CN109386239B - Drill tooth and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Drill tooth and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109386239B CN109386239B CN201710665323.6A CN201710665323A CN109386239B CN 109386239 B CN109386239 B CN 109386239B CN 201710665323 A CN201710665323 A CN 201710665323A CN 109386239 B CN109386239 B CN 109386239B
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- tooth
- cutting
- cutting tooth
- teeth
- auxiliary
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B10/00—Drill bits
- E21B10/46—Drill bits characterised by wear resisting parts, e.g. diamond inserts
- E21B10/56—Button-type inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
Abstract
The invention provides a drill tooth and a manufacturing method thereof, belonging to the field of petroleum and natural gas. The drill tooth comprises a main cutting tooth, an auxiliary cutting tooth and a protective tooth; at least one groove is arranged in the main cutting tooth, and an auxiliary cutting tooth is embedded in each groove; a groove is arranged in each auxiliary cutting tooth, and a protective tooth is embedded in each groove; the end surface of the guard tooth is lower than the end surface of the secondary cutting tooth but higher than the end surface of the primary cutting tooth. According to the invention, DOC is controlled by the auxiliary cutting teeth, so that the performance of the drill bit is optimized, meanwhile, in order to improve the reliability of the auxiliary cutting teeth, the protection teeth are arranged in the auxiliary cutting teeth, so that the reliability of the auxiliary cutting teeth is improved, and meanwhile, the auxiliary cutting teeth can be used as a secondary DOC control structure according to an eccentric design. Meanwhile, the N auxiliary cutting teeth can firstly destroy the stratum, so that the main cutting teeth can more easily drill the stratum, and the drilling speed is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of petroleum and natural gas drilling, and particularly relates to a drill tooth and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
During drilling, the drill bit needs to drill through different strata, when the lithology of the strata changes, the drilling rate ROP (rate of drilling) changes, which easily causes stick-slip vibration of the drill bit, even causes failure of the drill bit and a BHA (bottom Hole Assembly) component in the well, and leads to increased drilling cost and reduced efficiency caused by complex accidents at the bottom of the well. Typically, ROP is achieved by controlling weight On bit wob (weight On bit) and rotational speed rpm (fluctuations Per minute), i.e., hook load, drill string rotation, and/or downhole motor speed, respectively, but these controls have some hysteresis with respect to the downhole bit.
With the rapid development of PDC bit technology, in order to avoid bit whirl damage caused in a lower weight-on-bit and higher rotation speed range, a parameter combination of a higher weight-on-bit and a lower rotation speed is gradually used to improve drilling performance, but it is difficult to avoid torsional instability caused in a higher WOB and lower RPM, which causes stick-slip vibration. After the DOC (depth of cut) control technology is introduced from the beginning of the 21 st century, the torsional vibration of the drill bit can be effectively eliminated, and the DOC (depth of cut) control technology becomes a milestone in the development history of the PDC technology. It expands the range of applications for PDC bits, but in some cases also limits the cutting capabilities of the bit.
At present, 2016 Beckhols corporation introduced a self-adaptive PDC drill bit, which can automatically adjust the DOC characteristics along with the continuously changing drilling environment, can slow down stick-slip vibration under the condition of improving ROP, overcomes the limitation of the traditional DOC control technology of fixed teeth, does not need fixed cutting depth control pre-design, avoids excessive meshing of teeth and strata through the contractibility of an adjustable DOC control unit, thereby preventing the premature failure of the drill bit and the possibility of causing the damage and twist-off of BHA components, and can expand the stable operation area of the drill bit on the premise of maintaining higher ROP. But this technique is less reliable underground.
2016, 19.4.2016, published U.S. patent 9316057B2, to Harrbyton incorporated, discloses a double-tooth cutter in which a guard tooth is concentric or eccentric to a main cutter, has a smaller diameter than the main cutter, and extends a certain length from the main cutter. The purpose of the cutting tooth design is also to control the depth of cut of the cutting tooth. However, the stability of the secondary cutting tooth is not strong in this technique.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solve the above problems of the prior art, and to provide a drill tooth and a method for manufacturing the same, which can improve the reliability of a cutting structure and prolong the life of a drill.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a drill tooth comprising a primary cutting tooth, a secondary cutting tooth and a guard tooth;
at least one groove is arranged in the main cutting tooth, and an auxiliary cutting tooth is embedded in each groove;
a groove is arranged in each auxiliary cutting tooth, and a protective tooth is embedded in each groove;
the end surface of the guard tooth is lower than the end surface of the secondary cutting tooth but higher than the end surface of the primary cutting tooth.
