CN109382125B - Nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109382125B CN109382125B CN201710651278.9A CN201710651278A CN109382125B CN 109382125 B CN109382125 B CN 109382125B CN 201710651278 A CN201710651278 A CN 201710651278A CN 109382125 B CN109382125 B CN 109382125B
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- 239000010411 electrocatalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- HZUJFPFEXQTAEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynenickel Chemical compound [N].[Ni] HZUJFPFEXQTAEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyandiamide Chemical compound NC(N)=NC#N QGBSISYHAICWAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 21
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000001075 voltammogram Methods 0.000 description 15
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910021586 Nickel(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ni]Cl QMMRZOWCJAIUJA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 241000282414 Homo sapiens Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000010757 Reduction Activity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 238000003917 TEM image Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000026 X-ray photoelectron spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- DLGYNVMUCSTYDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;pyridine Chemical compound N.C1=CC=NC=C1 DLGYNVMUCSTYDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010531 catalytic reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;nickel Chemical compound [Ni].CC(O)=O.CC(O)=O MQRWBMAEBQOWAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940078494 nickel acetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/24—Nitrogen compounds
-
- B01J35/33—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/082—Decomposition and pyrolysis
- B01J37/084—Decomposition of carbon-containing compounds into carbon
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/08—Heat treatment
- B01J37/10—Heat treatment in the presence of water, e.g. steam
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of a nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst, which comprises the following steps: A) dispersing nickel salt, dicyandiamide and ammonium chloride in water, drying and calcining; B) mixing the calcined product with glucose in water and then carrying out hydrothermal reaction; C) and calcining the product of the hydrothermal reaction to obtain the nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst. The invention utilizes the limited-area reaction to disperse the nickel in the form of single atom in the nitrogen-doped carbon-based material, thereby avoiding the agglomeration and the loss of active sites. The prepared catalyst shows excellent electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction performance, and the selectivity of the catalyst on carbon monoxide can reach 99%. The preparation method provided by the invention has the characteristics of simple process flow, low cost, large yield, suitability for industrial production and the like, and has potential application value. The invention also provides a nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst and application thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of catalysis, and particularly relates to a nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst, a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Energy is the basis for the survival and development of human society. The energy required by human beings at present depends heavily on petroleum energy. The excessive consumption of petroleum energy not only aggravates the energy crisis, but also causes the excessive emission of generated carbon dioxide, brings about the greenhouse effect which is getting more and more serious, and seriously threatens the survival and development of human beings. The conversion and utilization of the carbon dioxide can not only effectively reduce the accumulation of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but also convert the carbon dioxide into carbon-containing chemicals, thereby promoting the circulation of the carbon.
The reduction of carbon dioxide by electrocatalysis is one of the most promising ways to realize the conversion and utilization of carbon dioxide. Despite the many advances made with respect to carbon dioxide electrocatalytic reduction, the diversity of the reduction products makes the carbon dioxide reduction less selective, especially the reduction of water to hydrogen is the main competing reaction in the carbon dioxide catalytic reduction process, resulting in a lower carbon dioxide conversion. Noble metals such as Au, Ag show excellent selectivity when applied to carbon dioxide reduction, but their expensive price still limits further development as carbon dioxide reduction electrocatalysts. Therefore, the search for cheap and efficient carbon dioxide reduction electrocatalysts becomes a problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst, a preparation method and application thereof.
The invention provides a preparation method of a nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst, which comprises the following steps:
A) dispersing nickel salt, dicyandiamide and ammonium chloride in water, drying and calcining;
B) mixing the calcined product with glucose in water and then carrying out hydrothermal reaction;
C) and calcining the product of the hydrothermal reaction to obtain the nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst.
Preferably, the nickel salt is a divalent soluble nickel salt.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the nickel salt to the dicyandiamide is (0.2-5): 100, respectively;
the mass ratio of the nickel salt to the ammonium chloride is (0.2-5): 500.
preferably, the calcining temperature in the step A) is 500-650 ℃;
the calcining time in the step A) is 1-4 hours.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the calcined product in the step A) to the glucose is (0.7-1.5): 5.
preferably, the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 160-200 ℃;
the time of the hydrothermal reaction is 10-20 hours.
