CN109378984B - PWM rectifier with reactive generator function and control method thereof - Google Patents

PWM rectifier with reactive generator function and control method thereof Download PDF

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CN109378984B
CN109378984B CN201811393342.9A CN201811393342A CN109378984B CN 109378984 B CN109378984 B CN 109378984B CN 201811393342 A CN201811393342 A CN 201811393342A CN 109378984 B CN109378984 B CN 109378984B
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current
pwm rectifier
rectifier
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CN109378984A (en
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蔡蔚
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Guangxi Vocational and Technical College of Communications
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H02J3/50—Controlling the sharing of the out-of-phase component

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Abstract

The invention discloses a PWM rectifier with a function of a reactive generator and a control method thereof. The PWM rectifier comprises a PWM rectifier main circuit, a PWM rectifier controller, an input current sensor, an input filter, a direct current side filter capacitor, an output voltage sensor, a power grid current sensor and an output voltage sensor. The control method comprises the following steps: active and reactive detection of a PWM rectifier, direct-current voltage control, active current and reactive current decoupling control of the rectifier, reactive compensation control and active power control. By the control method, the PWM rectifier can perform reactive power management on the public access point of the power grid where the PWM rectifier is located under the conditions of low load and direct-current voltage meeting the requirements; when no load exists, the Static Var Generator (SVG) can be used as a SVG; when the load of the PWM rectifier is a battery or other energy storage devices, energy can be fed to the power grid side, so that the utilization rate of the PWM rectifier can be comprehensively improved, and the comprehensive economic benefit of the PWM rectifier is improved.

Description

PWM rectifier with reactive generator function and control method thereof
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the field of rectifiers, in particular to a PWM rectifier with a function of a reactive generator and a control method thereof.
Background
With the continuous development of the new energy automobile industry and the increasing progress of the electric drive automobile technology, the electric automobile charger is being popularized and applied continuously. However, the current chargers have more problems.
First, the electric vehicle needs a large number of charging piles for charging, however, the conventional diode rectifier cannot control the voltage and current of each charging stage, and generates a large number of harmonics and idle power.
Secondly, in order to better control the charging process, it is currently common practice to introduce a PWM rectifier, which uses a fully-controlled device. The charging process needs to control the charging voltage, current or power, but the capacity utilization rate of the PWM rectifier is not high, and most of the residual capacity is unused. When the charging is not carried out, the PWM rectifier is not used in an idle mode, and the capacity of the converter is greatly wasted.
Third, there are a large number of consumers in the grid power supply system that generate reactive and harmonic waves that degrade the power quality of the power supply system. In order to solve the above problems, it is currently practiced to add a power Filter (FC), and an Active Power Filter (APF) or a Static Var Generator (SVG) is also required to be installed in a place where strict requirements are imposed. In addition, in order to avoid a significant loss when the power of the power grid is interrupted, an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) or a Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) is usually additionally installed.
Aiming at the three problems, if the PWM rectifier can be used for treating the power quality of a power grid, the storage battery needs to be actively supported in the power grid for energy feedback, peak clipping and valley filling, so that the reliability of a power utilization system can be further improved, and the installation space and the cost of an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) can be saved. However, since PWM rectification does not always operate in a full power state, particularly when applied to an inverter or a dc charger, the load variation is large. Taking the charging rectifier as an example, when charging is started, the charging current or charging power is large, and a large rectifier capacity is needed, but as the charging process continues, the power and current on the direct current side of the PWM rectifier will gradually decrease, which means that the rectification capacity of grid connection is not well utilized, and the PWM rectifier is in a low load state; when the battery is fully charged or the load power is very small, the PWM rectifier is in an idle state; when the battery or the load is cut off, the PWM rectifier is completely in an idle state and does not play any role although being hung on the power grid; furthermore, when the grid lacks active power, the normal PWM rectifier of the dc-side battery or other device capable of generating electric energy cannot feed back active power to the grid.
