CN109406939B - Experimental method for wind storage isolated network system - Google Patents

Experimental method for wind storage isolated network system Download PDF

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CN109406939B
CN109406939B CN201811131749.4A CN201811131749A CN109406939B CN 109406939 B CN109406939 B CN 109406939B CN 201811131749 A CN201811131749 A CN 201811131749A CN 109406939 B CN109406939 B CN 109406939B
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energy storage
isolated network
power
network system
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CN109406939A (en
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叶鹏
赵思雯
姚天昊
赵叙龙
牛潇
何金松
安宁
崔成双
顾盈之
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Shenyang Institute of Engineering
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Abstract

The invention relates to an experimental method, in particular to an experimental method based on a wind storage isolated network system. The method is characterized in that the whole established wind storage isolated network system is subjected to experimental research under a series of experimental conditions of different states, different capacities and the like, so that the operating characteristics of the wind storage isolated network system are comprehensively known and deeply analyzed. The method comprises the following steps: step 1, constructing an experimental platform of a wind storage isolated network system; step 2, carrying out experiments on different capacity configurations of energy storage units of the wind storage isolated network system; and 3, carrying out experiments of different operating condition states on the wind storage isolated network system.

Description

Experimental method for wind storage isolated network system
Technical Field
The invention relates to an experimental method, in particular to an experimental method based on a wind storage isolated network system.
Background
Among distributed energy power generation, wind power generation is the most mature project with the best development conditions and good development prospects. However, due to the limitation of the acceptance of a large power grid, the problems of grid connection difficulty, wind abandon and the like existing in the process of accessing wind power into the power grid on a large scale become a great problem restricting the development of the wind power. And aiming at the wind power grid-connected problem, experts at home and abroad propose a wind-storage combined power generation technology. With the reduction of the cost of the energy storage device and the maturity of the technology, the wind storage isolated grid power generation technology is used as an effective form of a wind storage combined power generation technology, can provide a flexible operation mode for new energy dispersion and small-scale application, and is gradually valued by researchers.
The core technology of the stable operation of the wind storage isolated network system is a coordination control strategy among fan output, the fan, an energy storage inverter and energy storage charging/discharging conversion. The wind power output power has the characteristics of volatility and intermittence under the influence of natural environment and climate change, and the system power and frequency easily fluctuate in a large range in the isolated operation process of wind power due to the fact that the wind power output power is not supported by a large power grid, and the load requirement is difficult to meet. In the wind storage isolated network system, the access of the energy storage unit can provide an effective mode for solving the problems of power fluctuation, frequency stability and the like in the system caused by wind power fluctuation and load disturbance.
At present, the research on the combined operation of wind storage systems at home and abroad mainly focuses on the aspects of stable operation, different fault characteristics and the like, and the research on wind storage isolated network systems is relatively less. Some documents research the operation mode and planning configuration of an isolated microgrid such as a wind storage grid, and provide a configuration scheme and a typical network topology structure of the isolated microgrid; some documents apply the control mode of the traditional power grid to an isolated microgrid, provide a master-slave control method and an equivalent control strategy of the isolated microgrid, and further perform experimental analysis of different operating states; and some research institutions establish an experimental system of an isolated microgrid, verify the feasibility of the wind storage isolated network system from multiple angles of physical simulation, computer simulation and the like, but are limited to experimental conditions and equipment and are to be further improved to improve the practical level. The core problem of the stable operation of the wind storage isolated power supply system is as follows: after the large power grid support is lost, the system is restored to a stable operation state by self regulation capacity under various external disturbance conditions. In a traditional control mode, power regulation depends on a large power grid, a micro-grid is insensitive to changes of external conditions, and the regulation capacity is limited. Under the control mode, the wind storage system is relatively fragile in operation, the possibility of operation failure exists under severe conditions, the application has great limitation, the commercial operation of the wind storage system is not facilitated, and the practicability is poor.
