CN109385527B - Method for comprehensively recovering nickel-chromium alloy - Google Patents
Method for comprehensively recovering nickel-chromium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN109385527B CN109385527B CN201811210770.3A CN201811210770A CN109385527B CN 109385527 B CN109385527 B CN 109385527B CN 201811210770 A CN201811210770 A CN 201811210770A CN 109385527 B CN109385527 B CN 109385527B
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- nickel
- chromium alloy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/001—Dry processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
- C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B34/00—Obtaining refractory metals
- C22B34/30—Obtaining chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
- C22B34/32—Obtaining chromium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy and chemical industry, and provides a method for comprehensively recovering nickel-chromium alloy for solving the problems of low utilization rate of traditional industrial waste materials and environmental pollution, which comprises the following steps: (1) adding the laterite-nickel ore into the industrial waste, uniformly mixing, screening and crushing to obtain a mixed material; (2) adding flux into the mixed material, blending water, and pressing into balls to obtain biscuit; (3) and (3) heating and reducing the biscuit, then transferring the biscuit into an electric furnace for fusion treatment, and casting and discharging the biscuit out of the furnace to obtain the nickel-chromium alloy. The invention uses industrial waste as main raw material, changes the traditional mode of independent recovery of nickel and chromium, proposes the idea of comprehensively extracting nickel-chromium alloy, has easily controlled process conditions and low energy consumption, and the furnace slag is sent to a workshop to be refined into novel environment-friendly building materials, and the nickel-chromium alloy becomes stainless steel base stock, thereby achieving multiple purposes, one object is used together, the recycling is realized, and the resource utilization rate is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy and chemical industry, in particular to a method for comprehensively recovering nickel-chromium alloy.
Background
Industrial waste refers to solid, semi-solid, liquid and gaseous articles, substances in containers that are produced in industrial production activities and that lose their original value of use or are discarded or discarded without losing their value of use. With the acceleration of the urbanization process and the gradual improvement of the living standard of people, more and more industrial solid wastes appear in China, a large amount of industrial wastes pollute the environment and endanger the physical and mental health of people, and the problem of how to effectively treat the industrial wastes is urgent.
The existing industrial waste is mostly treated by stacking, burying or burning, and can pollute soil, water and atmosphere to different degrees. The larger the accumulation amount of the industrial waste is, the more the occupied land is, harmful components easily pollute the land and destroy the ecological balance in the soil, and when pathogenic microorganisms and other harmful substances in the polluted soil enter the water body along with natural rainfall, runoff or seepage, the health of people can be further endangered. The landfill of harmful industrial waste can cause the soil to generate deterioration phenomena such as acidification, alkalization, hardening and the like, and places with serious pollution even grasses and trees cannot grow. The discharge of a large amount of industrial solid wastes into rivers, lakes and seas can cause siltation, thereby blocking river channels, eroding farmlands and damaging hydraulic engineering. Toxic and harmful solid wastes enter a water body, so that a certain water area becomes a biological dead zone; when the waste water is contacted with water (rainwater and surface water), toxic and harmful components in the waste are leached out inevitably, so that the water body is changed into acidity, alkalinity, eutrophication, mineralization, increased suspended matters, even poisoning and the like, and the biological and human health are harmed. Harmful components in the solid waste which is incinerated and stacked produce toxic gas due to volatilization, chemical reaction and the like, and the atmosphere is polluted.
Chinese patent literature discloses a pavement material produced by utilizing industrial waste, and the publication number is CN106064922A, the pavement material is prepared by taking waste glass cullet, broken building garbage and slag as main raw materials, but the resource utilization rate of the invention on the industrial waste is low, and valuable metals in the industrial waste are not fully utilized. Therefore, the reasonable recycling is carried out according to the components of the industrial waste, and the method has important research significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for comprehensively recovering nickel-chromium alloy by using industrial waste, aiming at overcoming the problems of low resource utilization rate and environmental pollution of the traditional industrial waste.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for comprehensively recovering nickel-chromium alloy comprises the following steps:
(1) adding the laterite-nickel ore into the industrial waste, uniformly mixing, screening and crushing to obtain a mixed material;
(2) adding flux into the mixed material, blending water, and pressing into balls to obtain biscuit;
(3) and (3) heating and reducing the biscuit, then transferring the biscuit into an electric furnace for fusion treatment, and casting and discharging the biscuit out of the furnace to obtain the nickel-chromium alloy.
