CN109405960B - Aviation noise identification method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses an aviation noise identification method, which is based on the premise of wide-grid airport noise perception, densely and uniformly distributed noise detection equipment is arranged in a monitoring area, and the aviation noise identification of the wide-grid airport noise perception is realized according to the position interrelation among the monitoring equipment and the generated real-time noise monitoring value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aviation noise identification method, and belongs to the technical field of noise monitoring.
Background
In recent years, although the civil aviation industry of China is developed rapidly, the air transportation resources are still very tight. Both infrastructure and airport numbers and capacity are in serious shortfalls. Statistically, 26 airports in the top 50 airports ranked in national throughput at the end of 2010 are saturated in capacity, and the other 24 airports are expected to be saturated in 2015. In order to solve the problem of shortage of air transportation resources, the number of civil transport airports in the end stage from 'twelve five' is planned to be more than 230 in the whole country. In 2011, only 5 airports are actually added, 3 airports are actually added in 2012, and 14 airports are expected to be added in the early 2013, but 10 airports are actually added. The reason for this is that the construction speed of civil airports in China is seriously influenced by airport noise pollution. According to the statistics of the research report of the China civil aviation administration: in China, more than 150 civil airports have the noise pollution problem, and one third of the airport noise pollution problems are very serious. With the increasing requirements of people on the quality of living environment, the increasing serious airport noise pollution problem causes the wave of people against the airport construction, so that airport operators tend to be passive, the public opinion pressure is increased, and the sustainable development of the civil aviation industry in China is seriously influenced and restricted.
Currently, airport noise monitoring systems are installed and applied to major airports in most developed countries in the world, for example, two monitoring stations and some mobile detection equipment are added around an airport in Frankfurt, Germany to monitor the noise condition of an airplane; the brussel airport in belgium has 21 noise monitoring devices set to provide ambient noise conditions without interruption, and can generate an average noise magnitude distribution ratio and contour plot for one day. Similar monitoring systems are used in major airports such as the first international airport in Beijing, the international airport in hong Kong, and the international airport in Taiwan peach orchard. The airport noise monitoring system can realize the all-day monitoring of airport noise, and the monitoring data of the airport noise monitoring system is used as the reliable basis of airport noise pollution, thereby greatly facilitating the airport manager to implement comprehensive control on the noise. However, the conventional airport noise monitoring system adopts a traditional monitoring mode, the cost of monitoring nodes is high, the requirement on the arrangement environment of the nodes is high, the system stability is poor, the data transmission mode is fixed, and the cost of laying and later maintenance of a transmission line is high. For the reasons described above, conventional monitoring modes are not capable of achieving large-scale dense deployment of airport noise monitoring nodes, nor are they capable of achieving comprehensive measurements of airports and their perimeter noise.
Aiming at the comprehensive real-time perception requirement of airport noise perception, the existing theoretical achievement of the Internet of things provides theoretical basis and practical experience for the research of airport noise perception. However, most of the researches aim at general internet of things technology or specific application scenes, and no research and application precedent exists in the aspect of airport noise perception. Based on the theory of the internet of things, a large amount of noise monitoring equipment is uniformly, densely and widely distributed around the airport environment to form a wide-gridded layout, and all-around real-time noise perception data is provided around the airport.
