CN109385460A - Method and system based on single fluorescent particle sizing cell three-dimensional tractive force - Google Patents
Method and system based on single fluorescent particle sizing cell three-dimensional tractive force Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
This application discloses a kind of method and system based on single fluorescent particle sizing cell three-dimensional tractive force, method includes: to carry out delay three-dimensional image acquisition to the single fluorescent particle of individual cells bottom, wherein, cell culture has the gel surface of the single fluorescent particle of random distribution in surface modification；To the collected 3-D image, using digital volume relevant treatment, the 3-D displacement field of gel caused by cell migration is obtained, to obtain the 3 d traction power of cell.The application can single fluorescent particle based on random distribution and digital volume related algorithm, realize the rapid survey to three-dimensional cell tractive force.
Description
Technical field
This application involves cyto-mechanics technical fields, more particularly to a kind of single fluorescent particle sizing cell three-dimensional that is based on to lead
The method and system of gravitation.
Background technique
The device for being traditionally used for measurement cell tractive force is referred to as traction force microscope (Traction force
Microscope, TFM) technology, two-dimentional tractive force when cell and substrate interaction can be measured.However, in fact, cell
Be with the interaction of extracellular microenvironment in vivo it is three-dimensional, research find in cell migration process caused acoplanarity displacement with
In-plane displacement numerical values recited is suitable.Traditional TFM technology by fluorescence microscope, only to the displacement of fluorescent grain in plane into
Row tracking, has ignored the displacement from face direction, thus cannot disclose the three-dimensional active force of actually cell and substrate.
There is researcher to propose fluorescent grain modification inside hydrogel, then cell is placed on the side of gel surface culture
Method measures the variation of gel interior three-dimensional displacement field caused by cell.Also there is researcher by fluorescent grain modification in hydrogel
Portion, and cell is placed in inside gel and carries out dimensional culture, measure the stress field of hydrogel around cell by cell.However,
For these methods when acquiring three-dimensional fluorescence particle image information, normal orientation at least needs to acquire 30 μm, and time-consuming is up to 3 minutes.
In addition, can also measure 3 d traction power there are also some method for distinguishing, such as by the way of nano-imprint, beaten on gel base surface
The quantum dot measurement cell tractive force for printing uniform regular distribution, leads to not calculate cytomorphosis using digital picture related algorithm
The displacement of front and back, but quantum dot sites are found out with center approximating method, reduce the precision and accuracy of calculating；And the party
Method at least still needs to 30 layers along the image of normal orientation, and image acquisition time is long.
In conclusion presently, there are measurement cell three-dimensional tractive force method, all exist the volume Image Acquisition number of plies it is more,
The problem that time is long, speed is slow and phototoxicity is big.It is thin in volumetric image collection process due to cannot be guaranteed same time series
Born of the same parents are in same form always, these methods cannot be used for the measurement of the faster cell of metamorphosis.Meanwhile these problems cause
Cell activity is affected, and limits these methods in measurement cell division or the application of atomization.
Therefore, how the significantly more efficient 3 d traction power to cell measures, and is a urgent problem to be solved.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, this application provides a kind of method based on single fluorescent particle sizing cell three-dimensional tractive force, energy
Enough based on single fluorescent particle and digital volume related algorithm, the rapid survey to three-dimensional cell tractive force is realized.
This application provides a kind of methods based on single fluorescent particle sizing cell three-dimensional tractive force, comprising:
Delay three-dimensional image acquisition is carried out to the single fluorescent particle of individual cells bottom, the cell culture is repaired on surface
It is decorated with the gel surface of the single fluorescent particle of random distribution；
The 3 d traction power of cell is obtained using digital volume relevant treatment to the collected 3-D image.
Preferably, described that is obtained by cell migration and is drawn using digital volume relevant treatment for the collected 3-D image
The 3-D displacement field of the gel risen, so that the 3 d traction power for obtaining cell includes:
It is chosen in 3-D image before being deformed and refers to sub-district；
Using search Optimum Matching sub-district in the 3-D image of correlation function after deformation；
Determine that deformation forward three-dimensional viewing refers to the displacement of sub-district central point based on the Optimum Matching sub-district；
The 3 d traction power of cell is obtained according to the Displacement Inverse.