The key point of the problem is how to track and respond to the requirement of the alternating current system on power balance, and experimental analysis is carried out. The complexity of the experiment lies in that the wind storage isolated network is required to adapt to the change of various operation conditions, such as the energy storage state, the output change of a fan, the load change of a system and the like, the operation conditions are different, the power characteristics required to be provided by energy storage control are also different, and the characteristics are related to the operation state of the wind storage system. Therefore, an experimental method for the wind storage isolated network system is needed, changes of all experimental parameters are tracked, stable operation of the wind storage isolated network system can be guaranteed in different states, and practicability of the wind storage isolated network system is verified.
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides an experimental method for a wind storage isolated network system.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an experimental method for a wind storage isolated network system, which is used for carrying out experimental research on the whole established wind storage isolated network system under a micro-grid laboratory environment and under a series of experimental conditions of different states, different capacities and the like, so that the operating characteristics of the wind storage isolated network system can be comprehensively known and deeply analyzed.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, constructing an experimental platform of a wind storage isolated network system;
step 2, carrying out experiments on different capacity configurations of energy storage units of the wind storage isolated network system;
and 3, carrying out experiments of different operating condition states on the wind storage isolated network system.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the step 1 includes:
step 1.1, building a wind storage isolated network experiment platform as an experiment platform of a subsequent experiment; the wind storage isolated network platform consists of a fan unit, a fan inverter, a UPS (uninterrupted power supply), a UPS storage battery cabinet, a simulation fan cabinet, a super capacitor energy storage system cabinet, a converter, an energy storage battery management system, a lead-acid battery and an iron lithium battery.
Step 1.2, monitoring parameters of the built wind storage isolated network during normal operation, wherein the parameters comprise active power and reactive power output by a wind generating set, load power of the wind storage isolated network system, alternating current bus voltage and frequency; observing whether the experiment platform is in a stable state; (ensure the initial state of the experiment to be a normal stable state.)
And 1.3, carrying out an experiment by changing the capacity configuration of the wind storage isolated network and the operation state of the wind storage isolated network under the condition of ensuring the stable operation state of the wind storage isolated network.
As another preferable aspect of the present invention, the step 2 includes:
2.1, selecting a wind turbine generator and keeping the output of a fan unchanged;
and 2.2, selecting a droop control mode and selecting different rated capacities for respectively carrying out experiments by the energy storage unit to obtain a conclusion of realizing capacity configuration optimization.
Specifically, the capacity of the energy storage unit is gradually increased from 500Ah, 700Ah, 1000Ah and 1500Ah, the parameter change of the wind storage isolated network in the step 1 under each capacity experiment is observed, and the frequency of the system and the response speed of active power are observed along with the increase of the rated capacity of the energy storage unit; therefore, when the rated power of the energy storage unit is less than the rated power, the response speed of the system frequency can be met, and the response speed of the active power of the system can be ensured.
As another preferable aspect of the present invention, the step 3 includes:
3.1, when the wind turbine generator normally generates power, the rest conditions are unchanged, the experimental method research of load shedding is carried out, and the wind storage isolated network can still stably operate under the condition of sudden load reduction;
and 3.2, ensuring the rest initial conditions to be unchanged, and carrying out experimental method research on the temporary single-phase grounding fault of the phase A at the side of the alternating-current bus, and verifying that the wind storage isolated network can still stably operate under the condition of sudden fault.
As another preferable scheme of the invention, the wind storage isolated network system is an independent alternating current power supply system consisting of a wind turbine generator and an energy storage system.
Specifically, obtaining operating parameters of the wind storage isolated network system as parameters required by power grid calculation and control; the system comprises active power and reactive power output by a wind turbine generator, load power of a wind storage isolated network system, alternating current bus voltage and frequency. The wind storage isolated network system experiment configuration mainly comprises the following steps: the system comprises a fan unit, a fan inverter, a UPS (uninterrupted power supply), a UPS storage battery cabinet, a simulation fan cabinet, a super capacitor energy storage system cabinet, a converter, an energy storage battery management system, a lead-acid battery, a lithium iron battery and other professional equipment.
