CN109384213A - A kind of preparation method of phenol-urea-formaldehyde condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of phenol-urea-formaldehyde condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel Download PDFInfo
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- CN109384213A CN109384213A CN201811408653.8A CN201811408653A CN109384213A CN 109384213 A CN109384213 A CN 109384213A CN 201811408653 A CN201811408653 A CN 201811408653A CN 109384213 A CN109384213 A CN 109384213A
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- phenol
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- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/20—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28047—Gels
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01D2257/504—Carbon dioxide
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- Y02C—CAPTURE, STORAGE, SEQUESTRATION OR DISPOSAL OF GREENHOUSE GASES [GHG]
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation methods of phenol-urea-formaldehyde (PUF) condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel, specifically includes the following steps: first directly mixing phenol, urea and formaldehyde, polymerization reaction occurs under alkaline condition and obtains PUF condensation copolymerization resin；Resins dilute is placed on generation gel, aging in baking oven, obtains hydrogel；Hydrogel carries out solvent displacement, chilled, dry, obtains organic aerogel；Organic aerogel obtains PUF copolymer resins based charcoal aerogel by high temperature carbonization.Phenol-urea-formaldehyde (PUF) condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel produced by the present invention, specific surface area may be up to 2600m2/ g, for porosity up to 85% or more, aperture is 0.3 ~ 120nm, and nitrogen heteroatom content is 6 ~ 8%, the function of above-mentioned charcoal-aero gel can be made to have more specificity by aperture adjustment, it is made to have huge potentiality in terms of functionalized application, especially carbon dioxide capture.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of polymer materials, and in particular to a kind of phenol-urea-formaldehyde condensation copolymerization resin base nitrogen
Adulterate the preparation method of charcoal-aero gel.
Background technique
Charcoal-aero gel is a kind of novel porous carbon material, and since charcoal-aero gel has, porosity is high, density is low, specific surface
Product is high, thermal conductivity is low and the good characteristics such as good conductivity, has it in fields such as absorption, catalysis, heat-insulated and energy storage extensive
Application prospect.Currently, the raw material for preparing charcoal-aero gel mainly includes phenolic, biological material two major classes, wherein phenolic
Charcoal-aero gel is mainly using polyphenol, aldehydes as raw material, but polyphenol is expensive, and such as resorcinol, phloroglucin etc. is limited
The industrial applications of this aerogel-like.
Hetero atom is adulterated in Carbon Materials can effectively improve material property, can further expand its application range.Nitrogen
Element is a kind of important charcoal material surface modifying element, and the introducing of nitrogen-containing functional group can change material surface chemical characteristic,
Absorption property, the electrochemical properties etc. of material are obviously improved.The incorporation way of nitrogen is usually with melamine, second
The substances such as diamines, hexa, urea, amide mix with raw material and polymerization reaction occur and introduces presoma as nitrogen source
In, or mix directly charing with raw material and be introduced into Carbon Materials.Such as the patent of Publication No. CN108439400A describes
It is a kind of to obtain charing presoma with urea and bagasse Co carbonization, then the method for obtaining nitrating bagasse active carbon is activated,
Nitrating active carbon in the invention is compared with unmodified active carbon, to CO2Absorption is significantly increased.Publication No.
It with microcrystalline cellulose, protein, the concentrated sulfuric acid and water is raw material through hydrothermal synthesis system that the patent of CN108212034A, which describes a kind of,
Standby nitrating presoma, the method that nitrating charcoal-aero gel is made after freeze-drying, the invention are made with amido bond abundant in protein
Achieve the purpose that nitrating for nitrogen source, obtained nitrating charcoal-aero gel has excellent absorption property to heavy metal ion.
