CN109381830A - A kind of overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting system and water supply fire-fighting method - Google Patents

A kind of overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting system and water supply fire-fighting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109381830A
CN109381830A CN201811541776.9A CN201811541776A CN109381830A CN 109381830 A CN109381830 A CN 109381830A CN 201811541776 A CN201811541776 A CN 201811541776A CN 109381830 A CN109381830 A CN 109381830A
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China
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fire
water
pipeline
pond
hole
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CN201811541776.9A
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CN109381830B (en
Inventor
杨秀军
张晋阳
王文菁
金蕊
石志刚
汤召志
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BEIJING JIAOKE HIGHWAY SURVEYING DESIGN AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE
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BEIJING JIAOKE HIGHWAY SURVEYING DESIGN AND RESEARCH INSTITUTE
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Priority to CN201811541776.9A priority Critical patent/CN109381830B/en
Publication of CN109381830A publication Critical patent/CN109381830A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C31/00Delivery of fire-extinguishing material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C35/00Permanently-installed equipment
    • A62C35/58Pipe-line systems
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62CFIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C37/00Control of fire-fighting equipment
    • A62C37/36Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device
    • A62C37/38Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone
    • A62C37/40Control of fire-fighting equipment an actuating signal being generated by a sensor separate from an outlet device by both sensor and actuator, e.g. valve, being in the danger zone with electric connection between sensor and actuator

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Fire-Extinguishing By Fire Departments, And Fire-Extinguishing Equipment And Control Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting system and water supply fire-fighting method, and overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting system includes: laterally laterally contact pipeline (4), third laterally laterally contact pipeline (6), conversion pond (7), high position fire cistern (8), reservoir (9), deep-well (10), connector and valve etc. in hole of contact pipeline (5), the 4th of contact pipeline (3), second of left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1), right threaded list road fire protection pipeline (2), first.Advantage are as follows: the present invention converts pond by being arranged in hole in tunnel, tunnel water fire fighting system is segmented into two or more not only mutually indepedent but also can be with the waterworks for firefighting of connection, the reliability for improving tunnel fire protection system solves the problems, such as system overpressure, supplies water apart from too long poor reliability.

Description

A kind of overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting system and water supply fire-fighting method
Technical field
The invention belongs to communications and transportation and equipment technical field, and in particular to a kind of overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting System and water supply fire-fighting method.
Background technique
It is general using the normal high-pressure feed water side of gravity that high-order fire cistern is arranged for vcehicular tunnel especially mountain tunnel Case, the scheme specifically used are as follows: in tunnel, inner sidewall is along length of tunnel direction setting fire protection pipeline, fire protection pipeline every certain Distance installation fire hydrant;Head-tank is set in tunnel outer, head-tank is connected to fire protection pipeline, to realize head-tank It supplies water to the pressurization of fire hydrant.
However, above-mentioned fire-fighting system is in Super Long Tunnel (about 10km), the excessive tunnel of height difference (height difference is more than 100m) or length It is had the disadvantage that apart from open roof tunnel
(1) it for Super Long Tunnel, since the length that fire protection pipeline needs to arrange is longer, supplies water apart from too long, therefore, fire-fighting The valve quantity installed on pipeline is excessive, and water pipe head is excessive, by taking the tunnel 10km as an example, it usually needs installation 800 or so Valve, 3600 or so water pipe heads, therefore, reliability of water supply is poor, once the fire protection pipeline rupture of some position or valve When door damage, entire fire-fighting system paralysis will lead to;
(2) tunnel excessive for height difference needs to be arranged multiple tracks pressure reducing valve on fire protection pipeline, since pressure reducing valve is to water quality requirement It is higher, it is easy obstruction filter hole in the field environment, causes to depressurize defective valve.Once depressurizing defective valve, water pipe will burst, lead Entire fire-fighting system is caused to paralyse;Therefore, on the one hand, reliability of water supply is poor;On the other hand, it needs often to safeguard pressure reducing valve And maintenance, it is at high cost;
(3) for long range open roof tunnel, single-ended setting head-tank deposits the fire hydrant far from head-tank side In insufficient pressure or On The Problem Of Overpressure.To guarantee fire fighting supply requirement, needs that a set of fire-fighting system is separately provided in the other end, need Want fire water supply, fire pump room, pond etc..The region limited for the setting condition such as mountain tunnel water source, pump house, needs very big Cost can just be met the requirements, and therefore, cost of layout is high.
Therefore, study it is a kind of meet the high reliability including the complicated tunnel such as Super Long Tunnel for water fire fighting system, be mesh Preceding thing in the urgent need to address.
Summary of the invention
In view of the defects existing in the prior art, the present invention provide a kind of overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting system and Water supply fire-fighting method can effectively solve the above problems.