The working process of the wind storage isolated network system is as follows: the wind turbine captures the maximum mechanical power from natural wind and transmits the generated mechanical power to the generator set through the main shaft, and electricity generated by the generator set supplies power to a load through the filter device; the energy storage unit controls the on-off of each bridge arm of the energy storage inverter by collecting voltage and current signals of the side of the alternating current bus so as to restrain the fluctuation of wind power output power caused by sudden change of wind speed; when the wind power output is too small, the energy storage unit can deliver the stored power to supply power to the load.
As another preferable aspect of the present invention, the mathematical model of the droop control mode is:
the mathematical model of the grid-side LC filter circuit of the energy storage inverter in the energy storage unit under the dq coordinate system is as follows:
Figure BDA0001813754560000041
Figure BDA0001813754560000051
in the formula: u shape0d、U0qAnd i0d、i0qRespectively represent the middle warp L of the energy storage inverterfCfThree-phase voltage U of filtering output0abcThree-phase current i0abcDq components of the resulting voltage and current after transformation by abc/dq 0; w represents the angular frequency corresponding to the voltage on the AC bus; r isf、LfRespectively representing resistance and filter inductance, CfRepresents a filter capacitance; vd、VqAnd id、iqThree-phase voltage V respectively representing energy storage inverter outputabcAnd three-phase current iabcThe dq component of the resulting current after transformation by abc/dq 0;
the equation of the instantaneous active power and the reactive power output by the energy storage inverter is as follows:
Figure BDA0001813754560000052
the instantaneous power passes through a first-order low-pass filter to obtain the average power as follows:
Figure BDA0001813754560000053
in the formula: u shape0d、U0qAnd i0d、i0qRespectively represent the middle warp L of the energy storage inverterfCfThree-phase voltage V of filtering output0abcThree-phase current i0abcDq components of the resulting voltage and current after transformation by abc/dq 0;
Figure BDA0001813754560000054
respectively representing instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power; w is acRepresents the cut-off angular frequency; p, Q mean active power and mean reactive power, respectively;
the droop characteristic equation of the frequency and the amplitude of the output voltage of the energy storage inverter is as follows:
Figure BDA0001813754560000055
in the formula: w is a0、E0Rated angular frequency and rated voltage output by the energy storage inverter respectively; m isp、nqThe active droop coefficient and the reactive droop coefficient are respectively; p, Q are the average active power and the average reactive power actually output by the energy storage inverter respectively; pref、QrefThe energy storage inverter is respectively referred to active power and reactive power.
As another preferred scheme of the invention, when experiments are carried out on different capacity configurations of the energy storage units of the wind storage isolated network system, the rated capacity of the energy storage units is gradually increased under the condition that the output of the wind turbine generator is certain; the change of the active power response speed under different capacity configurations is obtained by tracking the frequency change of the wind storage isolated network system; when the rated power of the energy storage unit is obtained, the response speed of the system frequency can be met, and the response speed of the active power of the system can be ensured.
As another preferred scheme of the invention, when the wind storage isolated network system is subjected to experiments under different operating condition states, the first scheme is that when the wind turbine generator set normally generates electricity, the rest conditions are unchanged, and the load is cut. The experimental data of the wind storage isolated network system under the working condition state are analyzed by monitoring the real-time states of the storage battery before load shedding, during load shedding and after load shedding and paying attention to the frequency, current and voltage fluctuation of the system. In the second scheme, the rest initial conditions are unchanged, and temporary single-phase grounding fault occurs on the A phase on the AC bus side. And data sorting of the wind storage isolated network system experiment is carried out by monitoring the changes of voltage, frequency, current and active power after the fault occurs and after the fault is repaired. Therefore, research basis of the wind storage isolated network system is enriched.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects.
The method is easy to implement, and the whole established wind storage isolated network system is subjected to experimental study under a series of experimental conditions of different states, different capacities and the like, so that the operating characteristics of the wind storage isolated network system are comprehensively known and deeply analyzed.
