CN109399959B - Method for reducing stress of tempered glass and method for recycling defective glass - Google Patents

Method for reducing stress of tempered glass and method for recycling defective glass Download PDF

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CN109399959B
CN109399959B CN201811233295.1A CN201811233295A CN109399959B CN 109399959 B CN109399959 B CN 109399959B CN 201811233295 A CN201811233295 A CN 201811233295A CN 109399959 B CN109399959 B CN 109399959B
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glass
stress
strengthened glass
ion exchange
lithium silicate
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CN109399959A (en
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周群飞
王天碧
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Lens Technology Co Ltd
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C21/00Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
    • C03C21/001Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions
    • C03C21/002Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions to perform ion-exchange between alkali ions

Abstract

The invention provides a method for reducing stress of tempered glass and a recycling method of defective glass, and relates to the field of touch screen production, wherein the method for reducing stress of the tempered glass comprises the following steps: A) preheating: preheating the lithium silicate strengthened glass at the temperature of 290 ℃ and 350 ℃ for 2-5 h; B) ion exchange: and (2) placing the preheated tempered glass in mixed molten salt of sodium nitrate and lithium nitrate, and performing ion exchange at 382-450 ℃ for 10-120min, wherein in the mixed molten salt, the weight percentage of the sodium nitrate is 71-79%, and the weight percentage of the lithium nitrate is 21-29%. The method for reducing the stress of the strengthened glass can solve the technical problem that the stress of the lithium silicate strengthened glass can be eliminated in the prior art, and achieves the purpose of reducing or eliminating the stress of the lithium silicate strengthened glass.

Description

Method for reducing stress of tempered glass and method for recycling defective glass
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of touch screen production, in particular to a method for reducing stress of tempered glass and a recycling method of defective glass.
Background
The chemically strengthened glass is widely applied to the electronic fields of touch panels of mobile phones, watches, computers and the like, along with increasingly strict requirements on the appearance of glass products, the quantity of glass breakage waste products after strengthening is gradually increased, and if the waste glass is directly scrapped, resources and production cost are seriously wasted. If the waste glass is recycled or secondarily processed, the strengthened glass product has residual stress on the surface, and cracks appear at the lower cutting point of the product in the cutting process, so that the glass product is cracked. That is, the strengthened glass product cannot be subjected to secondary processing, and it is necessary to remove the stress in the strengthened glass and then subject the glass to secondary processing.
At present, in order to improve the strengthening strength of the touch panel, lithium silicate glass is increasingly used. Compared with the traditional aluminate glass, the expansion coefficient of the lithium silicate glass is larger, the existing method for eliminating the glass stress is not suitable for the lithium silicate glass, the existing method for eliminating the glass stress is used for treating the lithium silicate glass, the stress eliminating effect is not ideal, the residual stress after treatment is large, the size change is large, and secondary processing such as strengthening or cutting cannot be carried out again. Lithium silicate glass cannot be used directly for secondary processing after being strengthened for the following reasons: firstly, the product is easy to break when cut; secondly, the surface polishing product is easy to warp; thirdly, strengthening again, the stress value of the product can be increased, the risk of spontaneous explosion exists, and the size of the product can continue to expand.
In view of the above, the present invention is particularly proposed.
Disclosure of Invention
The first purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for reducing the stress of strengthened glass, so as to alleviate the technical problem that the prior art lacks a method suitable for eliminating the stress of lithium silicate strengthened glass.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a recycling method of the defective lithium silicate strengthened glass, which can improve the recycling rate of the defective lithium silicate strengthened glass in the production process of the touch screen and save the cost of raw materials.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the following technical solutions are adopted:
a method of reducing stress in strengthened glass comprising the steps of:
A) preheating: preheating the lithium silicate strengthened glass at the temperature of 290 ℃ and 350 ℃ for 2-5 h;
B) ion exchange: placing the preheated reinforced glass in mixed molten salt of sodium nitrate and lithium nitrate, carrying out ion exchange at 382-450 ℃ for 10-120min,
in the mixed molten salt, the weight percentage of the sodium nitrate is 71-79%, and the weight percentage of the lithium nitrate is 21-29%.