The technical solution adopted by the invention is as follows:
The present invention provides a kind of overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting system, comprising: left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1), Laterally laterally contact pipeline (4), third transverse direction contact pipeline of contact pipeline (3), second of right threaded list road fire protection pipeline (2), first (5), the 4th laterally contact pipeline (6), conversion pond (7), high position fire cistern (8), reservoir (9) and deep-well (10) in hole;
The left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1) is fixedly mounted along tunnel direction of traffic in pipe trench in left threaded list road;In right line The right threaded list road fire protection pipeline (2) is fixedly mounted along tunnel direction of traffic in the pipe trench in tunnel;The left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1) front end is laterally got in touch with pipeline (3) by described first with the front end of the right threaded list road fire protection pipeline (2) and is connected to;It is described The rear end of left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1) and the rear end of the right threaded list road fire protection pipeline (2) are laterally got in touch with by described second Pipeline (4) connection;Thus make laterally contact pipeline (3), the right threaded list of the left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1), described first Road fire protection pipeline (2) and described second laterally gets in touch with pipeline (4) end to end formation fire fighting supply loop;Wherein, described first Laterally contact pipeline (3), described second laterally get in touch with pipeline (4), third transverse direction contact pipeline (5) and the described 4th laterally Contact pipeline (6) is respectively mounted under the pavement;
Between the left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1) and the right threaded list road fire protection pipeline (2), press from front end to the back-end Direction, being successively transversely mounted the third every setting spacing, laterally pipeline is laterally got in touch in contact pipeline (5) and the described 4th (6);Wherein, the third laterally contact pipeline (5) both ends respectively with the left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1) and the right line Tunnel fire protection pipeline (2) connection;It is described 4th laterally contact pipeline (6) both ends respectively with the left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1) it is connected to the right threaded list road fire protection pipeline (2);By the third, laterally contact pipeline (5) and the described 4th laterally joins The setting of network pipeline (6), by the total ring of the fire fighting supply be divided into rear end water supply subring (B1), middle part connection subring (B2) and Front end water supply subring (B3);
Wherein, the left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1) above, and belong to the region of middle part connection subring (B2) 1st solenoid valve (11) is installed;The right threaded list road fire protection pipeline (2) above, and belong to middle part connection subring (B2) Region install the 2nd solenoid valve (12);
The moisturizing end that pond (7) are converted in the hole passes through water supply pipe (13) and the left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1) Moisturizing point connection, wherein the moisturizing point is located in middle part connection subring (B2), and is located at the 1st solenoid valve (11) front end;The 3rd solenoid valve (14) is installed above in the water supply pipe (13);In the hole convert pond (7) for water end (W.E.) It is connected to by the 1st water supplying pipe (15) with the water supply point of the left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1);Wherein, the water supply point is located at institute State rear end water supply subring (B1) above;5th solenoid valve (32) is installed on the 1st water supplying pipe (15).
The high position fire cistern (8), the reservoir (9) and the deep-well (10) are mounted on tunnel outer;It is described The 2nd water supplying pipe (16) is arranged between deep-well (10) and the reservoir (9), deep well pump (17) is installed in the deep-well (10), institute Deep well pump (17) are stated to supply water by the 2nd water supplying pipe (16) the Xiang Suoshu reservoir (9);The high position fire cistern (8) and institute The 3rd water supplying pipe (18) of arrangement between reservoir (9) is stated, water-delivery pump (19) are installed in the reservoir (9), the water-delivery pump (19) It is supplied water by the 3rd water supplying pipe (18) to the high-order fire cistern (8);The water delivery end of the high position fire cistern (8) is logical The 4th water supplying pipe (30) is crossed to be connected to the front end water supply subring (B3);The 4th electricity of output end installation of 4th water supplying pipe (30) Magnet valve (31).
Preferably, it is converted in the hole and the 1st liquidometer (20) is installed in pond (7);Peace in the high position fire cistern (8) Fill the 2nd liquidometer (21);3rd liquidometer (22) is installed in the reservoir (9);
The output end of 1st liquidometer (20), the 2nd liquidometer (21) and the 3rd liquidometer (22) be System control platform is connected;The output end of the system control panel respectively with the 1st solenoid valve (11), the 2nd electromagnetism Valve (12), the 3rd solenoid valve (14), the 4th solenoid valve (31) are connected with the 5th solenoid valve (32).
Preferably, in the different location in left threaded list road and right threaded list road, several fire detectors are installed;The fire is visited The output end for surveying device is connected to the system control panel.
Preferably, filter (23) are installed on the 4th water supplying pipe (30).
Preferably, Slow Close Valve (24) are installed on the 4th water supplying pipe (30).
Preferably, the left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1) and the right threaded list road fire protection pipeline (2) above, along tunnel Length direction installs fire hydrant (25) in multiple holes;
The force (forcing) pump (29) that setting is connected to the 1st water supplying pipe (15) in pond (7) is converted in the hole.
Preferably, described first pipeline (3) and second lateral contact pipeline (4) are laterally got in touch with above, be mounted on Fire hydrant (26) and pump adapter (27) outside hole.
Preferably, described first pipeline (3) and the second lateral end for getting in touch with pipeline (4) are laterally got in touch with, be equipped with Blow valve/exhaust valve (28).
The present invention also provides a kind of fire fighting supply methods based on overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting system, including with Lower step:
Step 1, usually, there is no in the case where fire, system control panel controls the 1st solenoid valve (11) and the 2nd electricity Magnet valve (12) is in off state, and the 4th solenoid valve (31) is in an open state;5th solenoid valve (32) is in an open state;
At this point, in the 2nd liquidometer (21) the real-time detection high position fire cistern (8) installed in high-order fire cistern (8) 1st water level value is simultaneously sent to system control panel;In the 3rd liquidometer (22) the real-time detection reservoir installed in reservoir (9) The 2nd water level value and be sent to system control panel;The 1st liquidometer (20) real-time detection installed in pond (7) is converted in hole The 3rd water level value in pond (7) is converted in hole and is sent to system control panel;
The detection data that system control panel is transmitted according to the 3rd liquidometer (22), the 2nd water of real-time judge reservoir (9) Whether place value meets the requirements, if conditions are not met, then starting deep well pump (17), deep well pump (17) is fetched water from deep-well (10), is delivered to Reservoir (9) is closed deep well pump (17) when meeting peak level requirement;Thus the water level in reservoir (9) is maintained always It meets the requirements;
The detection data that system control panel is transmitted according to the 2nd liquidometer (21), real-time judge high position fire cistern (8) Whether the 1st water level value meets the requirements, if being unsatisfactory for water level requirement, starts water-delivery pump (19), and water-delivery pump (19) is from reservoir (9) water is extracted, is pumped by the 3rd water supplying pipe (18) to high-order fire cistern (8) and closes water-delivery pump when meeting the requirements (19);Thus the water level in high-order fire cistern (8) is maintained to meet the requirements always;
