CN109389251A - Total amount of pollutant optimizing distribution method based on control section water quality reaching standard - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of total amount of pollutant optimizing distribution methods based on control section water quality reaching standard, for in existing total pollutant emission allocation, pollution of area source problem is not considered, with point, area source pollutants maximum permissible release is objective function, with control section water quality reaching standard fraction, each pollution source apportionment management requirement and waste treatment project technical parameter are constraint condition, it establishes and considers point, the nonlinear optimization distribution model of face source synergy and control section probability of meeting water quality standard, system, the feasibility of intuitive reflection total amount optimization allocation result, overcome optimizing distribution method existing deficiency in terms of feasibility.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of total amount of pollutant optimizing distribution methods based on control section water quality reaching standard.
Background technique
Total pollutant emission allocation is to distribute regional pollution object allowable emission (environmental capacity of water) according to certain principle
To the process of each generalization sewage draining exit, and the key technique of " contaminant transport model "；Its essence is determine survey region
Interior each pollutant discharging unit utilizes the right and its corresponding reduction task of water environment resource.
The common method of pollutant allowable emission (environmental capacity of water) distribution has proportional allocations method, model of optimizing allocation
Method, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), Gini Coefficient analysis.Wherein proportional allocations method is existing total amount control since its is simple and easy, efficiency is higher
The distribution method being most widely used in tubulation reason, but it has multiple rows of more points the drawbacks of.Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Gini Coefficient analysis are equal
Various influence factors such as economic, society and environmental resource are comprehensively considered, but in index selection and the process of weight assignment
Middle subjectivity is still difficult to avoid that distribution is cumbersome, uncertain higher.Model of optimizing allocation method generallys use linear programming method
It calculates the environmental capacity of water of single river channel and carries out totalizing method, this method is debugged automatically according to constraint condition, by system, precisely
Degree is higher, and foreign applications are relatively more (total maximum daily loads (TMDL) in such as U.S.), and domestic application is not very extensively, to calculate
The acquisition of condition and feasibility problems are to restrict its key factor applied at home.
In addition, Chinese scholar is mostly the distribution principle based on " fairness, benefit, feasibility ", to point-source pollution load
Rationed research is carried out, it is relatively fewer for the distribution research of non-point source pollution loading, or even not examined in most of researchs
Consider.To a certain extent with Point source treating, the specific gravity of basin non-point source pollution loading occupied area domain pollutional load total amount is in rising trend,
Control the Plan Pollution Sources carry out the rationed research of pollutional load of point, face source synergy, it has also become China's quality in watershed is into one
Walk improved key task.
Summary of the invention
Purpose: in order to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a kind of based on control section water quality reaching standard
Total amount of pollutant optimizing distribution method.
Technical solution: in order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention are as follows:
A kind of total amount of pollutant optimizing distribution method based on control section water quality reaching standard characterized by comprising
Enter river discharge amount with pollutant and be up to objective function, regulation water quality objective (control section is met with control section
Probability of meeting water quality standard 90%), each pollution source apportionment management requirement and waste treatment project technical parameter be constraint condition, building considers
The system optimization distribution model of point, face source synergy, solve objective function be it is linear, constraint equation be nonlinear optimization
Problem carries out the regional pollution object allowable emission distribution of a face source synergy.