In recent years, the environmental problem that " greenhouse effects " cause is got worse, and the discharge for controlling and reducing greenhouse gases becomes
Various countries' urgent problem to be solved.CO2For main greenhouse gases, therefore control and reduce CO2The discharge of gas is to solve " greenhouse
The key of effect ".Wherein, CO2The enrichment of gas is control CO2The effective means of discharge, porous carbon material is due to its porosity
High, micropore, which enriches, can be used as excellent CO2Physical absorbent.Some researches show that the pore-size distribution of Carbon Materials is to influence CO2Gas
The principal element of adsorbance, and most suitable pore diameter range is < 1nm.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of systems of phenol-urea-formaldehyde condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel
Preparation Method, using urea as nitrogen source, is the low cost of N doping type charcoal-aero gel using relatively inexpensive phenol, formaldehyde as raw material
Preparation provides a kind of effective way.
To achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
A kind of preparation method of phenol-urea-formaldehyde condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel, specifically includes the following steps:
(1) formalin of phenol, urea and 37wt% are mixed into merga pass alkaline solution and pH value is adjusted to 8.5 ~ 10, then into
Row polymerization reaction obtains PUF copolymer resins, and the alkaline solution is preferably the NaOH solution of 33wt%, and the pH value is preferably
8.7-9.2；
(2) the PUF condensation copolymerization resin that step (1) obtains is diluted using dehydrated alcohol, then pH value is adjusted to 8.5 ~ 12.5, so
Afterwards under the conditions of 85 ~ 90 DEG C, isothermal reaction 5 ~ 6 days, hydrogel is obtained after gel, aging occurs；
(3) hydrogel obtained step (2) carries out solvent displacement, then freeze-dried obtains organic aerogel；
(4) organic aerogel for obtaining step (3) carries out carbonization reaction, obtains phenol-urea-formaldehyde (PUF) copolycondensation tree
Aliphatic radical N doping charcoal-aero gel.
Further, the sum of phenol and urea molal weight and formaldehyde molal weight ratio are 0.5 ~ 1 in step (1), phenol
It is 0.5 ~ 2 with urea molal weight ratio.
Further, heating rate is 1 ~ 5 DEG C/min in step (1), and polymeric reaction temperature is 85 ~ 90 DEG C, the reaction time
For 1 ~ 3h, it is preferable that heating rate is 2 DEG C/min, and polymeric reaction temperature is 85 DEG C, reaction time 2h.
Further, thinner ratio is 1.5 ~ 2.5, preferably 2 in step (2), and agents useful for same is second when adjusting solution ph
The NaOH solution of acid or 33wt%.
Further, solvent displacement solvent for use is 15wt% in step (3) ethanol solution or the tert-butyl alcohol, time swap
It is 5 ~ 6 days.
Further, freeze-drying temperature is -10 ~ -90 DEG C in step (3), preferably -85 ~ -90 DEG C, when freeze-drying
Between be 48 ~ 72h, preferably 48-50h.
Further, carbonization reaction is carried out in the inert gas that gas flow is 50 ~ 100ml/min in step (4),
Preferably nitrogen, gas flow are preferably 60-80ml/min, and carbonization temperature is 600 ~ 900 DEG C, and preferably 900 DEG C, carbonization time
For 2 ~ 3h, preferably 2h.
The phenol-urea-formaldehyde as made from above-mentioned preparation method (PUF) condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel,
Density is 0.07 ~ 0.30g/cm3, Char Yield is 12% ~ 40%, and specific surface area reaches 2600m2/ g, porosity reach 85% with
On, aperture is 0.3 ~ 120nm, and micropore average pore size is 0.5 ~ 2nm, and nitrogen heteroatom content is 6 ~ 8%, under the conditions of 0 DEG C, 1bar
CO2Adsorbance is 4.5 ~ 5.7mmol/g.
Above-mentioned phenol-urea-formaldehyde (PUF) condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel can be used for adsorbent, electricity
The numerous areas such as pole material, catalyst carrier and hydrogen storage material, of the invention focuses on dioxy in gas adsorption material field
Change the application of carbon capture.
Compared with prior art, present invention has an advantage that
1, currently, the preparation of phenolic charcoal-aero gel is mostly with expensive polyphenol, such as resorcinol, phloroglucin are raw material；
Or using phenol as raw material, but must the expensive crosslinking agent of addition.Raw material of the invention is phenol, urea and formaldehyde, is handed over without adding
Connection agent can prepare the good charcoal-aero gel of molding, realize the low cost of raw materials for production, be the scale metaplasia of charcoal-aero gel
Production provides a kind of effective way.