Therefore, in the control and application method of the PWM rectifier aiming at power control, the spare capacity of the PWM rectifier cannot be well utilized, so that how to utilize the spare capacity of the PWM rectifier to improve the electricity utilization environment has practical significance and social benefit.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art and provide a method for controlling a PWM rectifier with a reactive power generator function, which utilizes the surplus output capacity to perform reactive power compensation on a power grid.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a control method of a PWM rectifier with a function of a reactive generator comprises active current and reactive current decoupling control of the rectifier, active and reactive detection, direct current voltage control, reactive compensation control and active power control of the PWM rectifier;
the active current and reactive current decoupling control method of the rectifier comprises the following control steps:
when the PWM rectifier is a three-phase rectifier, the inverse transformation matrix TinvAs follows below, the following description will be given,
Tinv＝Tdq/abc
Figure BDA0001874566500000021
when the PWM rectifier is a single-phase rectifier, the inverse transformation matrix TinvAs follows below, the following description will be given,
Tinv＝T2
Figure BDA0001874566500000022
the active current and the reactive current firstly pass through TinvConverting the transformation matrix into a component under a static coordinate system, synthesizing the component to obtain a current reference value, comparing the current reference value with a real-time feedback current value, adjusting the current reference value by a PI (proportional-integral) controller, adding the current reference value and a real-time detection value of the power supply voltage, and adding a decoupling control item ucModulation signal u capable of obtaining voltage of PWM rectifierinvWherein u iscThe value of (A) is multiplied by omega L and-omega L respectively through reference active current and reactive power and then passes through TinvAnd converting the transformation matrix into components under a static coordinate system, and synthesizing to obtain the transformation matrix.
The detection steps of the reactive power of the power grid side of the PWM rectifier are as follows:
firstly, obtaining a phase-locked signal omega t by using a power grid voltage sensor to perform phase locking; then, the current i at the side of the power grid is detected through a power grid current sensorsa、isb、iscUsing T in the following formula (1)abc/dqTo i, pairsa、isb、iscUsing a transformation matrix of Tabc/dqCalculating the active component i of the rectifier grid side currentdAnd a reactive component iq，
Figure BDA0001874566500000031
In the case of a single-phase rectifier, the transformation into the d-q coordinate system can also be achieved by constructing the quadrature quantities, using T in the following equation (2)1To system current IsUsing a transformation matrix to T after constructing the orthogonal quantities1Calculating the active component i of the rectifier grid side currentdAnd a reactive component iq，
Figure BDA0001874566500000032
The reactive detection method of the public access point of the PWM rectifier comprises the following steps:
firstly, obtaining a phase-locked signal omega t by using a power grid voltage sensor to perform phase locking;
then, the current i at the side of the power grid is detected through a power grid current sensorsa、isb、iscUsing T in the following formula (3)abc/dqTo i, pairsa、isb、iscUsing a transformation matrix of Tabc/dqCalculating the active component i of the rectifier grid side currentsdAnd a reactive component isq，
Figure BDA0001874566500000033
In the case of a single-phase rectifier, the transformation into the d-q coordinate system can also be achieved by constructing the quadrature component, using T in the following equation (4)1To system current IsUsing a transformation matrix to T after constructing the orthogonal quantities1Calculating the active component i of the rectifier grid side currentsdAnd a reactive component isq，
Figure BDA0001874566500000034
The control types of the direct-current voltage control include the following:
first, the DC voltage is controlled by negative feedback and is higher than the reference value UfReference value of active current
Figure BDA0001874566500000035
When the value is negative, the energy is fed back to the power grid, and the direct current voltage is lower than the reference value UfReference value of active current
Figure BDA0001874566500000036
Absorbing energy from the grid when the voltage is positive, and increasing the reference value U of the direct current voltage when the energy needs to be absorbed from the gridfReducing the DC voltage reference U when energy needs to be fed back to the grid sidef；
Second, the DC voltage of the PWM rectifier is higher than the lowest allowable value UminAnd is lower than the maximum allowable value UmaxIf so, the PWM rectifier normally works, and the direct current voltage reference value is obtained;
thirdly, the DC voltage of the PWM rectifier is lower than the lowest allowable value UminThe PWM rectifier can only draw energy from the grid;
fourthly, the DC voltage of the PWM rectifier is higher than the maximum allowable value UmaxThe PWM rectifier can only feed back energy to the grid.