The current common noise identification method is to analyze and judge the frequency of noise, and mainly includes the methods of wavelet decomposition, noise reduction and the like, so as to separate the noise signal to be identified and identify and judge the noise signal; or on the basis, the noise situation is identified and classified by using methods such as classification and clustering in data mining. However, the above noise identification method only uses noise data of a single noise monitoring point for analysis, and not only ignores characteristics of a plurality of monitoring points in a general grid environment, but also does not consider correlation between monitoring point data. If multi-monitoring point data is considered, the noise data of each monitoring point is analyzed, the calculation amount is greatly increased, but the noise recognition level of each monitoring point cannot be obviously improved because the similarity of the noise data of each monitoring point in frequency is high after conversion.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an aviation noise identification method, noise monitoring equipment which is uniform, dense and wide in arrangement around an airport can be arranged, and each monitoring point can generate a noise value in real time, so that real-time wide-grid airport noise monitoring data can be obtained. The noise intensity of the non-aviation noise is smaller than that of the aviation noise, the noise influence is obviously attenuated and eliminated along with the increase of the distance, the noise influence radius is shorter, the number of monitoring points capable of being influenced is smaller, and therefore the similarity relation of the noise between adjacent monitoring points can be calculated according to the noise value difference of a target monitoring point and the adjacent monitoring points, whether the non-aviation noise coverage exists or not is judged, and then filtering operation is carried out. The influence radius of the aviation noise is far, and the influence radius is often as much as several kilometers. Therefore, under the condition of aviation noise, enough widely distributed noise monitoring points can be influenced, so that the existence of the aviation noise is judged. According to the distribution condition of the noise of the monitoring points, calculating noise increase vectors among the monitoring points, judging whether the noise increase directions point to the same direction or gather at the same position, calculating the possibility of the aviation noise, judging whether the aviation noise exists or not according to the possibility, and roughly estimating the range of the aviation noise.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
on one hand, the invention provides a non-aviation noise filtering method, which comprises the steps of establishing a noise monitoring grid according to the noise value between a target monitoring point and an adjacent monitoring point, and respectively calculating the noise fluctuation conditions in the horizontal direction, the vertical direction and two diagonal directions; based on the isolation of the interference noise points, the noise fluctuation situation is amplified and preprocessed, the most appropriate direction is selected, the similarity of the noise situation in the direction is analyzed, if the similarity is lower than a set threshold value, non-aviation noise interference exists, filtering operation is conducted on the noise interference, and otherwise, the noise interference is not filtered.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, the target monitoring point and the adjacent monitoring points form a 3 multiplied by 3 noise monitoring grid taking the target monitoring point as the center.
On the other hand, the invention provides an aviation noise identification method, which comprises the steps of calculating the noise value difference of each target monitoring point relative to adjacent monitoring points through the noise values of noise monitoring points in the whole monitoring area, and calculating the noise increase vector of the target monitoring points; and calculating the inner product of the noise increase vector of the monitoring point in the whole monitoring area and the distance vector from one point to the monitoring point, and calculating the maximum value of the inner product as the existence degree of the aviation noise source, wherein if the existence degree is greater than a set threshold value, the aviation noise source exists in the monitoring area, and the point is the estimated position of the ground projection where the aviation noise source is located.
On the other hand, the invention provides an aviation noise identification and non-aviation noise filtering method, firstly, a non-aviation noise filtering method is adopted to filter non-aviation noise; and secondly, estimating the position of the aviation noise source by adopting an aviation noise identification method.
As a further optimization scheme of the invention, if a noise value is missing at a monitoring point in a monitoring area, the noise value is replaced by the inverse distance weighted average of the noise values of the nearest N points, wherein N is a positive integer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following technical effects:
1. the invention analyzes according to the mutual position relation among the monitoring point devices and the real-time noise monitoring value generated by the monitoring point devices, and can realize aviation noise identification and non-aviation noise filtration based on airport noise perception. The method greatly improves the identification accuracy of the aviation noise and provides an important basis for the reasonable management of the aviation noise;
2. the method can identify the non-aviation noise source generated in the monitoring area around the airport and filter the non-aviation noise source; identifying and judging an aviation noise source in a monitoring area, and determining whether an airplane takes off and lands in a monitoring range around an airport; an approximate position of the aircraft is estimated. The method can effectively filter non-aviation noise, and can provide reliable basis for the prediction of the approximate position of the airplane and the planning of the air route for taking off the airplane;
3. the method can further realize the real-time contour drawing of airport noise, provide discrimination conditions and theoretical basis for the reproduction of aircraft tracks and the like, make great contribution to the airport construction in China and have important significance to the aviation industry development in China.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail as follows:
the general noise influence range of the aircraft is wide, when the aircraft enters the airport noise monitoring range, due to the characteristic of large-range perception of the Internet of things, noise fluctuation can be monitored by a plurality of noise monitoring points, and the noise distribution has an obvious trend. However, if the automobile is a general automobile whistle or an animal calls, the noise intensity is much lower than that of an aircraft, the influence range in the noise attenuation process is small, the noise values monitored by only 2 or 3 monitoring points around the sound source are changed, and other noise monitoring points are not obviously changed.