2, phenol-urea-formaldehyde condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel produced by the present invention, mean pore aperture
Adjustable within the scope of 0. 3 ~ 2nm, such as, feed change proportion adjusts colloidal sol thinner ratio, changes carbonization temperature etc. adjusting method.It is logical
The aperture for crossing regulation charcoal-aero gel can make charcoal-aero gel function obtained have more specificity.It is right as charcoal-aero gel aperture < 1nm
CO2Adsorption capacity is optimal；When aperture is slightly larger, specific capacitance is larger.
3, the obtained adjustable phenol-urea-formaldehyde condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel in aperture of the present invention, in function
Changing application aspect has huge potentiality.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the flow chart that PUF condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel is prepared in the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is 1 gained PUF copolymer resins base organic aerogel pictorial diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is 1 gained PUF condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel pictorial diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of 1 gained PUF condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the graph of pore diameter distribution of 1 ~ 3 gained PUF condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is the nitrogen Adsorption and desorption isotherms of 1 ~ 3 gained PUF condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel of the embodiment of the present invention
Figure；
Fig. 7 is the CO of 1 ~ 3 gained PUF condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel of the embodiment of the present invention2Absorption figure.
Specific embodiment
Clear, complete description is carried out to technical solution of the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment, it is clear that following
Described embodiments are some of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than whole embodiments, and embodiments described below is merely to illustrate
The present invention, and it is not construed as limitation of the scope of the invention.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art exist
Every other embodiment obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the embodiment, reagents or instruments used without specified manufacturer is that can be obtained by commercially available purchase
Conventional products.
Embodiment 1
(1) formalin of 47.0g phenol, 15.0g urea, 121.6g 37wt% are mixed, after mixing evenly, uses 33wt%
NaOH solution adjusts pH=8.7, carries out heating water bath to mixed liquor at reflux, is warming up to 85 DEG C of constant temperature 1h, heating rate
It for 2 DEG C/min, is during which stirred continuously, obtains copolymer resins；
(2) it takes 10ml copolymer resins to be diluted in 20ml dehydrated alcohol, adjusts pH=11.5, sealing with 33wt%NaOH solution again
In in glass container, being placed in 85 DEG C of baking ovens constant temperature 5 days, gel, aging occurs, obtains hydrogel；
(3) hydrogel is put into 15wt% ethanol solution and carries out solvent displacement 5 days, fresh solvent is replaced daily, after 5 days, by sample
It is placed in pre-freeze 5h in -90 DEG C of environment, freeze-drying 48h obtains organic aerogel；
(4) organic aerogel is placed in Clothoid type tube furnace and is carbonized, 900 DEG C of carbonization temperature, 5 DEG C/min of heating rate, constant temperature
2h, is during which constantly passed through nitrogen, and nitrogen flow rate is 65ml/min to get PUF condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel is arrived.
Gained PUF copolymer resins base organic aerogel pictorial diagram is as shown in Figure 2 in the embodiment of the present invention 1；Gained PUF cocondensation
Poly resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel pictorial diagram is as shown in Figure 3；The scanning of gained PUF condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel
Electron microscope is as shown in Figure 4；It can be seen that gained charcoal-aero gel has continuous three-dimensional net structure from scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph.
Embodiment 2 ~ 3
PUF condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel is prepared according to the method for embodiment 1, and difference is only in that, added raw material
Proportion is different: 2 raw material of embodiment is the formalin of 28.0g phenol, 18.0g urea, 97.4g 37wt%；3 raw material of embodiment is
The formalin of 31.3g phenol, 30g urea, 135.5g 37wt%.
Graph of pore diameter distribution such as Fig. 5 institute of gained PUF condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel in the embodiment of the present invention 1 ~ 3
Show；The nitrogen Adsorption and desorption isotherms figure of gained PUF condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel is as schemed in the embodiment of the present invention 1 ~ 3
Shown in 6；The CO of gained condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel in the embodiment of the present invention 1 ~ 32Absorption figure is as shown in Figure 7.