Further, in the step A), the preheating temperature is 300-330 ℃, and the preheating time is 2.5-3.5 h.
Further, in the step B), ion exchange is carried out for 30-90min at 390-420 ℃.
Further, in the mixed molten salt, the weight percentage of the sodium nitrate is 72-78%, and the weight percentage of the lithium nitrate is 22-28%.
Further, in the mixed molten salt, the weight percentage of the sodium nitrate is 74-77%, and the weight percentage of the lithium nitrate is 23-26%.
The method is used for treating the defective lithium silicate reinforced glass to reduce or eliminate stress in the lithium silicate reinforced glass, and then secondary processing is carried out to obtain a recycled glass product.
Further, the secondary processing includes cutting or strengthening treatment.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for reducing the stress of the strengthened glass provided by the invention is that the lithium silicate strengthened glass is preheated for 2-5h at the temperature of 290-350 ℃, then the ion exchange is carried out in the mixed molten salt consisting of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate, and the stress in the lithium silicate strengthened glass is eliminated through the ion exchange. Lithium silicate strengthening K of glass surfaces in ion exchange+Ion and Na in mixed molten salt+Exchange takes place due to Na+Ion ratio K+The radius of the ion is small, and therefore, Na passes+Ion-displaced K on the surface of lithium silicate strengthened glass+The surface stress in the lithium silicate strengthened glass can be reduced; at the same time, due to Li+The radius of the ion is minimum, and the activity is higher, so Li in lithium nitrate+The ions can replace Na in the lithium silicate strengthened glass+Ions, thereby reducing the internal stress of the lithium silicate strengthened glass. By the ion exchange, the stress in the lithium silicate strengthened glass can be reduced or eliminated, and the purpose of size reduction is achieved, so that the glass product can be conveniently subjected to secondary processing. For example, a piece of 100mm × 100mm strengthened glass can be reduced in size to 98mm × 98mm after ion exchange by the above-described method, and a piece of 100mm × 100mm strengthened glass can be obtained again by subsequent re-strengthening treatment.
The invention provides a method for reducing the stress of strengthened glass, which can effectively eliminate the stress on the surface of the glass, so that the hardness of the glass is equal to the hardness before strengthening, for example, the Vickers hardness of lithium silicate strengthened glass is 600-750HV, and after the treatment by the method provided by the invention, the Vickers hardness can be reduced to 450-550HV, thereby facilitating secondary processing such as re-strengthening or cutting treatment of defective products.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only illustrative of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products available commercially.
In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of reducing stress in strengthened glass, comprising the steps of:
A) preheating: preheating the lithium silicate strengthened glass at the temperature of 290 ℃ and 350 ℃ for 2-5 h;
B) ion exchange: placing the preheated reinforced glass in mixed molten salt of sodium nitrate and lithium nitrate, and carrying out ion exchange at 380-460 ℃ for 10-120min,
in the mixed molten salt, the weight percentage of the sodium nitrate is 70-80%, and the weight percentage of the lithium nitrate is 20-30%.
The method for reducing the stress of the strengthened glass provided by the invention is that the lithium silicate strengthened glass is preheated for 2-5h at the temperature of 290-350 ℃, then the ion exchange is carried out in the mixed molten salt consisting of sodium nitrate and potassium nitrate, and the stress in the lithium silicate strengthened glass is eliminated through the ion exchange. Lithium silicate strengthening K of glass surfaces in ion exchange+Ion and Na in mixed molten salt+Exchange takes place due to Na+Ion ratio K+The radius of the ion is small, and therefore, Na passes+Ion-displaced K on the surface of lithium silicate strengthened glass+The surface stress in the lithium silicate strengthened glass can be reduced; at the same time, due to Li+The radius of the ion is minimum, and the activity is higher, so Li in lithium nitrate+The ions can replace Na in the lithium silicate strengthened glass+Ions, thereby reducing the internal stress of the lithium silicate strengthened glass. By the ion exchange, the stress in the lithium silicate strengthened glass can be reduced or eliminated, and the purpose of size reduction is achieved, so that the glass product can be conveniently subjected to secondary processing. For example, a piece of 100mm × 100mm strengthened glass can be reduced in size to 98mm × 98mm after ion exchange by the above-described method, and a piece of 100mm × 100mm strengthened glass can be obtained again by subsequent re-strengthening treatment.