Non-airborne noise filtering algorithm
Through the correlation similarity analysis of the monitoring values between the adjacent monitoring points, the interference noise source monitored in the local area can be filtered, and the accuracy of aircraft noise identification can be improved. The specific algorithm process is as follows:
in the general-grid monitoring point layout, monitoring points are distributed according to the grid condition, but the positions of the monitoring points are allowed to have deviation, the monitoring points are allowed to be lost and the like. If the noise value condition is missing at a certain point, the noise value condition is replaced by the inverse distance weighted average of the noise values of the nearest N points.
When judging whether non-aviation noise exists at a certain point P (x, y), selecting a 3X 3 noise monitoring grid W taking P (x, y) as a central point,
W＝{P(i-1,j-1),P(i-1,j),P(i-1,j+1),P(i,j-1),P(i,j),P(i,j+1),P(i+1,j-1),P(i+1,j),P(i+1,j+1)}
where i represents the abscissa of the noise monitoring grid and j represents the ordinate of the grid. The monitoring nodes in the noise monitoring grid W are direction labeled as in table 1.
TABLE 1 noise monitoring grid W
| NW | N | NE |
| W | P(x,y) | E |
| SW | S | SE |
Take 4 subsets (i) in the griddFor noise values of neighboring monitoring points in each direction in the monitoring grid, d represents the 8 directions represented in the monitoring grid):
W1＝{iNW,P(x,y)，iSE}
W2＝{iW,P(x,y)，iE}
W3＝{iSW,P(x,y)，iNE}
W4＝{iN,P(x,y)，iS}
the standard deviation of the 4 subsets was found and the smallest set was found and recorded as Wmin. The smaller the standard deviation, the closer their noise monitoring values are, indicating the smaller the fluctuation of the group of data.
The noise value of the center point of the smallest group is subjected to enhancement processing, namely Wmin L, wherein L [ -1,3, -1 ], and a new center point monitoring value P (x, y)'. If the central point is an interference noise source, the noise value of the monitoring point can be further highlighted through the weighting processing, the difference value between the monitoring point and the surrounding normal monitoring points is increased, and the existence of the interference noise source can be better detected through combining the similarity calculation below. If the central monitoring point is normal noise, namely no non-aviation noise source exists nearby, the detected noise value of the central monitoring point is very close to the noise value of the adjacent monitoring point, and the noise value of the central point is almost unchanged after the central monitoring point is strengthened, so that the similarity calculation cannot be influenced, and the central monitoring point cannot be mistakenly judged as an interference noise point.
After the above processing, the grid center point is changed to P (x, y) ', other monitoring values except the center point P (x, y) ' in the grid W are formed into a new sequence, and a new sequence B ═ B (1), B (2), B (3), B (4), B (5), B (6), B (7) and B (8) is obtained, and each element is subtracted from P (x, y) ' to obtain an absolute value of all differences, so that an absolute value of all differences is obtained
Dj＝|B(j)-P(x,y)'|
Wherein j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 8. Considering the fault tolerance of the algorithm, and when no non-aerial noise source exists around the central monitoring point and no non-aerial noise source exists around the surrounding monitoring points, the noise point is influenced, and the influence on other 7 noise monitoring points and the central noise monitoring point is smaller, so that the noise points are influenced from DjThe minimum 4 values are selected to form a new one-dimensional matrix, so that the affected noise points on the affected side can be removed.
D＝{DiWherein i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to 4.
For the monitoring grid W, if the central point is an interference noise point, the values of 4 elements in D are larger based on the isolation of the noise point; conversely, if the center point is the normal watch point, the values of the 4 elements in D are smaller. To represent the degree of similarity between the center point and the neighboring monitoring points, a new function T is defined, which is expressed by the following formula:
wherein: diRepresents the elements in the new matrix D, and t is a threshold for determining noise. If T is<And t, P (x, y) is a normal monitoring point, otherwise P (x, y) is an interference noise point, the noise monitored by the point is not the aircraft noise, the monitoring value of the point can be ignored in the process of monitoring and processing the aircraft noise, and the noise value is marked to be influenced by the non-aircraft noise.