The control types of reactive compensation control include the following:
first, when the voltage of the PWM rectifier is within the allowable range, the reference value of the reactive component of the current is changed
Figure BDA0001874566500000042
The reactive power of the PWM rectifier is controlled;
second, the common point of the grid needs to compensate the reactive current isqThen, the common point of the power grid is added into a PI controller to obtain the reactive current output reference value of the rectifier
Figure BDA0001874566500000041
The control types of active power control include the following:
firstly, a PWM rectifier controls whether the rectifier is in an energy feedback mode or not by changing a reference value of direct current voltage in the energy feedback mode;
and secondly, the reference voltage value is properly reduced when energy feedback is needed, and is increased when the power grid energy needs to be absorbed.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that: the PWM rectifier control method disclosed by the method can be used for commanding the reactive power of the public access point while rectifying or feeding, so that the problems of reactive power and harmonic waves generated by other equipment are solved, the equipment installation space of a power supply system is saved, and the total investment of the power supply equipment is reduced. The surplus capacity of the PWM rectifier is fully utilized, the power quality of a power grid is improved, and reactive power management can be performed on a public access point of the power grid under the conditions of low load and direct-current voltage meeting requirements; when no load exists, the Static Var Generator (SVG) can be used as a SVG; when the load of the PWM rectifier is a battery or other energy storage devices, energy can be fed to the power grid side, so that the utilization rate of the PWM rectifier can be comprehensively improved, and the comprehensive economic benefit of the PWM rectifier is improved.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the related art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description only relate to some embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a PWM rectifier with a reactive generator function according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a static decoupling control block diagram of the PWM rectifier with the reactive generator function according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more clearly understood, there will now be described in detail, with reference to the accompanying drawings, a non-limiting detailed description of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the PWM rectifier with the reactive power generator function of the present embodiment includes a PWM rectifier main circuit 5 and a PWM rectifier controller 8 coupled to each other; an input current sensor 3 and an input filter 4 are coupled on the power grid side of a PWM rectifier main circuit 5, and a direct current side filter capacitor 6 and an output voltage sensor 7 are coupled on the load side; a grid voltage sensor 1 and a grid current sensor 2 are coupled between the PWM commutation controller and the grid common, and the above-mentioned output voltage sensor 7 is coupled between the PWM commutation controller and the load.
The front end of the PWM rectifier can be additionally provided with an alternating current transformer in order to be connected into a power grid with a higher voltage level; the input filter 4 can adopt an LCL mode or an LC mode; the rectifier module single-phase system adopts an H bridge, but is not limited to an H bridge module, and can adopt any other type of current transformer with four-quadrant working capacity; the three-phase system of the rectifier module adopts a three-phase bridge, but is not limited to a three-phase bridge module, and any other type of converter with four-quadrant working capacity can be adopted.
The PWM rectifier can carry out instructions on the reactive power of the public access point while rectifying or feeding, the reactive power and harmonic problems generated by other equipment are solved, the equipment installation space of a power supply system is saved, and the total investment of the power supply equipment is reduced. The current type PWM rectifier is mainly suitable for a power battery charger of an electric automobile, a grid-connected inverter taking constant energy as a control target and the like, but is not limited to the application mode.
The present embodiment further provides a control method for a PWM rectifier with a function of a reactive power generator, where the control method detects reactive power on a power grid side by using a d-q decomposition method, first decomposes an input current on an ac side of the rectifier into an active component and a reactive component, and calculates the reactive power and harmonic content of a public access point of the power grid, and adds the calculated contents into a control loop of the rectifier, where the rectifier can operate in three modes: a charging mode, an energy feedback mode and a voltage control mode.
The method comprises the steps of decoupling control of active current and reactive current of a rectifier, active and reactive detection of a PWM rectifier, direct-current voltage control, reactive compensation control and active power control;
the active current and reactive current decoupling control method of the rectifier comprises the following control steps:
when the PWM rectifier is a three-phase rectifier, the inverse transformation matrix TinvAs follows below, the following description will be given,
Tinv＝Tdq/abc
Figure BDA0001874566500000051
when the PWM rectifier is a single-phase rectifier, the inverse transformation matrix TinvAs follows below, the following description will be given,
Tinv＝T2
Figure BDA0001874566500000052
the active current and the reactive current firstly pass through TinvConverting the transformation matrix into a component under a static coordinate system, synthesizing the component to obtain a current reference value, comparing the current reference value with a real-time feedback current value, adjusting the current reference value by a PI (proportional-integral) controller, adding the current reference value and a real-time detection value of the power supply voltage, and adding a decoupling control item ucModulation signal u capable of obtaining voltage of PWM rectifierinvWherein u iscThe value of (A) is multiplied by omega L and-omega L respectively through reference active current and reactive power and then passes through TinvAnd converting the transformation matrix into components under a static coordinate system, and synthesizing to obtain the transformation matrix.