The invention provides a method for reducing the stress of strengthened glass, which can effectively eliminate the stress on the surface of the glass, so that the hardness of the glass is equal to the hardness before strengthening, for example, the Vickers hardness of the lithium silicate strengthened glass is 600-750HV, and after the method provided by the invention is used for treatment, the Vickers hardness can be reduced to 450-550HV, thereby facilitating the secondary processing of poor products, such as re-strengthening or cutting treatment.
In the present invention, the preheating temperature of the lithium silicate strengthened glass is typically, but not limited to, 290 ℃, 300 ℃, 310 ℃, 320 ℃, 330 ℃, 340 ℃ or 350 ℃; the preheating time may be, for example, 2h, 3h, 4h or 5 h.
In the present invention, the temperature during ion exchange may be, for example, 380 ℃, 390 ℃, 400 ℃, 410 ℃, 420 ℃, 430 ℃, 440 ℃, 450 ℃ or 460 ℃, typically but not exclusively; the time for ion exchange may be, for example, 10min, 20min, 30min, 50min, 70min, 90min or 120 min.
In the present invention, the weight percentage of sodium nitrate in the mixed molten salt may be typically, but not limited to, 70%, 72%, 74%, 75%, 76%, 78%, or 80%, for example; typical but non-limiting weight percentages of lithium nitrate may be, for example, 20%, 22%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 28%, or 30%.
In the step A), when the preheating temperature is lower than 290 ℃, the step of preheating the tempered glass enters an ion exchange step, the temperature of mixed molten salt in the ion exchange process is reduced by about 10 ℃, and the surface of the glass is cracked after the ion exchange is finished; when the preheating temperature is higher than 350 ℃, the glass bracket and the glass have local reaction, and adverse results are generated.
In the preheating process, if the preheating time is less than 2 hours, the temperature of the glass on the inner side of the ion exchange frame cannot reach the set temperature of the preheating furnace, and after the ion exchange step is carried out, the stress values of the glass at each position in the frame are too large due to uneven temperature at each position of the ion exchange frame.
In step B), the ion exchange step can achieve the desired stress layer and product scaling by higher temperature or longer time, for example: in ion exchange, the ion exchange time is 10-20min at 380 ℃, and the scaling ratio of length to width is 0.01% -0.02%. Using NaNO3And LiNO3Carrying out ion exchange on the mixed molten salt, wherein the stress value is 50-150MPa, and the stress layer is 5-10 um; if the surface stress value exceeds 150MPa or the stress layer exceeds 10um, the glass is internally provided withIncreasing partial stress to make the glass self-explosion rate exceed 0.1%; if the surface stress value is less than 50MPa or the stress layer is less than 5um, the glass processed by the method has poorer bending strength than the traditional chemically strengthened workpiece.
By utilizing the method provided by the invention, after the lithium silicate strengthened glass is treated, the Vickers hardness can be reduced to 450-560 HV, and the Vickers hardness is infinitely close to the hardness of the glass before strengthening of 450-580 HV. The treated glass can be normally cut into any specification allowed in the size range according to the requirements, the purpose of recycling unqualified products is achieved, and the raw material cost is saved.
