserve battery state of charge monitoring method that the embodiment of the present invention proposes；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the preferred embodiment for the reserve battery state of charge observation circuit that the embodiment of the present invention proposes Figure.
Specific embodiment
To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference Attached drawing, the present invention is described in more detail.But as known to those skilled in the art, the invention is not limited to attached drawings and following reality Apply example.The printed words such as " first ", " second " employed in text are not constituted merely to distinguishing to technical characteristic to technology The restriction of scheme.As described herein, term " includes " and its various variants are construed as open-ended term, it means that " including but not limited to ".Term "based" or according to being construed as " being based at least partially on " or " at least partly root According to ".Term " one embodiment " is construed as " at least one embodiment ".Term " another embodiment " is construed as " at least one other embodiment ".
The embodiment of the present invention by using different batteries under different working temperature conditions volt-ampere curve (volt-ampere curve: Common ordinate indicates that electric current I, abscissa indicate that voltage U, the I-U image drawn with this are called the VA characteristic curve of conductor Figure), the relationship of voltage and battery capacity etc. be reference frame, combined by the multichannel analog to digital conversion circuit with controller, it is real It is now standby under different working temperature conditions to the internal backup battery system of CDU (Conversion&Distribution Unit) With the monitoring of the state of charge such as the calculation of battery discharge voltameter, charge and discharge number statistics, battery life time early warning, avoid in use process because It is discontented that backup battery system using reasons such as temperature, excessive charge and discharge causes reserve battery to scrap caused product function in advance The problem of sufficient related specifications.
CDU refers to integrated high pressure " automatically controlled " the system collection of the functions such as DC/DC converter, Vehicular charger, high-voltage connecting wire box At mode.The CDU system integration be divided into " two-in-one " (including DC/DC converter and Vehicular charger unification, DC/DC converter and High-voltage connecting wire box unification or Vehicular charger and high-voltage connecting wire box unification), " three-in-one " (i.e. DC/DC converter, vehicle-mounted charge Machine and the unification of high-voltage connecting wire box) assembly, the CDU system integration selected by more and more main engine plants both at home and abroad, is becoming global One of mainstream technology.
The embodiment of the present invention proposes a kind of reserve battery state of charge observation circuit, as shown in Figure 1, comprising: standby electricity Pond temperature detecting unit, backup battery voltage current detecting unit, controller and memory.
Reserve battery can be the rechargeable batteries such as nickel-metal hydride battery, lithium battery, lead-acid battery.
Wherein, the operating temperature parameter of reserve battery temperature detecting unit detection reserve battery.
The discharge parameter of backup battery voltage current detecting unit detection reserve battery.
Memory be used for store reserve battery performance parameter and initial monitoring parameter.
Controller is connect with reserve battery temperature detecting unit, backup battery voltage current detecting unit and memory, control The discharge parameter of the operating temperature parameter of reserve battery of the device processed selectively based on the detection, the reserve battery of the detection And performance parameter and the initial monitoring parameter of the storage, the state of charge of reserve battery is monitored, and update initial monitoring ginseng Number updates initial monitoring parameter and performance parameter.
The performance parameter includes discharge voltage and corresponding calibration battery capacity at different temperatures, the standby electricity The state of charge in pond includes the use duration of reserve battery.The operating temperature of reserve battery of the controller based on the detection is joined Number, determines the current operating temperature of reserve battery；The discharge parameter of reserve battery based on the detection, determines reserve battery Present discharge voltage and present discharge electric current；The current operating temperature of reserve battery based on the determination and the standby electricity determined The present discharge voltage in pond obtains corresponding calibration battery capacity from the performance parameter that memory stores；Institute based on acquisition The present discharge electric current for stating the reserve battery of calibration battery capacity and the determination, determines the use duration of reserve battery.
The operating temperature parameter may include the operating temperature parameter obtained based on thermistor.
The discharge parameter may include discharge current parameter or discharge voltage parameter.
The discharge parameter for the reserve battery that the controller is detected based on backup battery voltage current detecting unit, acquisition The present discharge voltage and present discharge electric current of reserve battery, can also be with real-time storage in memory.
The state of charge of the reserve battery includes the present battery capacity of reserve battery and uses duration, can also include The recycling number (cycle) of reserve battery.The embodiment of the present invention uses the current electricity that reserve battery is characterized using duration Tankage is able to maintain that the time span of system communication function, " can be advised based on judging whether reserve battery meets using duration Model " in above-mentioned " independent operating " product design requirement.The embodiment of the present invention characterizes standby electricity using number is recycled The number of pond charge and discharge cycles can judge the service life of reserve battery by number is recycled；Charge and discharge Judgment criteria provides to execute according to industry, for example, being completely filled with electricity in lithium battery industry in lithium battery, then discharging into 10% Below, it is believed that lithium battery experienced the primary process for being completely full of and putting (or referred to as complete charge and discharge), is calculated as 1 charge and discharge and follows Ring；Further it can also consider that lithium battery is less than full of the situation put, suitably calculate charge and discharge number, such as according to feelings Shape is suitably denoted as 0.5 charge and discharge cycles etc..
In addition, controller is also based on monitored standby of the calibration battery capacity judgement obtained during discharge Held in a charge and discharge cycles based on the calibration battery obtained during the charging process with the whether complete charge and discharge of battery Whether the monitored reserve battery of amount judgement completely charges, based on the calibration battery capacity judgement obtained during discharge Whether complete discharge then carries out the recycling number of reserve battery if it is complete charge and discharge monitored reserve battery 1 update is added to handle.In embodiments of the present invention, using the recycling number (cycle) of reserve battery and corresponding capacity Than (capacity ratio) as the battery capacity decaying situation for characterizing reserve battery using attenuation parameter.Reserve battery The parameters such as number and corresponding capacity ratio are recycled, it can also be with real-time storage in memory.