The detection data that system control panel is transmitted according to the 1st liquidometer (20) is converted in real-time judge hole pond (7) Whether the 3rd water level value meets the requirements, if conditions are not met, then opening the 3rd solenoid valve (14) carries out moisturizing, method for supplementing water are as follows: high-order After water in fire cistern (8) passes through front end water supply subring (B3) under the effect of gravity, water supply pipe (13) are flowed into, are finally flowed into Pond (7) are converted in hole, realize the moisturizing to pond (7) are converted in hole, Real-time Water after converting pond (7) moisturizing in hole When place value is met the requirements, the 3rd solenoid valve (14) is closed;Thus the water level converted in pond (7) in hole is maintained to meet the requirements always;
Step 2, system control panel is real by being arranged in the fire detector in left threaded list road and right threaded list road different location When detect left threaded list road and whether right threaded list road corresponding position occurs fire, when detect fire occurs when, system control panel The position that further floods occur for judgement at this time belongs to rear end water supply subring (B1) or front end water supply subring (B3);If belonged to Rear end water supply subring (B1), thens follow the steps 3;If belonging to front end water supply subring (B3), 4 are thened follow the steps;
Step 3, system control panel further judges whether the water supply of high-order fire cistern (8) breaks down, if do not had It is faulty, then it does not break down if converting pond (7) in force (forcing) pump (29) and hole, executes step 3.1;If force (forcing) pump (29) and in hole pond (7) are converted to break down, executes step 3.2;If the water supply of high-order fire cistern (8) is broken down, Then follow the steps 3.3;
Step 3.1, on the one hand, starting force (forcing) pump (29), force (forcing) pump (29) will be converted the water in pond (7) and be transported in hole Fire hydrant in the hole of corresponding position is opened in rear end water supply subring (B1), is provided by the fire protection pipeline water in rear end water supply subring (B1) Fire occurs the fire extinguishing demand of position;On the other hand, system control panel is based on the detected value of the 1st liquidometer (20) to the 3rd The state real-time perfoming of solenoid valve (14) controls, and by gravity flows into the water in high-order fire cistern (8) in hole and turns It changes pond (7), realizes the timely moisturizing to pond (7) are converted in hole, guarantee water of conversion pond (7) in working condition in hole Position still meets requirement;Step 3.2, it breaks down if converting pond (7) in force (forcing) pump (29) and hole, opens the 1st solenoid valve (11) and the 2nd solenoid valve (12) the 5th solenoid valve (32), is closed;
Water in high-order fire cistern (8) is under the effect of gravity along left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1) and the right threaded list road Fire protection pipeline (2) flowing, is finally transported to rear end water supply subring (B1), opens fire hydrant in the hole of corresponding position, supplied by rear end Fire protection pipeline water in water subring (B1) provides the fire extinguishing demand for fire occurring position;
Step 3.3, on the one hand, starting force (forcing) pump (29), force (forcing) pump (29) will be converted the water in pond (7) and be transported in hole Rear end water supply subring (B1), opens fire hydrant in the hole of corresponding position, is mentioned by the fire protection pipeline water in rear end water supply subring (B1) For fire occurring the fire extinguishing demand of position;On the other hand, system control panel controls the 3rd solenoid valve (14) and is in off state, The fire extinguishing for not meeting design scenario to the design capacity that conversion pond (7) carries out moisturizing, and converts pond (7) in hole in hole is wanted It asks;
Step 4, system control panel judges whether the water supply of high-order fire cistern (8) breaks down, if without failure, Then follow the steps 4.1;If there is failure, 4.2 are thened follow the steps;
Step 4.1, the 4th solenoid valve (31) is maintained open state, at this time, on the one hand, the water in high-order fire cistern (8) exists It is flowed into front end water supply subring (B3) under gravity, opens fire hydrant in the hole of corresponding position, by front end water supply subring (B3) In fire protection pipeline water provide to fire occur position fire extinguishing demand;On the other hand, system control panel is to water-delivery pump (19) It is controlled with deep well pump (17), makes the water in deep-well (10) in time to reservoir (9) moisturizing, and reservoir (9) is in time to height Position fire cistern (8) moisturizing guarantees that water level of the high-order fire cistern (8) in working condition still meets requirement;
Step 4.2, system control panel closes the 4th solenoid valve (31), opens the 1st solenoid valve (11) and the 2nd solenoid valve (12), at this point, the water converted in pond (7) in hole is transported to rear end water supply subring (B1) simultaneously by force (forcing) pump (29), middle part connects Logical subring (B2) and front end water supply subring (B3) open corresponding position hole since front end water supply subring (B3) obtains fire water Interior fire hydrant, and then realize and the function that position is put out a fire is occurred to fire.
A kind of overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting system provided by the invention and water supply fire-fighting method have following Advantage:
The present invention converts pond by being arranged in hole in tunnel, tunnel water fire fighting system is segmented into two or more Not only mutually indepedent to improve the reliability of tunnel fire protection system again with the waterworks for firefighting of connection, solve system overpressure, confession The problem of water distance is from too long poor reliability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of arrangement schematic diagram of overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting system provided by the invention.
Specific embodiment
In order to which the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects solved by the present invention is more clearly understood, below in conjunction with Accompanying drawings and embodiments, the present invention will be described in further detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only to It explains the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
For the tunnel Dan Po, tunnel water fire fighting system generally uses the stable high-pressure water system of head-tank, fire working Under, it realizes that the fire-fighting to tunnel is pressurizeed using the height difference between head-tank and fire hydrant and supplies water.But the program supplies water apart from mistake It is long, once intermediate conduit goes wrong or depressurized system failure will cause the paralysis of whole system, influence the operation peace in tunnel Entirely.The present invention tunnel excessive for Super Long Tunnel or entrance height difference, solves single-ended water supply superpressure, system reliability is poor Technical problem.The present invention by tunnel be arranged hole in convert pond, by tunnel water fire fighting system be segmented into two (or It is multiple) it is not only mutually indepedent can improve the reliability of tunnel fire protection system again with the waterworks for firefighting of connection, solve system and surpass The problem of pressure, water supply are apart from too long poor reliability.The program has system constitutes simple, control flexibly, and later maintenance amount is small etc. Outstanding advantages.The program can effectively improve the reliability of tunnel water fire fighting system, can be applied to Super Long Tunnel (about 10km), height Either (unilateral side is supplied water, and insufficient there are hydraulic pressure or superpressure is asked in long range open roof tunnel in difference excessive tunnel (height difference is more than 100m) Topic) etc..
Overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting system provided by the invention and water supply fire-fighting method have the advantage that
(1) water supply is solved apart from too long (by taking the tunnel 10km as an example), valve quantity is excessive (about 800), water pipe head The excessively technical problem of reliability of water supply difference caused by (about 3600);
(2) pressure reducing valve is solved to water quality requirement height, mountain tunnel is easy failure, the technical problem for causing water pipe to burst apart. In traditional scheme, tunnel's entrance and exit height difference is excessive to need to be arranged multiple tracks pressure reducing valve, out of office since pressure reducing valve is higher to water quality requirement Obstruction filter hole is easy under external environment, pressure reducing valve is poor to static pressure effect of easing stress.Once depressurizing defective valve, water pipe will burst, and need It to be often maintained and maintain;
(3) solve for long range open roof tunnel, to solve superpressure and under-voltage, need two sides be arranged head-tank into The problem of row supplies water, reduces construction investment and system maintenance amount.
The present invention provides a kind of overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting system, with reference to Fig. 1, comprising: the fire-fighting of left threaded list road Laterally contact pipeline 3, second laterally gets in touch with pipeline 4, third laterally contact pipeline for pipeline 1, right threaded list road fire protection pipeline 2, first 5, the 4th laterally contact pipeline 6, conversion pond 7, high position fire cistern 8, reservoir 9 and deep-well 10 in hole;
Left threaded list road fire protection pipeline 1 is fixedly mounted along tunnel direction of traffic in pipe trench in left threaded list road;In right threaded list road Right threaded list road fire protection pipeline 2 is fixedly mounted along tunnel direction of traffic in pipe trench;
Pipeline 3 is laterally got in touch with by first in the front end of left threaded list road fire protection pipeline 1 and the front end of right threaded list road fire protection pipeline 2 Connection;The rear end of left threaded list road fire protection pipeline 1 and the rear end of right threaded list road fire protection pipeline 2 are laterally got in touch with pipeline 4 by second and are connected It is logical;Thus make the laterally laterally contact of contact pipeline 3, right threaded list road fire protection pipeline 2 and second of left threaded list road fire protection pipeline 1, first The end to end formation fire fighting supply loop of pipeline 4;Wherein, first pipeline 3, second laterally contact pipeline 4, third cross are laterally got in touch with Pipeline 6 is laterally got in touch with to contact pipeline 5 and the 4th to be respectively mounted under the pavement;
Between left threaded list road fire protection pipeline 1 and right threaded list road fire protection pipeline 2, press from front end rear end direction, Mei Geshe Fixed spacing is successively transversely mounted third, and laterally contact pipeline 5 and the 4th laterally gets in touch with pipeline 6;Wherein, third laterally gets in touch with pipeline 5 Both ends be connected to respectively with left threaded list road fire protection pipeline 1 and right threaded list road fire protection pipeline 2;4th laterally gets in touch with the both ends of pipeline 6 It is connected to respectively with left threaded list road fire protection pipeline 1 and right threaded list road fire protection pipeline 2;Pipeline 5 and the 4th cross are laterally got in touch with by third The total ring of fire fighting supply is divided into rear end water supply subring B1, middle part connection subring B2 and front end and supplied by the setting to contact pipeline 6 Water subring B3;
Wherein, on left threaded list road fire protection pipeline 1, and the 1st electromagnetism is installed in the region for belonging to middle part connection subring B2 Valve 11;On right threaded list road fire protection pipeline 2, and the 2nd solenoid valve 12 is installed in the region for belonging to middle part connection subring B2;
Above left threaded list road fire protection pipeline 1 and right threaded list road fire protection pipeline 2, installed in multiple holes along length of tunnel direction Fire hydrant 25;The force (forcing) pump 29 that setting is connected to the 1st water supplying pipe 15 in pond 7 is converted in hole.
It converts pond 7 in hole to be set in tunnel inner wall, the top surface that pond 7 is converted in hole is concordant with tunnel ground, in hole Pond 7 is converted for realizing the water rationing to tunnel, pond is converted in hole and provides a peace into Super Long Tunnel fire-fighting system Full deposit.Specifically, the moisturizing end for converting pond 7 in hole is connected by the moisturizing point of water supply pipe 13 and left threaded list road fire protection pipeline 1 It is logical, wherein moisturizing point is located on middle part connection subring B2, and is located at the front end of the 1st solenoid valve 11;Pacify on water supply pipe 13 Fill the 3rd solenoid valve 14;The water supply point for water end (W.E.) by the 1st water supplying pipe 15 and left threaded list road fire protection pipeline 1 in pond 7 is converted in hole Connection;Wherein, water supply point is located above rear end water supply subring B1;5th solenoid valve 32 is installed on the 1st water supplying pipe 15.
High-order fire cistern 8, reservoir 9 and deep-well 10 are mounted on tunnel outer;High-order fire cistern 8 and tunnel portal Between there are certain height difference, guarantee that fire-fighting equipment pressure meets its requirement.The 2nd water supplying pipe is arranged between deep-well 10 and reservoir 9 16, the 2nd water supplying pipe 16 has pressurization, for carrying out pressurization water supply to fire protection pipeline system, as the 4th water supplying pipe 30, 4th water supplying pipe 30 also has pressurization.And the 2nd water supplying pipe 16 and water supply pipe 13 do not have pressurization, are simple moisturizing Pipeline.
Deep well pump 17 is installed, deep well pump 17 is supplied water by the 2nd water supplying pipe 16 to reservoir 9 in deep-well 10;High-order fire water The 3rd water supplying pipe 18 is arranged between pond 8 and reservoir 9, water-delivery pump 19 is installed in reservoir 9, and water-delivery pump 19 passes through the 3rd water supplying pipe 18 It supplies water to high-order fire cistern 8;The water delivery end of high-order fire cistern 8 is connected to by the 4th water supplying pipe 30 with front end water supply subring B3; The output end of 4th water supplying pipe 30 installs the 4th solenoid valve 31.