Taking lithium silicate strengthened glass which is commonly used in the industry as an example, the surface stress CS of the traditional lithium silicate glass after being strengthened is 600-950 MPa, the strengthening depth DOL is 7-10 um, the inflection point stress CSK is 80-170MPa, and the average value of the bending stress is 600 MPa. The unqualified product is treated by the method provided by the invention and then is re-strengthened, the surface stress CS of the obtained strengthened glass is 700-950 MPa, the strengthening depth DOL is 6.5-12 um, the inflection point stress CSK is 50-150MPa, and the bending stress mean value is 700MPa, so that the strength of the re-strengthened glass after stress reduction treatment is about 14% higher than that of the normally strengthened glass, the DOL value is about 0.5um lower than that before, the CS value is about 50MPa higher than that before, and the CSK value is about 30MPa lower than that before. Because the DOL value can be adjusted by time and temperature, the DOL difference can be compensated.
In some embodiments of the present invention, in step A), the preheating temperature is 300-330 ℃ and the preheating time is 2.5-3.5 h.
By optimizing the preheating temperature and the preheating time, the preheating effect of the lithium silicate strengthened glass can be improved, so that the ion movement activity in the lithium silicate strengthened glass is increased.
In some embodiments of the invention, step B) is ion-exchanged at 390-420 ℃ for 30-90 min.
By optimizing the temperature and time during ion exchange, the ion exchange can be made more uniform and complete to further reduce the stress in the lithium silicate strengthened glass.
In some embodiments of the invention, the mixed molten salt comprises 72-78 wt% of sodium nitrate and 22-28 wt% of lithium nitrate. In a further embodiment of the present invention, in the mixed molten salt, the weight percentage of the sodium nitrate is 74 to 77% and the weight percentage of the lithium nitrate is 23 to 26%.
By optimizing the content of sodium nitrate and lithium nitrate in the mixed molten salt used in the ion exchange process, the depth of ion exchange can be improved, and the stress in the lithium silicate strengthened glass is further reduced.
In a second aspect, the invention provides a recycling method of lithium silicate reinforced glass defective products, which is used for treating the lithium silicate reinforced glass defective products to reduce or eliminate stress in the lithium silicate reinforced glass, and then performing secondary processing to obtain recycled glass products. Wherein the secondary processing comprises, for example, cutting or strengthening.
By utilizing the recycling method, the recycling rate of defective lithium silicate reinforced glass products in the production process of the touch screen can be improved, and the raw material cost is saved.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and comparative examples.
Example 1
The embodiment is a method for reducing stress of tempered glass, which comprises the following steps:
A) preheating: preheating lithium silicate strengthened glass at 290 ℃ for 2 h; the lithium silicate strengthened glass in the embodiment is a defective product produced in the process of producing the touch screen, the surface stress CS is 820MPa, the strengthening depth DOL is 8um, the inflection point stress CSK is 120MPa, the average value of bending stress is 600MPa, and the Vickers hardness is 700 HV;
B) ion exchange: placing the preheated reinforced glass in mixed molten salt of sodium nitrate and lithium nitrate, carrying out ion exchange for 60min at 400 ℃, wherein,
in the mixed molten salt, the weight percentage of sodium nitrate is 71 percent, and the weight percentage of lithium nitrate is 29 percent;
the surface stress CS obtained after ion exchange is 70-80MPa, the strengthening depth DOL is 8-9um, the mean value of the bending stress is 320-350MPa, and the Vickers hardness is 500-520 HV.
Example 2
This example is a method for reducing stress of strengthened glass, and is different from example 1 in that the preheating in this example is to preheat the lithium silicate strengthened glass at 310 ℃ for 3h, and other process parameters are the same as those in example 1.
The surface stress CS obtained after ion exchange is 70-80MPa, the strengthening depth DOL is 8-9um, the mean value of the bending stress is 320-350MPa, and the Vickers hardness is 500-520 HV.
Example 3
The present example is a method for reducing stress of strengthened glass, and is different from example 2 in that in the mixed molten salt used in the ion exchange process in the present example, the weight percentage of sodium nitrate is 75%, the weight percentage of lithium nitrate is 25%, and other process parameters are the same as those in example 2.