Furthermore controller is also based on the time used length of monitored reserve battery, to reserve battery It places duration and is updated processing.In embodiments of the present invention, using the placement duration of reserve battery (storage period) The self discharge shape of reserve battery is characterized as self discharge parameter with corresponding capacity retention ratio (capacity retention) Condition.The parameters such as the placement duration of reserve battery and corresponding capacity retention ratio, can also be with real-time storage in memory.
In one embodiment, the controller also additionally self discharge parameter based on reserve battery at different temperatures And/or reserve battery at different temperatures use attenuation parameter, it is comprehensive determine reserve battery state of charge (such as using when It is long), to increase the monitoring dimension of the state of charge of reserve battery, improve the accuracy of monitoring.
The reserve battery state of charge observation circuit monitors the state of charge of reserve battery, can occur in standby electricity In the charging process in pond, it can also occur in the discharge process of reserve battery.
The reserve battery state of charge observation circuit monitors the state of charge of reserve battery, can according to it is scheduled when Between be spaced and carry out, such as it is primary every the monitoring of 1 hour or primary every monitoring in 12 hours.Or it can also be based on spare The parameter current of battery determines the time interval of monitoring next time, for example, reserve battery current residual battery capacity much larger than standby When maintaining the battery capacity of 10 minutes communication functions of system with battery, when can determine that the time interval of monitoring next time is slightly long Between be spaced, maintain the battery of 10 minutes communication functions of system to hold close to reserve battery in the current residual battery capacity of reserve battery When amount, it can determine that the time interval of monitoring next time is slightly shorter time interval, it is, of course, also possible to comprehensively consider reserve battery The parameters such as number are recycled in operating temperature parameter.
The reserve battery state of charge observation circuit can also be further based on the electricity shape of the reserve battery of acquisition State judges whether reserve battery needs to charge or whether need replacing.
In one embodiment, the volt that reserve battery nominal voltage under specific load and Calibrated current are constituted is also added Pacify characteristic curve, to obtain corresponding nominal voltage according to initial current, and can also be spare in system initialization In use process of the battery based on the certain loads, the present discharge voltage of reserve battery based on the determination, in volt-ampere Corresponding Calibrated current is found as nominal voltage using the present discharge voltage of the determination in characteristic curve, based on what is found The present discharge electric current of Calibrated current and the reserve battery of the determination, judges the operating error of reserve battery, is based on the work Make error to be modified the state of charge of reserve battery.
The embodiment of the present invention also proposes a kind of reserve battery state of charge monitoring method, as shown in Figure 2, comprising:
Obtain the performance parameter of monitored reserve battery；
Obtain the initial monitoring parameter of monitored reserve battery；
The running parameter of the monitored reserve battery of detection, selectively the performance parameter based on acquisition, initial monitoring are joined The running parameter of number and detection, monitors the state of charge of monitored reserve battery, and update initial monitoring parameter, updated Initial initial monitoring parameter of the monitoring parameter as the acquisition, alternatively, initial monitoring parameter and performance parameter are updated, after update Initial monitoring parameter of the initial monitoring parameter as the acquisition, updated performance parameter joins as the performance of the acquisition Number.
Wherein, the performance parameter includes discharge voltage at different temperatures and corresponding calibration battery capacity, described The state of charge of reserve battery includes the use duration of reserve battery；
The use duration of the monitored reserve battery of monitoring includes:
The operating temperature parameter of reserve battery is detected, the operating temperature parameter of the reserve battery based on the detection determines The current operating temperature of reserve battery；
The discharge parameter of the monitored reserve battery of detection, based on the discharge parameter of the monitored reserve battery, really Surely the present discharge voltage and present discharge electric current of monitored reserve battery；
The current operating temperature and present discharge voltage of monitored reserve battery based on the determination, from performance parameter It is middle obtain corresponding calibration battery capacity, calibration battery capacity and identified monitored reserve battery based on acquisition Present discharge electric current determines the use duration of monitored reserve battery.For example, using duration=acquisition calibration battery capacity The present discharge electric current for the reserve battery being monitored determined by ÷.
The method of embodiment of the present invention content identical with aforementioned circuit, details are not described herein.
The reserve battery state of charge observation circuit and method that the embodiment of the present invention proposes, are joined by reference to battery charging and discharging Several strong correlations with environment temperature, referring to the battery charging and discharging parametric curve parameter of calibration, based on battery in charge and discharge process Middle cell voltage and electric current judge the state of charge of battery, or even number and service life etc. are recycled, and realize to battery capacity shape The monitoring of state, function realize simple, all types of battery charging and discharging Parameter curves of flexibly configurable, cost reduction；Compatibility By force, almost it is compatible with all Vehicular batteries (being such as suitable for lead-acid battery, nickel-metal hydride battery, lithium battery).
Below to the embodiment of the present invention propose reserve battery state of charge observation circuit and method preferred embodiment into Row exemplary illustration.
Embodiment 1:
The reserve battery temperature detecting unit for including to reserve battery state of charge observation circuit in the present embodiment 1 it is preferred Embodiment illustrates.
It can refer to shown in Fig. 3, reserve battery temperature detecting unit includes thermistor and thermistor terminal voltage detecting list Member, thermistor are placed close to reserve battery or are mounted on inside reserve battery, the detection of thermistor terminal voltage detecting unit The end voltage at thermistor both ends is connect with the first analog-to-digital conversion interface (ADC interface) of controller, the inspection of thermistor end voltage The end voltage for surveying the thermistor both ends that unit will test by the first analog-to-digital conversion interface is supplied to controller, described Operating temperature parameter of the end voltage at the thermistor both ends detected as the reserve battery；Controller is according to the warm of acquisition The sensitive characteristic of the end voltage and thermistor at quick resistance both ends, calculates the operating temperature of reserve battery.