Preferably, the calcining temperature in the step C) is 800-1100 ℃;
the calcining time in the step C) is 0.5-4 hours.
The invention provides a nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst which is prepared according to the preparation method.
Preferably, the mass fraction of nitrogen in the nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst is 3-6%;
the mass fraction of nickel in the nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst is 1-3%.
Application of nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst in reduction reaction of carbon dioxide
The invention provides a preparation method of a nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst, which comprises the following steps: A) dispersing nickel salt, dicyandiamide and ammonium chloride in water, drying and calcining; B) mixing the calcined product with glucose in water and then carrying out hydrothermal reaction; C) and calcining the product of the hydrothermal reaction to obtain the nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst. The invention utilizes the limited-area reaction to disperse the nickel in the form of single atom in the nitrogen-doped carbon-based material, thereby avoiding the agglomeration and the loss of active sites. The prepared catalyst shows excellent electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction performance, and the selectivity of the catalyst on carbon monoxide can reach 99%. The preparation method provided by the invention has the characteristics of simple process flow, low cost, large yield, suitability for industrial production and the like, and has potential application value.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the product of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a TEM image of the product of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the distribution of elements of the product of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a graph of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the product of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a HAADF diagram of the product of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a plot of the linear voltammogram of the electrocatalyst in example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 7 is a plot of the linear voltammogram of the electrocatalyst in example 2 of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a plot of the linear voltammogram of the electrocatalyst in example 3 of the invention;
FIG. 9 is a plot of the linear voltammogram of the electrocatalyst in example 4 of the invention;
FIG. 10 is a plot of the linear voltammogram of the electrocatalyst in example 5 of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a plot of the linear voltammogram of the electrocatalyst in comparative example 1 of the invention;
FIG. 12 is a plot of the linear voltammogram of the electrocatalyst in comparative example 2 of the invention;
fig. 13 is a graph showing the faradaic efficiency curves of the catalysts of example 1, comparative example 1, and comparative example 2 of the present invention for reducing carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method of a nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst, which comprises the following steps:
A) dispersing nickel salt, dicyandiamide and ammonium chloride in water, drying and calcining;
B) mixing the calcined product with glucose in water and then carrying out hydrothermal reaction;
C) and calcining the product of the hydrothermal reaction to obtain the nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst.
The electrocatalyst prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention is high in reaction selectivity and low in cost.
The method comprises the steps of dispersing nickel salt, dicyandiamide and ammonium chloride in water, stirring at 80 ℃, evaporating to remove water, and calcining to obtain a calcined product. In the present invention, the nickel salt is preferably a divalent soluble nickel salt, more preferably nickel nitrate, nickel acetate, nickel chloride; the mass ratio of the nickel salt to the dicyandiamide is preferably (0.2-5): 100, more preferably (1-4): 100, respectively; the mass ratio of the nickel salt to the ammonium chloride is (0.2-5): 500, more preferably (1-4): 500. specifically, in the embodiment of the present invention, it may be 1:100:500, 3.5:100:500 or 4.7:100: 500. In the invention, the temperature of the primary calcination is preferably 500-650 ℃, and more preferably 550-600 ℃; the time for the first calcination is preferably 1 to 4 hours, and more preferably 2 to 3 hours. The method preferably heats up at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min, heats up to the calcining temperature, then calcines, and naturally cools down after calcining.
Mixing the product after the primary calcination and glucose in water, and then carrying out hydrothermal reaction, wherein the mass ratio of the product after the primary calcination to the glucose is preferably (0.7-1.5): 5, more preferably (1-1.2): 5. the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is preferably 160-200 ℃, and more preferably 180-190 ℃; the time of the hydrothermal reaction is preferably 10 to 20 hours, and more preferably 12 to 18 hours. And after the hydrothermal reaction is finished, naturally cooling the product, then sequentially washing the product of the hydrothermal reaction by deionized water and ethanol, and then drying the product.
