CN109385653A - It is zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose a kind of and its preparation method and application - Google Patents
It is zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose a kind of and its preparation method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN109385653A CN109385653A CN201811213630.1A CN201811213630A CN109385653A CN 109385653 A CN109385653 A CN 109385653A CN 201811213630 A CN201811213630 A CN 201811213630A CN 109385653 A CN109385653 A CN 109385653A
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- zinc
- watersoluble closed
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose.In parts by weight, which includes: 10-30 parts of acrylic resin, 0.1-0.4 parts of polysulfur silane, 0.1-0.4 parts of amino silane, 0.05-0.4 parts of surfactant, 0-6 parts of ethyl alcohol, 0.1-0.4 parts of hole sealing agent, 0-20 parts of water；Wherein, second alcohol and water is not 0 simultaneously.The present invention also provides above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of preparation method and the above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of applications as the sealer in zinc-plated Seal treatment.Obtained zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of the present invention can be combined by force with coating, wear-resisting, corrosion resistance is strong, and preparation method is simple to operation, and green non-poisonous.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of one kind and its preparation method and application, belong to field of material technology.
Background technique
Currently, the property loss as caused by corrosion has accounted for 1.5% or more of gross national product, wherein steel
Corrosion not only causes a large amount of wastes of material, and more serious person also will cause the failures such as the run, drip, leak of equipment, to cause
The accidents such as fire, explosion.
For zinc as anodic coating, corrosion resistance is poor, is easy to change colour due to oxidation, so Passivation Treatment need to be first carried out,
To enhance its corrosion resistance；However, it is far from being enough for being only passivated processing, it is necessary to again to the higher product of performance requirement
Carry out Seal treatment after passivation to improve the corrosion resistance and dicoration of product.
In the prior art, the zinc-plated sealer for carrying out the mainstream of Seal treatment in the market is divided into solvent type sealer and aqueous
Sealer.Solvent type sealer and binding force of cladding material are bad, and organic solvent is volatile, toxic what is more, do not meet RoHS and refer to
It enables and requiring；And although watersoluble closed dose is free of poisonous and harmful substance, cracky, wearability is slightly worse.
Summary of the invention
In view of the problems of the above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose and its systems
Preparation Method and application, obtained zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose can be combined by force with coating, wear-resisting.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved by the following technical programs:
A kind of zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose, in parts by weight, which includes:
Wherein, second alcohol and water is not 0 simultaneously.
In above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose, it is preferred that in parts by weight, zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of the raw material components packet
It includes:
In above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose, it is preferred that the acrylic resin is water soluble acrylic resin.This field is normal
The water soluble acrylic resin of rule can select.
In above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose, it is preferred that the sulfuric silane includes γ-mercaptopropyl trimethoxysilane, γ-
Mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, γ-mercapto hydroxypropyl methyl dimethoxysilane, γ-mercapto hydroxypropyl methyl diethoxy silane and γ-sulphur
The combination of one or more of cyanopropyl triethoxysilane.
In above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose, it is preferred that the amino silane includes gamma-aminopropyl-triethoxy-silane, N-
One of (β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and N- normal-butyl-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane are several
The combination of kind.
In above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose, it is preferred that the surfactant includes anionic surfactant and/or non-
Ionic surface active agent.
In above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose, it is preferred that the anionic surfactant includes dodecyl sodium sulfate, ten
One or both of sodium dialkyl sulfate, neopelex and disodium 4-dodecyl-2,4 '-oxydibenzenesulfonate.
In above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose, it is preferred that the nonionic surfactant includes polyoxethylene octylphenyl phenol
Ether -10.
In above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose, it is preferred that the hole sealing agent includes in prodan, potassium fluosilicate and fluosilicic acid
One or two.
The present invention also provides above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of preparation methods, include the following steps:
Polysulfur silane, amino silane and surfactant are mixed with ethyl alcohol and/or water, obtain the first mixed liquor；
First mixed liquor is heated to 75 ± 5 DEG C, under stirring, acrylic resin is added, persistently stirs and keeps the temperature
4-7h is then cooled to room temperature, and obtains A agent；
Using hole sealing agent as B agent；Complete zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of preparation.