Thermistor can be posive temperature coefficient thermistor or negative tempperature coefficient thermistor.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that in certain embodiments, the thermistor can be integrated in inside controller, that is, control Device processed is the controller for being capable of providing internal temperature sampling.
Embodiment 2:
The backup battery voltage current detecting unit for including to reserve battery state of charge observation circuit in the present embodiment 2 Preferred embodiment illustrates.In the present embodiment, the discharge parameter includes discharge voltage parameter, reserve battery electricity The relevant voltage values of current voltage detection unit detection reserve battery.Certainly, when conditions permit, also can detecte spare The associated current value of battery.
It can refer to shown in Fig. 3, backup battery voltage current detecting unit includes series resistance, series resistance end voltage acquisition Device and reserve battery end voltage collector.
Series resistance and reserve battery are connected in series.
The end voltage at series resistance both ends when series resistance end voltage collector acquires reserve battery charge and discharge, and will acquisition The end voltage at series resistance both ends be supplied to controller, the end voltage at the series resistance both ends of the acquisition is as reserve battery Discharge parameter；The computing the resistor value reserve battery of the end voltage and series resistance at series resistance both ends of the controller based on acquisition Present discharge electric current.
The end voltage at reserve battery both ends is acquired when reserve battery end voltage collector is to reserve battery charge and discharge, and The end voltage at the reserve battery both ends of acquisition is supplied to controller as the present discharge voltage of the reserve battery of the determination The second analog-to-digital conversion interface.
When increasing the quantity of concatenated reserve battery, the end voltage at entire reserve battery both ends can be increase accordingly, at this time The voltage that the second analog-to-digital conversion interface of controller need to only be adjusted, can be realized the adaptation of multiple reserve battery series circuits.
When increasing the quantity of reserve battery in parallel, the end electric current of entire reserve battery can be increase accordingly, and only be needed at this time The resistance value for adjusting series resistance, can be realized the adaptation of multiple reserve battery parallel circuits.
Embodiment 3:
The preferred embodiment for the memory that the present embodiment 3 includes to reserve battery state of charge observation circuit carries out exemplary Explanation.
The memory can be the internal memory of setting in the controller, also may include external memory and setting Internal memory (can refer to shown in Fig. 3) in the controller.Wherein, the external memory interface of external memory and controller connects It connects, data can be written in controller into memory, and data can also be read from memory.
Whether the memory further includes external memory, can be answered according to the memory space of internal memory and actually It is determined with demand, if the memory space of internal memory can satisfy practical application request, external storage can be not provided with Device.
Embodiment 4:
The preferred embodiment of reserve battery state of charge observation circuit is illustrated in the present embodiment 4, can be joined It examines shown in Fig. 3.
In the present embodiment, the discharge parameter includes discharge voltage parameter, the inspection of backup battery voltage current detecting unit Survey the relevant voltage values of reserve battery.
In the present embodiment, the reserve battery B1 cathode ground connection.
The reserve battery temperature detecting unit includes negative tempperature coefficient thermistor RT1 and thermistor terminal voltage detecting Unit.
The negative tempperature coefficient thermistor RT1 is placed close to reserve battery B1, the one end negative tempperature coefficient thermistor RT1 Ground connection.
Since the one end negative tempperature coefficient thermistor RT1 is grounded, the thermistor terminal voltage detecting unit can be with A thermistor voltage collector V3 is only included, is adopted for the voltage to the negative tempperature coefficient thermistor RT1 other end Collection.One end of thermistor voltage collector V3 is connect with the other end of negative tempperature coefficient thermistor RT1, thermistor The other end of voltage collector V3 is connect with the first analog-to-digital conversion interface of controller U1.
The voltage that working power V0 applies on negative tempperature coefficient thermistor RT1 in order to prevent is excessive, the standby electricity Pond temperature detecting unit further includes divider resistance R2, and one end of divider resistance R2 is described with negative tempperature coefficient thermistor RT1's Other end connection, another termination working power V0 of divider resistance R2.In the present embodiment, thermistor RT1, divider resistance R2 Temperature detection circuit is formed with working power V0, the end voltage of negative tempperature coefficient thermistor RT1 when reserve battery B1 charge and discharge For [V0/ (RT1+R2)] * RT1.Certainly, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that thermistor RT1 can be integrated in inside controller U1, Divider resistance R2 can be omitted at this time.
Backup battery voltage current detecting unit includes series resistance R1, series resistance end voltage collector and reserve battery Hold voltage collector.
The anode of one end connection reserve battery B1 of series resistance R1, the one of the other end connection load of series resistance R1 End, the other end ground connection of load.In the present embodiment, reserve battery B1, series resistance R1 and load composition backup batteries discharge Circuit.
Since the reserve battery B1 cathode is grounded, reserve battery end voltage collector can only include a reserve battery The anode of one end connection reserve battery B1 of voltage collector V2, backup battery voltage collector V2, the other end connect controller The second analog-to-digital conversion interface.In the present embodiment, backup battery voltage collector V2 acquisition when reserve battery B1 charge and discharge Voltage is the present discharge voltage of reserve battery B1.
The voltage phase acquired due to the voltage of described one end of series resistance R1 with the backup battery voltage collector V2 Deng, therefore series resistance end voltage collector can obtain described the one of series resistance R1 by backup battery voltage collector V2 The voltage at end and the positive junction of reserve battery B1, series resistance end voltage collector also need a series resistance voltage acquisition Device V1 obtains the voltage of the other end of series resistance R1.One end of series resistance end voltage collector V1 is with series resistance R1's The other end connection, the other end of series resistance end voltage collector V1 and the third analog-to-digital conversion interface of controller U1 connect It connects.In the present embodiment, when reserve battery B1 discharges, the discharge current of reserve battery is flowed to from described one end of series resistance R1 The other end, the present discharge electric current of reserve battery are (V2-V1)/R1；When reserve battery B1 charges, the charging of reserve battery Electric current flows to described one end from the other end of series resistance R1, and the current charging current of reserve battery is (V1-V2)/R1.