The axis of each secondary cutting tooth is parallel to the axis of the main cutting tooth, and the central connecting line of all the secondary cutting teeth is parallel to the central line of the cross section of the main cutting tooth.
The main cutting tooth is of a cylindrical structure and comprises a main cutting tooth base body and a main cutting tooth cutting surface which are connected into a whole;
the center connecting line of each groove in the main cutting tooth is parallel to the center line of the cross section of the main cutting tooth and is positioned below the center line of the cross section of the main cutting tooth.
The auxiliary cutting teeth are of a cylindrical structure and comprise an auxiliary cutting tooth base body and an auxiliary cutting tooth cutting surface which are connected into a whole;
the axis of the groove in the auxiliary cutting tooth is parallel to the axis of the auxiliary cutting tooth, and the groove and the auxiliary cutting tooth are coaxially arranged or eccentrically arranged.
The protection tooth is of a cylindrical structure and comprises a protection tooth base body and a protection tooth cutting surface which are connected into a whole.
A method of making the drill tooth comprising:
(1) manufacturing a protective tooth;
(2) manufacturing a secondary cutting tooth substrate with a groove by using a mold;
(3) manufacturing a main cutting tooth substrate with a groove by using a mold;
(4) welding the guard teeth into the grooves of the secondary cutting tooth base;
(5) welding the secondary cutting tooth base into the groove of the primary cutting tooth base;
(6) and sintering the end surface of the auxiliary cutting tooth base body to form an auxiliary cutting tooth cutting surface, and sintering the end surface of the main cutting tooth base body to form a main cutting tooth cutting surface.
In the steps (4) and (5), the bottom or the side surface of the protective tooth or the auxiliary cutting tooth base body is covered with the welding flux, and then the protective tooth or the auxiliary cutting tooth base body is welded in the groove in a high-temperature welding mode.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, DOC is controlled by the auxiliary cutting teeth, so that the performance of the drill bit is optimized, meanwhile, in order to improve the reliability of the auxiliary cutting teeth, the protection teeth are arranged in the auxiliary cutting teeth, so that the reliability of the auxiliary cutting teeth is improved, and meanwhile, the auxiliary cutting teeth can be used as a secondary DOC control structure according to an eccentric design. Meanwhile, the N auxiliary cutting teeth can firstly destroy the stratum, so that the main cutting teeth can more easily drill the stratum, and the drilling speed is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a drill tooth according to the present invention
FIG. 2a is a top view of a first embodiment of a tooth of the present invention
FIG. 2b is a top view of a second embodiment of a tooth of the present invention
FIGS. 3 a-1A first secondary cutting tooth construction for a drill tooth according to the invention
FIGS. 3a-2 top plan view of FIG. 3a-1
FIG. 3b-1 shows a second secondary cutting tooth construction for a drill tooth according to the invention
FIG. 3b-2 top view of FIG. 3a-1
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the secondary cutting tooth.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, the present invention is a highly reliable DOC controlled PDC cutter consisting essentially of a secondary cutting structure for controlling DOC, a primary cutting structure for cutting a formation, and an embedded tooth for improving the reliability of the secondary cutting structure.
Specifically, the drill tooth of the invention consists of three parts, namely a main cutting tooth, an auxiliary cutting tooth and a protective tooth.
Main cutting tooth, including main cutting tooth base member 2 and main cutting tooth cutting face 3, leave N columniform recesses of presetting in main cutting tooth, embedded N vice cutting tooth, and N vice cutting tooth axis is parallel with main cutting tooth axis, and the central line of N vice cutting tooth is parallel with the cross section central line of main cutting tooth simultaneously, and the preferred setting is in the latter half that bores the tooth contact stratum, and vice cutting tooth just can play the cutting effect like this.
And the auxiliary cutting tooth comprises an auxiliary cutting tooth base body 5 and an auxiliary cutting tooth cutting surface 4, and a preset cylindrical groove is reserved in the auxiliary cutting tooth and used for protecting the tooth. A guard tooth 1 is embedded in each secondary cutting tooth for improving the reliability of the secondary cutting tooth. If the protection tooth 1 and the auxiliary cutting tooth are designed concentrically, the protection tooth only plays a role of continuing drilling with the protection tooth after the auxiliary cutting tooth is worn, and the service life of the auxiliary cutting tooth is prolonged. If the eccentric design is adopted, the DOC control function of the next level can be simultaneously realized, and meanwhile, the auxiliary cutting teeth are reinforced.
