CN109372511B - Method for dynamically filling coal mining subsidence land by using yellow river silt - Google Patents
Method for dynamically filling coal mining subsidence land by using yellow river silt Download PDFInfo
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21C—MINING OR QUARRYING
- E21C41/00—Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/16—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor
- E21C41/18—Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coal
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- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings
- E21F15/005—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling material
Abstract
The invention provides a method for dynamically filling coal mining subsidence land by yellow river silt, which belongs to the technical field of mining technology, land utilization and land reclamation, and comprises the following steps: dividing mining units according to a mining plan and geological conditions of a coal mining subsidence area, and obtaining dynamic subsidence contour lines of the mining units in all mining periods by adopting a probability integration method based on a Knothe time function; dividing each filling unit according to the reclamation range; sequentially determining the whole reclamation range D of the earth's surfacetThe reclamation filling time and the reclamation design elevation of each filling unit; selecting a filling mode of the subsidence area as multi-layer multiple yellow guiding filling, and determining the structural characteristics of each soil; respectively determining the times of the multiple layers of yellow leading filling of each filling unit and the filling time interval of the two filling units; determining the thickness of each soil structure layer; and carrying out multi-layer multiple yellow-leading filling on each filling unit according to the determined filling parameters. The method can greatly improve the cultivation rate and shorten the reclamation period.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining technology, land utilization and land reclamation, and particularly relates to a method for dynamically filling coal mining subsidence land by using yellow river silt.
Background
Coal is the most important energy source in China and accounts for about 70% of primary energy consumption. As more than 90% of coal yield in China comes from underground mining and is mostly mined by a method of total caving of a strike long wall, the land inevitably sinks, so that a large amount of land sinks and is damaged. According to the measurement and calculation, the subsidence land caused by exploiting ten thousand tons of raw coal underground is less by 0.033hm2Up to 0.533hm2Average of 0.2 to 0.33hm2. For the high diving space coal mining area in the east of China, most mining areas are sunk ponding areas, the later period reclamation difficulty is increased, and a large amount of coal mining areas are generatedLand is damaged, so the land reclamation problem in the area is always a research hotspot in China.
The existing scholars propose a technology for recovering the collapsed coal mining land while mining, mainly pre-reclaiming the land to be collapsed in advance, so that the recovery rate of the land can be greatly improved, the reclamation period can be shortened, and the reclamation benefit can be increased. The key of the technology is the determination of the reclamation opportunity, the reclamation range and the reclamation scheme, and the technology is particularly suitable for the reclamation of the mining subsidence land in the high diving space area. The subsidence area needs to be backfilled to a designed elevation during reclamation, but the existing reclamation modes of shallow digging depth, coal gangue filling, fly ash filling and the like commonly used in China cannot well solve the contradiction that the east area of China is too many to land. The land area for digging deep and filling shallow reclamation is less, a large amount of reclamation materials are needed for filling coal gangue or fly ash, the transport distance is large, the economic cost is high, after filling, chemical components or heavy metals contained in the filler influence the growth of crops and the quality of products, moreover, at present, industrial wastes such as coal gangue and fly ash are basically recycled in mining areas, and sufficient coal gangue or fly ash for filling is not available.
In order to solve the problem of insufficient filling materials, the existing scholars propose a yellow river sediment filling and reclamation technology, which not only can reasonably utilize the yellow river water and sediment resources, but also can increase the cultivated land area to the maximum extent and relieve the man-ground contradiction of a mining area; the elevation of the riverbed of the yellow river can be reduced while the cultivated land is recovered, the flood control benefit is improved, and the sludge disposal problem can be solved. However, the yellow river sediment filling and reclamation technology needs to comprehensively consider the sand demand, the sand taking and conveying process, the filling and drainage, the filling process and the like during filling.