Wherein, series resistance voltage collector V1, backup battery voltage collector V2 and thermistor voltage collector V3 Internal resistance it is very big, therefore the electric current in backup batteries discharge circuit and temperature detection circuit hardly flows into controller U1.
Controller is grounded by power interface VCC connection working power V0 by ground interface GND.
In the present embodiment, the memory includes internal memory and external memory, the connection of external memory one end Power supply V0, and external memory carries out grounding.External memory interface and control of the external memory by controller U1 Device U1 communication.
Embodiment 5:
In the reserve battery state of charge observation circuit and method that the present embodiment proposes the embodiment of the present invention, to standby electricity Parameter used by the state of charge in pond is monitored carries out exemplary description.
Since battery class product is chemicals, electrochemistry and temperature strong correlation, therefore according to battery real work temperature Degree, such as -20 DEG C~+85 DEG C of working range, carry out battery discharge parameter calibration (such as nickel-metal hydride battery under the conditions of+20 DEG C its 100%) battery capacity is.
For different radiating conditions, need to only require that different parameters is arranged according to battery operating temperature.The ginseng demarcated Number can store in a fixed storage space of internal memory.
When being demarcated, the actual measurement charge and discharge that the charging/discharging voltage of reserve battery and battery capacity are constituted at different temperatures Electrical parameter characteristic curve, and obtain the corresponding charging/discharging voltage of part of nodes on charge-discharge parameter characteristic curve at each temperature With calibration battery capacity.The corresponding relationship of temperature, charging/discharging voltage and calibration battery capacity can be carried out in the form of table Record.Table one gives reserve battery respectively at -20 DEG C, -10 DEG C, 0 DEG C, 20 DEG C and 85 DEG C, and charging/discharging voltage is respectively Corresponding calibration battery capacity value (calibration battery capacity when 1400mV, 1300mV, 1250mV, 1200mV, 1100mV and 1000mV As unit of milliampere hour).
Relationship (example) between one temperature of table, charging/discharging voltage and battery capacity
According to table one it is found that at 85 DEG C, when the voltage of reserve battery is discharged to 1000mV from 1200mV without Electric current can release, and show reserve battery complete discharge at this time.
When monitoring the state of charge of reserve battery, according to determining obtained reserve battery current operating temperature and currently put Piezoelectric voltage can find corresponding calibration battery capacity, based on the calibration battery capacity found and determine obtained standby electricity The present discharge electric current in pond, so that it may obtain the use duration of reserve battery.For example, determining obtained reserve battery work at present Temperature is -20 DEG C, determines that the present discharge voltage of obtained reserve battery is 1100mV, and present discharge electric current is 20mA, then According to -20 DEG C of temperature and voltage 1100mV, can find corresponding calibration battery capacity is 180mAh, it can thus be concluded that standby electricity A length of 9 hours when the use in pond.
State of charge in addition to monitoring reserve battery from the temperature of reserve battery above-mentioned, voltage and battery capacity, also The dimension that self-discharge of battery parameter can be increased carrys out the state of charge of comprehensive monitoring reserve battery, according to self discharge curve, monitoring The remaining capacity of reserve battery improves the accuracy of monitoring.
Reserve battery is surveyed at different temperatures by capacity retention ratio (capacity retention) and placement duration The self discharge curve of (storage period) composition, and part of nodes is corresponding on self discharge curve at each temperature for acquisition Capacity retention ratio and placement duration.Temperature, capacity retention ratio and the relationship placed between duration are remembered by way of table Record.Table two gives reserve battery respectively at -20 DEG C, 45 DEG C, 60 DEG C, capacity retention ratio is respectively 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, 20% when placement duration (as unit of the moon).
Relationship (example) between two temperature of table, capacity retention ratio and placement duration
When monitoring the state of charge of reserve battery, according to determining obtained reserve battery current operating temperature and charge and discharge Voltage can find corresponding battery capacity, in conjunction with temperature, the relationship of placement duration and capacity retention ratio in table two, to electricity Tankage is adjusted according to capacity retention ratio, by the present discharge of battery capacity adjusted and determining obtained reserve battery Electric current, so that it may the use duration of the reserve battery after being adjusted.So, it can effectively improve monitoring reserve battery The accuracy of state of charge.Equally with temperature for -20 degrees Celsius, discharge voltage 1100mV, for discharge current is 20mA, such as Fruit reserve battery has been placed 0.3 month, by table two it is found that capacity retention ratio at this time is 90%, then adjusted standby It is 8.1 hours a length of when with the use of battery.
In addition, since battery is chemicals, during charging and discharging, with the density, temperature and activity of electrolyte The stability of the variation of substance, the link structure between corresponding collector and the active material of positive and negative anodes can decline, to go out Existing slack and undisciplined structure.This will lead to the internal resistance of cell and becomes larger, and the internal resistance of cell to become larger will directly affect operating voltage, the work of battery Electric current, output energy and power.It therefore, in the present embodiment, can also be by circulating battery access times (cycle) also conduct The index for measuring battery dump energy, further increases the monitoring dimension of the state of charge of reserve battery.
Surveying reserve battery, capacity ratio (capacity ratio) and recycling number (cycle) are made at different temperatures To use what attenuation parameter constituted use attenuation curve, and by temperature, capacity than, the relationship that is recycled between number using table The form of lattice is recorded.Table three give reserve battery at 20 DEG C capacity than be respectively 100%, 90%, 80%, 70%, 60% corresponding recycling number.