Calcining a product of the hydrothermal reaction, wherein the calcination is preferably performed in an argon atmosphere, and the calcination temperature is preferably 800-1100 ℃, and more preferably 900-1000 ℃; the calcination time is preferably 0.5 to 4 hours, and more preferably 1 to 3 hours. According to the invention, the temperature is preferably increased to the calcination temperature at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min, then calcination is carried out, and the temperature is reduced to the room temperature at the speed of 5-10 ℃/min after calcination is finished, so that the nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst is obtained.
The invention also provides a nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst prepared by the preparation method. The mass fraction of nitrogen in the nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst is preferably 3-6%, more preferably 4%, and the mass fraction of nickel is preferably 1-3%, more preferably 1.4%. The N element has two forms of graphite nitrogen and pyridine nitrogen in the catalyst, and Ni is connected with the pyridine nitrogen. The outermost layer of the catalyst is wrapped with graphene generated by glucose carbonization.
The invention also provides application of the electrocatalyst in catalytic reduction of carbon dioxide.
The invention provides a preparation method of a nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst, which comprises the following steps: A) dispersing nickel salt, dicyandiamide and ammonium chloride in water, drying and calcining; B) mixing the calcined product with glucose in water and then carrying out hydrothermal reaction; C) and calcining the product of the hydrothermal reaction to obtain the nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst. According to the invention, the nickel in a single atom form is dispersed in the nitrogen-doped carbon-based material by utilizing the limited-domain reaction, and the glucose is introduced as a protective layer, so that the agglomeration and the loss of active sites in the high-temperature calcination process are avoided. The prepared catalyst shows excellent electrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction performance, and the selectivity of the catalyst on carbon monoxide can reach 99%. The preparation method provided by the invention has the characteristics of simple process flow, low cost, large yield, suitability for industrial production and the like, and has potential application value.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are provided to describe the nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst, the preparation method and the application thereof in detail, but the invention should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Mixing and dispersing nickel chloride, dicyandiamide and ammonium chloride with water according to the mass ratio of 3.5:100:500, stirring below 80 ℃, and evaporating to dryness;
putting the evaporated sample into a crucible, calcining for 1 hour at 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and then cooling to room temperature at the cooling rate of 5 ℃/min;
mixing the calcined sample and glucose with water according to the mass ratio of 1:5, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 12 hours at 180 ℃, sequentially washing the obtained product with deionized water and ethanol, and then drying;
placing the sample subjected to the hydrothermal treatment in a quartz tube, calcining for 0.5 hour at the temperature rising rate of 5 ℃/min in the argon atmosphere of 1000 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature at the temperature falling rate of 5 ℃/min to obtain the nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst.
The prepared sample was analyzed by XRD and the result is shown in fig. 1. FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of the product of example 1 of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 1, the spectrum of fig. 1 is consistent with that of graphene, and it can be determined that the carbon of the sample is changed into graphene through high-temperature treatment. Since the graphene does not crystallize due to a small Ni content, no Ni diffraction peak appears in the spectrum.
TEM analysis was performed on the prepared samples, and the results are shown in FIGS. 2 to 3. FIG. 2 is a TEM image of the product of example 1 of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the distribution of elements of the product of example 1 of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 2, the prepared sample has a flake morphology, and the elemental distribution diagram of fig. 3 shows that nickel and nitrogen are uniformly distributed on carbon.
The prepared sample was subjected to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the results are shown in fig. 4, and fig. 4 is a graph showing X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of the product of example 1 of the present invention. Wherein, the XPS spectrum of the graph a is Ni2p, the XPS spectrum of the graph b is N1s, and N and Ni are successfully doped into carbon according to the graph 4.