In above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose, according to specific embodiment, which can be with
Extension is divided into the raw material components of A agent and the raw material components of B agent, but its practical raw material composition is consistent with without separating into A, B agent；With
Parts by weight meter, the raw material components of A agent may include 10-30 parts of acrylic resin, and 0.1-0.4 parts of polysulfur silane, amino silane 0.1-
0.4 part, 0.05-0.4 parts of surfactant, 0-6 parts of ethyl alcohol, 0-20 parts of water, second alcohol and water is not 0 simultaneously；The raw material components of B agent
It may include 0.1-0.4 parts of hole sealing agent.
Likewise, in above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose, according to specific embodiment, it is preferred that this zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose
Raw material components can extend the raw material components of the raw material components for being divided into A agent and B agent, but its practical raw material constitutes with not distinguishing and is
It is consistent；In parts by weight, the raw material components of A agent may include 15-25 parts of acrylic resin, and 0.1-0.2 parts of polysulfur silane, amino
0.05-0.15 parts of silane, 0.1-0.3 parts of surfactant, 4-5 parts of ethyl alcohol；The raw material components of B agent may include hole sealing agent 0.2-
0.3 part.
The present invention also provides zinc-plated watersoluble closed doses that above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of preparation method obtains comprising
A agent and B agent；
When in use, it is mixed after A dilution agent with B agent；
When storage, A, B agent are separated.
In above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose, according to specific embodiment, it is divided into A, B agent and is conducive to adjustment closing effect later
The loss situation of fruit, A, B agent when being conducive to according to closing is added respectively；It, can without all components of integral replacing
Realize continuous application.
The present invention also provides the above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of applications as the sealer in zinc-plated Seal treatment.
Of the invention above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose is full water-based system, without any volatility and poisonous and harmful organic molten
Agent, it is green, safe and environment-friendly；The amino silane and the sulfenyl silane is added, not only increases the binding force with zinc coat,
And the compactness of film layer is increased, significantly improve the corrosion resistance of workpiece；Film layer is transparent, flat and smooth, does not influence metal light
Damp degree and passivation layer color.Of the invention above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose is stronger in conjunction with galvanized part, so wearability is stronger.
Protrusion effect of the invention are as follows:
Obtained zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of the present invention can be combined by force with coating, wear-resisting, corrosion resistance is strong, preparation method
It is simple to operation and green non-poisonous.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is to use the surface number comparison diagram for the zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of front and back that embodiment obtains in comparative example 2；
Fig. 2 is the work of the workpiece and comparative example 1,2 in comparative example 2, by the zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of processing of embodiment 1-5
The electrochemical tests figure of part.
Specific embodiment
In order to which technical characteristic of the invention, purpose and beneficial effect are more clearly understood, now to skill of the invention
Art scheme carries out described further below, but should not be understood as that limiting the scope of the invention.Institute in following embodiments
Experimental method is stated, is conventional method unless otherwise specified；The reagent and material unless otherwise specified can be from business ways
Diameter obtains.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment provides a kind of zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose, in parts by weight, zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of the raw material components
Include:
Zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of the present embodiment is prepared via a method which to obtain:
Polysulfur silane, amino silane and surfactant are mixed with ethyl alcohol, it is slightly hot to dissolve the surfactant, it stirs
It mixes uniformly, obtains the first transparent mixed liquor；
First mixed liquor is heated to 80 DEG C, under stirring, acrylic resin is added dropwise, is continued after being added dropwise to complete
7h is stirred and kept the temperature, is then cooled to room temperature, A agent is obtained；
Using hole sealing agent as B agent；Complete zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of preparation.
The present embodiment also provides above-mentioned raw materials and passes through zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose that above-mentioned preparation method obtains comprising A agent
With B agent；
When in use, it is mixed after A dilution agent with B agent；
When storage, A, B agent are separated.
The present embodiment also provides the above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of application as the sealer in zinc-plated Seal treatment.?
In use, being 10% by A dilution agent, addition B agent, which is uniformly mixed, can be used to closing coating.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment provides a kind of zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose, in parts by weight, zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of the raw material components
Include:
Zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of the present embodiment is prepared via a method which to obtain:
Polysulfur silane, amino silane and surfactant are mixed with ethyl alcohol, it is slightly hot to dissolve the surfactant, it stirs
It mixes uniformly, obtains the first transparent mixed liquor；
First mixed liquor is heated to 80 DEG C, under stirring, acrylic resin is added dropwise, is continued after being added dropwise to complete
7h is stirred and kept the temperature, is then cooled to room temperature, A agent is obtained；
Using hole sealing agent as B agent；Complete zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of preparation.