Preferably, the total amount of pollutant optimizing distribution method based on control section water quality reaching standard, it is special
Sign is, specifically includes:
Objective function:
Constraint condition:
In formula: P { } indicates the probability that event is set up, αfIndicate the requirement of probability of meeting water quality standard, WNS, iIt is not taken over for i-th
Cities and towns and life in the countryside face source,For its current value,Respectively the upper limit of its pollutant fluxes coefficient and under
Limit, αiFor its corresponding control section response coefficient；WNN, jFor j-th of agricultural area source,For its current value,The respectively upper limit and lower limit of its pollutant fluxes coefficient, βjFor its corresponding control section response coefficient；
WPW, kFor k-th of sewage treatment plant's point source,For its current value,Respectively its pollutant fluxes coefficient
The upper limit and lower limit, δkFor its corresponding control section response coefficient；WPP, lFor first of in line point source of industry,It is existing for it
Shape value,For the upper limit of its pollutant fluxes coefficient, γlFor its corresponding control section response coefficient；
Formula (1) indicates that pollutants discharged into rivers discharge amount maximum value, formula (2) indicate that control section guarantee water quality rate is up to standard, formula (3)
It is the bound constraint condition of decision variable to formula (6)；WNS, i、WNN, j、WPW, k、WPP, lFor decision variable, αi、βj、δk、γl、CBFor known constant, CSFor known constant；
After above-mentioned Optimized model is generally changed, formulation is as follows:
Objective function:
Constraint condition:
Ximin≤Xi≤Ximax (9)
In formula: P { } indicates the probability that event is set up, αfIndicate the requirement of probability of meeting water quality standard, XiFor decision variable, i-th is indicated
A pollution sources enter river amount, αiFor response coefficient, influence size of i-th of pollution sources to control section, C are indicatedSFor constraint control
The Water-quality control concentration standard value of section, CBConcentration is responded for control section upland water；αi、Ximin、Ximax、CS、CBIt is known
Constant；
Formula (7) to (9) is the solution of linear objective function Nonlinear Constraints problem, is solved, is obtained using genetic algorithm
To the permissible value of decision variable；According to the permissible value of decision variable, carrying out a regional pollution object for face source synergy allows to arrange
High-volume distribute.
Preferably, the total amount of pollutant optimizing distribution method based on control section water quality reaching standard, it is special
Sign is, decision variable upper and lower limit setting principle:
(1) according to present situation of pollutant scources discharge characteristics, economical, society, environment sustainable development demand are considered, with reference to rows at different levels
Political VIP asks, and sets decision variable upper limit value；
(2) horizontal in conjunction with existing pollution control according to present situation of pollutant scources discharge characteristics, determine that pollution source technology can be cut down
Limit value sets decision variable lower limit value.
Specific value is according to as follows:
WNS, iFor the cities and towns that do not take over and life in the countryside face source, (dispersion is such as taken over or builds according to the quasi- measure taken
Formula sewage treatment facility) determine the treatment effeciency upper limit Value is
It is required according to pollution control management, determines that survey region cities and towns (rural area) wastewater reuse approach rate must reach
The upper limit(i.e. control management requires limit value),Value is
WNN, jFor agricultural area source, the quasi- measure removal rate upper limit taken is Value is
Management is controlled according to associated contamination to require, and the management of the pollutant fluxes of agricultural area source is required to reach
The upper limit Value is
WPW, kFor sewage treatment plant's point source, the quasi- measure treatment effeciency upper limit taken is Value is
It controls management according to associated contamination to require, sewage treatment plant's point source must reach removal efficiency and be Value is
WPP, lFor the in line point source of industry, management is controlled according to associated contamination and is required, industrial point source must reach removal effect
Rate is Value is
Preferably, the total amount of pollutant optimizing distribution method based on control section water quality reaching standard, it is special
Sign is, the requirement α of probability of meeting water quality standardfValue is 90%.