On the one hand, the fire water in high-order fire cistern 8 under the effect of gravity, into the front end water supply subring of fire_fighting pipe network B3 supplies water to equipment such as the fire hydrants of certain area.
On the other hand, the water of high-order fire cistern 8 passes through benefit after the certain distance of tunnel longitudinal direction by fire_fighting pipe network Water is input to conversion pond 7 in hole by water pipe 13.Therefore, pond 7 is converted in hole and the fire hydrant etc. of front end water supply subring B3 is set It is standby that normal high service is directly carried out by high-order fire cistern 8.Front end water supply subring B3 is given by converting the progress gravity of pond 7 in hole Water, or pressurization water supply is carried out by force (forcing) pump.It, can by controlling the closing and unlatching of the 1st solenoid valve 11 and the 2nd solenoid valve 12 To realize the separation and connection of two water systems.
In practical application, single hole length is greater than 8000m or height difference is more than the tunnel of 100m, in tunnel middle position or height It is arranged in hole at position fire cistern and the position fire hydrant EXIT POINT hydrostatic 0.7~0.8Mpa of pressure difference and converts pond;Water is converted in hole Pond to downstream water supply can be used pressure pump carry out high service scheme or by with the height difference of fire-fighting equipment point realize gravity to Water scheme.
When using pressure pump supply scheme, force (forcing) pump needs to consider that the pressure at least favorable point is not less than 0.35mpa, That is: meet fire-fighting pressure requirement.The pressure difference of conversion pond bottom of pond and fire hydrant bolt mouth is not when using gravity feed scheme, in hole Less than 35m.
Pond is converted in hole and is supplied water, and fire protection pipeline water supply is passed through by the high-order fire cistern 8 of upstream.At this point, converting water in hole Pond, which is supplied water, determines the opening and closing of the 3rd solenoid valve 14 according to the data for converting the water level sensor in pond in hole.
If underground water is compared with horn of plenty in hole, using the water that gutter is collected, pond is converted in extraction to hole.
Pool volume V=Q is converted in holeIt is interior+QOutside=nqIt is interiort+qOutsidet
V: pool volume (m is converted in hole3);
QIt is interior: fire hydrant water consumption (m in hole3);
QOutside: fire hydrant water consumption (m outside hole3);
N: fire hydrant open quantity, value referring in particular to " vcehicular tunnel design specification " (second traffic engineering with it is attached Facility JTG D70/2-2014)
T: fire duration, referring in particular to " vcehicular tunnel design specification ", (second traffic engineering is set value with attached Apply JTG D70/2-2014)
qIt is interior: single branch indoor fire hydrant water consumption, generally 5L/S.It generally need in addition consider fixed MJPZ extinguishing device Water consumption, it is single to prop up general 0.5L/S.
qOutside: outdoor fire hydrant water consumption, generally 20L/S.
In practical application, to realize the automatic water supplement function of converting pond, high-order fire cistern and reservoir in hole, in hole It converts and the 1st liquidometer 20 is installed in pond 7;The 2nd liquidometer 21 is installed in high-order fire cistern 8;3rd liquid is installed in reservoir 9 Position meter 22;
The output end of 1st liquidometer 20, the 2nd liquidometer 21 and the 3rd liquidometer 22 is connected with system control panel; The output end of system control panel respectively with the 1st solenoid valve 11, the 2nd solenoid valve 12, the 3rd solenoid valve 14, the 4th solenoid valve 31 and 5 solenoid valves 32 are connected.
In addition, the different location in left threaded list road and right threaded list road, installs several fire detectors;Fire detector Output end is connected to system control panel.
The present invention also installs following accessory:
Filter 23 is installed on the 4th water supplying pipe 30, influences the solenoid valve etc. that downstream flows through by avoiding to water filtration Device extends the service life of solenoid valve.Slow Close Valve 24 is installed on the 4th water supplying pipe 30.
First, which laterally gets in touch with pipeline 3 and second, laterally gets in touch with above pipeline 4, is mounted on fire hydrant 26 and water pump outside hole and connects Clutch 27.
First, which laterally gets in touch with pipeline 3 and second, laterally gets in touch with the end of pipeline 4, is mounted on blow valve/exhaust valve 28.