Preferably, the correlation function is reversed second order shape function.
Preferably, the expression-form of the second order shape function are as follows:
Preferably, it is characterised in that the size of the sub-district is 19 pixels.
A kind of system based on single fluorescent particle sizing cell three-dimensional tractive force, comprising:
Acquisition module carries out delay three-dimensional image acquisition for the single fluorescent particle to individual cells bottom, described thin
Born of the same parents' culture has the gel surface of the single fluorescent particle of random distribution in surface modification；
Processing module, for obtaining cell migration using digital volume relevant treatment to the collected 3-D image
The 3-D displacement field of caused gel, to obtain the 3 d traction power of cell.
Preferably, the processing module includes:
Selection unit refers to sub-district for choosing in 3-D image before being deformed；
Search unit searches for Optimum Matching sub-district for using in the 3-D image of correlation function after deformation；
Determination unit, for determining that deformation forward three-dimensional viewing refers to the position of sub-district central point based on the Optimum Matching sub-district
It moves；
Inverting unit, for obtaining the 3 d traction power of cell according to the Displacement Inverse.
Preferably, the correlation function is reversed second order shape function.
Preferably, the expression-form of the second order shape function are as follows:
Preferably, the size of the sub-district is 19 pixels.
In conclusion this application discloses a kind of method based on single fluorescent particle sizing cell three-dimensional tractive force,
When carrying out the measurement of 3 d traction power to cell, delay 3-D image is carried out to the single fluorescent particle of individual cells bottom first and is adopted
Collection, wherein cell culture has the gel surface of the single fluorescent particle of random distribution in surface modification, then to collected three
It ties up image and the 3-D displacement field of gel caused by cell migration is obtained using digital volume relevant treatment, to obtain cell
3 d traction power.The application is based on single fluorescent particle and digital volume related algorithm, by single fluorescent particle marker in gel
Between substrate and cell, cell migrates in substrate surface and drives fluorescent grain movement, is remembered using laser scanning co-focusing microscope
The volumetric image for recording the movement of different moments fluorescent grain (uses single fluorescent marker, the sampling time of volumetric image is shortened
50 times), it is related to digital volume according to material constitutive relation using fluorescent grain as speckle field, cell is calculated in base
3 d traction power caused by bottom surface realizes the rapid survey to cell three-dimensional tractive force.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application or in the prior art more clearly, to embodiment or will show below
There is attached drawing needed in technical description to be briefly described, it should be apparent that, the accompanying drawings in the following description is only this
Some embodiments of application for those of ordinary skill in the art without creative efforts, can be with
It obtains other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of stream of the embodiment of the method 1 of single fluorescent particle sizing cell three-dimensional tractive force disclosed in the present application
Cheng Tu；
Fig. 2 is a kind of stream of the embodiment of the method 2 of single fluorescent particle sizing cell three-dimensional tractive force disclosed in the present application
Cheng Tu；
Fig. 3 is a kind of knot of the system embodiment 1 of single fluorescent particle sizing cell three-dimensional tractive force disclosed in the present application
Structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is a kind of knot of the system embodiment 2 of single fluorescent particle sizing cell three-dimensional tractive force disclosed in the present application
Structure schematic diagram
Fig. 5 is three-dimensional cell tractive force platform schematic diagram disclosed in the present application；
Fig. 6 is under different sub-district sizes disclosed in the present application, single order and the obtained displacement of second order shape function and reconstructs
The comparison diagram of power；
Fig. 7 is the 3-D displacement field disclosed in the present application being calculated and traction field of force schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present application, technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of embodiments of the present application, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the application, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall in the protection scope of this application.
