CN109402390B - Method for recovering rare earth ions by utilizing bacillus subtilis spores - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for recovering rare earth ions by utilizing bacillus subtilis spores, which comprises the following steps: 1) preparing spores; 2) collecting spores; 3) adsorbing spores; 4) eluting spores and recovering rare earth ions. The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral resource recycling, spores formed by using bacillus subtilis under poor nutritional conditions have strong adsorbability on rare earth ions, the adsorption effect is obviously superior to that of the bacillus subtilis, the spores have specific adsorbability, and the spores can be eluted by adding excessive 2, 6-dipicolinic acid under a neutral condition after adsorption, so that the elution of the spores and the recovery of the rare earth ions are realized, the recovery process is simple, convenient and rapid, the eluted spores can be repeatedly used, and the resource waste and the environmental pollution are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mineral resource recycling, and particularly relates to a method for recycling rare earth ions by utilizing bacillus subtilis spores.
Background
Rare earth has strong activity and biological effect due to Rare Earth Elements (REEs), is widely applied to industries such as national defense industry, aviation, ceramics, petroleum, steel and the like, and is called as industrial vitamin. China's ionic rare earth mine is mainly distributed in south regions, and Jiangxi Ganzhou has over 30% of ionic heavy rare earth in China, which is known as ' rare earth kingdom '.
With the importance of resource and environmental protection, the rare earth mining in China is gradually reduced, so that the rare earth price is continuously promoted. On the other hand, rare earth is regarded as a non-renewable resource and an important strategic resource, and the problem of recycling rare earth is imminent, and the most important of the rare earth is the development of a rare earth recycling technology.
The existing rare earth ion recovery technologies such as CN 108285979A, CN 107699715A and CN 108728656A need to use a large amount of acid, alkali, organic extractant and the like, and have the environmental problems that the rare earth recovery process is complex, the rare earth loss is high, and a large amount of waste liquid is easily discharged.
Due to the special physiological and biochemical characteristics of microorganisms, the microorganisms can physically adsorb rare earth ions through surface functional groups, and most of the microorganisms are Bacillus (Bacillus) bacteria. The bacillus has strong adsorbability to rare earth ions, but no report of rare earth ion recovery by using the bacillus is found.
Therefore, the microorganism method for recovering the rare earth ions by using the bacillus subtilis spores is of great significance.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention unexpectedly discovers that the bacillus subtilis is prepared by fully researching the bacillus subtilis: the spore formed by the bacillus subtilis under the poor nutritional condition has strong adsorbability on rare earth ions, the adsorption effect is obviously superior to that of the bacillus subtilis, and the bacillus subtilis has specific adsorbability, so that the rare earth ions are separated from other metal ions (such as Ca or Mg ions) in solution/waste liquid, the elution can be realized by adding excessive 2, 6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (DPA) under the neutral condition after the adsorption, the elution of the spore and the recovery of the rare earth ions are realized, the recovery process is simple, convenient and quick, the eluted spore can be repeatedly used, and the resource waste and the environmental pollution are reduced.
The objects of the invention will be further illustrated by the following detailed description.
The invention provides a method for recovering rare earth ions by utilizing bacillus subtilis spores, which comprises the following steps:
1) preparing spores: inoculating the activated bacillus subtilis strain into an LB liquid culture medium for shake cultivation for 3-5 hours, and then transferring the seed liquid to a 2xSG solid culture medium for cultivation for 4-6 days at 36-38 ℃;
2) collecting spores: collecting spores obtained in the step 1) into a centrifuge tube, adding 3-5 ℃ sterile deionized water, oscillating and ultrasonically treating for 3-5 min, then centrifuging for 10-20 min at 3-5 ℃ at 8000-12000 rpm, removing supernatant, adding 18-25% by mass of iohexol solution to suspend thalli, after oscillation, transferring into 45-60% by mass of iohexol solution, centrifuging for 10-20 min at 3-5 ℃ at 8000-12000 rpm, removing supernatant suspension, collecting precipitates, washing with sterile water for 3-6 times, centrifuging for 6-10 min at 8000-12000 rpm, and collecting the spores;
3) adsorption of spores: incubating the spores obtained in the step 2) with a solution containing rare earth ions and having a pH value of 7.0-7.4 for 1-10 min at room temperature, centrifuging at 12000-15000 rpm for 3-5 min, removing supernatant, and collecting the adsorbed spores;
4) elution of spores and recovery of rare earth ions: adding excessive 2, 6-dipicolinic acid into the spores obtained in the step 3) under the condition of keeping the pH value of 7.0-7.4 for elution, centrifuging at 10000-14000 rpm for 3-5 min, collecting supernatant to obtain a recovery liquid containing rare earth ions, and performing fluorescence detection on the recovery liquid to obtain the content of the rare earth ions.