The protection tooth 1 comprises a protection tooth base body 6 and a protection tooth cutting surface 7. A concentric cylindrical slot may be cut in the secondary cutting tooth using laser, electronic discharge, milling, etc., and then the guard tooth may be inserted.
The length of the secondary cutter is designed according to the formation geometry being drilled, so that the depth of cut (DOC) of the primary cutter is the desired depth of control before the secondary cutter contacts the formation. When the auxiliary cutting teeth contact the stratum, the auxiliary cutting teeth also start to cut the stratum, the distribution distance of the cutting teeth is reasonably designed, and the integrity of the stratum can be damaged before the main cutting teeth cut the stratum, so that the main cutting teeth are assisted to cut the stratum, and the mechanical drilling speed is improved.
Meanwhile, in order to avoid the over-fast abrasion of the auxiliary cutting teeth, the protective teeth are embedded in the auxiliary cutting teeth, and after the auxiliary cutting teeth are abraded to a certain degree, the protective teeth are exposed and continue to drill into the stratum, so that the service life of the drill bit is prolonged. If the protective teeth and the secondary cutting teeth are designed eccentrically, and the protective teeth are directly and partially exposed out of the primary cutting teeth, the DOC control device can be used as a secondary DOC control device, and damage of the stratum to the secondary cutting teeth is reduced. The shape of the cutting surface of the drill tooth can be any shape such as a cone, a ridge and the like. The end surface of the guard tooth is higher than the end surface of the primary cutting tooth but lower than the end surface of the secondary cutting tooth when viewed in axial cross section, in order to control the biting depth of the secondary cutting tooth and thereby protect the secondary cutting tooth.
In the specific manufacturing process, the three teeth can be designed by adopting the same material, and can also be specially designed. The cutting surface material can be selected from tungsten carbide, silicon carbide, boron carbide, diamond, boron nitride carbide polycrystal hard alloy and other materials; other carbonized materials may be selected for the matrix material. With a layer of solder-like material, e.g. WC-C, on the bottom or sides of the teethoEtc. and then soldered into the grooves at high temperature.
The detailed process of drilling the stratum by the drilling tooth comprises the following steps:
as shown in fig. 1, during drilling, the drill teeth first contact the formation, and after the main cutting surfaces of the drill teeth bite into the formation for a certain depth, the auxiliary cutting surfaces bite into the formation according to the DOC designed by the drill teeth, so as to limit the main cutting surfaces from further biting into the formation, reduce the risk of stick-slip, and avoid the risk of drill bit sticking and whirling. Because the secondary cutting face is susceptible to wear, guard teeth are provided in the secondary cutting tooth base.
As shown in fig. 2a and fig. 2b, N auxiliary cutting teeth are respectively arranged on the main cutting teeth, and after the formation is cut by the N auxiliary cutting faces, the integrity of the formation is firstly destroyed, and the stress of the formation is reduced, so that the efficiency of the main cutting teeth cutting the formation is improved, and the mechanical drilling rate of the drill bit is improved.
The secondary cutting tooth and guard tooth are configured as shown in fig. 3a-1 to 3a-2, and wear occurs after a period of time as the secondary cutting tooth contacts the earth formation, as shown in fig. 4, the guard tooth is exposed, the guard tooth cutting face contacts the earth formation, drilling is assisted, and the life of the secondary cutting tooth is extended.
The protection teeth may also be designed to be eccentric to the secondary cutting teeth, as shown in fig. 3b-1 and 3b-2, before the primary cutting teeth reach the DOC and the secondary cutting teeth do not contact the formation, the protection teeth first contact the ground, and DOC control of the primary cutting teeth is performed in stages, so that during drilling, the primary cutting teeth are further protected, and meanwhile, the wear of the secondary cutting teeth is reduced, the rate of penetration is further increased, and the drilling efficiency is improved.
According to the DOC control principle, the auxiliary cutting teeth are arranged on the main cutting teeth to control the cutting depth of the drilling teeth, so that stick-slip is reduced, and the convolution of the drill bit is improved. Meanwhile, the auxiliary cutting teeth are protected, the service life of the drilling teeth is prolonged, and after the auxiliary cutting teeth are worn, the protection teeth are exposed and continue to drill, so that the mechanical drilling speed is increased.
The above-described embodiment is only one embodiment of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be easily made based on the application and principle of the present invention disclosed in the present application, and the present invention is not limited to the method described in the above-described embodiment of the present invention, so that the above-described embodiment is only preferred, and not restrictive.