The invention is convenient for commercial development. With the increase of the application of the wind storage isolated network system, the development of the experimental strategy of the system has larger requirements, and the invention has better commercial development prospect.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description. The scope of the invention is not limited to the following expressions.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wind storage grid system.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a wind storage isolated network experiment system.
The system output active power waveform of the parameter change curve diagram of the wind storage isolated network system with the rated capacity of 500Ah of the energy storage battery in the figure 3-1-a.
3-1-b rated capacity of energy storage battery 500Ah wind storage isolated network system parameter variation curve diagram.
3-1-c rated capacity of energy storage battery 500Ah wind storage isolated network system parameter variation curve chart of AC bus side three-phase voltage waveform.
The system output active power waveform of the parameter change curve diagram of the wind storage isolated network system with the rated capacity of the energy storage battery of 700Ah in the figure 3-2-a.
3-2-b rated capacity of energy storage battery 700Ah wind storage isolated network system parameter variation curve chart of AC bus side frequency.
3-2-c rated capacity of energy storage battery 700Ah wind storage isolated network system parameter variation curve chart of AC bus side three-phase voltage waveform.
The system output active power waveform of the wind storage isolated network system parameter change with the rated capacity of 1000Ah of the energy storage battery in the figure 3-3-a.
3-3-b the frequency of the AC bus side of the wind storage isolated network system parameter change curve chart with the rated capacity of the energy storage battery of 1000 Ah.
3-3-c energy storage battery rated capacity 1000Ah wind storage isolated network system parameter variation curve chart of the three-phase voltage waveform of the AC bus side.
The system output active power waveform of the parameter change curve diagram of the wind storage isolated network system with the rated capacity of 1500Ah of the energy storage battery in the figure 3-4-a.
3-4-b rated capacity 1500Ah wind storage isolated network system parameter variation curve chart of energy storage battery side frequency of alternating current bus.
3-4-c rated capacity 1500Ah wind storage isolated network system parameter variation curve chart of energy storage battery three-phase voltage waveform of alternating current bus side.
4-1-a wind storage isolated network experimental system is a graph of active power curve output by a wind turbine generator when in load shedding operation.
Fig. 4-1-b is a graph of an active power curve of an alternating current bus load during load shedding operation of the wind storage isolated grid experimental system.
4-1-c wind storage isolated network experimental system the active power curve diagram is outputted by the energy storage inverter when in load shedding operation.
4-1-d wind storage isolated network experimental system alternating current side frequency diagram during load shedding operation.
4-1-e wind storage isolated network experimental system outputs three-phase voltage diagram at alternating current load side when in load shedding operation.
4-1-f wind storage isolated network experimental system outputs three-phase current diagram at AC load side when in load shedding operation.
Fig. 4-2-a is a wind power generation unit output active power curve diagram of the wind storage isolated network experimental system when a phase-A grounding fault of an alternating current bus side occurs.
4-2-b wind storage isolated network experimental system when the A phase grounding fault of the AC bus side occurs, the AC bus load has work power curve diagram.
4-2-c wind storage isolated network experimental system when the A phase grounding fault of the AC bus side occurs, the active power curve diagram is output by the energy storage inverter.
4-2-d wind power storage isolated network experimental system when the AC bus side A phase grounding fault occurs, the frequency diagram of the AC side of the system.
4-2-e wind power storage isolated network experimental system when the A phase grounding fault of the AC bus side occurs, the AC load side outputs a three-phase voltage diagram.
4-2-f wind power storage isolated grid experimental system when the A phase grounding fault of the AC bus side occurs, the AC load side outputs a three-phase current diagram.
Detailed Description
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wind storage isolated network system, and the system of the wind storage isolated network system mainly comprises: a wind power generation system, an energy storage unit, a load and the like.
The wind storage isolated network system mainly comprises a wind driven generator, a rectification and inversion control system, an energy storage system and an alternating current load; the energy storage system is connected to an alternating current bus as an energy conversion device, so that the redundant electric quantity generated by the wind generator set can be stored, the power fluctuation of the system is stabilized, the electric energy quality is improved, power can be supplied to a load under the condition of extreme climate, the stability of the voltage and the frequency of the system is maintained, and the power supply quality of the wind storage isolated grid system is ensured so as to meet the power consumption requirement of the load.