The invention cultures the bacillus subtilis in a 2XSG solid culture medium causing poor nutritional condition to form spores, and through adding iohexol solutions with different concentrations in sequence for high-speed centrifugation and controlling the centrifugation time, impurities are effectively removed, and the purity of the spores obtained in the step 2) is observed through a phase-contrast microscope (the spores are bright under the microscope)>99 percent. And adding excessive 2, 6-dipicolinic acid into the collected spores under a neutral condition of pH 7.0-7.4 to realize elution, so that elution of the spores and recovery of rare earth ions are realized. If the pH value of the solution containing the rare earth ions is not 7.0-7.4, the pH value needs to be adjusted to 7.0-7.4 so as to better realize spore adsorption. A certain amount of spores having a saturated adsorption capacity, as shown in FIG. 1, the spores are directed to Tb3+Saturation adsorption capacity of about 102 nanomole/mg spore for Dy3+The saturated adsorption capacity was about 196 nmol/mg spore. Therefore, in elution, DPA is added in the form of powder or an aqueous solution, and the amount thereof is larger than the above-mentioned saturated adsorption amount.
Preferably, the rare earth ion is terbium or dysprosium.
More preferably, the rare earth element is terbium, the absorption spectrum of fluorescence detection is 275nm, and the emission spectrum is 545 nm.
More preferably, the rare earth element is dysprosium, the absorption spectrum of fluorescence detection is 275nm, and the emission spectrum is 480 nm.
Preferably, the Bacillus subtilis is Bacillus subtilis168 with a deposit number of ATCC NO. 27370.
Preferably, the preparation method of the LB liquid medium comprises the following steps: adding 10g of tryptone (tryptone), 5g of yeast extract and 10g of NaCl into 950mL of deionized water, adjusting the pH value to 7.0 by using 1mol/L NaOH solution, fixing the volume to 1L, and sterilizing under high pressure to obtain the yeast extract.
Preferably, the preparation method of the 2 × SG solid medium comprises the following steps: 970mL of deionized water was added to 16g of Nutrient Broth (Nutrient Broth), 1mol/L MgSO 142mL of solution, 13mL of 2mol/L KCl solution and 1mol/LMnCl2Solution 100 mu L, 0.036mol/L FeSO430 mu L of the solution and 15g of agar powder, fixing the volume to 1L, autoclaving, and adding 20mL of 50 xcalcium nitrate-glucose solution which is sterilized separately after sterilization to obtain the agar-agar gel; the calcium nitrate-glucose solution is prepared by adding 1.18g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and 5g of glucose into deionized water to 100 mL.
Preferably, the activation of the bacillus subtilis strain comprises the steps of: and (3) streaking the preserved bacillus subtilis strain to an LB solid culture medium, and carrying out overnight culture at 36-38 ℃. The LB solid culture medium is obtained by adding 15g of agar powder on the basis of LB liquid culture medium, then autoclaving at 121 ℃ for 20min, and cooling.
Preferably, the conditions of shake culture are: 36 to 38 ℃ and 250 to 300 rpm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the invention discovers that spores formed by culturing the bacillus subtilis when the bacillus subtilis causes poor nutritional conditions have strong adsorbability on rare earth ions, the adsorption effect is obviously better than that of the bacillus subtilis per se, and the spores have specific adsorbability, so that the rare earth ions are separated from other metal ions (such as Ca or Mg ions) in the solution/waste liquid.
(2) According to the invention, through adding iohexol solutions with different concentrations for high-speed centrifugation and controlling the centrifugation time, impurities are effectively removed, and collection of spores is realized.
(3) The invention realizes the recovery of rare earth ions by preparing, collecting and eluting spores, and finds that the rare earth ions (especially Tb) are rare earth ions3+、Dy3+) Can be combined with excessive DPA to form a compound, and the fluorescence intensity and the rare earth ion concentration of the compound form a linear relation in a certain range, thereby being convenient for the detection of the content of the rare earth ions in the recovery liquid and the evaluation of the recovery effect.
(4) The invention can be widely applied to the treatment of sewage containing rare earth ions, and reduces possible environmental pollution risks while realizing the recovery of rare earth ion resources.
(5) The recovery process is simple, convenient and quick, avoids using a large amount of reagents such as acid, alkali and the like, and the eluted spores can be reused, thereby avoiding resource waste and environmental pollution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 spore pair Tb3+、Dy3+Detecting map of adsorption effect; wherein A is a spore pair Tb3+B is spore pair Dy3+The adsorption effect of (2) is detected.