Claims (7)
1. A drill tooth, characterized by: the drill teeth comprise main cutting teeth, auxiliary cutting teeth and protective teeth;
grooves are formed in the main cutting teeth, and an auxiliary cutting tooth is embedded in each groove;
a groove is arranged in each auxiliary cutting tooth, and a protective tooth is embedded in each groove;
on the axial section, the end surface of the protection tooth is lower than the end surface of the auxiliary cutting tooth, and the end surface of the auxiliary cutting tooth is lower than the end surface of the main cutting tooth;
the central connecting line of each groove in the main cutting tooth is parallel to the central line of the cross section of the main cutting tooth and is positioned below the central line of the cross section of the main cutting tooth;
the axis of the groove in the auxiliary cutting tooth is parallel to the axis of the auxiliary cutting tooth, and the groove in the auxiliary cutting tooth and the auxiliary cutting tooth are eccentrically arranged.
2. The drill tooth of claim 1, wherein: the axis of each secondary cutting tooth is parallel to the axis of the main cutting tooth, and the central connecting line of all the secondary cutting teeth is parallel to the central line of the cross section of the main cutting tooth.
3. The drill tooth of claim 2, wherein: the main cutting tooth is of a cylindrical structure and comprises a main cutting tooth base body and a main cutting tooth cutting surface which are connected into a whole.
4. The drill tooth as recited in claim 3, wherein: the auxiliary cutting teeth are of a cylindrical structure and comprise an auxiliary cutting tooth base body and an auxiliary cutting tooth cutting surface which are connected into a whole.
5. The drill tooth as recited in claim 4, wherein: the protection tooth is of a cylindrical structure and comprises a protection tooth base body and a protection tooth cutting surface which are connected into a whole.
6. A method of manufacturing a tooth as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a protective tooth;
(2) manufacturing a secondary cutting tooth substrate with a groove by using a mold;
(3) manufacturing a main cutting tooth substrate with a groove by using a mold;
(4) welding the guard teeth into the grooves of the secondary cutting tooth base;
(5) welding the secondary cutting tooth base into the groove of the primary cutting tooth base;
(6) and sintering the end surface of the auxiliary cutting tooth base body to form an auxiliary cutting tooth cutting surface, and sintering the end surface of the main cutting tooth base body to form a main cutting tooth cutting surface.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein: in the steps (4) and (5), the bottom or the side surface of the protective tooth or the auxiliary cutting tooth base body is covered with the welding flux, and then the protective tooth or the auxiliary cutting tooth base body is welded in the groove in a high-temperature welding mode.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710665323.6A CN109386239B (en) | 2017-08-07 | 2017-08-07 | Drill tooth and manufacturing method thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710665323.6A CN109386239B (en) | 2017-08-07 | 2017-08-07 | Drill tooth and manufacturing method thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109386239A CN109386239A (en) | 2019-02-26 |
| CN109386239B true CN109386239B (en) | 2021-04-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710665323.6A Active CN109386239B (en) | 2017-08-07 | 2017-08-07 | Drill tooth and manufacturing method thereof |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1159846A (en) * | 1994-10-12 | 1997-09-17 | 桑德维克公司 | Rock drill bit and cutting inserts |
| CN202810669U (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-03-20 | 广州市天凿精机机械有限公司 | Rock drill spherical gear |
| WO2014155055A2 (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-10-02 | Nov Downhole Eurasia Limited | Cutting element |
| CN105378212A (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2016-03-02 | 哈利伯顿能源服务公司 | Improved cutters for drill bits |
| US9316057B2 (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2016-04-19 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Rotary drill bits with protected cutting elements and methods |
-
2017
- 2017-08-07 CN CN201710665323.6A patent/CN109386239B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1159846A (en) * | 1994-10-12 | 1997-09-17 | 桑德维克公司 | Rock drill bit and cutting inserts |
| US9316057B2 (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2016-04-19 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Rotary drill bits with protected cutting elements and methods |
| CN202810669U (en) * | 2012-09-27 | 2013-03-20 | 广州市天凿精机机械有限公司 | Rock drill spherical gear |
| WO2014155055A2 (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2014-10-02 | Nov Downhole Eurasia Limited | Cutting element |
| CN105378212A (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2016-03-02 | 哈利伯顿能源服务公司 | Improved cutters for drill bits |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN109386239A (en) | 2019-02-26 |
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