HAADF characterization was performed on the prepared samples and the results are shown in fig. 5, fig. 5 is a HAADF graph of the product of example 1 of the present invention. As can be seen from fig. 5, Ni is dispersed as a single atom on the carbon substrate.
Example 2
Mixing and dispersing nickel chloride, dicyandiamide and ammonium chloride with water according to the mass ratio of 1:100:500, stirring at the temperature of below 80 ℃, and evaporating to dryness;
putting the evaporated sample into a crucible, calcining at 550 ℃ for 2 hours at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and then cooling to room temperature at the cooling rate of 5 ℃/min;
mixing the calcined sample and glucose with water according to the mass ratio of 1:5, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 12 hours at 180 ℃, sequentially washing the obtained product with deionized water and ethanol, and then drying;
placing the sample subjected to the hydrothermal treatment in a quartz tube, calcining for 1 hour at the temperature rising rate of 5 ℃/min in the argon atmosphere of 1000 ℃, and then reducing the temperature to room temperature at the temperature falling rate of 5 ℃/min to obtain the nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst.
Example 3
Mixing and dispersing nickel chloride, dicyandiamide and ammonium chloride with water according to the mass ratio of 4.7:100:500, stirring below 80 ℃, and evaporating to dryness;
putting the evaporated sample into a crucible, calcining at 600 ℃ for 3 hours at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and then cooling to room temperature at the cooling rate of 5 ℃/min;
mixing the calcined sample and glucose with water according to the mass ratio of 1:5, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 16 hours at 160 ℃, sequentially washing the obtained product with deionized water and ethanol, and then drying;
placing the sample subjected to the hydrothermal treatment in a quartz tube, calcining for 3 hours at the temperature rising rate of 5 ℃/min in the argon atmosphere of 1000 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature at the temperature falling rate of 5 ℃/min to obtain the nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst.
Example 4
Mixing and dispersing nickel chloride, dicyandiamide and ammonium chloride with water according to the mass ratio of 3.5:100:500, stirring below 80 ℃, and evaporating to dryness;
putting the evaporated sample into a crucible, calcining for 1 hour at 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and then cooling to room temperature at the cooling rate of 5 ℃/min;
mixing the calcined sample and glucose with water according to the mass ratio of 1:5, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 12 hours at 180 ℃, sequentially washing the obtained product with deionized water and ethanol, and then drying;
placing the sample subjected to the hydrothermal treatment in a quartz tube, calcining for 0.5 hour at the temperature rising rate of 5 ℃/min in the argon atmosphere at the temperature of 1100 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature at the temperature falling rate of 5 ℃/min to obtain the nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst.
Example 5
Mixing and dispersing nickel chloride, dicyandiamide and ammonium chloride with water according to the mass ratio of 3.5:100:500, stirring below 80 ℃, and evaporating to dryness;
putting the evaporated sample into a crucible, calcining for 1 hour at 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and then cooling to room temperature at the cooling rate of 5 ℃/min;
mixing the calcined sample and glucose with water according to the mass ratio of 1:5, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 12 hours at 180 ℃, sequentially washing the obtained product with deionized water and ethanol, and then drying;
placing the sample subjected to the hydrothermal treatment in a quartz tube, calcining for 0.5 hour at the temperature rising rate of 5 ℃/min in the argon atmosphere at the temperature of 800 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature at the temperature falling rate of 5 ℃/min to obtain the nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst.
Comparative example 1
Mixing dicyandiamide and ammonium chloride with water according to the mass ratio of 2:10, dispersing, stirring at the temperature of below 80 ℃, and drying by distillation;
putting the evaporated sample into a crucible, calcining for 1 hour at 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and then cooling to room temperature at the cooling rate of 5 ℃/min;
mixing the calcined sample and glucose with water according to the mass ratio of 1:5, carrying out hydrothermal reaction for 12 hours at 180 ℃, sequentially washing the obtained product with deionized water and ethanol, and then drying;
placing the sample after the hydrothermal treatment in a quartz tube, calcining for 0.5 hour at the temperature rising rate of 5 ℃/min in the argon atmosphere of 1000 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature at the temperature falling rate of 5 ℃/min to obtain the nitrogen-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst.