Further, the total amount of pollutant optimizing distribution method based on control section water quality reaching standard, feature exist
In genetic algorithmic steps are as follows:
1) operating parameter is set
The parameter that genetic algorithm is related to includes: population scale M, mutation probability PM, crossover probability PC, evolutionary generation T etc., ginseng
Several different values will have a direct impact on the performance of algorithm, it is therefore desirable to repeatedly be debugged and be chosen more afterwards preferably value；
2) initial population is generated
Several body is randomly selected, to guarantee that all individuals are all feasible solutions in population, are needed according to constraint condition to it
Judged；And the difficult point of this paper model solution is the complexity of constraint condition；It (was originally first that binary system is compiled to individual decoding
Code), the X value of corresponding decision variable is found out, based on established each pollution sources and control section response relation, calculates control section
Pollutant concentration and control section probability of meeting water quality standard, if meeting constraint condition, then it is assumed that individual is feasible, and as initial
The member of population；Otherwise individual is regenerated；So circulation is until individual amount reaches population scale；
3) fitness and selection mode
According to the principle of " survival of the fittest in natural selection, the survival of the fittest ", by the high individual inheritance of fitness to the next generation；Generally use mesh
Offer of tender numerical value is as individual adaptation degree；
4) intersect
In genetic algorithm, intersect mainly for generation of new individual, the object of operation change be decision variable two into
System coding, rather than decision variable itself；Randomly individual is selected and matched according to certain mode first, then according to one
Fixed interleaved mode determines cross-point locations and exchanges portion gene, to embody the thought of information exchange；
Since the new individual obtained after intersecting is not necessarily feasible solution, carried out using result of the constraint condition to generation
It examines, if being unsatisfactory for condition, re-starts crossover operation, until meeting constraint condition or crossover operation number reaches limits value
Until；
5) it makes a variation
The object of variation is equally the binary coding of decision variable, and variation herein only needs individual on change point
Value negates, i.e., 0, which becomes 1,1, becomes 0；Variation is the major way for generating new individual, but the new individual after variation is also required to
It is tested using constraint condition；
6) population of raw a new generation
Individual is chosen from the filial generation that intersection and variation generate as parent, generates population of new generation；Generally choose each generation
In optimum individual be genetic to the next generation, therefore solution to model is just can be obtained into the decoding of the optimum individual in last generation.
The utility model has the advantages that a kind of total amount of pollutant based on control section water quality reaching standard provided by the invention optimizes distribution side
Method does not consider pollution of area source problem in existing total pollutant emission allocation, with point, area source pollutants maximum permissible release
For objective function, joined with control section water quality reaching standard fraction, each pollution source apportionment management requirement and waste treatment project technology
Number is constraint condition, establishes the nonlinear optimization distribution model for considering point, face source synergy and control section probability of meeting water quality standard,
The feasibility of system, intuitive reflection total amount optimization allocation result, it is existing in terms of feasibility to overcome optimizing distribution method
It is insufficient.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the method for the present invention；
Fig. 2 is control section COD concentration curve；
Fig. 3 is control section ammonia nitrogen concentration curve；
Fig. 4 is control section total phosphorus concentration curve.
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further explained combined with specific embodiments below.
As shown in Figure 1, being a kind of total amount of pollutant optimizing distribution method flow chart based on control section water quality reaching standard.
Embodiment:
One, survey region overview
Positioned at Jiangsu Province's Yixing City western Mountain-spring lake water system, it is located in the west in Taihu Lake, the south in Gehu lake belongs to Taihu Lake basin Nanxi water system,
For typical Tidal River Networks.Watershed includes a plurality of rivers such as Nanxi river, Bei Xihe, postal virtue river.Its Chinese and Western Mountain-spring bridge section is
Water system quality of water environment examination represents section, and water quality objective is III class of surface water.
Two, consider that the network of waterways hydrodynamic model of Rainfall-runoff is established
(1) boundary condition carries out frequency analysis according to the long serial annual rainfall data in basin, chooses and 90% fraction phase
Matched 2000 are design low water Typical Year, extract water level or flow-time change procedure by Taihu Lake Basin Dynamic Boundary
As boundary condition, totally 13 flow boundaries, 4 water level boundaries.River process is entered for Rainfall-runoff, spatially positional relationship is known
The corresponding relationship of other land-based area unit and the section that becomes a mandarin calculates each unit runoff yield further according to runoff coefficient, finally temporally distributes
Ratio-dependent land-based area produces the time assigning process for flowing into river, realizes that land-based area produces stream and couples with the time and space of concentration of river network.
