CN109378122A - 智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆 - Google Patents

智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆 Download PDF

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CN109378122A
CN109378122A CN201811329332.9A CN201811329332A CN109378122A CN 109378122 A CN109378122 A CN 109378122A CN 201811329332 A CN201811329332 A CN 201811329332A CN 109378122 A CN109378122 A CN 109378122A
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fire prevention
light unit
parts
polyolefin
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万育萍
任虹光
郑建平
刘海峰
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Jiangsu Hengtong Power Cable Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆，包括一个通讯光单元、一个预警光单元和至少三个电力传输单元；所述通讯光单元由松套管、位于松套管内的通讯光纤和挤包于松套管外表面的聚烯烃护套层组成，所述预警光单元由测温光纤、螺旋钢管、凯夫拉纤维加强层、不锈钢编织层和铁氟龙护套层组成；一玻璃纤维包带绕包于缆芯外表面形成玻璃纤维包带层，一聚烯烃耐火层包覆于玻璃纤维包带层外表面，一外护套挤包于聚烯烃耐火层外表面；该复合电缆耐高温耐燃烧性能好，与防火预警系统或监测设备相结合后可实现复合电缆全线温度监测并在火灾发生初期及时发现灾情并预警，为逃生和救灾提供时间保障。

Description

智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种新型电缆，尤其涉及一种智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆。
背景技术
随着我国社会经济的高速发展，大型建筑、地铁、隧道、核电站等重要工程设施及大型超市、会展中心等人员密集的地方越来越多。与此同时，消防安全观念成为人们关注的重点，因此，对电线电缆的阻燃和防火要求也越来越高，其防火性能得到了极大的重视。
市场上的防火电缆虽然提高了其防火能力，但是基本都是被动防火，即火灾发生后提供一定时间的供电，不能有效的在火险发生初期及时进行预测或探测，进而有效避免火灾的发生或灾情的加重。而具有输送电能和光通信能力，能够结合防火预警系统或监测设备起到火灾预警效果的光纤复合低压电缆，防火性能不佳，在火灾发生后难以保证光纤通信正常进行。因此，开发出一种具有良好防火性能的光纤复合电缆，成为本领域技术人员努力的方向。
发明内容
本发明目的是提供一种智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆，该电缆兼具有光通信能力和良好的耐高温、耐燃烧性能，能够结合防火预警系统或监测设备，在火灾发生初期及时发现灾情并预警，为逃生和救灾提供时间保障。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆，包括一个通讯光单元、一个预警光单元和至少三个电力传输单元，此通讯光单元、预警光单元和电力传输单元绞合形成缆芯；
所述通讯光单元由松套管、位于松套管内的若干根通讯光纤和挤包于松套管外表面的聚烯烃护套层组成，所述预警光单元由若干根测温光纤、螺旋钢管、凯夫拉纤维加强层、不锈钢编织层和铁氟龙护套层组成，所述测温光纤置于螺旋钢管内部，所述凯夫拉纤维加强层、不锈钢编织层和铁氟龙护套层由内而外包覆于螺旋钢管外表面，所述电力传输单元进一步包括铜导体、包覆于铜导体外表面的云母带层和聚烯烃绝缘层，此聚烯烃绝缘层包覆于云母带层外表面；
一玻璃纤维包带绕包于缆芯外表面形成玻璃纤维包带层，所述玻璃纤维包带层与缆芯之间设置有填充物，一聚烯烃耐火层包覆于玻璃纤维包带层外表面，一外护套挤包于聚烯烃耐火层外表面；
所述聚烯烃护套层和聚烯烃绝缘层原料由以下重量份的组分组成：
乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物 55~70份，
聚乙烯 15~25份，
聚乙烯接枝马来酸苷 10~20份，
氢氧化铝 60~70份，
蒙脱土 15~25份，
氰尿酸三聚氰胺盐 15~25份，
ZB硼酸锌 30~40份，
二氧化硅 70~80份，
钛酸锶 1~5份，
硬脂酸锌 1~5份，
N-甲基吡咯烷酮 0.1~2份，
抗氧剂 0.5~2份，
草酰乙酸二乙酯 0.1~1份，
乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷 2~8份。
上述技术方案中进一步改进的技术方案如下：
1. 上述方案中，所述外护套内表面沿周向具有若干个突起部，此突起部嵌入聚烯烃耐火层的凹槽内。
2. 上述方案中，所述铜导体为采用正规绞合结构的第2种退火铜导体。
3. 上述方案中，所述测温光纤为A1a类多模光纤。
4. 上述方案中，所述填充物为无碱玻纤纱填充物。
5. 上述方案中，所述外护套为热塑性低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃护套。
6. 上述方案中，所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物的VA值为25~35%。
7. 上述方案中，所述抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂168、抗氧剂626、抗氧剂300或抗氧剂DSTDP中的至少一种。
由于上述技术方案的运用，本发明与现有技术相比具有下列优点：