As shown in Figure 1, for a kind of method implementation of single fluorescent particle sizing cell three-dimensional tractive force disclosed in the present application
The flow chart of example 1, the method may include following steps:
S101, delay three-dimensional image acquisition is carried out to the single fluorescent particle of individual cells bottom, wherein cell culture exists
Surface modification has the gel surface of the single fluorescent particle of random distribution；
When needing the 3 d traction power to cell to measure, as shown in figure 5, before measuring, to glass bottom culture
Ware is pre-processed, and can increase the adhesiveness of gel and culture dish bottom by triethoxysilane, then will be to be measured
Cell culture makes single fluorescent particle be evenly distributed on gel surface on the good elastic gel of biocompatibility, and cell exists
It can cause the deformation of gel during migration and division, the deformation of gel will drive the movement of its surface fluorescence particle.Therefore,
The location information of fluorescent grain is able to reflect out the deformation information of substrate caused by cell movement.
When the single fluorescent particle to individual cells bottom carries out delay three-dimensional image acquisition, culture dish is moved on into outfit
On the objective table for having the laser scanning co-focusing of living cells work station.Cell is placed in living cells work station, is kept for 37 DEG C,
5% carbon dioxide.Not no individual cells of unwanted cell around are found under eyepiece, carry out delay three-dimensional image acquisition, by swashing
Optical scanning Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope delay record obtains the 3-D image of fluorescent grain during cell movement.
Compared with the method for traditional measurement cell three-dimensional tractive force, the application uses the fluorescent grain of single layer, without
It is being distributed in fluorescent grain three-dimensional inside gel base.Therefore it may only be necessary to acquire the 3-D image of single fluorescent particle, no
It needs to be scanned entire gel along normal orientation, realizes the Quick Acquisition to 3-D image.This method greatly reduces
Three-dimensional image acquisition needs the number of plies scanned, shortens the acquisition time of 3-D image, reduces the phototoxicity of sampling, reduces
Injury of the fluorescence of laser scanning and excitation to cell.
S102, to collected 3-D image, using digital volume relevant treatment, obtain gel caused by cell migration
3-D displacement field, to obtain the 3 d traction power of cell.
Digital volume correlation basic principle is deformed within a certain period of time for three-dimension object, is searched according to certain
Suo Fangfa finds each cube sub-district phase with image before deformation using predefined correlation function after deformation in image
The extreme point of relationship number.Second order shape function and reversely combined Gauss-Newton Methods are used for digital volume related algorithm, solved
The displacement of the fluorescent grain of substrate surface out.The algorithm improves meter compared with traditional digital volume related algorithm significantly
Speed and accuracy in computation are calculated, the quick calculating to 3 d traction power is realized.As shown in fig. 7, utilizing obtained three-D displacement
The constitutive relation of field and gel rubber material, further according to Elasticity basic theories solution, the 3 d traction power of cell is released in inverting.
In conclusion the application is when carrying out the measurement of 3 d traction power to cell, the single layer to individual cells bottom first
Fluorescent grain carries out delay three-dimensional image acquisition, wherein cell culture has the single fluorescent particle of random distribution in surface modification
Gel surface, using digital volume relevant treatment, obtain gel caused by cell migration then to collected 3-D image
3-D displacement field, to obtain the 3 d traction power of cell.The application is based on the calculation related to digital volume of single fluorescent particle
Method, by single fluorescent particle marker between gel base and cell, cell migrates in substrate surface and drives fluorescent grain movement,
It (is marked using single fluorescent using the volumetric image of laser scanning co-focusing microscope record different moments fluorescent grain movement
The sampling time of volumetric image is shortened 50 times by object), using fluorescent grain as speckle field, according to material constitutive relation and number
Font product is related, and cell 3 d traction power caused by substrate surface is calculated, realizes to the fast of cell three-dimensional tractive force
Speed measurement.
As shown in Fig. 2, for a kind of method implementation of single fluorescent particle sizing cell three-dimensional tractive force disclosed in the present application
The flow chart of example, the method may include following steps:
S201, delay three-dimensional image acquisition is carried out to the single fluorescent particle of individual cells bottom, wherein cell culture exists
Surface modification has the gel surface of the single fluorescent particle of random distribution；
When needing the 3 d traction power to cell to measure, as shown in figure 5, before measuring, to glass bottom culture
Ware is pre-processed, and can increase the adhesiveness of gel and culture dish bottom by triethoxysilane, then will be to be measured
Cell culture makes single fluorescent particle be evenly distributed on gel surface on the good elastic gel of biocompatibility, and cell exists
It can cause the deformation of gel during migration and division, the deformation of gel will drive the movement of its surface fluorescence particle.Therefore,
The location information of fluorescent grain is able to reflect out the deformation information of substrate caused by cell movement.