Three temperature of table, capacity are than the relationship (example) between recycling number
When monitoring the state of charge of reserve battery, according to determining obtained reserve battery current operating temperature and measuring electricity Voltage can find corresponding battery capacity, in conjunction with temperature, the relationship of placement duration and capacity retention ratio in table two, and In conjunction in table three, temperature, capacity are than the relationship between recycling number, to battery capacity according to capacity retention ratio and capacity Than being adjusted twice, by the present discharge electric current of battery capacity adjusted twice and determining obtained reserve battery, so that it may To obtain the use duration of reserve battery adjusted twice.So, monitoring reserve battery can more effectively be improved The accuracy of state of charge.Equally with temperature for -20 degrees Celsius, charging/discharging voltage 1100mV, for discharge current is 20mA, If reserve battery has been placed 0.3 month, by table two it is found that capacity retention ratio at this time is 90%；And if spare Battery has been recycled 900 times, can be found by three (not shown) of table, and capacity ratio at this time is assumed to be 70%, then two A length of 5.67 hours when the use of secondary reserve battery adjusted.
Therefore, in the embodiment of the present invention, the current operating temperature of reserve battery, voltage, electric current can be integrated, and put certainly Electrical parameter and/or recycling number, to determine the state of charge of reserve battery.By various dimensions comprehensive consideration, improve spare The monitoring accuracy of battery electric quantity state.
In certain embodiments, it inquires for convenience, table one, table two and table three can be organized into a table, And table is stored in internal memory or external memory.
Furthermore it is also possible to increase the C-V characteristic that reserve battery nominal voltage under specific load and Calibrated current are constituted Curve, according to VA characteristic curve, not only initial work parameter, and can know the performance parameter variations feelings of reserve battery Condition, and adaptively the monitoring result of the state of charge of reserve battery is modified, such as with the reserve battery of the determination Present discharge voltage be nominal voltage, corresponding Calibrated current is obtained from VA characteristic curve, the Calibrated current that will acquire Be compared with the present discharge electric current of the reserve battery of the determination, can know reserve battery VA characteristic curve whether It changes, if there is a change, can be repaired according to state of charge (such as use duration) of the change rate to reserve battery Just.In order to facilitate inquiry, table one, table two, table three and VA characteristic curve relationship can be organized into a table, and will Table is stored in internal memory or external memory.
Embodiment 6:
The process of the reserve battery state of charge monitoring method proposed below to the embodiment of the present invention carries out exemplary description.
The performance parameter includes the Calibrated current and nominal voltage of monitored reserve battery under specific load, not Charging/discharging voltage and corresponding calibration battery capacity under synthermal, capacity retention ratio and the corresponding relationship for placing duration, and Capacity is than the corresponding relationship with recycling number；
Firstly, obtaining the performance parameter of monitored reserve battery, comprising:
Model or type based on monitored reserve battery obtain the mark of monitored reserve battery under specific load Constant current and corresponding nominal voltage, charging/discharging voltage and corresponding calibration battery capacity at different temperatures；
It obtains the capacity retention ratio of monitored reserve battery and places the corresponding relationship of duration；And capacity ratio and circulation The corresponding relationship of access times；
The performance parameter can store in table form to be stored the table of the performance parameter in memory and is known as First table, the performance parameter that updates includes updating the performance parameter stored in the first table.In one embodiment, the first table Lattice are divided into first of initial cycle access times less than given threshold for corresponding to monitored reserve battery according to given threshold Sub-table and the second sub-table for being more than or equal to given threshold corresponding to the initial cycle access times of monitored reserve battery； The parameter that the parameter of first sub-table storage is stored with the second sub-table may be the same or different.
Secondly, obtaining the initial monitoring parameter of monitored reserve battery, comprising:
Model or type based on monitored reserve battery, estimate the initial drain of monitored reserve battery； Using the initial drain as Calibrated current, the corresponding nominal voltage of the Calibrated current is obtained as initial discharge voltage； Based on the initial discharge voltage, the corresponding initial alignment battery capacity of the initial discharge voltage is obtained；
Obtain the initial capacity conservation rate and initial placement duration and initial capacity ratio and just of monitored reserve battery Begin that number is recycled；
The initial monitoring parameter can also store in memory in table form, store the initial monitoring parameter Table be known as the second table, it is described that update initial monitoring parameter include updating the initial monitoring stored in the second table to join Number.
Then, the state of charge of the monitored reserve battery of the monitoring updates initial monitoring parameter or updates initial Monitoring parameter and performance parameter, comprising:
The operating temperature parameter of the monitored reserve battery of detection, the operating temperature based on the monitored reserve battery Parameter determines the current operating temperature of monitored reserve battery；
The current operating temperature of the monitored reserve battery of judgement whether monitored reserve battery normal work temperature It spends in range, for example whether within the temperature range of 20 DEG C~65 DEG C；
If issuing the alarm information of temperature anomaly not within the scope of the normal working temperature, stopping operation.
If judging the initial cycle access times of monitored reserve battery within the scope of the normal working temperature Whether given threshold is less than, such as given threshold is 900 times；If the initial cycle access times of monitored reserve battery are small In given threshold, then the initial monitoring parameter in the respective performances parameter and the second table in the first sub-table, Yi Jigen are read in According to current operating temperature, present discharge voltage and present discharge electric current that controller determines, to monitored reserve battery electricity State is monitored, and updates the initial monitoring parameter in the second table；If the initial cycle of the reserve battery of monitoring uses Number is more than or equal to given threshold, then reads in the initial monitoring ginseng in the respective performances parameter and the second table in the second sub-table Number, and the current operating temperature, present discharge voltage and the present discharge electric currents that are determined according to controller, to monitored spare Battery electric quantity state is monitored, and updates the initial monitoring parameter in the second table, then matches the second table and the second son Parameter in table, judges whether monitored reserve battery is in normal operating conditions, and the standby electricity that judgement is monitored Pond is with the presence or absence of the situation (such as service life alarm) for needing to alert；
Then, it checks the service life of monitored reserve battery, and judges whether monitored reserve battery completely fills Electric discharge；
If monitored reserve battery does not have complete charge and discharge, show that initial cycle access times do not need to update, then If the operation that the initial cycle access times for returning to monitored reserve battery are less than given threshold continues to execute；
If complete charge and discharge, show that initial cycle access times need to update, then executes the update operation of the first table.