1. 本发明智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆，其通讯光单元采用松护套结构，并在外表面挤包有陶瓷化聚烯烃护套层，在火焰燃烧后该护套层会发生结壳，吸收热量并阻止火焰向内燃烧；此外，导体外绕包耐高温性能和耐燃烧性能优良的云母带，缆芯外也设计了玻璃纤维包带和聚烯烃耐火层的双层耐火结构，外护套采用低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃护套料，另外在玻璃纤维包带层与缆芯之间还设置了耐火无碱玻纤纱进行填充，无论是电缆整体还是通讯光单元局部的阻燃防火性能都很良好，即使在高温燃烧的情况下光纤衰减也比较小，在火灾发生时仍能维持光纤通信的正常进行。
2、本发明智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆，其预警光单元采用具有耐高温特性的A1a类多模光纤，外包螺旋钢管、凯夫拉纤维加强层、不锈钢编织层和铁氟龙护套层，该预警光单元结构紧凑、抗压抗剪强度高，能够很好的保护测温光纤，同时耐热性能好，长期使用温度范围达到-60℃~150℃，最高使用温度可以达到200℃；采用该预警光单元的复合电缆在正常工况下，通过与防火预警系统或监测设备相结合，可实现复合电缆全线温度监测，此外护套铁氟龙材料的快速导热特性能够保证复合电缆对火灾预警的灵敏性，在火灾发生初期及时发现灾情并预警，为逃生和救灾提供时间保障。
3. 本发明智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆，通讯光单元的护套层和电力传输单元的绝缘层均采用陶瓷化聚烯烃材料，其配方在ZB硼酸锌20~30份、二氧化硅70~80份的基础上，添加了钛酸锶1~5份和N-甲基吡咯烷酮0.1~2份，制得的陶瓷化聚烯烃材料绝缘性、阻燃隔热性好且烧结温度较低，在650℃及更高温度下能够迅速形成致密完整的烧结物，有效降低了材料的热释放速率，使火灾发生产生的高温不至于影响光纤通信的进行；此外，该配方严格控制了瓷化填料的用量，兼顾了材料的力学性能和结壳性能，具有很高的实用价值。
4. 本发明智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆，其陶瓷化聚烯烃材料中还引入了草酰乙酸二乙酯0.1~1份和乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷2~8份，两组分协同作用有效改善了有机相与无机填料间的相容性，解决了由于相容性不佳产生缺陷点而造成应力集中的问题，从而进一步提高了材料的力学性能，其拉伸强度达到13.0Mpa以上，断裂伸长率达到185%以上，在实际使用中不易受外界作用力而发生断裂，对其包覆的导体或光纤能起到很好的保护作用。
附图说明
附图1为本发明智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆结构示意图；
附图2为本发明智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆通讯光单元局部结构示意图；
附图3为本发明智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆预警光单元局部结构示意图。
以上附图中：1、通讯光单元；101、松套管；102、通讯光纤；103、聚烯烃护套层；2、预警光单元；201、测温光纤；202、螺旋钢管；203、凯夫拉纤维加强层；204、不锈钢编织层；205、铁氟龙护套层；3、电力传输单元；301、铜导体；302、云母带层；303、聚烯烃绝缘层；4、玻璃纤维包带层；5、填充物；6、聚烯烃耐火层；601、凹槽；7、外护套；701、突起部。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步描述：
实施例1~4：一种智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆，包括一个通讯光单元1、一个预警光单元2和至少三个电力传输单元3，此通讯光单元1、预警光单元2和电力传输单元3绞合形成缆芯；
所述通讯光单元1由松套管101、位于松套管101内的若干根通讯光纤102和挤包于松套管101外表面的聚烯烃护套层103组成，所述预警光单元2由若干根测温光纤201、螺旋钢管202、凯夫拉纤维加强层203、不锈钢编织层204和铁氟龙护套层205组成，所述测温光纤201置于螺旋钢管202内部，所述凯夫拉纤维加强层203、不锈钢编织层204和铁氟龙护套层205由内而外包覆于螺旋钢管202外表面，所述电力传输单元3进一步包括铜导体301、包覆于铜导体301外表面的云母带层302和聚烯烃绝缘层303，此聚烯烃绝缘层303包覆于云母带层302外表面；
一玻璃纤维包带绕包于缆芯外表面形成玻璃纤维包带层4，所述玻璃纤维包带层4与缆芯之间设置有填充物5，一聚烯烃耐火层6包覆于玻璃纤维包带层4外表面，一外护套7挤包于聚烯烃耐火层6外表面；
所述外护套7内表面沿周向具有若干个突起部701，此突起部701嵌入聚烯烃耐火层6的凹槽601内；
所述铜导体301为采用正规绞合结构的第2种退火铜导体；
所述测温光纤201为A1a类多模光纤；
所述填充物5为无碱玻纤纱填充物；
所述外护套7为热塑性低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃护套；
所述聚烯烃护套层103和聚烯烃绝缘层303原料由以下重量份的组分组成：
表1
所述聚烯烃护套层103和聚烯烃绝缘层303原料均通过以下步骤获得：
S1. 称取氢氧化铝60~70份，蒙脱土15~25份，氰尿酸三聚氰胺盐15~25份，ZB硼酸锌30~40份，二氧化硅70~80份，钛酸锶1~5份，N-甲基吡咯烷酮0.1~2份，草酰乙酸二乙酯0.1~1份，乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷2~8份加入高速混合机中，在60℃下混合20min；
S2. 将乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物55~70份，聚乙烯15~25份，聚乙烯接枝马来酸苷10~20份，硬脂酸锌1~5份，抗氧剂0.5~2份加入S1中混合均匀的物料中，高速混合3min；
S3. 经双螺杆造粒挤出机造粒，冷切，即得所述聚烯烃护套层103和聚烯烃绝缘层303原料。
对比例1~3：一种聚烯烃材料，由以下重量份的组分组成：
表2
制备方法为常规方法。
各实施例和对比例制备的聚烯烃材料性能检测数据如下：
表3
由表3可知，本发明实施例制备的陶瓷化聚烯烃材料无论是绝缘性能、力学性能，还是燃烧热释放性能都显著优于各对比例，该陶瓷化聚烯烃材料用作光传输单元护套层或电传输单元绝缘层时能够有效抑制热传递，避免高温下光纤传输的衰减。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (8)