When the single fluorescent particle to individual cells bottom carries out delay three-dimensional image acquisition, culture dish is moved on into outfit
On the objective table for having the laser scanning co-focusing of living cells work station.Cell is placed in living cells work station, is kept for 37 DEG C,
5% carbon dioxide.Not no individual cells of unwanted cell around are found under eyepiece, carry out delay three-dimensional image acquisition, by swashing
Optical scanning Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope delay record obtains the 3-D image of fluorescent grain during cell movement.
Compared with the method for traditional measurement cell three-dimensional tractive force, the application uses the fluorescent grain of single layer, without
It is being distributed in fluorescent grain three-dimensional inside gel base.Therefore it may only be necessary to acquire the 3-D image of single fluorescent particle, no
It needs to be scanned entire gel along normal orientation, realizes the Quick Acquisition to 3-D image.This method greatly reduces
Three-dimensional image acquisition needs the number of plies scanned, shortens the acquisition time of 3-D image, reduces the phototoxicity of sampling, reduces
Injury of the fluorescence of laser scanning and excitation to cell.
It is chosen in S202,3-D image before being deformed and refers to sub-district；
S203, using searching for Optimum Matching sub-district in correlation function 3-D image after deformation；
S204, determine that deformation forward three-dimensional viewing refers to the displacement of sub-district central point based on the Optimum Matching sub-district；
S205, the 3 d traction power that cell is obtained according to Displacement Inverse.
In step S202~S205, digital volume correlation basic principle is that three-dimension object is occurred within a certain period of time
Deformation, using predefined correlation function, is found in image after deformation according to certain searching method and deforms preceding image
The extreme point of each cube sub-district related coefficient.It is chosen in 3-D image before being deformed and refers to sub-district, after deformation three
It ties up and searches for Optimum Matching sub-district in image, determine the displacement of image subsection central point before deforming.Change is evaluated using correlation function
The similarity degree of image subsection before and after shape is the extreme value for solving correlation function calculating digital volume dependent conversion.
Typical DVC (Digital Volume Correlation, digital volume are related) method uses zero-mean normalizing
The square distance and correlation function of change, using the Gauss-Newton iterative algorithm (FN-GN1) of the positive incremental of single order shape function
The small volume elements of matching deformation front and back, computational efficiency are low.And single order shape function is difficult to completely describe cell to substrate effect production
Raw local deformation, in order to improve the measurement accuracy and speed of cell tractive force, the application is high using reversed second order shape function
This-Newton's algorithm (IC-GN2).Come assessment reference sub-district and deformation used here as zero-mean normalization sum of squares of deviations correlation criterion
The similarity degree in area, is write as function, as shown in formula (1).For shape function parameter vector, the increment of each iteration is represented,
In iterative process.
Wherein, f and g respectively indicates the gray value with reference to certain point (x, y, z) in sub-district and deformation sub-district,WithRepresent ginseng
It examines sub-district and deforms the average gray value of sub-district, M is half-breadth of the sub-district in the direction x and y, and N is half-breadth of the sub-district in the direction z.
In view of the deformation gradient in cytosis region is larger (local deformation), can be obtained using reversed second order shape function
To more accurate measurement result.Formula (2) gives the expression-form of second order shape function, has more freedom degrees, ginseng
It is 30 rows that number vector p is increased by 12 rows of single order shape function, and the deformation that can be described is also from single order deformation (flexible, rotation, shearing
Or combinations thereof) expand to Second Order Deformation (pure bending of such as beam).
The selection of shape function and sub-district size influences the accuracy of calculated result, as shown in fig. 6, the application has evaluated difference
Sub-district size and shape function are to the displacement being calculated and the influence of tractive force.As seen from Figure 6, stepped using reversed two
Function, when sub-district size takes 19pixels, the displacement and tractive force rebuild are most accurate.Finally, as shown in fig. 7, utilizing
The constitutive relation of the 3-D displacement field and gel rubber material that arrive, further according to Elasticity basic theories solution, the three of cell are released in inverting
Tie up tractive force.