FIG. 2Tb3+、Dy3+Fluorescence intensity detection maps of complexes formed upon binding respectively to excess DPA; wherein A is Tb3+Fluorescence intensity detection of complexes formed after binding with excess DPA, B being Dy3+Fluorescence intensity detection profile of complex formation upon binding to excess DPA.
FIG. 3 excess DPA elution of Tb from spores3+、Dy3+A fluorescence intensity detection map of (a); wherein A is excess DPA eluting Tb from spores3+A fluorescence intensity detection map of (a); wherein B is excess DPA eluting Dy from spores3+Fluorescence intensity detection map of (2).
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
In the invention, the Bacillus subtilis is Bacillus subtilis168, and the preservation number is ATCC NO: 27370.
Example preparation and Collection of Bacillus subtilis168 spores
The preparation and collection of the Bacillus subtilis168 spores comprise the following steps:
1) inoculating the activated bacillus subtilis strain into an LB liquid culture medium, culturing for 4 hours at 37 ℃ and 250rpm in a shaking table, and then transferring the seed liquid to a 2x SG solid culture medium to culture for 5 days at 37 ℃; the activation of the bacillus subtilis strain comprises the following steps: streaking the preserved bacillus subtilis strain to an LB solid culture medium, and carrying out overnight culture in an incubator at 37 ℃;
2) collecting spores obtained in the step 1) into a centrifuge tube, adding 4 ℃ sterile deionized water, oscillating and ultrasonically treating for 4min, then centrifuging for 15min at 10000rpm at 4 ℃, removing supernatant, adding 20 mass percent iohexol solution to suspend thalli, oscillating, transferring into 50 mass percent iohexol solution, centrifuging for 15min at 10000rpm at 4 ℃, removing upper layer suspension, collecting precipitates, washing for 4 times by using sterile water, centrifuging for 8min at 10000rpm, and collecting the spores; spores were bright and the resulting spore was > 99% pure, as observed by phase contrast microscopy.
Example adsorption assay for Bacillus subtilis168 spores
Respectively incubating the spores prepared in the first example with solutions containing rare earth ions with different concentrations and pH7.2 for 10min at room temperature, centrifuging at 14000rpm for 4min, removing supernatant, and collecting adsorbed spores. Spore pair Tb3+、Dy3+The adsorption effect detection diagram is shown in fig. 1, the surface of the spore is fully cleaned before detection, so that rare earth ions with weak binding force on the surface of the spore are cleaned, and the spore pair Tb3+Has a saturated adsorption capacity of about 102 nmol/mg spore, spore to Tb3+The saturated adsorption capacity of (a) is about 196 nmol/mg spore. The adsorption capacity of the spores to different rare earth ions is different, and the saturated adsorption quantity detection of the invention eliminates the adsorption influence of weak surface binding force.
Under the same condition, the bacillus subtilis strain is detected to be Tb3+Has a saturation adsorption amount of about 78 nmol/mg strain and spores to Dy3+The saturated adsorption capacity of (a) is about 152 nanomole/mg strain. Therefore, the adsorption capacity of the bacillus subtilis spores to the rare earth ions is obviously stronger.
EXAMPLE III method for recovering rare earth ions by using Bacillus subtilis spores
A method for recovering rare earth ions by utilizing bacillus subtilis spores comprises the following steps:
1) preparation and collection of spores: as in embodiment one;
2) adsorption of spores: as in example two;
3) elution of spores and recovery of rare earth ions: adding excessive 2, 6-dipicolinic acid into the spores obtained in the step 2) under the condition of keeping the pH value at 7.2 for elution, centrifuging at 12000rpm for 4min, collecting supernatant to obtain a recovery solution containing rare earth ions, and carrying out fluorescence detection on the recovery solution to obtain the content of the rare earth ions.
When the rare earth ion is Tb3+Then, Tb3+Fluorescence intensity detection of complex formation after binding with excess DPA is shown in fig. 2 as a, with an absorption spectrum of 275nm and a divergence spectrum of 545nm for fluorescence detection; when rare earth ion is Dy3+Then, Dy3+Fluorescence intensity detection of complex formation upon binding to excess DPA the absorbance spectrum and the emission spectrum of fluorescence detection are 275nm and 480nm, as shown in B of FIG. 2. As can be seen from FIG. 2, Tb3+、Dy3+Can be combined with excessive DPA to form a complex, and the fluorescence intensity of the complex is in a linear relation with the concentration of rare earth ions within a certain range.