(2) parameter value and water model, which are verified, determines channel roughness referring to this area's historic survey achievement, suitable using western Mountain-spring
Emerging (west) water-level observation data day by day of standing is verified, and comparison display water level calculated value and measured value coincide very well, mean error
0.03m。
Three, the water quality model of river network based on the face river Yuan Ru time change is established
(1) boundary condition is given to become a mandarin according to the corresponding water quality objective of boundary adjacent upstream water body water function area dividing that becomes a mandarin
Section concentration time-varying process uses second kind boundary condition for Outlet boundary.
(2) point source, face source generally change survey region and share 10 point source sewage draining exits, set by the position Pai Kou and calculate sub- section
Corresponding relationship.Joining unit and river corresponding relationship are produced with above-mentioned land-based area, identification land-based area unit produces dirty pair with the section that becomes a mandarin
It should be related to, further according to time Rainfall-runoff area source pollutants concentration change procedure development test empirical value, determine that land-based area produces dirt and enters
The time assigning process in river, realize that land-based area face source produces dirty load and when river pollution object transports, empty Dynamic Coupling.
(3) parameter value and model, which are verified, determines contaminant degradation coefficient, pollutant according to the region related research result
The water quality parameters such as the coefficient of dispersion.It is verified using western Mountain-spring bridge section water monitoring data, water quality calculated value and measured value pair
Than as a result, western Mountain-spring bridge section water quality calculated value and measured value coincide well, COD average relative error 13.5%, ammonia nitrogen is average
Relative error 16.8%.
Four, the total amount of pollutant model of optimizing allocation based on control section water quality reaching standard is established
Objective function:
Constraint condition:
Decision variable bound constraint condition value:
The quasi- measure taken is adapter tube or builds decentralized type sewage treatment facility, and handling rate is up to 90% or more, accordinglyValue is 10%；
It controls management according to associated contamination to require, survey region cities and towns (rural area) wastewater reuse approach rate must reach
60% or more, thereforeValue is 40%.
The quasi- measure taken is implements chemical fertilizer, pesticide subtracts and applies or Replacing engineering, promotes high standard farmland and agriculture face
Source of nitrogen and phosphorus intercepting system engineering construction, the facilities such as construction ecological canal, the sewage purification pool, rainwash collection reservoir, purifies farmland
Draining and rainwash, pollutants removal rate is up to 80% or more, accordinglyValue is 20%.
To the pollutant fluxes of agricultural area source, pollution-free control management is required at present, thereforeValue is
100%.
The quasi- measure taken proposes mark transformation to accelerate urban wastewater treatment firm, using the side such as MBR film
Method, by COD, total phosphorus, three indexs of ammonia nitrogen are promoted to IV class water quality standard, and meeting State Council, " State Council is basic about city is reinforced
The opinion of Facilities Construction " " ensure that effluent of municipal sewage plant reaches the new environment protection emission of country in (promulgated by the State Council [2013] 36)
It is required that or IV class standard of surface water " requirement, pollutants removal rate can be improved 40% or more；Multipath benefit is carried out to tail water simultaneously
With being widely used in industrial water, greening, environmental sanitation, ecological water supplement etc., Treated sewage reusing rate can reach 20%, effectively save water resource；
AccordinglyValue is respectively 60%, 80%.
The quasi- measure taken is enterprise's adapter tube in Industrial Zone, and printing and dyeing enterprise proposes mark transformation, increases Treated sewage reusing
Dynamics, reduction rate must reach 20% or more, thereforeValue is 80%.
Method for solving: it is solved using genetic algorithm, αi、βj、δk、γl、CBAnd CSFor
Known constant.
Five, total pollutant emission allocation result
Using the system optimization distribution model for considering point, face source synergy and control section water quality reaching standard, to research
Region COD, ammonia nitrogen, the total phosphorus total amount of pollutant, that is, environmental capacity of water are allocated, and see Table 1 for details for allocation result.