Aviation noise identification algorithm
The similarity between each target monitoring point and surrounding monitoring points needs to be calculated for the identification of the aviation noise. Because the influence range of the aviation noise is wide, the noise attenuation is related to the logarithm of the distance between the noise monitoring point and the noise source, and the distance between the aircraft noise source and the monitoring point is not too close to be at least one hundred meters, the noise values of several noise monitoring points which are close to each other are not very different, and the noise values cannot be mistakenly identified by a non-aviation noise filtering algorithm. Meanwhile, the distance between each monitoring point and the noise source affects the noise value. W1＝{iNW,P(x,y)，iSE}，W2＝{iW,P(x,y)，iE}，W3＝{iSW,P(x,y)，iNE}，W4＝{iN,P(x,y)，iSIn the method, because each monitoring point is far from the position of a noise source, unless a noise source is near a point P, or the monitoring points are too far away from an aviation noise source, the distances between the monitoring points are too small relative to the distance from the aviation noise source, so that the noise values of the monitoring points are not different; otherwise W1，W2，W3，W4The sequence may form an increasing or decreasing sequence. The direction of noise growth, or the direction of the noise source, can be determined based on the degree to which the noise value increases or decreases in each direction. The specific algorithm steps are as follows:
suppose the layout of monitoring points around an airport is a general grid network of M N. For each nearby presence noise detection deviceCalculating non-aviation noise discrimination and filtering algorithm for the prepared grid points, and setting the filtered grid as a matrix A ═ aij](i is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to M, j is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to N), wherein aijThe noise values of the corresponding grid points.
When aviation noise exists, the coverage area of the aviation noise is a circular area with the aviation noise source as the center of a circle and the influence radius of the circular area is more than 1 Km. The noise value monitored by the monitoring point in a large range is influenced by aviation noise, and the noise value mainly depends on the distance from the monitoring point to an aviation noise source. Therefore we use the matrix
For representing the noise growth vector corresponding to each grid point.
For each grid point filtered in a, W for the 3 x 3 grid centered thereon1，W2，W3，W4Make a judgment if Wi(1. ltoreq. i.ltoreq.4) is an increasing or decreasing sequence, its noise rise direction is marked, otherwise it is not marked. To W1，W2，W3，W4The noise growth directions of (a) are vector-added,
wherein
Is WiThe noise rise vector.
And (x, y) is set as the coordinate of the current point, a matrix A can be obtained through a filtering algorithm, and further a matrix B is obtained, and the degree of each noise increase vector in the matrix B pointing to the same region is calculated:
wherein (x)i,yj) Coordinates of grid points in the ith row and the jth column are represented by α, the grid points are weighted less far away from the balance, the grid points are weighted less far away from the (x, y) distance, so as to represent the degree of pointing to the same area, namely, the possibility of aviation noise existsThreshold value of the null noise, i.e. T>t indicates the presence of airborne noise, and in the presence of an airborne noise source, (x, y) is the estimated location of the ground projection on which the airborne noise source is located. If T<t then indicates that no airborne noise is present.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can understand that the modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (1)
1. The aviation noise identification method is characterized in that the noise value difference of each target monitoring point relative to adjacent monitoring points is calculated through the noise values of noise monitoring points in the whole monitoring area, and the noise increase vector of each target monitoring point is calculated; and calculating the inner product of the noise increase vector of the monitoring point in the whole monitoring area and the distance vector from one point to the monitoring point, and calculating the maximum value of the inner product as the existence degree of the aviation noise source, wherein if the existence degree is greater than a set threshold value, the aviation noise source exists in the monitoring area, and the point is the estimated position of the ground projection where the aviation noise source is located.
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| CN113295265B (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-06-14 | 国网河北省电力有限公司电力科学研究院 | Transformer noise detection method |
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| CN109408945A (en) | 2019-03-01 |
| CN109405960A (en) | 2019-03-01 |
| CN109408945B (en) | 2023-02-07 |
| CN105488260A (en) | 2016-04-13 |
| CN105488260B (en) | 2019-01-18 |
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