In conclusion the application volumetric image acquisition time shortens 50 times compared to conventional three-dimensional method, can quickly survey
Measure cell three-dimensional tractive force；Since the sampling time is short, bring phototoxicity is small, will not influence the activity of cell, can be used for form
The measurement for changing faster cell, has a wide range of application；Single fluorescent distribution of particles is easy to operate in substrate surface, and is not present three
The problem of dimension is unevenly distributed；The displacement accuracy that the digital volume related algorithm of proposition is calculated is high and speed is fast.
The specific application example of several the application is described below:
Case study on implementation 1: when three-dimensional cell tractive force platform is used for cell migration with the research of substrate three-dimensional active force:
(1) preparation surface modification has the gel base of single fluorescent particle: after synthesizing about 80 μm of thickness on culture dish
Gel layer in gel surface modified monolayer fluorescent grain, then modifies the adhesiveness that one layer of collagen increases cell and substrate.
(2) it cultivates cell: suitable cell and culture medium is added in culture dish, cultivate 16 hours.
(3) culture dish is moved on in living cells work station, opens laser scanning co-focusing microscope.
(4) lock individual cells or multiple cells under light field, adjusting parameter, cell during gel surface migrates,
Interval 30 minutes, the 3-D image of the fluorescent grain of shooting first order fluorescence off field, contains cell migration and causes substrate deformation
Information.
(5) by the volumetric image of the fluorescent grain of obtained different moments, the digital body of this laboratory independent development is imported
Product related software obtains the 3-D displacement field of different moments in conjunction with the property of base material, and inverting obtains the three-dimensional of substrate surface
Draw the field of force.
Case study on implementation 2: when three-dimensional cell tractive force platform is used for cell division with the research of substrate three-dimensional active force, specifically
Scheme is as follows:
(1) in culture dish, preparation surface modification has the gel base of single fluorescent particle.
(2) dyeing that the micro-pipe of cell, DNA, cell membrane and focal adhension carry out different colours is handled, is adopted by cell dyeing
With cells Synchronous method by cells Synchronous to contemporaneity.
(3) by treated, cell is added on pretreated culture dish, is cultivated 4 hours.
(4) culture dish is transferred in the living cells work station being provided under laser scanning co-focusing microscope.
(5) corresponding laser channeling is opened, the three-dimensional figure of the fluorescent grain in 5 minutes cell division periods of shooting is spaced
Picture.
(6) obtained volumetric image importing digital volume related software is obtained into cell division according to base material performance
When 3 d traction power size and Orientation.
Case study on implementation 3: three-dimensional cell tractive force platform is used for the research of cellular contraction, and concrete scheme is as follows:
(1) preparation surface modification has the gel base of single fluorescent particle.
(2) it cultivates cell: suitable cell and culture medium is added in culture dish, cultivate 4 hours.
(3) high osmotic pressure solution of different osmotic gradient is prepared.
(4) culture dish is moved on in living cells work station, opens laser scanning co-focusing microscope.
(5) the individual cells of unwanted cell, adjusting parameter are not added into culture dish and match in advance around finding under light field
The solution of the hyperosmosis made is spaced 1 minute, the 3-D image of the fluorescent grain of shooting fluorescence off field.
(6) obtained volumetric image importing digital volume related software is obtained into cellular contraction according to base material performance
In the process with the three-dimensional active force of substrate.
As shown in figure 3, for a kind of system implementation of single fluorescent particle sizing cell three-dimensional tractive force disclosed in the present application
The structural schematic diagram of example 1, the system may include:
Acquisition module 301 carries out delay three-dimensional image acquisition for the single fluorescent particle to individual cells bottom,
In, cell culture has the gel surface of the single fluorescent particle of random distribution in surface modification；
When needing the 3 d traction power to cell to measure, as shown in figure 5, before measuring, to glass bottom culture
Ware is pre-processed, and can increase the adhesiveness of gel and culture dish bottom by triethoxysilane, then will be to be measured
Cell culture makes single fluorescent particle be evenly distributed on gel surface on the good elastic gel of biocompatibility, and cell exists
It can cause the deformation of gel during migration and division, the deformation of gel will drive the movement of its surface fluorescence particle.Therefore,
The location information of fluorescent grain is able to reflect out the deformation information of substrate caused by cell movement.