The present embodiment also provides above-mentioned raw materials and passes through zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose that above-mentioned preparation method obtains comprising A agent
With B agent；
When in use, it is mixed after A dilution agent with B agent；
When storage, A, B agent are separated.
The present embodiment also provides the above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of application as the sealer in zinc-plated Seal treatment.?
In use, being 10% by A dilution agent, addition B agent, which is uniformly mixed, can be used to closing coating.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment provides a kind of zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose, in parts by weight, zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of the raw material components
Include:
Zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of the present embodiment is prepared via a method which to obtain:
Polysulfur silane, amino silane and surfactant are mixed with ethyl alcohol, it is slightly hot to dissolve the surfactant, it stirs
It mixes uniformly, obtains the first transparent mixed liquor；
First mixed liquor is heated to 80 DEG C, under stirring, acrylic resin is added dropwise, is continued after being added dropwise to complete
7h is stirred and kept the temperature, is then cooled to room temperature, A agent is obtained；
Using hole sealing agent as B agent；Complete zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of preparation.
The present embodiment also provides above-mentioned raw materials and passes through zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose that above-mentioned preparation method obtains comprising A agent
With B agent；
When in use, it is mixed after A dilution agent with B agent；
When storage, A, B agent are separated.
The present embodiment also provides the above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of application as the sealer in zinc-plated Seal treatment.?
In use, being 10% by A dilution agent, addition B agent, which is uniformly mixed, can be used to closing coating.
Embodiment 4
The present embodiment provides a kind of zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose, in parts by weight, zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of the raw material components
Include:
Zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of the present embodiment is prepared via a method which to obtain:
Polysulfur silane, amino silane and surfactant are mixed with ethyl alcohol, it is slightly hot to dissolve the surfactant, it stirs
It mixes uniformly, obtains the first transparent mixed liquor；
First mixed liquor is heated to 80 DEG C, under stirring, acrylic resin is added dropwise, is continued after being added dropwise to complete
7h is stirred and kept the temperature, is then cooled to room temperature, A agent is obtained；
Using hole sealing agent as B agent；Complete zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of preparation.
The present embodiment also provides above-mentioned raw materials and passes through zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose that above-mentioned preparation method obtains comprising A agent
With B agent；
When in use, it is mixed after A dilution agent with B agent；
When storage, A, B agent are separated.
The present embodiment also provides the above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of application as the sealer in zinc-plated Seal treatment.?
In use, being 10% by A dilution agent, addition B agent, which is uniformly mixed, can be used to closing coating.
Embodiment 5
The present embodiment provides a kind of zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose, in parts by weight, zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of the raw material components
Include:
Zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of the present embodiment is prepared via a method which to obtain:
Polysulfur silane, amino silane and surfactant are mixed with ethyl alcohol, it is slightly hot to dissolve the surfactant, it stirs
It mixes uniformly, obtains the first transparent mixed liquor；
First mixed liquor is heated to 80 DEG C, under stirring, acrylic resin is added dropwise, is continued after being added dropwise to complete
7h is stirred and kept the temperature, is then cooled to room temperature, A agent is obtained；
Using hole sealing agent as B agent；Complete zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of preparation.
The present embodiment also provides above-mentioned raw materials and passes through zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose that above-mentioned preparation method obtains comprising A agent
With B agent；
When in use, it is mixed after A dilution agent with B agent；
When storage, A, B agent are separated.
The present embodiment also provides the above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of application as the sealer in zinc-plated Seal treatment.?
In use, being 10% by A dilution agent, addition B agent, which is uniformly mixed, can be used to closing coating.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is blank control, i.e. galvanized part does not do any Seal treatment after transpassivation.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example obtain embodiment zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose and the corrosion resisting property generally acknowledged in a industry are excellent
Foreign brand name sealer (Surtec Surtec555s) carries out performance comparison, and using the galvanized part of comparative example 1 as blank control.
Workpiece for performance test: acid zinc plating on iron plate, then passes through trivalent chrome blue by 4.7-5.0 μm of thickness of coating
White Passivation Treatment carries out corresponding Seal treatment again after passivation.
Foreign brand name blocking agent technique are as follows: stoste is diluted to 20%, and the workpiece after passivation is put into wherein room temperature leaching
Stain 60s, 80 DEG C of drying after taking-up.