COD industry point source and sewage treatment plant's point source reduction rate are 20%, and life face source reduction rate is 60%, agricultural area source
Reduction rate 0.Ammonia nitrogen industry point source and sewage treatment plant's point source reduction rate are 20%, and life face source reduction rate is 60%, agriculture face
Source reduction rate range 52%-68%.Total phosphorus industry point source reduction rate is 20%, and sewage treatment plant's reduction rate reaches the upper limit and is
40%, life face source reduction rate reaches the upper limit 90%, agricultural area source reduction rate range 57%-76%.
Since using each pollution source apportionment management requirement and waste treatment project technical parameter as constraint condition, total amount optimization divides
Feasibility and operability are more managed with result.
1 COD of table, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus total pollutant emission allocation result
Six, non-point source participates in lower regional pollution object total amount optimization distribution analysis on its rationality
Regional pollution object total amount of being analyzed and researched by analysis site, face source reduction potential and control section probability of meeting water quality standard is excellent
Change the reasonability of allocation result.
6.1 points, the analysis of face source reduction potential
To ensure that control section water quality reaches III class water quality objective, intends emphasis for survey region point, pollution of area source and implement
Industrial enterprise's waste water disposal facility mentions the mark project of upgrading and rebuilding, sewage and receives plumber's journey, Treated sewage reusing engineering；Sewage treatment plant tail water
Advanced treating engineering, cities and towns, country sewage pipe network and pumping plant construction project；Implement chemical fertilizer, pesticide and subtract to apply or Replacing engineering, promote
High standard farmland and agricultural area source nitrogen phosphorus intercepting system engineering construction, construction ecological canal, the sewage purification pool, rainwash harvest
The facilities such as pond purify agricultural drain and rainwash.According to " Jiangsu Province " 13 " main water pollutant total amount emission reduction accounting is done
Method " in the method recommended, the reduction of each pollutant in Study on Accounting region, COD 2886.93t/a, ammonia nitrogen 439.26t/
A, total phosphorus 81.81t/a, reduction rate can respectively reach COD 73%, and ammonia nitrogen 74%, total phosphorus 75%, each generalization sewage draining exit is cut down latent
See Table 2 for details for power, meets each generalization pollution sources and cuts down index request.
Each generalization sewage draining exit reduction potential of table 2
The feasibility analysis of 6.2 totalizing methods
By each generalization sewage draining exit maximum permissible release input model, by analyzing the control under discharge quantity discharge
Section probability of meeting water quality standard carrys out the reasonability of checking research regional pollution object total amount optimization allocation result.
Model prediction the result shows that, the annual number of days up to standard of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus is respectively 330 days, 334 days, 332 days,
Control section probability of meeting water quality standard is respectively 90.4%, 91.5%, 91%, and control section COD, ammonia nitrogen and total phosphorus concentration value are annual
III class water quality objective may be implemented in the case of 90%, as a result as shown in Figures 2 to 4.
To sum up, the survey region total amount of pollutant optimizes allocation result reasonable.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that: for the ordinary skill people of the art
For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered
It is considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of total amount of pollutant optimizing distribution method based on control section water quality reaching standard characterized by comprising
Enter river discharge amount with pollutant and be up to objective function, regulation water quality objective, each pollution source apportionment are met with control section
Management requires and waste treatment project technical parameter is constraint condition, and building considers the system optimization of point, face source synergy
Distribution model, solve objective function be it is linear, constraint equation be nonlinear optimization problem, carry out an area for face source synergy
The distribution of domain pollutant allowable emission.