The detection steps of the reactive power of the power grid side of the PWM rectifier are as follows:
firstly, obtaining a phase-locked signal omega t by using a power grid voltage sensor to perform phase locking; then, the current i at the side of the power grid is detected through a power grid current sensorsa、isb、iscUsing T in the following formula (1)abc/dqTo i, pairsa、isb、iscUsing a transformation matrix of Tabc/dqCalculating the active component i of the rectifier grid side currentdAnd a reactive component iq，
Figure BDA0001874566500000061
In the case of a single-phase rectifier, the transformation into the d-q coordinate system can also be achieved by constructing the quadrature quantities, using T in the following equation (2)1To system current IsUsing a transformation matrix to T after constructing the orthogonal quantities1Calculating the active component i of the rectifier grid side currentdAnd a reactive component iq，
Figure BDA0001874566500000062
The reactive detection method of the public access point of the PWM rectifier comprises the following steps:
firstly, obtaining a phase-locked signal omega t by using a power grid voltage sensor to perform phase locking;
then, the current i at the side of the power grid is detected through a power grid current sensorsa、isb、iscUsing T in the following formula (3)abc/dqTo i, pairsa、isb、iscUsing a transformation matrix of Tabc/dqCalculating the active component i of the rectifier grid side currentsdAnd a reactive component isq，
Figure BDA0001874566500000063
In the case of a single-phase rectifier, the transformation into the d-q coordinate system can also be achieved by constructing the quadrature component, using T in the following equation (4)1To system current IsUsing a transformation matrix to T after constructing the orthogonal quantities1Calculating the active component i of the rectifier grid side currentsdAnd a reactive component isq，
Figure BDA0001874566500000064
The control types of the direct-current voltage control include the following:
first, the DC voltage is controlled by negative feedback and is higher than the reference voltageValue UfReference value of active current
Figure BDA0001874566500000071
When the value is negative, the energy is fed back to the power grid, and the direct current voltage is lower than the reference value UfReference value of active current
Figure BDA0001874566500000072
Absorbing energy from the grid when the voltage is positive, and increasing the reference value U of the direct current voltage when the energy needs to be absorbed from the gridfReducing the DC voltage reference U when energy needs to be fed back to the grid sidef；
Second, the DC voltage of the PWM rectifier is higher than the lowest allowable value UminAnd is lower than the maximum allowable value UmaxIf so, the PWM rectifier normally works, and the direct current voltage reference value is obtained;
thirdly, the DC voltage of the PWM rectifier is lower than the lowest allowable value UminThe PWM rectifier can only draw energy from the grid;
fourthly, the DC voltage of the PWM rectifier is higher than the maximum allowable value UmaxThe PWM rectifier can only feed back energy to the grid.
The control types of reactive compensation control include the following:
first, when the voltage of the PWM rectifier is within the allowable range, the reference value of the reactive component of the current is changed
Figure BDA0001874566500000074
The control of the reactive power of the PWM rectifier is realized;
second, the common point of the grid needs to compensate the reactive current isqThen, the common point of the power grid is added into a PI controller to obtain the reactive current output reference value of the rectifier
Figure BDA0001874566500000073
The control types of active power control include the following:
firstly, a PWM rectifier controls whether the rectifier is in an energy feedback mode or not by changing a reference value of direct current voltage in the energy feedback mode;
and secondly, the reference voltage value is properly reduced when energy feedback is needed, and is increased when the power grid energy needs to be absorbed.