The working process of the wind storage isolated network system is as follows: the wind turbine captures the maximum mechanical power from natural wind and transmits the generated mechanical power to the generator set through the main shaft, and electricity generated by the generator set supplies power to a load through the filter device; the energy storage unit controls the on-off of each bridge arm of the energy storage inverter by collecting voltage and current signals of the side of the alternating current bus so as to restrain the fluctuation of wind power output power caused by sudden change of wind speed; when the wind power output is too small, the energy storage unit can deliver the stored power to supply power to the load.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a wind storage isolated network experiment system. The experimental configuration of the wind storage isolated network system comprises the following steps: the system comprises a fan unit, a fan inverter, a UPS (uninterrupted power supply), a UPS storage battery cabinet, a simulation fan cabinet, a super capacitor energy storage system cabinet, a converter, an energy storage battery management system, a lead-acid battery, a lithium iron battery and a series of professional equipment.
The fan is a permanent magnet synchronous generator directly driven by the wind wheel, and an auxiliary electric starting function is added.
UPS power cabinet and UPS battery cabinet are as stand-by power supply, when the main power source outage suddenly or the power supply is not enough, can in time supply power by supplementary, guarantee the normal power supply temporarily.
The energy storage converter can control the charging and discharging processes of the storage battery, carry out alternating current-direct current conversion, and can directly supply power for alternating current loads under the condition of no power grid. The PCS is composed of a DC/AC bidirectional converter, a control unit and the like. The PCS controller receives a background control instruction through communication, and controls the converter to charge or discharge the battery according to the symbol and the size of the power instruction, so that the active power and the reactive power of the power grid are adjusted.
A Battery Management System (BMS), which is a link between a battery and a user, mainly targets a secondary battery, and mainly aims to improve the utilization rate of the battery and prevent the overcharge and overdischarge of the battery.
The energy storage is composed of a super capacitor, lithium iron phosphate and a lead carbon battery. The wind power system has good regulation performance, and the micro-grid is combined with the wind power system to ensure the normal and stable operation of the micro-grid.
The relationship between the three is as follows: the energy storage converter (PCS) controller communicates with an energy storage Battery Management System (BMS) through a CAN interface to acquire the state information of the battery pack, so that the protective charging and discharging of the battery CAN be realized, and the running safety of the battery is ensured.
The micro-grid laboratory finally builds a system which comprises an experiment combining intelligent power distribution, wind, storage and micro-multiple intelligent grid elements through the equipment. Can provide platform support for the implementation of the experimental method.
As shown in fig. 3-1-a to fig. 3-4-c, under the condition that the wind turbine generator outputs a certain output, the rest conditions are not changed, and the rated capacity of the energy storage unit is gradually increased. The experiment can show that the frequency adjustment speed of the wind storage isolated network system is accelerated along with the increase of the rated capacity of the energy storage battery, and the adjustment precision of the frequency is more accurate. Through the change of the frequency, the active power is deduced to be changed to a certain degree, namely, the active power balance response speed of the system is gradually improved along with the increase of the rated capacity of the energy storage unit in the wind storage isolated network system. It is worth mentioning that the variation speed is not proportional to the increase of the rated capacity of the energy storage battery, and has a certain saturation trend.
1) As shown in fig. 4-1 (fig. 4-1-a to fig. 4-1-f), when the wind turbine generator normally generates power, the rest conditions are not changed, and the load is cut. Before load shedding, the energy storage battery is in a discharging state; at the moment of load shedding, the energy storage battery is in a charging state, the state of charge of the storage battery is in a linear descending state, the frequency and the voltage output by the alternating current side of the system fluctuate, but the fluctuation is not obvious, the normal and stable operation of the wind storage isolated network can be ensured, the current output by the alternating current side of the system is instantly reduced, the stable state is still kept, and no obvious fluctuation exists.