The surface stress CS obtained after ion exchange is 60-70MPa, the strengthening depth DOL is 8.5-9.5um, the average value of the bending stress is 350-380MPa, and the Vickers hardness is 480-500 HV.
Example 4
The embodiment is a method for reducing stress of tempered glass, which comprises the following steps:
A) preheating: preheating lithium silicate strengthened glass at 320 ℃ for 2.5 h; the lithium silicate strengthened glass in the embodiment is a defective product produced in the process of producing the touch screen, the surface stress CS is 820MPa, the strengthening depth DOL is 8um, the inflection point stress CSK is 120MPa, the average value of bending stress is 600MPa, and the Vickers hardness is 700 HV;
B) ion exchange: placing the preheated reinforced glass in mixed molten salt of sodium nitrate and lithium nitrate, carrying out ion exchange for 15min at 450 ℃, wherein,
in the mixed molten salt, the weight percentage of sodium nitrate is 73 percent, and the weight percentage of lithium nitrate is 27 percent;
the surface stress CS obtained after ion exchange is 55-65MPa, the strengthening depth DOL is 8.3-9.3um, the average value of the bending stress is 300-350MPa, and the Vickers hardness is 510-550 HV.
Example 5
The embodiment is a method for reducing stress of tempered glass, which comprises the following steps:
A) preheating: preheating lithium silicate strengthened glass at 340 ℃ for 2 h; the lithium silicate strengthened glass in the embodiment is a defective product produced in the process of producing the touch screen, the surface stress CS is 820MPa, the strengthening depth DOL is 8um, the inflection point stress CSK is 120MPa, the average value of bending stress is 600MPa, and the Vickers hardness is 700 HV;
B) ion exchange: placing the preheated reinforced glass in mixed molten salt of sodium nitrate and lithium nitrate, carrying out ion exchange for 90min at the temperature of 420 ℃, wherein,
in the mixed molten salt, the weight percentage of sodium nitrate is 78 percent, and the weight percentage of lithium nitrate is 22 percent;
the surface stress CS obtained after ion exchange is 50-60MPa, the strengthening depth DOL is 8.5-9.5um, the average value of the bending stress is 320-360MPa, and the Vickers hardness is 490-530 HV.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is a method for reducing stress of strengthened glass, and is different from the example 3 in that the preheating in the comparative example is to preheat the lithium silicate strengthened glass at 250 ℃ for 2h, and other process parameters are the same as the example 3.
The surface stress CS obtained after ion exchange is 80-100MPa, the strengthening depth DOL is 8.0-9.5um, the average value of the bending stress is 300-.
Comparative example 2
The comparative example is a method for reducing stress of strengthened glass, and is different from the example 3 in that the preheating in the comparative example is to preheat the lithium silicate strengthened glass at 380 ℃ for 2h, and other process parameters are the same as the example 3.
The surface stress CS obtained after ion exchange is 60-90MPa, the strengthening depth DOL is 9.5-11um, the mean value of the bending stress is 280-510 HV, and the Vickers hardness is 460-510 HV.
Comparative example 3
The comparative example is a method for reducing stress of the strengthened glass, and is different from the example 3 in that the ion exchange process in the comparative example is to place the preheated strengthened glass in the mixed molten salt of sodium nitrate and lithium nitrate, and perform ion exchange for 4 hours at 420 ℃, and other process parameters are the same as those in the example 3.
The surface stress CS obtained after ion exchange is 40-70MPa, the strengthening depth DOL is 12.5-14.5um, the mean value of the bending stress is 260-300MPa, and the Vickers hardness is 450-490 HV.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example is a method for reducing stress of the strengthened glass, and is different from the example 3 in that the ion exchange process in the comparative example is to place the preheated strengthened glass in the mixed molten salt of sodium nitrate and lithium nitrate, and perform ion exchange for 5 hours at 420 ℃, and other process parameters are the same as those in the example 3.
The surface stress CS obtained after ion exchange is 30-50MPa, the strengthening depth DOL is 13.5-15.5um, the mean value of the bending stress is 250-300MPa, and the Vickers hardness is 460-500 HV.