After the PWM rectifier and the control method thereof are applied, the PWM rectifier can carry out reactive power management on a public access point of a power grid where the PWM rectifier is located under the conditions of low load and direct-current voltage meeting requirements; when no load exists, the Static Var Generator (SVG) can be used as a SVG; when the load of the PWM rectifier is a battery or other energy storage devices, energy can be fed to the power grid side, so that the utilization rate of the PWM rectifier can be comprehensively improved, and the comprehensive economic benefit of the PWM rectifier is improved.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concepts and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A control method of a PWM rectifier with a function of a reactive generator is characterized by comprising the decoupling control of active current and reactive current of the rectifier and the control steps are as follows,
1) calculating the active component i of the current on the power grid side of the rectifierdAnd a reactive component iq；
Firstly, a phase-locked signal ω t is obtained after phase locking is carried out by using a power grid voltage sensor;
then, the current i at the side of the power grid is detected through a power grid current sensorsa、isb、iscUsing T in the following formula (1)abc/dqTo i, pairsa、isb、iscUsing a transformation matrix of Tabc/dqCalculating the active component i of the rectifier grid side currentdAnd a reactive component iq，
Figure FDA0003026137350000011
In the case of a single-phase rectifier, the transformation into the d-q coordinate system is achieved by constructing an orthogonal quantity, using the transformation matrix T in the following equation (2)1To system current IsUsing a transformation matrix to T after constructing the orthogonal quantities1Calculating the active component i of the rectifier grid side currentdAnd a reactive component iq，
Figure FDA0003026137350000012
2) Controlling inverse transformation;
when the PWM rectifier is a three-phase rectifier, the inverse transformation matrix TinvAs follows below, the following description will be given,
Tinv＝Tdq/abc
Figure FDA0003026137350000013
when the PWM rectifier is a single-phase rectifier, the inverse transformation matrix TinvAs follows below, the following description will be given,
Tinv＝T2
Figure FDA0003026137350000014
the active current and the reactive current firstly pass through TinvThe inverse transformation matrix is converted into a component under a static coordinate system to be synthesized to obtain a current reference value, the current reference value is compared with a current value fed back in real time and is adjusted by a PI (proportional integral) controller, the current reference value is added with a power supply voltage real-time detection value, and a decoupling control item u is addedcObtaining a modulated signal u of the PWM rectifier voltageinvWherein u iscThe value of (A) is multiplied by omega L and-omega L respectively through reference active current and reactive power and then passes through TinvConverting the transformation matrix into a component under a static coordinate system, and synthesizing to obtain the transformation matrix;
3) the control method comprises the following steps of DC voltage control:
first, the DC voltage is controlled by negative feedback and is higher than the reference value UfReference value of active current
Figure FDA0003026137350000021
When the value is negative, the energy is fed back to the power grid, and the direct current voltage is lower than the reference value UfReference value of active current
Figure FDA0003026137350000022
Absorbing energy from the grid when the voltage is positive, and increasing the reference value U of the direct current voltage when the energy needs to be absorbed from the gridfReducing the DC voltage reference U when energy needs to be fed back to the grid sidef；
Second, the DC voltage of the PWM rectifier is higher than the lowest allowable value UminAnd is lower than the maximum allowable value UmaxIf so, the PWM rectifier works normally;
thirdly, the DC voltage of the PWM rectifier is lower than the lowest allowable value UminThe PWM rectifier can only draw energy from the grid;
fourthly, the DC voltage of the PWM rectifier is higher than the maximum allowable value UmaxThe PWM rectifier can only feed back energy to the grid.
2. The control method of the PWM rectifier with var generator function according to claim 1, further comprising reactive compensation control, the control type comprising the following,
first, when the voltage of the PWM rectifier is within the allowable range, the reference value of the reactive component of the current is changed
Figure FDA0003026137350000023
The reactive power of the PWM rectifier is controlled;
second, the common point of the grid needs to compensate the reactive current isqThen, the common point of the power grid is added into a PI controller to obtain the reactive current output reference value of the rectifier
Figure FDA0003026137350000024
3. The control method of the PWM rectifier with reactive generator function according to claim 1, further comprising active power control, wherein the control type comprises the following,
firstly, a PWM rectifier controls whether the rectifier is in an energy feedback mode or not by changing a reference value of direct current voltage in the energy feedback mode;
and secondly, the reference voltage value is properly reduced when energy feedback is needed, and is increased when the power grid energy needs to be absorbed.
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