The update operation of first table includes: to make initial cycle access times plus 1 processing, adds 1 treated and follow Then ring access times judge whether new initial cycle access times are less than setting threshold as new initial cycle access times Value executes the operation whether parameter of the first table updates if new initial cycle access times are less than given threshold；Such as The new initial cycle access times of fruit are more than or equal to given threshold, then the first sub-table are updated to the second sub-table first, than Compared with the parameter in the second table and the second sub-table, judge whether monitored reserve battery is in normal operating conditions, and Then the monitored reserve battery of judgement executes described first with the presence or absence of the situation (such as service life alarm) for needing to alert The operation whether parameter of table updates.
The operation whether parameter of first table updates include: based on controller determine current operating temperature, when Preceding discharge voltage and present discharge electric current, judge the first table storage performance parameter in nominal voltage and Calibrated current whether It needs to update, if you do not need to updating, then whether the recycling number executed in the performance parameter of the first table storage updates Operation；If necessary to update, then the calibration in the performance parameter of the first table storage is updated using the parameter of the second sub-table Then voltage and Calibrated current execute the behaviour whether the recycling number in the performance parameter of the first table storage updates Make.
The operation whether the recycling number in the performance parameter of the first table storage updates includes: to be based on being supervised The whether complete charge and discharge of the reserve battery of survey, judge whether the recycling number in the performance parameter of the first table storage needs It updates, if you do not need to updating, then the update operation of the first table terminates；If necessary to update, to the property of the first table storage After recycling number in energy parameter is updated, the update operation of the first table terminates.
Wherein, the use duration of the monitored reserve battery of the monitoring includes:
The operating temperature parameter of reserve battery is detected, the operating temperature parameter of the reserve battery based on the detection determines The current operating temperature of reserve battery；
The discharge parameter of the monitored reserve battery of detection, based on the discharge parameter of the monitored reserve battery, really Surely the present discharge voltage and present discharge electric current of monitored reserve battery；
Based on the current operating temperature and present discharge voltage of determining monitored reserve battery, lead to from the first table It crosses look-up table and obtains corresponding calibration battery capacity, calibration battery capacity based on acquisition and obtained from the second table initial The present discharge electric current of capacity retention ratio and initial capacity ratio and identified monitored reserve battery, what determination was monitored The use duration of reserve battery, for example, using duration=acquisition calibration battery capacity * obtain initial capacity conservation rate * at the beginning of The present discharge electric current for the reserve battery being monitored determined by beginning capacity ratio ÷.
For another example the calibration battery capacity of the monitored reserve battery based on acquisition, initial capacity conservation rate and initial Capacity ratio and identified present discharge electric current, determine the use duration of monitored reserve battery, and judge whether accordingly It needs to charge to monitored reserve battery, in order to avoid there is the case where monitored reserve battery over-discharge.For another example The calibration battery capacity of monitored reserve battery based on acquisition judges the whether complete charge and discharge of monitored reserve battery, If it is complete charge and discharge, the initial cycle access times of the monitored reserve battery add 1, make as new initial cycle With number, and the initial cycle access times of device storage are updated storage, and accordingly updates initial capacity ratio.For another example according to quilt The time used length of the reserve battery of monitoring is updated the initial placement duration and initial capacity ratio.Example again Such as, the service life for the reserve battery being monitored according to the recycling number judgement of the monitored reserve battery of acquisition, from And judge whether to need replacing monitored reserve battery, for example it is more than the specified of monitored reserve battery that number, which is recycled, Service life, then judgement needs replacing monitored reserve battery.For another example according to the mark of the monitored reserve battery of acquisition Determine battery capacity, judges whether to need to stop the charging operations to monitored reserve battery, in order to avoid occur being monitored spare The case where battery overcharges.
In the description of this specification, reference term " one embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " specifically show The description of example " or " some examples " etc. means specific features, structure, material or spy described in conjunction with this embodiment or example Point is included at least one embodiment or example of the invention.In the present specification, schematic expression of the above terms are not Centainly refer to identical embodiment or example.Moreover, particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described can be any One or more embodiment or examples in can be combined in any suitable manner.
More than, embodiments of the present invention are illustrated.But the present invention is not limited to above embodiment.It is all Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in guarantor of the invention Within the scope of shield.

Claims (18)

1. a kind of reserve battery state of charge observation circuit characterized by comprising reserve battery temperature detecting unit, spare Cell voltage current detecting unit, controller and memory；
Wherein, the operating temperature parameter of reserve battery temperature detecting unit detection reserve battery；
The discharge parameter of backup battery voltage current detecting unit detection reserve battery；
Memory be used for store reserve battery performance parameter and initial monitoring parameter；
Controller is connect with reserve battery temperature detecting unit, backup battery voltage current detecting unit and memory, controller The operating temperature parameter of reserve battery selectively based on the detection, the discharge parameter of the reserve battery of the detection and The performance parameter of the storage and initial monitoring parameter, monitor the state of charge of reserve battery, and update initial monitoring parameter or Person updates initial monitoring parameter and performance parameter.