2. the total amount of pollutant optimizing distribution method according to claim 1 based on control section water quality reaching standard, feature
It is, specifically includes:
Objective function:
Constraint condition:
In formula: P { } indicates the probability that event is set up, αfIndicate the requirement of probability of meeting water quality standard, WNS, iThe cities and towns that do not taken over for i-th
And life in the countryside face source,For its current value,The respectively upper limit and lower limit of its pollutant fluxes coefficient,
αiFor its corresponding control section response coefficient；WNN, jFor j-th of agricultural area source,For its current value,
The respectively upper limit and lower limit of its pollutant fluxes coefficient, βjFor its corresponding control section response coefficient；WPW, kFor k-th of dirt
Water treatment plant's point source,For its current value,The respectively upper limit and lower limit of its pollutant fluxes coefficient,
δkFor its corresponding control section response coefficient；WPP, lFor first of in line point source of industry,For its current value,For it
The upper limit of pollutant fluxes coefficient, γlFor its corresponding control section response coefficient；
Formula (1) indicates that pollutants discharged into rivers discharge amount maximum value, formula (2) indicate that control section guarantee water quality rate is up to standard, formula (3) to formula
It (6) is the bound constraint condition of decision variable；WNS, i、WNN, j、WPW, k、WPP, lFor decision variable, αi、βj、δk、γl、CBFor known constant, CSFor known constant；
After above-mentioned Optimized model is generally changed, formulation is as follows:
Objective function:
Constraint condition:
Ximin≤Xi≤Ximax (9)
In formula: P { } indicates the probability that event is set up, αfIndicate the requirement of probability of meeting water quality standard, XiFor decision variable, i-th of dirt is indicated
Dye source enters river amount, αiFor response coefficient, influence size of i-th of pollution sources to control section, C are indicatedsTo constrain control section
Water-quality control concentration standard value, CBConcentration is responded for control section upland water；αi、Ximin、Ximax、CS、CBFor known constant；
Formula (7) to (9) is the solution of linear objective function Nonlinear Constraints problem, is solved, is determined using genetic algorithm
The permissible value of plan variable；
According to the permissible value of decision variable, the regional pollution object allowable emission distribution of a face source synergy is carried out.
3. the total amount of pollutant optimizing distribution method according to claim 2 based on control section water quality reaching standard, feature
It is, decision variable upper and lower limit setting principle:
(1) according to present situation of pollutant scources discharge characteristics, consider economical, society, environment sustainable development demand, wanted with reference to administration at different levels
It asks, sets decision variable upper limit value；
(2) horizontal in conjunction with existing pollution control according to present situation of pollutant scources discharge characteristics, determine that pollution source technology can cut down the upper limit
Value sets decision variable lower limit value.
4. the total amount of pollutant optimizing distribution method according to claim 3 based on control section water quality reaching standard, feature
It is:
WNS, iFor the cities and towns that do not take over and life in the countryside face source, the treatment effeciency upper limit is determined according to the quasi- measure taken Value is
It is required according to pollution control management, determines that survey region cities and towns/country sewage centralized treatment rate must reach the upper limitThat is control management requires limit value,Value is
5. the total amount of pollutant optimizing distribution method according to claim 3 based on control section water quality reaching standard, feature
It is:
WNN, jFor agricultural area source, the quasi- measure removal rate upper limit taken is Value is
Management is controlled according to associated contamination to require, and the management of the pollutant fluxes of agricultural area source is required that the upper limit must be reached Value is
6. the total amount of pollutant optimizing distribution method according to claim 3 based on control section water quality reaching standard, feature
It is:
WPW, kFor sewage treatment plant's point source, the quasi- measure treatment effeciency upper limit taken is Value is
It controls management according to associated contamination to require, sewage treatment plant's point source must reach removal efficiency and be It takes
Value is
7. the total amount of pollutant optimizing distribution method according to claim 3 based on control section water quality reaching standard, feature
It is:
WPP, lFor the in line point source of industry, management is controlled according to associated contamination and is required, industrial point source must reach removal efficiency and be Value is
8. the total amount of pollutant optimizing distribution method according to claim 2 based on control section water quality reaching standard, feature
It is, the requirement α of probability of meeting water quality standardfValue is 90%.
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