When the single fluorescent particle to individual cells bottom carries out delay three-dimensional image acquisition, culture dish is moved on into outfit
On the objective table for having the laser scanning co-focusing of living cells work station.Cell is placed in living cells work station, is kept for 37 DEG C,
5% carbon dioxide.Not no individual cells of unwanted cell around are found under eyepiece, carry out delay three-dimensional image acquisition, by swashing
Optical scanning Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope delay record obtains the 3-D image of fluorescent grain during cell movement.
Compared with the method for traditional measurement cell three-dimensional tractive force, the application uses the fluorescent grain of single layer, without
It is being distributed in fluorescent grain three-dimensional inside gel base.Therefore it may only be necessary to acquire the 3-D image of single fluorescent particle, no
It needs to be scanned entire gel along normal orientation, realizes the Quick Acquisition to 3-D image.This method greatly reduces
Three-dimensional image acquisition needs the number of plies scanned, shortens the acquisition time of 3-D image, reduces the phototoxicity of sampling, reduces
Injury of the fluorescence of laser scanning and excitation to cell.
Processing module 302, for obtaining cell migration using digital volume relevant treatment to collected 3-D image
The 3-D displacement field of caused gel, to obtain the 3 d traction power of cell.
Digital volume correlation basic principle is deformed within a certain period of time for three-dimension object, is searched according to certain
Suo Fangfa finds each cube sub-district phase with image before deformation using predefined correlation function after deformation in image
The extreme point of relationship number.Second order shape function and reversely combined Gauss-Newton Methods are used for digital volume related algorithm, solved
The displacement of the fluorescent grain of substrate surface out.The algorithm improves meter compared with traditional digital volume related algorithm significantly
Speed and accuracy in computation are calculated, the quick calculating to 3 d traction power is realized.As shown in fig. 7, utilizing obtained three-D displacement
The constitutive relation of field and gel rubber material, further according to Elasticity basic theories solution, the 3 d traction power of cell is released in inverting.
In conclusion the application is when carrying out the measurement of 3 d traction power to cell, the single layer to individual cells bottom first
Fluorescent grain carries out delay three-dimensional image acquisition, wherein cell culture has the single fluorescent particle of random distribution in surface modification
Gel surface, using digital volume relevant treatment, obtain gel caused by cell migration then to collected 3-D image
3-D displacement field, to obtain the 3 d traction power of cell.The application is based on the calculation related to digital volume of single fluorescent particle
Method, by single fluorescent particle marker between gel base and cell, cell migrates in substrate surface and drives fluorescent grain movement,
It (is marked using single fluorescent using the volumetric image of laser scanning co-focusing microscope record different moments fluorescent grain movement
The sampling time of volumetric image is shortened 50 times by object), using fluorescent grain as speckle field, according to material constitutive relation and number
Font product is related, and cell 3 d traction power caused by substrate surface is calculated, realizes to the fast of cell three-dimensional tractive force
Speed measurement.
As shown in figure 4, for a kind of system implementation of single fluorescent particle sizing cell three-dimensional tractive force disclosed in the present application
The structural schematic diagram of example 2, the system may include:
Acquisition module 401 carries out delay three-dimensional image acquisition for the single fluorescent particle to individual cells bottom,
In, cell culture has the gel surface of the single fluorescent particle of random distribution in surface modification；
When needing the 3 d traction power to cell to measure, as shown in figure 5, before measuring, to glass bottom culture
Ware is pre-processed, and can increase the adhesiveness of gel and culture dish bottom by triethoxysilane, then will be to be measured
Cell culture makes single fluorescent particle be evenly distributed on gel surface on the good elastic gel of biocompatibility, and cell exists
It can cause the deformation of gel during migration and division, the deformation of gel will drive the movement of its surface fluorescence particle.Therefore,
The location information of fluorescent grain is able to reflect out the deformation information of substrate caused by cell movement.