In summary, in order to fully utilize the advantages of mining and reclaiming, solve the problem of insufficient soil resources, further improve the recovery rate of cultivated land and shorten the reclamation period, a method for combining the yellow river silt filling technology with mining and reclaiming at the same time is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a reclamation method for dynamically filling coal mining subsidence land by yellow river silt. The invention utilizes dynamic subsidence to predict the speed and the range of the ground surface subsidence of the mining working face, and dynamically reclaims the coal mining subsidence land which is possibly collapsed in advance through the yellow river sediment dynamic filling reclamation construction process, thereby reducing the later reclamation cost, simultaneously increasing the land utilization efficiency, shortening the reclamation period and realizing the coal mining and the land protection of the high diving place-plain mine area.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for dynamically filling coal mining subsidence land by using yellow river silt, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) predicting the maximum subsidence value of the mining subsidence and the subsidence values of all stages, comprising the following steps:
1-1) selecting mining units and mining time points for each working face according to a mining plan and geological conditions of a coal mining subsidence, taking a single working face as an example for explanation, subdividing the working face into a plurality of regular rectangular mining units along a mining direction, numbering each mining unit according to 1,2, …, i, … and n in sequence, wherein n is a positive integer, the width of each mining unit is 15-100 m, and the length of each mining unit is 100-500 m;
1-2) based on the Knothe time function, obtaining a dynamic subsidence contour line of each mining time interval of a mining unit by adopting a probability integration method; the specific method is described as follows:
the working face adopts a Cartesian coordinate system, a line parallel to the coal seam trend in a downhill calculation boundary in the inclined main section of the goaf is set as an X axis, a line parallel to the inclined direction of the goaf in a left calculation boundary in the inclined main section of the goaf is set as a Y axis, coordinates of a point W on an arbitrary section forming a phi angle with the coal seam trend are set as X and Y, and a subsidence value W of the arbitrary point W in the arbitrary direction in the earth surface subsidence basin can be deduced according to an expression of the subsidence basini(xi,yi,ti) As shown in expression (1):
in the formula:
rithe main influence radius of any mining level of the ith mining unit is calculated according to a formula (2) and is in a unit of m;
βithe major impact angle for the ith mining unit;
Hithe mining depth of the coal bed of the ith mining unit is m;
Dithe area of the goaf of the ith mining unit in m2；
xi，yiFor any point w in the ith mining unitiIn m;
Wcmthe maximum subsidence value of the fully mined ground surface is in mm;
η, epsilon is the infinitesimal variable in the multiple integrals respectively;
f(ti) As a function of the knothe time,
tifor the time interval between the predicted and actual production time of the ith production unit, ciDetermining a surface subsidence velocity coefficient of the ith mining unit in the mining subsidence area according to a formula (3), wherein v in the formula (3) is a working face advancing velocity;
ci＝2.0×v×tanβi/Hi(3)
respectively predicting the dynamic subsidence value of each mining time interval of the mining units by the formula (1), and respectively drawing the predicted dynamic subsidence isoline of each mining time interval of each mining unit;
2) determining a filling and reclamation range: the underground mining units are regular rectangles, the area of the ground surface subsidence range corresponding to each mining unit is an irregular ellipse, the end points of the major and minor axes of the ellipse are taken as the circle center, r isiIs a radius, then the long and short axis end points are arranged according to the radius riThe extended points being connected by a rectangle, cThe formed range is the maximum ground surface influence range caused by the ith mining unit, and each mining unit i takes the external rectangle of the maximum influence range as the ground surface filling reclamation range Dt of the corresponding mining uniti(ii) a Within each reclamation range DtiDividing the mining face into a plurality of filling units according to the mining direction, wherein the size width of each filling unit is 25-35 m, the length of each filling unit is 100-500 m, all the filling units are numbered according to 1,2, …, j, … and m in sequence, and m is a positive integer;
3) determination of the entire reclamation Range of the Earth's surface DtReclamation filling time of0: determining the water level as h according to the hydrogeological map of the regionDiving *Then, according to the formula (1), let W (x, y, t) be hDiving *Taking the calculated t as the whole reclamation range D of the earth surfacetReclamation filling time of0；
4) Determining the reclamation design elevation H of each filling uniti*: determining the reclamation design elevation H of each filling unit according to the ground surface settlement degree in the underground coal mining process by combining the actual landform and landform of the ground surface and the land utilization classificationi *；
5) Selecting a filling mode of the subsidence area as multi-layer multiple yellow guiding filling; determining the soil stripping thickness of the coal mining subsidence land to be 0.5-1 m according to the soil thickness of core soil and surface soil to be filled and the maximum soil stripping thickness of the coal mining subsidence land, wherein the surface soil stripping thickness is 0.2-0.5 m, and the core soil stripping thickness is 0-0.8 m; the filling soil structure characteristics from bottom to top are: a silt layer-a subsoil layer … … a silt layer-a subsoil layer-a topsoil layer;