The present invention also provides a kind of fire fighting supply methods based on overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting system, including with Lower step:
Step 1, usually, there is no in the case where fire, system control panel controls the 1st solenoid valve 11 and the 2nd electromagnetism Valve 12 is in off state, and the 4th solenoid valve 31 is in an open state;5th solenoid valve 32 is in an open state;
At this point, the 1st water level in the 21 real-time detection high position fire cistern 8 of the 2nd liquidometer installed in high-order fire cistern 8 It is worth and is sent to system control panel;The 2nd water level value in 22 real-time detection reservoir of the 3rd liquidometer installed in reservoir 9 And it is sent to system control panel;It converts in the 20 real-time detection hole of the 1st liquidometer installed in pond 7 and is converted in pond 7 in hole The 3rd water level value and be sent to system control panel;
The detection data that system control panel is transmitted according to the 3rd liquidometer 22, the 2nd water level value of real-time judge reservoir 9 Whether meet the requirements, if conditions are not met, then starting deep well pump 17, deep well pump 17 is fetched water from deep-well 10, is delivered to reservoir 9, directly To when meeting peak level requirement, deep well pump 17 is closed;Thus the water level in reservoir 9 is maintained to meet the requirements always;
The detection data that system control panel is transmitted according to the 2nd liquidometer 21, the 1st of real-time judge high position fire cistern 8 the Whether water level value meets the requirements, if being unsatisfactory for water level requirement, starts water-delivery pump 19, and water-delivery pump 19 extracts water from reservoir 9, It is pumped by the 3rd water supplying pipe 18 to high-order fire cistern 8 and closes water-delivery pump 19 when meeting the requirements;Thus it maintains always high Water level in the fire cistern 8 of position is met the requirements;
The detection data that system control panel is transmitted according to the 1st liquidometer 20 converts the 3rd of pond 7 in real-time judge hole Whether water level value meets the requirements, if conditions are not met, then opening the 3rd solenoid valve 14 carries out moisturizing, method for supplementing water are as follows: high-order fire water After water in pond 8 passes through front end water supply subring B3 under the effect of gravity, it is flowed into water supply pipe 13, flows ultimately into conversion water in hole The moisturizing to pond 7 is converted in hole is realized in pond 7, when the Real-time Water place value after conversion 7 moisturizing of pond in hole is met the requirements, is closed Close the 3rd solenoid valve 14;Thus the water level converted in pond 7 in hole is maintained to meet the requirements always;
Step 2, system control panel is real by being arranged in the fire detector in left threaded list road and right threaded list road different location When detect left threaded list road and whether right threaded list road corresponding position occurs fire, when detect fire occurs when, system control panel The position that further floods occur for judgement at this time belongs to rear end water supply subring B1 or front end water supply subring B3;If belonging to rear end Water supply subring B1, thens follow the steps 3;If belonging to front end water supply subring B3,4 are thened follow the steps;
Step 3, system control panel further judges whether the water supply of high-order fire cistern 8 breaks down, if do not had Failure does not break down if converting pond 7 in force (forcing) pump 29 and hole then, executes step 3.1;If in force (forcing) pump 29 and hole It converts pond 7 to break down, executes step 3.2;If the water supply of high-order fire cistern 8 is broken down, 3.3 are thened follow the steps;
Step 3.1, on the one hand, the water converted in pond 7 in hole is transported to rear end and supplied by starting force (forcing) pump 29, force (forcing) pump 29 Water subring B1 opens fire hydrant in the hole of corresponding position, is provided by the fire protection pipeline water in rear end water supply subring B1 and fire occurs The fire extinguishing demand of position;On the other hand, shape of detected value of the system control panel based on the 1st liquidometer 20 to the 3rd solenoid valve 14 The control of state real-time perfoming makes the water in high-order fire cistern 8 by gravity flow into conversion pond 7 in hole, realizes to hole The timely moisturizing in interior conversion pond 7 guarantees that water level of the conversion pond 7 in working condition still meets requirement in hole;
Step 3.2, it breaks down if converting pond 7 in force (forcing) pump 29 and hole, opens the 1st solenoid valve 11 and the 2nd electromagnetism Valve 12 closes the 5th solenoid valve 32;
Water in high-order fire cistern 8 is under the effect of gravity along left threaded list road fire protection pipeline 1 and right threaded list road fire protection pipeline 2 Flowing, is finally transported to rear end water supply subring B1, opens fire hydrant in the hole of corresponding position, by disappearing in rear end water supply subring B1 Anti- pipeline water provides the fire extinguishing demand for fire occurring position;
Step 3.3, on the one hand, the water converted in pond 7 in hole is transported to rear end and supplied by starting force (forcing) pump 29, force (forcing) pump 29 Water subring B1, opens fire hydrant in the hole of corresponding position, is provided by the fire protection pipeline water in rear end water supply subring B1 and is sent out fire The fire extinguishing demand of raw position;On the other hand, system control panel controls the 3rd solenoid valve 14 and is in off state, not to converting in hole Pond 7 carries out moisturizing, and the design capacity that pond 7 is converted in hole meets the extinguishment requirement of design scenario;
Step 4, system control panel judges whether the water supply of high-order fire cistern 8 breaks down, if without failure, Execute step 4.1;If there is failure, 4.2 are thened follow the steps;
Step 4.1, the 4th solenoid valve 31 is maintained open state, at this time, on the one hand, the water in high-order fire cistern 8 is in gravity It is flowed into water supply subring B3 in front end under effect, opens fire hydrant in the hole of corresponding position, by the fire-fighting in front end water supply subring B3 Pipeline water provides the fire extinguishing demand for fire occurring position;On the other hand, system control panel is to water-delivery pump 19 and deep well pump 17 It is controlled, makes the water in deep-well 10 in time to 9 moisturizing of reservoir, and reservoir 9 is protected in time to high-order 8 moisturizing of fire cistern It demonstrate,proves water level of the high-order fire cistern 8 in working condition and still meets requirement;
Step 4.2, system control panel closes the 4th solenoid valve 31, opens the 1st solenoid valve 11 and the 2nd solenoid valve 12, this When, the water converted in pond 7 in hole is transported to rear end water supply subring B1 by force (forcing) pump 29 simultaneously, middle part is connected to subring B2 and preceding Water supply subring B3 is held, since front end water supply subring B3 obtains fire water, opens fire hydrant in the hole of corresponding position, and then realize to fire The function that position is put out a fire occurs for calamity.
A kind of overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting system provided by the invention and water supply fire-fighting method have following Advantage:
It solves Super Long Tunnel to supply water apart from too long (by taking the tunnel 10km as an example), valve quantity is excessive (about 800), water pipe Connector is excessive (about 34000), and reliability of water supply is poor, once pipe burst or valve damage, entire fire-fighting system paralysis Problem;
It solves the excessive tunnel of height difference and needs to be arranged multiple tracks pressure reducing valve, to water quality requirement height, maintenance is big, system reliability The problem of difference;
Solves long range open roof tunnel, single-ended setting head-tank is unable to satisfy water supply requirement, needs in the other end Fire-fighting system is set, and scale of investment is excessive, the big problem of maintenance.