The industrial waste comprises sludge obtained by sewage treatment, environment-friendly dedusting ash, flue ash, industrial pickling mud and the like, and has the advantages of waste utilization, wide source and low cost. The furnace slag produced by the invention is sent to a workshop to be refined into a novel environment-friendly building material, and the nickel-chromium alloy becomes a stainless steel base material, so that the furnace slag has multiple purposes, can be used together, can be recycled, and has high resource utilization rate.
Preferably, in the step (1), the industrial waste comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.5-3.5% of Ni, 3-15% of Cr, 10-40% of Fe, 0.01-0.3% of P, 25% of CaO, 0.9% of MgO, and SiO21.35%，H2And the balance of O.
Preferably, in the step (1), the adding mass ratio of the laterite-nickel ore to the industrial waste is 3: 7.
preferably, in the step (1), the grain size of the mixed material is 10-30 mm.
Preferably, in the step (2), the flux is quartz; the adding mass ratio of the solvent in the mixed material is 3.5-7.5%.
Preferably, in the step (2), the process conditions for blending water are as follows: the heat of the rotary kiln is adjusted to 350-400 ℃, and the material is dried until the water content is 15-20 wt%, so that the biscuit can be ensured to be pelletized and is not easy to scatter. The heat of the rotary kiln is utilized to fully utilize the heat, so that the energy is saved, the consumption is reduced, and the resources are optimized.
Preferably, in the step (3), the reduction treatment process comprises: adding a reducing agent into the biscuit, and then carrying out heat treatment at the temperature of 650-750 ℃; the addition mass ratio of the reducing agent in the biscuit is 8-15%.
The method utilizes the rotary kiln to pre-reduce and remove acid and oily impurities in industrial waste in the biscuit, and transfers the biscuit to an electric furnace for fusion when the temperature reaches 650-750 ℃.
Preferably, the reducing agent is a carbonaceous reducing agent, and the carbonaceous reducing agent is coke or semi coke.
Preferably, the carbonaceous reducing agent is prepared from coke or semi coke and hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) according to a mass ratio of (10-15): 1 is prepared by compounding.
HEDP is a five-membered acid which ionizes 5 hydrogen ions, forming 5 coordinated oxygen atoms after ionization, and reacting with Ca2+、Mg2+、Fe2+、Fe3+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Al3+Etc. to form stable chelates. The chelating agent and the carbonaceous reducing agent are compounded, so that the carbonaceous reducing agent is endowed with certain metal complexing ability, more metals are complexed from industrial waste in the reduction process, and a large amount of smoke is avoided, so that the recovery rate of the nickel-chromium alloy is improved.
Preferably, in the step (3), the casting tapping temperature is more than 1600 ℃, and the comprehensive recovery rate of elements and the slag-iron separation casting effect are ideal under the temperature condition.
Preferably, in the step (3), the nickel-chromium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass based on the total mass of the nickel-chromium alloy: 7.51 percent of Ni, 7.90 percent of Cr, 0.033 percent of P, 0.311 percent of S, 3.52 percent of Si, 2.26 percent of C and the balance of impurities.
Therefore, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the industrial waste is used as a main raw material, the traditional mode of independently recovering nickel and chromium is changed, the idea of comprehensively extracting the nickel-chromium alloy is provided, the process condition is easy to control, the energy consumption is low, furnace slag is sent to a workshop to be refined into a novel environment-friendly building material, the nickel-chromium alloy becomes a stainless steel base material, the purpose of one object is achieved, the object can be used together, the cyclic utilization is realized, and the resource utilization rate is high.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further specifically described below by way of specific examples.