When the single fluorescent particle to individual cells bottom carries out delay three-dimensional image acquisition, culture dish is moved on into outfit
On the objective table for having the laser scanning co-focusing of living cells work station.Cell is placed in living cells work station, is kept for 37 DEG C,
5% carbon dioxide.Not no individual cells of unwanted cell around are found under eyepiece, carry out delay three-dimensional image acquisition, by swashing
Optical scanning Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope delay record obtains the 3-D image of fluorescent grain during cell movement.
Compared with the method for traditional measurement cell three-dimensional tractive force, the application uses the fluorescent grain of single layer, without
It is being distributed in fluorescent grain three-dimensional inside gel base.Therefore it may only be necessary to acquire the 3-D image of single fluorescent particle, no
It needs to be scanned entire gel along normal orientation, realizes the Quick Acquisition to 3-D image.This method greatly reduces
Three-dimensional image acquisition needs the number of plies scanned, shortens the acquisition time of 3-D image, reduces the phototoxicity of sampling, reduces
Injury of the fluorescence of laser scanning and excitation to cell.
Selection unit 402 refers to sub-district for choosing in 3-D image before being deformed；
Search unit 403 searches for Optimum Matching sub-district for using in the 3-D image of correlation function after deformation；
Determination unit 404, for determining that deformation forward three-dimensional viewing refers to sub-district central point based on the Optimum Matching sub-district
Displacement；
Inverting unit 405, for obtaining the 3 d traction power of cell according to Displacement Inverse.
Digital volume correlation basic principle is deformed within a certain period of time for three-dimension object, is searched according to certain
Suo Fangfa finds each cube sub-district phase with image before deformation using predefined correlation function after deformation in image
The extreme point of relationship number.It is chosen in 3-D image before being deformed and refers to sub-district, searched in 3-D image after deformation optimal
Sub-district is matched, determines the displacement of image subsection central point before deforming.Deformation front and back image subsection is evaluated using correlation function
Similarity degree is the extreme value for solving correlation function calculating digital volume dependent conversion.
Typical DVC (Digital Volume Correlation, digital volume are related) method uses zero-mean normalizing
The square distance and correlation function of change, using the Gauss-Newton iterative algorithm (FN-GN1) of the positive incremental of single order shape function
The small volume elements of matching deformation front and back, computational efficiency are low.And single order shape function is difficult to completely describe cell to substrate effect production
Raw local deformation, in order to improve the measurement accuracy and speed of cell tractive force, the application is high using reversed second order shape function
This-Newton's algorithm (IC-GN2).Come assessment reference sub-district and deformation used here as zero-mean normalization sum of squares of deviations correlation criterion
The similarity degree in area, is write as function, as shown in formula (1).For shape function parameter vector, the increment of each iteration is represented,
In iterative process.
Wherein, f and g respectively indicates the gray value with reference to certain point (x, y, z) in sub-district and deformation sub-district,WithRepresent ginseng
It examines sub-district and deforms the average gray value of sub-district, M is half-breadth of the sub-district in the direction x and y, and N is half-breadth of the sub-district in the direction z.
In view of the deformation gradient in cytosis region is larger (local deformation), can be obtained using reversed second order shape function
To more accurate measurement result.Formula (2) gives the expression-form of second order shape function, has more freedom degrees, ginseng
It is 30 rows that number vector p is increased by 12 rows of single order shape function, and the deformation that can be described is also from single order deformation (flexible, rotation, shearing
Or combinations thereof) expand to Second Order Deformation (pure bending of such as beam).
The selection of shape function and sub-district size influences the accuracy of calculated result, as shown in fig. 6, the application has evaluated difference
Sub-district size and shape function are to the displacement being calculated and the influence of tractive force.As seen from Figure 6, stepped using reversed two
Function, when sub-district size takes 19pixels, the displacement and tractive force rebuild are most accurate.Finally, as shown in fig. 7, utilizing
The constitutive relation of the 3-D displacement field and gel rubber material that arrive, further according to Elasticity basic theories solution, the three of cell are released in inverting
Tie up tractive force.