Therefore, the present invention provides a kind of new mentality of designing and scheme for overlength vcehicular tunnel fire-fighting system, and engineering is made Valence is lower, later maintenance amount is smaller, system reliability is higher.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for the ordinary skill people of the art For member, various improvements and modifications may be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, these improvements and modifications are also answered Depending on protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting system characterized by comprising left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1), the right side Laterally laterally contact pipeline (4), third transverse direction contact pipeline of contact pipeline (3), second of threaded list road fire protection pipeline (2), first (5), the 4th laterally contact pipeline (6), conversion pond (7), high position fire cistern (8), reservoir (9) and deep-well (10) in hole;
The left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1) is fixedly mounted along tunnel direction of traffic in pipe trench in left threaded list road;In right threaded list road Pipe trench, the right threaded list road fire protection pipeline (2) is fixedly mounted along tunnel direction of traffic;The left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1) Front end and the front end of the right threaded list road fire protection pipeline (2) by described first laterally contact pipeline (3) be connected to;The left line The rear end of tunnel fire protection pipeline (1) and the rear end of the right threaded list road fire protection pipeline (2) pass through the described second lateral contact pipeline (4) it is connected to;Thus making the left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1), described first, laterally contact pipeline (3), the right threaded list road disappear Anti- pipeline (2) and described second laterally gets in touch with pipeline (4) end to end formation fire fighting supply loop;Wherein, described first laterally Get in touch with laterally contact pipeline (4), the third laterally contact pipeline (5) and the described 4th laterally contact of pipeline (3), described second Pipeline (6) is respectively mounted under the pavement;
Between the left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1) and the right threaded list road fire protection pipeline (2), press from front end rear end side To being successively transversely mounted the third every setting spacing, laterally contact pipeline (5) and the described 4th laterally gets in touch with pipeline (6); Wherein, the third laterally contact pipeline (5) both ends respectively with the left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1) and the right threaded list road Fire protection pipeline (2) connection;It is described 4th laterally contact pipeline (6) both ends respectively with the left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1) and Right threaded list road fire protection pipeline (2) connection;By the third, laterally pipeline is laterally got in touch in contact pipeline (5) and the described 4th (6) the total ring of the fire fighting supply is divided into rear end water supply subring (B1), middle part connection subring (B2) and front end and supplied by setting Water subring (B3);
Wherein, the left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1) above, and belong to the region installation of middle part connection subring (B2) 1st solenoid valve (11);The right threaded list road fire protection pipeline (2) above, and belong to the area of middle part connection subring (B2) Domain is installed by the 2nd solenoid valve (12);
The moisturizing end that pond (7) are converted in the hole passes through the moisturizing of water supply pipe (13) and the left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1) Point connection, wherein the moisturizing point is located in middle part connection subring (B2), and is located at the 1st solenoid valve (11) Front end;The 3rd solenoid valve (14) is installed above in the water supply pipe (13);That pond (7) are converted in the hole passes through the 1st for water end (W.E.) Water supplying pipe (15) is connected to the water supply point of the left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1);Wherein, the water supply point is located at rear end confession Water subring (B1) is above;5th solenoid valve (32) is installed on the 1st water supplying pipe (15).
The high position fire cistern (8), the reservoir (9) and the deep-well (10) are mounted on tunnel outer;The deep-well (10) the 2nd water supplying pipe (16) is arranged between the reservoir (9), deep well pump (17) is installed in the deep-well (10), the depth Well pump (17) is supplied water by the 2nd water supplying pipe (16) the Xiang Suoshu reservoir (9);The high position fire cistern (8) and the storage The 3rd water supplying pipe (18) is arranged between pond (9), water-delivery pump (19) is installed in the reservoir (9), the water-delivery pump (19) passes through 3rd water supplying pipe (18) is supplied water to the high-order fire cistern (8);The water delivery end of the high position fire cistern (8) passes through the 4th Water supplying pipe (30) is connected to the front end water supply subring (B3);The output end of 4th water supplying pipe (30) installs the 4th solenoid valve (31)。
2. a kind of overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the hole It converts and the 1st liquidometer (20) is installed in pond (7);The 2nd liquidometer (21) is installed in the high position fire cistern (8);The storage 3rd liquidometer (22) is installed in pond (9);
The output end of 1st liquidometer (20), the 2nd liquidometer (21) and the 3rd liquidometer (22) with system control Platform processed is connected;The output end of the system control panel respectively with the 1st solenoid valve (11), the 2nd solenoid valve (12), the 3rd solenoid valve (14), the 4th solenoid valve (31) are connected with the 5th solenoid valve (32).
3. a kind of overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting system according to claim 2, which is characterized in that in left threaded list The different location in road and right threaded list road, installs several fire detectors;The output end of the fire detector is connected to described System control panel.
4. a kind of overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described Filter (23) are installed on 4 water supplying pipes (30).
5. a kind of overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described Slow Close Valve (24) are installed on 4 water supplying pipes (30).
6. a kind of overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the left line Tunnel fire protection pipeline (1) and the right threaded list road fire protection pipeline (2) above, install the fire that disappears in multiple holes along length of tunnel direction Bolt (25);
The force (forcing) pump (29) that setting is connected to the 1st water supplying pipe (15) in pond (7) is converted in the hole.
7. a kind of overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described first Laterally contact pipeline (3) and described second laterally gets in touch with pipeline (4) above, is mounted on fire hydrant outside hole (26) and water pump engagement Device (27).
8. a kind of overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting system according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described first The laterally end of contact pipeline (3) and second lateral contact pipeline (4), is mounted on blow valve/exhaust valve (28).