In the present invention, all the equipment and materials are commercially available or commonly used in the art, and the methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
(1) Uniformly mixing the laterite-nickel ore and industrial waste according to the mass ratio of 3:7, and screening and crushing to obtain a mixed material with the particle size of 10 mm; wherein the industrial waste comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni 1.5%, Cr15%, Fe 10%, P0.3%, CaO25%, MgO0.9%, SiO21.35%，H2The balance of O;
(2) adding 3.5wt% of quartz stone into the mixed material, blending water, adjusting the temperature to 350 ℃ by using the heat of a rotary kiln, drying until the water content in the material is 15wt%, and pressing into balls to obtain biscuit;
(3) and (2) carrying out heating reduction treatment on the biscuit, adding 8wt% of coke into the biscuit, then carrying out heat treatment at the temperature of 750 ℃, then transferring the biscuit into an electric furnace for fusion treatment, and casting and discharging the biscuit at the temperature of 1800 ℃ to obtain the nickel-chromium alloy.
The components of the nickel-chromium alloy obtained in the embodiment are detected, and the result is that the total mass of the nickel-chromium alloy is taken as a reference, and the nickel-chromium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.51 percent of Ni, 7.90 percent of Cr, 0.033 percent of P, 0.311 percent of S, 3.52 percent of Si, 2.26 percent of C and the balance of impurities.
Example 2
(1) Uniformly mixing the laterite-nickel ore and industrial waste according to the mass ratio of 3:7, and screening and crushing to obtain a mixed material with the particle size of 30 mm; wherein the industrial waste comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni 3.5%, Cr 3%, Fe 40%, P0.01%, CaO25%, MgO0.9%, SiO21.35%，H2The balance of O;
(2) adding 7.5wt% of quartz stone into the mixed material, blending water, adjusting the temperature to 350 ℃ by using the heat of a rotary kiln, drying until the water content in the material is 20wt%, and pressing into balls to obtain biscuit;
(3) and (2) heating and reducing the biscuit, adding 15wt% of blue carbon into the biscuit, then carrying out heat treatment at the temperature of 650 ℃, then transferring the biscuit into an electric furnace for fusion treatment, and casting and discharging the biscuit at the temperature of 1900 ℃ to obtain the nickel-chromium alloy.
The components of the nickel-chromium alloy obtained in the embodiment are detected, and the result is that the total mass of the nickel-chromium alloy is taken as a reference, and the nickel-chromium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.91% of Ni, 7.10% of Cr, 0.013% of P, 0.285% of S, 3.21% of Si, 2.05% of C and the balance of impurities.
Example 3
(1) Uniformly mixing the laterite-nickel ore and industrial waste according to the mass ratio of 3:7, and screening and crushing to obtain a mixed material with the particle size of 25 mm; wherein the industrial waste comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni 2.0%, Cr 10%, Fe 30%, P0.25%, CaO25%, MgO0.9%, SiO21.35%，H2Residual of OAn amount;
(2) adding 4.0wt% of quartz stone into the mixed material, blending water, adjusting to 380 ℃ by using the heat of a rotary kiln, drying until the water content in the material is 18wt%, and pressing into balls to obtain biscuit;
(3) heating and reducing the biscuit, and adding 10wt% of carbonaceous reducing agent into the biscuit, wherein the carbonaceous reducing agent is prepared by mixing semi-coke and hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) according to the mass ratio of 10: 1, compounding; then heat-treating at 700 deg.C, then transferring into electric furnace for fusion treatment, casting at 2000 deg.C, and discharging to obtain the final product.
The components of the nickel-chromium alloy obtained in the embodiment are detected, and the result is that the total mass of the nickel-chromium alloy is taken as a reference, and the nickel-chromium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.48 percent of Ni, 7.52 percent of Cr, 0.035 percent of P, 0.289 percent of S, 3.50 percent of Si, 1.98 percent of C and the balance of impurities.