In conclusion the application volumetric image acquisition time shortens 50 times compared to conventional three-dimensional method, can quickly survey
Measure cell three-dimensional tractive force；Since the sampling time is short, bring phototoxicity is small, will not influence the activity of cell, can be used for form
The measurement for changing faster cell, has a wide range of application；Single fluorescent distribution of particles is easy to operate in substrate surface, and is not present three
The problem of dimension is unevenly distributed；The displacement accuracy that the digital volume related algorithm of proposition is calculated is high and speed is fast.
Each embodiment in this specification is described in a progressive manner, the highlights of each of the examples are with other
The difference of embodiment, the same or similar parts in each embodiment may refer to each other.For device disclosed in embodiment
For, since it is corresponded to the methods disclosed in the examples, so being described relatively simple, related place is said referring to method part
It is bright.
Professional further appreciates that, unit described in conjunction with the examples disclosed in the embodiments of the present disclosure
And algorithm steps, can be realized with electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two, in order to clearly demonstrate hardware and
The interchangeability of software generally describes each exemplary composition and step according to function in the above description.These
Function is implemented in hardware or software actually, the specific application and design constraint depending on technical solution.Profession
Technical staff can use different methods to achieve the described function each specific application, but this realization is not answered
Think beyond scope of the present application.
The step of method described in conjunction with the examples disclosed in this document or algorithm, can directly be held with hardware, processor
The combination of capable software module or the two is implemented.Software module can be placed in random access memory (RAM), memory, read-only deposit
Reservoir (ROM), electrically programmable ROM, electrically erasable ROM, register, hard disk, moveable magnetic disc, CD-ROM or technology
In any other form of storage medium well known in field.
The foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments makes professional and technical personnel in the field can be realized or use the application.
Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, as defined herein
General Principle can be realized in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the application.Therefore, the application
It is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein, and is to fit to and the principles and novel features disclosed herein phase one
The widest scope of cause.
Claims (10)
1. a method of based on single fluorescent particle sizing cell three-dimensional tractive force characterized by comprising
Delay three-dimensional image acquisition is carried out to the single fluorescent particle of individual cells bottom, the cell culture has in surface modification
The gel surface of the single fluorescent particle of random distribution；
To the collected 3-D image, using digital volume relevant treatment, the three-dimensional of gel caused by cell migration is obtained
Displacement field, to obtain the 3 d traction power of cell.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein described to the collected 3-D image, using number
Volume relevant treatment obtains the 3-D displacement field of gel caused by cell migration, so that the 3 d traction power for obtaining cell includes:
It is chosen in 3-D image before being deformed and refers to sub-district；
Using search Optimum Matching sub-district in the 3-D image of correlation function after deformation；
Determine that deformation forward three-dimensional viewing refers to the displacement of sub-district central point based on the Optimum Matching sub-district；
The 3 d traction power of cell is obtained according to the Displacement Inverse.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the correlation function is reversed second order shape function.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the expression-form of the second order shape function are as follows:
5. according to the method described in claim 4, it is characterized in that the size of the sub-district is 19 pixels.
6. a kind of system based on single fluorescent particle sizing cell three-dimensional tractive force characterized by comprising
Acquisition module carries out delay three-dimensional image acquisition, the cell training for the single fluorescent particle to individual cells bottom
Support the gel surface for the single fluorescent particle for having random distribution in surface modification；
Processing module, for the collected 3-D image to be obtained cell migration and caused using digital volume relevant treatment
Gel 3-D displacement field, to obtain the 3 d traction power of cell.
7. system according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the processing module includes:
Selection unit refers to sub-district for choosing in 3-D image before being deformed；
Search unit searches for Optimum Matching sub-district for using in the 3-D image of correlation function after deformation；
Determination unit, for determining that deformation forward three-dimensional viewing refers to the displacement of sub-district central point based on the Optimum Matching sub-district；
Inverting unit, for obtaining the 3 d traction power of cell according to the Displacement Inverse.
8. system according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the correlation function is reversed second order shape function.
9. system according to claim 8, which is characterized in that the expression-form of the second order shape function are as follows:
10. system according to claim 9, which is characterized in that the size of the sub-district is 19 pixels.
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