9. a kind of fire fighting supply side based on the described in any item overlength vcehicular tunnel water rationing fire-fighting systems of claim 1-8 Method, which comprises the following steps:
Step 1, usually, there is no in the case where fire, system control panel controls the 1st solenoid valve (11) and the 2nd solenoid valve (12) it is in off state, the 4th solenoid valve (31) is in an open state;5th solenoid valve (32) is in an open state;
At this point, the 1st water in the 2nd liquidometer (21) the real-time detection high position fire cistern (8) installed in high-order fire cistern (8) Place value is simultaneously sent to system control panel;The 2nd in the 3rd liquidometer (22) real-time detection reservoir installed in reservoir (9) Water level value is simultaneously sent to system control panel;It converts in the 1st liquidometer (20) the real-time detection hole installed in pond (7) and turns in hole The 3rd water level value that changes in pond (7) is simultaneously sent to system control panel;
The detection data that system control panel is transmitted according to the 3rd liquidometer (22), the 2nd water level value of real-time judge reservoir (9) Whether meet the requirements, if conditions are not met, then starting deep well pump (17), deep well pump (17) is fetched water from deep-well (10), is delivered to water storage Pond (9) is closed deep well pump (17) when meeting peak level requirement;Thus the water level in reservoir (9) is maintained to meet always It is required that;
The detection data that system control panel is transmitted according to the 2nd liquidometer (21), the 1st of real-time judge high position fire cistern (8) the Whether water level value meets the requirements, if being unsatisfactory for water level requirement, starts water-delivery pump (19), and water-delivery pump (19) is from reservoir (9) Water is extracted, is pumped by the 3rd water supplying pipe (18) to high-order fire cistern (8) and is closed water-delivery pump (19) when meeting the requirements; Thus the water level in high-order fire cistern (8) is maintained to meet the requirements always;
The detection data that system control panel is transmitted according to the 1st liquidometer (20) converts the 3rd of pond (7) in real-time judge hole Whether water level value meets the requirements, if conditions are not met, then opening the 3rd solenoid valve (14) carries out moisturizing, method for supplementing water are as follows: high-order fire-fighting After water in pond (8) passes through front end water supply subring (B3) under the effect of gravity, water supply pipe (13) are flowed into, hole is flowed ultimately into Interior conversion pond (7) realizes the moisturizing to pond (7) are converted in hole, Real-time Water place value after converting pond (7) moisturizing in hole When meeting the requirements, the 3rd solenoid valve (14) is closed;Thus the water level converted in pond (7) in hole is maintained to meet the requirements always;
Step 2, system control panel is examined in real time by being arranged in the fire detector in left threaded list road and right threaded list road different location It surveys left threaded list road and whether right threaded list road corresponding position occurs fire, when detecting generation fire, system control panel is at this time The position that further floods occur for judgement belongs to rear end water supply subring (B1) or front end water supply subring (B3);If belonging to rear end Water supply subring (B1), thens follow the steps 3;If belonging to front end water supply subring (B3), 4 are thened follow the steps;
Step 3, system control panel further judges whether the water supply of high-order fire cistern (8) breaks down, if without event Barrier does not break down if converting pond (7) in force (forcing) pump (29) and hole then, executes step 3.1;If force (forcing) pump (29) and Pond (7) are converted in hole to break down, and execute step 3.2;If the water supply of high-order fire cistern (8) is broken down, execute Step 3.3;
Step 3.1, on the one hand, starting force (forcing) pump (29), force (forcing) pump (29) will convert the water in pond (7) and be transported to rear end in hole Fire hydrant in the hole of corresponding position is opened in water supply subring (B1), is provided by the fire protection pipeline water in rear end water supply subring (B1) to fire The fire extinguishing demand of calamity generation position;On the other hand, system control panel is based on the detected value of the 1st liquidometer (20) to the 3rd electromagnetism The state real-time perfoming of valve (14) controls, and the water in high-order fire cistern (8) is made to by gravity flow into conversion water in hole The timely moisturizing to pond (7) are converted in hole is realized in pond (7), guarantees that water level of conversion pond (7) in working condition is still in hole So meet the requirements;Step 3.2, it breaks down if converting pond (7) in force (forcing) pump (29) and hole, opens the 1st solenoid valve (11) With the 2nd solenoid valve (12), the 5th solenoid valve (32) is closed;
Water in high-order fire cistern (8) is under the effect of gravity along left threaded list road fire protection pipeline (1) and the right threaded list road fire-fighting Pipeline (2) flowing, is finally transported to rear end water supply subring (B1), opens fire hydrant in the hole of corresponding position, is supplied water by rear end sub Fire protection pipeline water in ring (B1) provides the fire extinguishing demand for fire occurring position;
Step 3.3, on the one hand, starting force (forcing) pump (29), force (forcing) pump (29) will convert the water in pond (7) and be transported to rear end in hole Water supply subring (B1), opens fire hydrant in the hole of corresponding position, by the fire protection pipeline water offer pair in rear end water supply subring (B1) The fire extinguishing demand of fire generation position;On the other hand, system control panel controls the 3rd solenoid valve (14) and is in off state, not right The extinguishment requirement that the design capacity that pond (7) carry out moisturizing, and convert pond (7) in hole meets design scenario is converted in hole;
Step 4, system control panel judges whether the water supply of high-order fire cistern (8) breaks down, if held without failure Row step 4.1;If there is failure, 4.2 are thened follow the steps;
Step 4.1, the 4th solenoid valve (31) is maintained open state, at this time, on the one hand, the water in high-order fire cistern (8) is in gravity It is flowed into front end water supply subring (B3) under effect, opens fire hydrant in the hole of corresponding position, by front end water supply subring (B3) Fire protection pipeline water provides the fire extinguishing demand for fire occurring position;On the other hand, system control panel is to water-delivery pump (19) and depth Well pump (17) is controlled, and makes the water in deep-well (10) in time to reservoir (9) moisturizing, and reservoir (9) disappears to a high position in time Anti- pond (8) moisturizing guarantees that water level of the high-order fire cistern (8) in working condition still meets requirement;
Step 4.2, system control panel closes the 4th solenoid valve (31), opens the 1st solenoid valve (11) and the 2nd solenoid valve (12), this When, the water converted in pond (7) in hole is transported to rear end water supply subring (B1) by force (forcing) pump (29) simultaneously, middle part is connected to subring (B2) and front end water supply subring (B3), since front end water supply subring (B3) obtains fire water, the fire that disappears in the hole of corresponding position is opened Bolt, and then realize and the function that position is put out a fire is occurred to fire.
CN201811541776.9A 2018-12-17 2018-12-17 Ultra-long highway tunnel partition water supply fire-fighting system and water supply fire-fighting method Active CN109381830B (en)

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