2. reserve battery state of charge observation circuit according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the performance parameter includes Discharge voltage and corresponding calibration battery capacity, the state of charge of the reserve battery at different temperatures includes reserve battery Use duration；
The operating temperature parameter of reserve battery of the controller based on the detection, determines the current operating temperature of reserve battery；Base In the discharge parameter of the reserve battery of the detection, the present discharge voltage and present discharge electric current of reserve battery are determined；It is based on The present discharge voltage of the current operating temperature of the reserve battery of the determination and the reserve battery determined is stored from memory Corresponding calibration battery capacity is obtained in performance parameter；Based on the standby electricity of the calibration battery capacity and the determination of acquisition The present discharge electric current in pond determines the use duration of reserve battery.
3. reserve battery state of charge observation circuit according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the performance parameter is also wrapped The self discharge parameter of reserve battery at different temperatures is included, the controller also additionally join by the self discharge based on reserve battery Number, the comprehensive use duration for determining reserve battery；
And/or
The performance parameter further includes the use attenuation parameter of reserve battery at different temperatures, the also additional ground of the controller In the attenuation parameter that uses of reserve battery, the comprehensive use duration for determining reserve battery.
4. reserve battery state of charge observation circuit according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that spare Battery temperature detection unit includes thermistor and thermistor terminal voltage detecting unit, and thermistor is placed close to reserve battery Or be mounted on inside reserve battery, thermistor terminal voltage detecting unit detects the end voltage at thermistor both ends, with control First analog-to-digital conversion interface of device connects, and thermistor terminal voltage detecting unit will test by the first analog-to-digital conversion interface To the end voltage at thermistor both ends be supplied to controller, the sensitive characteristic of the end voltage and thermistor at thermistor both ends Operating temperature parameter as reserve battery；The heat of the end voltage and thermistor at thermistor both ends of the controller based on acquisition Quick characteristic determines the current operating temperature of reserve battery.
5. reserve battery state of charge observation circuit according to claim 4, which is characterized in that thermistor is positive temperature Coefficient resistance or negative tempperature coefficient thermistor.
6. reserve battery state of charge observation circuit according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that spare Cell voltage current detecting unit includes series resistance, series resistance end voltage collector and reserve battery end voltage collector； The discharge parameter includes and the load value of the concatenated load of series resistance and series resistance end voltage collector and standby electricity The voltage value that pond end voltage collector acquires respectively；
Series resistance and reserve battery are connected in series；
Series resistance end voltage collector acquires the end voltage at series resistance both ends, and the end at the series resistance both ends of acquisition is electric Pressure is supplied to controller, and controller determines standby electricity based on the end voltage at the series resistance both ends of acquisition and the resistance value of series resistance The present discharge electric current in pond；
Reserve battery end voltage collector is acquired the end voltage at reserve battery both ends, and by the reserve battery both ends of acquisition End voltage be supplied to the second analog-to-digital conversion interface of controller；The end electricity at reserve battery both ends of the controller based on the acquisition Press the present discharge voltage for determining reserve battery.
7. reserve battery state of charge observation circuit according to claim 6, which is characterized in that concatenated spare when increasing When the quantity of battery, the voltage of the second analog-to-digital conversion interface of controller is adjusted, realizes the suitable of multiple reserve battery series circuits Match；
When increasing the quantity of reserve battery in parallel, the resistance value of series resistance is adjusted, realizes multiple reserve battery parallel circuits Adaptation.
8. reserve battery state of charge observation circuit according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that described Memory is setting internal memory in the controller or the memory includes external memory and is arranged in controller In internal memory.
9. reserve battery state of charge observation circuit according to any one of claim 1 to 3, which is characterized in that described The cathode of reserve battery is grounded,
The reserve battery temperature detecting unit includes negative tempperature coefficient thermistor and thermistor terminal voltage detecting unit；
The negative tempperature coefficient thermistor is placed close to reserve battery, negative tempperature coefficient thermistor one end ground connection；
The thermistor terminal voltage detecting unit includes thermistor voltage collector, one end of thermistor voltage collector It is connect with the other end of negative tempperature coefficient thermistor, the other end of thermistor voltage collector and the first modulus of controller Translation interface connection；
Backup battery voltage current detecting unit includes series resistance, series resistance end voltage collector and reserve battery end voltage Collector；
Series resistance one end connection reserve battery anode, series resistance the other end connection load one end, load it is another One end ground connection；
Reserve battery end voltage collector includes backup battery voltage collector, and one end connection of backup battery voltage collector is standby With the anode of battery, the other end connects the second analog-to-digital conversion interface of controller；
Series resistance end voltage collector includes series resistance voltage collector, one end of series resistance end voltage collector and string Join the other end connection of resistance, the other end of series resistance end voltage collector and the third analog-to-digital conversion interface of controller Connection；
Controller connects working power by power interface, is grounded by ground interface；
The memory includes internal memory and external memory, and external memory one end connects power supply, and external storage Device carries out grounding.
10. reserve battery state of charge observation circuit according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the reserve battery temperature Degree detection unit further includes divider resistance, and one end of divider resistance and the other end of negative tempperature coefficient thermistor connect, Another termination working power of divider resistance.
11. a kind of reserve battery state of charge monitoring method characterized by comprising
Obtain the performance parameter of monitored reserve battery；
Obtain the initial monitoring parameter of monitored reserve battery；
The running parameter of the monitored reserve battery of detection, selectively the performance parameter based on acquisition, initial monitoring parameter and The running parameter of detection, monitors the state of charge of monitored reserve battery, and updates initial monitoring parameter, updated initial Initial monitoring parameter of the monitoring parameter as the acquisition, alternatively, initial monitoring parameter and performance parameter are updated, it is updated first Initial monitoring parameter of the beginning monitoring parameter as the acquisition, performance parameter of the updated performance parameter as the acquisition.