Example 4
(1) Uniformly mixing the laterite-nickel ore and industrial waste according to the mass ratio of 3:7, and screening and crushing to obtain a mixed material with the particle size of 10-30 mm; wherein the industrial waste comprises the following components in percentage by mass: ni 2.0%, Cr 12%, Fe 20%, P0.1%, CaO25%, MgO0.9%, SiO21.35%，H2The balance of O;
(2) adding 4.6wt% of quartz stone into the mixed material, blending water, adjusting to 380 ℃ by using the heat of a rotary kiln, drying until the water content in the material is 18wt%, and pressing into balls to obtain biscuit;
(3) the biscuit is subjected to heating reduction treatment, 12wt% of carbonaceous reducing agent is added into the biscuit, and the carbonaceous reducing agent is prepared by mixing coke and hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid (HEDP) according to the mass ratio of 15: 1, compounding; then heat-treating at 680 deg.C, then transferring into electric furnace for fusion treatment, and casting at 1855 deg.C to obtain the final product.
The components of the nickel-chromium alloy obtained in the embodiment are detected, and the result is that the total mass of the nickel-chromium alloy is taken as a reference, and the nickel-chromium alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 7.98% of Ni, 7.65% of Cr, 0.014% of P, 0.311% of S, 3.52% of Si, 2.54% of C and the balance of impurities.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way, and other variations and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention as set forth in the claims.
Claims (7)
1. The method for comprehensively recovering the nickel-chromium alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) adding the laterite-nickel ore into the industrial waste, uniformly mixing, screening and crushing to obtain a mixed material; the industrial waste comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 1.5-3.5% of Ni, 3-15% of Cr, 10-40% of Fe, 0.01-0.3% of P, 25% of CaO, 0.9% of MgO0, SiO21.35%，H2The balance of O;
(2) adding a flux into the mixed material, adjusting the temperature to 350-400 ℃ by using the heat of a rotary kiln, blending water, and pressing into balls to obtain biscuit; the flux is quartz stone;
(3) carrying out heating reduction treatment on the biscuit, then transferring the biscuit into an electric furnace for fusion treatment, and casting and discharging the biscuit out of the furnace to obtain the nickel-chromium alloy; the reduction treatment process comprises the following steps: adding a reducing agent into the biscuit, and then carrying out heat treatment at the temperature of 650-750 ℃; the reducing agent is prepared from coke or semi coke and hydroxy ethylidene-1, 1-diphosphonic acid according to the mass ratio of (10-15): 1 is prepared by compounding.
2. The method for comprehensively recovering nickel-chromium alloy according to the claim 1, characterized in that in the step (1), the adding mass ratio of the lateritic nickel ore and the industrial waste is 3: 7.
3. the method for comprehensively recovering the nickel-chromium alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the mixed material has a particle size of 10-30 mm.
4. The method for comprehensively recovering the nickel-chromium alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the addition mass ratio of the flux in the mixed material is 3.5-7.5%.
5. The method for comprehensively recovering nickel-chromium alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the process conditions for blending water are as follows: and drying until the water content in the material is 15-20 wt%.
6. The method for comprehensively recovering the nickel-chromium alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the addition mass ratio of the reducing agent in the biscuit is 8-15%.
7. The method for comprehensively recovering NiCr alloy according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the temperature of the cast product is more than 1600 ℃.
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| CN201811210770.3A CN109385527B (en) | 2018-10-17 | 2018-10-17 | Method for comprehensively recovering nickel-chromium alloy |
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| CN110317951A (en) * | 2019-07-16 | 2019-10-11 | 嘉善助远再生资源回收有限公司 | A method of nichrome is produced using dedusting ash of stainless steel and pickling sludge |
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| CN103526030B (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2016-05-11 | 泰州永兴合金材料科技有限公司 | A kind of method of dedusting ash of stainless steel and smelting laterite-nickel ores nichrome |
| EA024653B1 (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2016-10-31 | Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Ви Холдинг" | Method for processing laterite nickel ore with direct production of ferronickel |
| CN104630476A (en) * | 2015-01-30 | 2015-05-20 | 福建绿能资源再生科技有限公司 | Method for preparing inconel by using heavy metal sludge |
| CN106702163B (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2019-09-17 | 宝钢德盛不锈钢有限公司 | A method of recycling innoxious dilval from stainless steel sludge |
| CN107254619A (en) * | 2017-04-19 | 2017-10-17 | 广西盛隆冶金有限公司 | A kind of method that sea sand ore deposit and lateritic nickel ore grandidierite obtain the nichrome of titanium containing vanadium |
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