Product of the present invention sealing condition: the embodiment 1-5 product dilution to 10% will be passivated under the conditions of 60 DEG C
Workpiece afterwards, which is put into, wherein impregnates 60s, 80 DEG C of drying after taking-up.
Contrast and experiment is as follows:
As shown in Figure 1, the zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of front and back comparison obtained using embodiment is as it can be seen that using the embodiment of the present invention
Zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose obtained is coated in zinc-plated and passivation layer surface, and solidification rear enclosed film is transparent, does not cover bright blue passivation
The color of film and the metallic luster of coating, and film layer is flat and smooth.
Electricity will be carried out by the workpiece of zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of processing and the workpiece of comparative example 1,2 of the embodiment 1-5
Chemical property test, as shown in Fig. 2, by taking embodiment 1 as an example, in which: 1. blank control of label, the closing of 2. foreign brand name of label
Agent, 3. product of the present invention of label.It is analyzed from the polarization curve of Fig. 2 three, by the workpiece of the 1 product Seal treatment of embodiment
Compared with the workpiece of comparative example 1,2, the former corrosion electric current density is minimum, and corrosion potential is moved to right to -0.986V, and corrosion potential is most
Just.Likewise, the product of embodiment 2-5 obtains similar result.Therefore, from electro-chemical test it can be concluded that, product of the present invention
Corrosion resisting property to be substantially better than the foreign brand name sealer, be coated onto workpiece surface, workpiece resistance to corrosion is very big
Enhancing.Again because above-mentioned zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose stronger in conjunction with galvanized part, wearability is stronger.
Therefore obtained zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of the present invention can be combined by force with coating, wear-resisting, corrosion resistance
By force, preparation method is simple to operation, and green non-poisonous.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose, in parts by weight, which includes:
Wherein, second alcohol and water is not 0 simultaneously.
2. zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in parts by weight, this zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose
Raw material components include:
3. zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the acrylic resin is water solubility
Acrylic resin.
4. zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the polysulfur silane includes γ-mercapto propyl
Trimethoxy silane, gamma-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane, γ-mercapto hydroxypropyl methyl dimethoxysilane, γ-mercapto hydroxypropyl methyl two
The combination of one or more of Ethoxysilane and γ-thiocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane.
5. zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the amino silane includes γ-ammonia third
Ethyl triethoxy silicane alkane, N- (β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and N- normal-butyl-γ-aminopropyl trimethoxy
The combination of one or more of silane.
6. zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the surfactant include yin from
Sub- surfactant and/or nonionic surfactant；
Preferably, the anionic surfactant includes dodecyl sodium sulfate, lauryl sodium sulfate, detergent alkylate sulphur
One or both of sour sodium and disodium 4-dodecyl-2,4 '-oxydibenzenesulfonate；
Preferably, the nonionic surfactant includes polyoxethylene octylphenyl phenol ether -10.
7. zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that: the hole sealing agent include prodan,
One or both of potassium fluosilicate and fluosilicic acid.
8. described in any item zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of the preparation methods of claim 1-7, include the following steps:
Polysulfur silane, amino silane and surfactant are mixed with ethyl alcohol and/or water, obtain the first mixed liquor；
First mixed liquor is heated to 75 ± 5 DEG C, under stirring, acrylic resin is added, persistently stirs and keep the temperature 4-7h,
It then cools to room temperature, obtains A agent；
Using hole sealing agent as B agent；Complete zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of preparation.
Zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose that 9. zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of preparation method according to any one of claims 8 obtains comprising A agent and
B agent；
When in use, it is mixed after A dilution agent with B agent；
When storage, A, B agent are separated.
10. the zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose of application as the sealer in zinc-plated Seal treatment as claimed in claim 9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811213630.1A CN109385653A (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2018-10-18 | It is zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose a kind of and its preparation method and application |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811213630.1A CN109385653A (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2018-10-18 | It is zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose a kind of and its preparation method and application |
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| CN201811213630.1A Pending CN109385653A (en) | 2018-10-18 | 2018-10-18 | It is zinc-plated watersoluble closed dose a kind of and its preparation method and application |
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| CN114574936A (en) * | 2022-02-18 | 2022-06-03 | 南通申海工业科技有限公司 | Vehicle door lock catch surface treatment process |
| CN114592223A (en) * | 2022-03-23 | 2022-06-07 | 中磁科技股份有限公司 | Neodymium iron boron magnet galvanizing and surface lubricating process |
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Application publication date: 20190226 |