Excess DPA elutes Tb from spores3+、Dy3+FIG. 3 shows the fluorescence intensity detection chart of (A), Tb eluted from spores3+The Dy can be completely eluted after 10-15 min, and Dy is eluted from spores3+The elution can be completed within 20-25 min.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A method for recovering rare earth ions by utilizing bacillus subtilis spores is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) preparing spores: inoculating the activated bacillus subtilis strain into an LB liquid culture medium for shake cultivation for 3-5 hours, and then inoculating the seed liquid into a 2x SG solid culture medium for cultivation for 4-6 days at 36-38 ℃;
2) collecting spores: collecting spores obtained in the step 1) into a centrifuge tube, adding 3-5 ℃ sterile deionized water, oscillating and ultrasonically treating for 3-5 min, then centrifuging for 10-20 min at 3-5 ℃ at 8000-12000 rpm, removing supernatant, adding 18-25% by mass of iohexol solution to suspend thalli, after oscillation, transferring into 45-60% by mass of iohexol solution, centrifuging for 10-20 min at 3-5 ℃ at 8000-12000 rpm, removing supernatant suspension, collecting precipitates, washing with sterile water for 3-6 times, centrifuging for 6-10 min at 8000-12000 rpm, and collecting the spores;
3) adsorption of spores: incubating the spores obtained in the step 2) with a solution containing rare earth ions and having a pH value of 7.0-7.4 for 1-10 min at room temperature, centrifuging at 12000-15000 rpm for 3-5 min, removing supernatant, and collecting the adsorbed spores;
4) elution of spores and recovery of rare earth ions: adding excessive 2, 6-dipicolinic acid into the spores obtained in the step 3) under the condition of keeping the pH value of 7.0-7.4 for elution, centrifuging at 10000-14000 rpm for 3-5 min, collecting supernatant to obtain a recovery liquid containing rare earth ions, and performing fluorescence detection on the recovery liquid to obtain the content of the rare earth ions.
2. The method for recovering rare earth ions using Bacillus subtilis spores as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the rare earth ions are terbium or dysprosium.
3. The method for recovering rare earth ions using Bacillus subtilis spores as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the rare earth element is terbium, the absorption spectrum of fluorescence detection is 275nm, and the dispersion spectrum is 545 nm.
4. The method for recovering rare earth ions using Bacillus subtilis spores as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the rare earth element is dysprosium, the absorption spectrum of fluorescence detection is 275nm, and the dispersion spectrum is 480 nm.
5. The method for recovering rare earth ions using Bacillus subtilis spores as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the Bacillus subtilis is Bacillus subtilis168, and the preservation number is ATCC NO: 27370.
6. The method for recovering rare earth ions using Bacillus subtilis spores as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the preparation method of the LB liquid culture medium comprises the following steps: adding 10g of tryptone, 5g of yeast extract and 10g of NaCl into 950mL of deionized water, adjusting the pH value to 7.0 by using 1mol/L NaOH solution, metering the volume to 1L, and sterilizing under high pressure to obtain the yeast extract.
7. The method for recovering rare earth ions using Bacillus subtilis spores as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the preparation method of the 2x SG solid culture medium comprises the following steps: 970mL of deionized water was added with 16g of nutrient broth, 1mol/L MgSO42mL of solution, 13mL of 2mol/L KCl solution and 1mol/L MnCl2Solution 100. mu.L, 0.036mol/LFeSO430 mu L of the solution and 15g of agar powder, fixing the volume to 1L, autoclaving, and adding 20mL of 50 xcalcium nitrate-glucose solution which is sterilized separately after sterilization to obtain the agar-agar gel; the calcium nitrate-glucose solution is prepared by adding 1.18g of calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and 5g of glucose into deionized water to 100 mL.
8. The method for recovering rare earth ions using Bacillus subtilis spores as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the activation of the bacillus subtilis strain comprises the following steps: and (3) streaking the preserved bacillus subtilis strain to an LB solid culture medium, and carrying out overnight culture at 36-38 ℃.
9. The method for recovering rare earth ions using Bacillus subtilis spores as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the conditions of shake culture are as follows: 36 to 38 ℃ and 250 to 300 rpm.
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| CN110373549B (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-12-22 | 贵州理工学院 | Method for recovering rare earth from heap leaching and leaching acidolysis residue containing rare earth |
| CN110938565B (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-06-29 | 江西理工大学 | Bacillus cereus and method for recycling rare earth ions by using same |
| CN113046554B (en) * | 2021-03-09 | 2022-03-11 | 中南大学 | Method for leaching weathering crust elution-deposited rare earth ore by using metabolite of microorganism |
| CN113416688A (en) * | 2021-06-23 | 2021-09-21 | 江西理工大学 | Preparation method of immobilized spores and application of immobilized spores in adsorption of rare earth ions |
| CN117482928A (en) * | 2023-11-21 | 2024-02-02 | 四川大学 | Rare earth metal ion adsorption material and preparation method thereof |
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