In view of the method of reducing stress in strengthened glass provided in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-4, there is little variability in stress relief, i.e., in the properties of the annealed product.
Second strengthening test
The annealed glasses (i.e., the reduced stress glasses) provided in examples 1-5 and comparative examples 1-4 were re-strengthened, respectively, using the following specific steps:
annealed product → grinding (poor appearance) → strengthening (comprising preheating at 300 ℃ for 2H and toughening at 385 ℃ for 90min, wherein the molten salt proportion in the strengthening process is 97% potassium nitrate + 3% sodium nitrate).
The glass products obtained after the secondary strengthening were tested for appearance yield, bending stress resistance and product shrinkage, respectively, and the test results are listed in table 1.
TABLE 1 test results
Test items Apparent yield% Bending stress/MPa Shrinkage of product/%
Example 1 91 658 0.04
Example 2 87 684 0.04
Example 3 89 703 0.03
Example 4 90 642 0.04
Example 5 87 694 0.05
Comparative example 1 21 632 0.08
Comparison ofExample 2 34 647 0.07
Comparative example 3 86 423 0.18
Comparative example 4 89 411 0.17
Description of the test:
1) in the test process, the bending stress resistance is a destructive four-point bending test, the span is 20mm/40mm, and the ballast speed is 10 mm/min;
2) the above product shrinkage calculations were based on the dimensions of the respective glass products before annealing, i.e., the original dimensions of the glasses treated in each of the examples and comparative examples.
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, comparative examples 1-2 have inferior appearance yields compared to examples 1-5, which indicates that the preheating temperature has a greater effect on the appearance of the re-strengthened glass and a lesser effect on its resistance to bending stress in the method of reducing the stress of the strengthened glass. When the preheating temperature is higher, various indentations and patterns appear on the surface of the tempered glass, and account for about 80 percent of the defective rate; when the preheating temperature is lower, the bursting rate of the secondary tempered glass is higher and accounts for 70-80% of the reject ratio.
Compared with the examples 1-5, the bending stress resistance and the product shrinkage rate of the comparative examples 3-4 are poorer, and the bending stress resistance of the glass after being re-strengthened is about 400MPa and can not reach the use requirement of 650 MPa.
While particular embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it would be obvious that various other changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of this invention.

Claims (5)

1. A method of reducing stress in strengthened glass, comprising the steps of:
A) preheating: preheating the lithium silicate strengthened glass at the temperature of 300-330 ℃ for 2.5-3.5 h;
B) ion exchange: placing the preheated reinforced glass in mixed molten salt of sodium nitrate and lithium nitrate, carrying out ion exchange at the temperature of 390-420 ℃ for 30-90min,
in the mixed molten salt, the weight percentage of the sodium nitrate is 71-79%, and the weight percentage of the lithium nitrate is 21-29%.
2. The method of reducing the stress of strengthened glass according to claim 1, wherein the mixed molten salt comprises 72-78 wt% of sodium nitrate and 22-28 wt% of lithium nitrate.
3. The method for reducing the stress of strengthened glass according to claim 1, wherein the mixed molten salt comprises 74-77 wt% of sodium nitrate and 23-26 wt% of lithium nitrate.
4. A recycling method of defective lithium silicate reinforced glass, which is characterized in that the defective lithium silicate reinforced glass is treated by the method of any one of claims 1 to 3 to reduce or eliminate the stress in the lithium silicate reinforced glass, and then secondary processing is carried out to obtain recycled glass.
5. The recycling method according to claim 4, wherein the secondary processing comprises cutting or strengthening treatment.
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CN111393039A (en) * 2020-03-25 2020-07-10 东莞市晶博光电有限公司 Glass strengthening method, strengthened glass and glass for touch screen
CN114853363A (en) * 2022-05-16 2022-08-05 蓝思科技股份有限公司 Method for reversely strengthening and recovering boron-lithium-aluminosilicate strengthened glass

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