Table 1 is the data of gained PUF condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel in the embodiment of the present invention 1 ~ 3.
Note: surveyed CO2Adsorbance condition is 0 DEG C, 1b.
The foregoing is merely presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, all equivalent changes done according to scope of the present invention patent with
Modification, is all covered by the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of phenol-urea-formaldehyde condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel, which is characterized in that including
Following preparation step:
(1) formalin of phenol, urea and 37wt% are mixed and pH value is adjusted to 8.5 ~ 10, then heated up and polymerize instead
It should obtain PUF copolymer resins；
(2) the PUF condensation copolymerization resin that step (1) obtains is diluted using dehydrated alcohol, then pH value is adjusted to 8.5 ~ 12.5,
Then under the conditions of 85 ~ 90 DEG C, isothermal reaction 5 ~ 6 days, hydrogel is obtained after gel, aging occurs；
(3) hydrogel obtained step (2) carries out solvent displacement, then freeze-dried obtains organic aerogel；
(4) organic aerogel for obtaining step (3) carries out carbonization reaction, obtains phenol-urea-formaldehyde condensation copolymerization resin base
N doping charcoal-aero gel.
2. a kind of preparation side of phenol-urea-formaldehyde condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: the sum of phenol and urea molal weight and formaldehyde molal weight ratio are 0.5 ~ 1 in step (1), phenol and urine
Plain molal weight ratio is 0.5 ~ 2.
3. a kind of preparation side of phenol-urea-formaldehyde condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: in step (1) heating rate be 1 ~ 5 DEG C/min, polymeric reaction temperature be 85 ~ 90 DEG C, the reaction time be 1 ~
3h。
4. a kind of preparation side of phenol-urea-formaldehyde condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: thinner ratio is 1.5 ~ 2.5 in step (2), and the reagent for adjusting solution ph is acetic acid or the NaOH of 33wt%
Solution.
5. a kind of preparation side of phenol-urea-formaldehyde condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: in step (3) solvent displacement solvent for use be 15wt% ethanol solution or the tert-butyl alcohol, time swap be 5 ~
6 days.
6. a kind of preparation side of phenol-urea-formaldehyde condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: freeze-drying temperature is -10 ~ -90 DEG C in step (3), and sublimation drying is 48 ~ 72h.
7. a kind of preparation side of phenol-urea-formaldehyde condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel according to claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that: carbonization reaction is carried out in the nitrogen that gas flow is 50 ~ 100ml/min in step (4), charing temperature
Degree is 600 ~ 900 DEG C, and carbonization time is 2 ~ 3h.
8. phenol-urea-formaldehyde condensation copolymerization resin base made from a kind of preparation method as described in claim 1-7 any one
N doping charcoal-aero gel, it is characterised in that: the specific surface area of the gel reaches 2600m2/ g, porosity reach 85%, and aperture is
0.3 ~ 120nm, nitrogen heteroatom content are 6 ~ 8%.
9. a kind of phenol-urea-formaldehyde condensation copolymerization resin base N doping charcoal-aero gel as claimed in claim 8 is in gas absorption
Application in agent, electrode material and catalyst carrier.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109911880A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-06-21 | 浙江工业大学 | A method of constant pressure and dry prepares nitrogenous carbon aerogels under super salt environment |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1830769A (en) * | 2006-03-15 | 2006-09-13 | 大连理工大学 | Preparation method of high superficial area porous carbon material |
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- 2018-11-23 CN CN201811408653.8A patent/CN109384213A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1830769A (en) * | 2006-03-15 | 2006-09-13 | 大连理工大学 | Preparation method of high superficial area porous carbon material |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| XIAO-LI SU ET AL.: "Facile synthesis of 3D nitrogen-doped graphene aerogel nanomeshes with hierarchical porous structures for applications in high-performance supercapacitors", 《NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109911880A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-06-21 | 浙江工业大学 | A method of constant pressure and dry prepares nitrogenous carbon aerogels under super salt environment |
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