1.一种智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆，其特征在于：包括一个通讯光单元（1）、一个预警光单元（2）和至少三个电力传输单元（3），此通讯光单元（1）、预警光单元（2）和电力传输单元（3）绞合形成缆芯；
所述通讯光单元（1）由松套管（101）、位于松套管（101）内的若干根通讯光纤（102）和挤包于松套管（101）外表面的聚烯烃护套层（103）组成，所述预警光单元（2）由若干根测温光纤（201）、螺旋钢管（202）、凯夫拉纤维加强层（203）、不锈钢编织层（204）和铁氟龙护套层（205）组成，所述测温光纤（201）置于螺旋钢管（202）内部，所述凯夫拉纤维加强层（203）、不锈钢编织层（204）和铁氟龙护套层（205）由内而外包覆于螺旋钢管（202）外表面，所述电力传输单元（3）进一步包括铜导体（301）、包覆于铜导体（301）外表面的云母带层（302）和聚烯烃绝缘层（303），此聚烯烃绝缘层（303）包覆于云母带层（302）外表面；
一玻璃纤维包带绕包于缆芯外表面形成玻璃纤维包带层（4），所述玻璃纤维包带层（4）与缆芯之间设置有填充物（5），一聚烯烃耐火层（6）包覆于玻璃纤维包带层（4）外表面，一外护套（7）挤包于聚烯烃耐火层（6）外表面；
所述聚烯烃护套层（103）和聚烯烃绝缘层（303）原料由以下重量份的组分组成：
乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物 55~70份，
聚乙烯 15~25份，
聚乙烯接枝马来酸苷 10~20份，
氢氧化铝 60~70份，
蒙脱土 15~25份，
氰尿酸三聚氰胺盐 15~25份，
ZB硼酸锌 30~40份，
二氧化硅 70~80份，
钛酸锶 1~5份，
硬脂酸锌 1~5份，
N-甲基吡咯烷酮 0.1~2份，
抗氧剂 0.5~2份，
草酰乙酸二乙酯 0.1~1份，
乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷 2~8份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆，其特征在于：所述外护套（7）内表面沿周向具有若干个突起部（701），此突起部（701）嵌入聚烯烃耐火层（6）的凹槽（601）内。
3.根据权利要求1所述的智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆，其特征在于：所述铜导体（301）为采用正规绞合结构的第2种退火铜导体。
4.根据权利要求1所述的智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆，其特征在于：所述测温光纤（201）为A1a类多模光纤。
5.根据权利要求1所述的智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆，其特征在于：所述填充物（5）为无碱玻纤纱填充物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆，其特征在于：所述外护套（7）为热塑性低烟无卤阻燃聚烯烃护套。
7.根据权利要求1所述的智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆，其特征在于：所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物的VA值为25~35%。
8.根据权利要求1所述的智能预警通讯用防火低压电缆，其特征在于：所述抗氧剂为抗氧剂1010、抗氧剂1076、抗氧剂168、抗氧剂626、抗氧剂300或抗氧剂DSTDP中的至少一种。
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