2) As shown in fig. 4-2 (fig. 4-2-a to 4-2-f), the remaining initial conditions are unchanged, and a temporary single-phase ground fault occurs in the a phase on the ac busbar side. During decoction with faults, the A-phase voltage in the three-phase voltage output by the alternating-current load side is 0V, the instantaneous change of current and frequency is increased, and the amplitude is obvious; the active power output by the system fluctuates and is not automatically recovered, and after the fault is repaired, the active power recovers the original stable state and does not fluctuate. The charge state of the storage battery is rapidly and irregularly reduced in the fault period, and after the fault is repaired, the reduction speed of the charge state is recovered to the linear proportion before.
It should be understood that the detailed description of the present invention is only for illustrating the present invention and is not limited to the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention, and those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention can be modified or substituted equally to achieve the same technical effects; as long as the use requirements are met, the invention is within the protection scope.

Claims (1)

1. An experimental method of a wind storage isolated network system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, constructing an experimental platform of a wind storage isolated network system;
step 2, carrying out experiments on different capacity configurations of energy storage units of the wind storage isolated network system experiment platform;
step 3, carrying out experiments of different operating condition states on the wind storage isolated network system experiment platform;
the step 2 comprises the following steps:
2.1, selecting a wind turbine generator and keeping the output of a fan unchanged;
2.2, selecting a droop control mode and selecting different rated capacities for respective experiments by the energy storage unit to obtain a conclusion of realizing capacity configuration optimization;
the step 3 comprises the following steps:
3.1, when the wind turbine generator normally generates power, the rest conditions are unchanged, a load shedding experimental method is researched, and the experimental platform of the wind storage isolated network system can still stably operate under the condition that sudden load reduction occurs;
step 3.2, ensuring the rest initial conditions to be unchanged, carrying out experimental method research on the temporary single-phase earth fault of the phase A at the AC bus side, and verifying that the experimental platform of the wind storage isolated network system can still stably operate under the condition of sudden fault;
the mathematical model of the droop control mode is:
the mathematical model of the grid-side LC filter circuit of the energy storage inverter in the energy storage unit under the dq coordinate system is as follows:
Figure FDA0002989063120000011
Figure FDA0002989063120000012
in the formula: u shape0d、U0qAnd i0d、i0qRespectively represent the middle warp L of the energy storage inverterfCfThree-phase voltage U of filtering output0abcThree-phase current i0abcDq components of the resulting voltage and current after transformation by abc/dq 0; w represents the angular frequency corresponding to the voltage on the alternating current bus; r isf、LfRespectively representing resistance and filter inductance, CfRepresents a filter capacitance; vd、VqAnd id、iqThree-phase voltage V respectively representing energy storage inverter outputabcAnd three-phase current iabcThe dq component of the resulting current after transformation by abc/dq 0;
the equation of the instantaneous active power and the instantaneous reactive power output by the energy storage inverter is as follows:
Figure FDA0002989063120000021
the instantaneous power passes through a first-order low-pass filter to obtain the average power as follows:
Figure FDA0002989063120000022
in the formula: u shape0d、U0qAnd i0d、i0qRespectively represent the middle warp L of the energy storage inverterfCfThree-phase voltage V of filtering output0abcThree-phase current i0abcDq components of the resulting voltage and current after transformation by abc/dq 0;
Figure FDA0002989063120000023
Figure FDA0002989063120000024
respectively representing instantaneous active power and instantaneous reactive power; w is acRepresents the cut-off angular frequency; p, Q mean active power and mean reactive power, respectively;
the droop characteristic equation of the frequency and the amplitude of the output voltage of the energy storage inverter is as follows:
Figure FDA0002989063120000025
in the formula: w is a0、E0Are respectively provided withRated angular frequency and rated voltage output by the energy storage inverter; m isp、nqRespectively an active droop coefficient and a reactive droop coefficient; p, Q are the average active power and the average reactive power actually output by the energy storage inverter respectively; pref、QrefThe reference active power and the reference reactive power of the energy storage inverter are respectively.
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