Comparative example 2
Mixing and dispersing nickel chloride, dicyandiamide and ammonium chloride with water according to the mass ratio of 3.5:100:500, stirring below 80 ℃, and evaporating to dryness;
putting the evaporated sample into a crucible, calcining for 1 hour at 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃/min, and then cooling to room temperature at the cooling rate of 5 ℃/min;
and placing the calcined sample in a quartz tube, calcining for 0.5 hour at the temperature rising rate of 5 ℃/min in the argon atmosphere of 1000 ℃, and then cooling to room temperature at the temperature falling rate of 5 ℃/min to obtain the carbon-based electrocatalyst.
The results of testing the reduction activity of the electrocatalysts obtained in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 2 on carbon dioxide are shown in fig. 6 to 12, and fig. 6 is a linear voltammogram of the electrocatalyst obtained in example 1 of the present invention; FIG. 7 is a plot of the linear voltammogram of the electrocatalyst in example 2 of the invention; FIG. 8 is a plot of the linear voltammogram of the electrocatalyst in example 3 of the invention; FIG. 9 is a plot of the linear voltammogram of the electrocatalyst in example 4 of the invention; FIG. 10 is a plot of the linear voltammogram of the electrocatalyst in example 5 of the invention; FIG. 11 is a plot of the linear voltammogram of the electrocatalyst in comparative example 1 of the invention; FIG. 12 is a plot of the linear voltammogram of the electrocatalyst in comparative example 2 of the invention; as can be seen from the above linear voltammogram, the catalysts of examples 1-5 of the present invention have good carbon dioxide reduction activity, while the catalysts of comparative examples 1 and 2 have poor reduction activity.
The present invention measured the faradaic efficiency of the electrocatalysts obtained in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2, and the results are shown in fig. 13, where fig. 13 is a faradaic efficiency curve of the catalysts in example 1, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 of the present invention for reducing carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide. As can be seen from fig. 13, the nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst in example 1 of the present invention has a high faraday efficiency, and has a selectivity of 99% for the reduction reaction of carbon dioxide, while the faraday efficiencies of the catalysts in comparative examples 1 and 2 are less than 70% at most.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst comprises the following steps:
A) dispersing nickel salt, dicyandiamide and ammonium chloride in water, drying and calcining;
B) mixing the calcined product with glucose in water and then carrying out hydrothermal reaction;
C) and calcining the product of the hydrothermal reaction in an argon atmosphere to obtain the nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the nickel salt is a divalent soluble nickel salt.
3. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the nickel salt to the dicyandiamide is (0.2-5): 100, respectively;
the mass ratio of the nickel salt to the ammonium chloride is (0.2-5): 500.
4. the preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the calcining temperature in the step A) is 500-650 ℃;
the calcining time in the step A) is 1-4 hours.
5. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the calcined product in the step A) to the glucose is (0.7-1.5): 5.
6. the preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction is 160-200 ℃;
the time of the hydrothermal reaction is 10-20 hours.
7. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the calcination in the step C) is 800-1100 ℃;
the calcining time in the step C) is 0.5-4 hours.
8. A nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-7.
9. The nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst according to claim 8, wherein the mass fraction of nitrogen in the nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst is 3-6%;
the mass fraction of nickel in the nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst is 1-3%.
10. Use of the nickel-nitrogen co-doped carbon-based electrocatalyst according to claim 8 or 9 in a reaction for reducing carbon dioxide.
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| CN111215099B (en) * | 2020-02-24 | 2022-07-15 | 中国科学技术大学 | MoSe2/Co9S8Nano heterostructure material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN113548700A (en) * | 2021-07-26 | 2021-10-26 | 河南师范大学 | Preparation method of iron-nickel-nitrogen-carbon nano material |
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