12. according to the method for claim 11, which is characterized in that the performance parameter includes electric discharge at different temperatures Voltage and corresponding calibration battery capacity, the running parameter include the operating temperature parameter and electric discharge of monitored reserve battery Parameter, the state of charge of the reserve battery include the use duration of reserve battery；
The use duration of the monitored reserve battery of monitoring includes:
The operating temperature parameter of the monitored reserve battery of detection, the operating temperature parameter of the reserve battery based on the detection, Determine the current operating temperature of reserve battery；
The discharge parameter of the monitored reserve battery of detection determines quilt based on the discharge parameter of the monitored reserve battery The present discharge voltage and present discharge electric current of the reserve battery of monitoring；
The current operating temperature and present discharge voltage of monitored reserve battery based on the determination, are obtained from performance parameter Take corresponding calibration battery capacity, based on acquisition calibration battery capacity and identified monitored reserve battery it is current Discharge current determines the use duration of monitored reserve battery.
13. according to the method for claim 12, which is characterized in that the performance parameter further include: under specific load Calibrated current and corresponding nominal voltage, capacity retention ratio at different temperatures and the corresponding relationship for placing duration, Yi Ji Capacity is than the corresponding relationship with recycling number under different temperatures；
The performance parameter stores in table form to be stored the table of the performance parameter in memory and is known as the first table Lattice, the performance parameter that updates includes updating the performance parameter stored in the first table；
Wherein, the first table is divided into small corresponding to the initial cycle access times of monitored reserve battery according to given threshold The first sub-table in given threshold and the initial cycle access times corresponding to monitored reserve battery are more than or equal to setting Second sub-table of threshold value.
14. according to the method for claim 13, which is characterized in that the initial monitoring parameter include: initial drain, Initial discharge voltage, initial alignment battery capacity, initial capacity conservation rate and initial placement duration and initial capacity ratio and just Begin that number is recycled；
The initial monitoring parameter stores in memory in table form, and the table for storing the initial monitoring parameter is known as Second table；
The initial monitoring parameter of update includes updating the initial monitoring parameter stored in the second table.
15. according to the method for claim 14, which is characterized in that the electricity shape of the monitored reserve battery of the monitoring State updates initial monitoring parameter or updates initial monitoring parameter and performance parameter, comprising:
The operating temperature parameter of the monitored reserve battery of detection, the operating temperature ginseng based on the monitored reserve battery Number determines the current operating temperature of monitored reserve battery；
The current operating temperature of the monitored reserve battery of judgement whether monitored reserve battery normal working temperature model In enclosing；
If issuing the alarm information of temperature anomaly not within the scope of the normal working temperature, stopping operation；
If within the scope of the normal working temperature, judge monitored reserve battery initial cycle access times whether Less than given threshold；If the initial cycle access times of monitored reserve battery are less than given threshold, the first son is read in The initial monitoring parameter in respective performances parameter and the second table in table, and the work at present temperature determined according to controller Degree, present discharge voltage and present discharge electric current, are monitored monitored reserve battery state of charge, and update the second table Initial monitoring parameter in lattice；If the initial cycle access times of the reserve battery of monitoring are more than or equal to given threshold, read Enter the initial monitoring parameter in the respective performances parameter and the second table in the second sub-table, and is worked as according to what controller determined Preceding operating temperature, present discharge voltage and present discharge electric current are monitored monitored reserve battery state of charge, and more Initial monitoring parameter in new second table, then matches the parameter in the second table and the second sub-table, judges monitored Whether reserve battery is in normal operating conditions, and the reserve battery that judgement is monitored with the presence or absence of the situation for needing to alert；
Then, it checks the service life of monitored reserve battery, and judges the monitored whether complete charge and discharge of reserve battery；
If monitored reserve battery does not have complete charge and discharge, shows that initial cycle access times do not need to update, then return If the operation that the initial cycle access times of the monitored reserve battery are less than given threshold continues to execute；If by supervising The complete charge and discharge of the reserve battery of survey then execute the update operation of the first table.
16. according to the method for claim 15, which is characterized in that the update of first table, which operates, includes:
Initial cycle access times are made plus 1 processing, add 1 treated be recycled number use as new initial cycle it is secondary Number, then judges whether new initial cycle access times are less than given threshold, if new initial cycle access times are less than Given threshold then executes the operation whether parameter of the first table updates；If new initial cycle access times are more than or equal to First sub-table is then updated to the second sub-table first by given threshold, compares the parameter in the second table and the second sub-table, Whether the monitored reserve battery of judgement is in normal operating conditions, and judges that monitored reserve battery whether there is and need Then the situation of alarm executes the operation whether parameter of first table updates.
17. according to the method for claim 16, which is characterized in that the operation the packet whether parameter of first table updates Include: current operating temperature, present discharge voltage and the present discharge electric current determined based on controller judges the storage of the first table Whether nominal voltage and Calibrated current in performance parameter need to update, if you do not need to updating, then execute the storage of the first table Performance parameter in the operation that whether updates of recycling number；If necessary to update, then the parameter of the second sub-table is used The nominal voltage and Calibrated current in the performance parameter of the first table storage are updated, the property of the first table storage is then executed The operation whether the recycling number in energy parameter updates；
The operation whether the recycling number in the performance parameter of the first table storage updates includes: based on monitored The whether complete charge and discharge of reserve battery, judge whether the recycling number in the performance parameter of the first table storage needs more Newly, if you do not need to updating, then the update operation of the first table terminates；If necessary to update, to the performance of the first table storage After recycling number in parameter is updated, the update operation of the first table terminates.
18. method described in any one of 1 to 17 according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the method uses such as claim Reserve battery state of charge observation circuit described in any one of 1 to 10 is realized.
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Cited By (11)

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CN109884533A (en) * 2019-03-11 2019-06-14 北京百度网讯科技有限公司 The diagnostic method and device of battery failures, equipment and storage medium
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CN111709003A (en) * 2020-06-17 2020-09-25 深圳市绿谷能源科技有限公司 Power cabinet management method and system of metal fuel electric pile and storage medium
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