6) determining the times K of the multiple-layer multiple yellow-leading filling of each filling unit according to the formulas (4) to (5)jAnd the filling time interval T of the front and the rear filling unitsjThe calculation formulas are respectively as follows:
calculating the times K of multiple yellow-leading filling of multiple layers of each filling unitjThe formula of (1) is as follows:
in the formula, Hj_bThe residual depth to be filled of the filling unit j after the completion of the b-th filling is m; wmax_j_b-1The maximum subsidence depth of the filling unit j after the b-1 filling is completed is calculated according to the formula (1), the unit is m, the formula (1) can calculate the subsidence value of any point on the earth surface, and therefore Wmax_j_b-1Can be obtained by calculation of formula (1); s is the concentration of pipeline sand transportation in kg/m3；ρsIn terms of silt density in kg/m3(ii) a When in use
That is, the determined filling times b when the filling unit is filled to the reclamation design elevation are the times K of filling silt in a layered mode of the filling unit jj，Kj＝2～4；
Calculating the filling time T of each filling unitjThe formula of (1) is:
Tj＝Tj1+Tj2+Tj3+Tj4+Tj5(5)
in the formula, TjThe filling time interval between the front filling unit and the rear filling unit is the time of the whole filling process of the filling unit j; t isj1-Tj5Sequential filling time, T, of filling cell j in sequencej1Time when the filling unit j is filled with the water sand, Tj2The settling time of the silt in the standing water, Tj3For the time of clear water, Tj4For filling the drainage consolidation time of supersaturated silt, Tj5Backfilling, leveling and compacting the core soil;
7) determining the thickness of each soil structure layer as follows: the thickness of the surface soil layer is 0.2-0.5 m, the thickness of each core soil layer is 0.1-0.4m, the thickness of each silt layer is 0.2-1m, and the thickness of each silt layer is 0.2-1m according to the number K of filling silt in each filling unit layer by layerjDetermining;
8) and (3) performing multi-layer multiple yellow-leading filling on each filling unit according to the determined filling parameters, firstly performing silt layer filling and core soil backfilling, and then performing surface soil backfilling, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
8-1) filling a sediment layer and backfilling a subsoil layer for multiple times according to the structural characteristics of the filled soil set in the step 5): filling adopts a multi-layer and multi-time interval belt staggered filling mode, wherein odd-numbered filling units are filled as one group, even-numbered filling units are filled as another group, or vice versa; when filling, the yellow river silt is filled from the first filling unit of the current group along the direction of the coal bed, when the thickness of the first filling unit reaches the set silt layer to be 0.2-1m, the silt is filled in the second filling unit of the current group, and the operation is carried out until the last filling unit of the current group is filled with the silt layer to be the set thickness; then sequentially filling silt layers in the filling units in the other group according to the same steps; after the filling units finish the work of filling silt in the current layer, the silt settling time is kept for 1-3 days, then the current silt layer of each filling unit is leveled after drainage consolidation, part of subsoil is backfilled and appropriately compacted, and a subsoil layer with the thickness of about 0.1-0.4m is constructed respectively, so that the filling of the silt layer and the backfilling of the subsoil are finished; filling the next layer of sand layer in each filling unit j and backfilling the core soil layer in the same manner until the filling of the last layer of sand layer in each filling unit and the backfilling of the core soil layer are completed; after all filling units in the same group finish the backfilling of the last layer of the silt layer and the core soil layer, respectively backfilling, covering and leveling surface soil for all the filling units in the group;
8-2) after all filling units in the coal mining subsidence land finish yellow-leading filling, leveling and compacting the surface soil.
The invention has the characteristics and beneficial effects that:
the method introduces the silt precipitated at the bottom layer of the yellow river to fill through a reclamation measure for analyzing the problem of unstable coal mining subsidence, optimizes the filling reclamation process, and provides a dynamic filling reclamation method for the silt of the yellow river, so that the method not only can reasonably utilize the water and sand resources of the yellow river, but also can furthest increase the cultivated land area, shorten the reclamation period and relieve the human-land contradiction of the mining area, and is a reclamation technology for soil conservation and land conservation. Finally, the land recovery rate is improved, the reclamation cost is reduced, the economic benefit after reclamation is improved, and the ecological benefit is maximized. The concrete expression is as follows:
(1) greatly improving the cultivated land rate: the conventional technology for reclaiming while mining has a reclamation rate of about 40%, and compared with the conventional technology for reclaiming while mining, the technology for filling the yellow river silt can realize 100% land reclamation by introducing the technology for filling the yellow river silt on the basis of the technology for reclaiming while mining, and the recovery rate of the cultivated land area of the embodiment of the invention can reach more than 95.12%, so that the cultivation rate can be greatly improved.
(2) The reclamation period is greatly shortened: the technology can realize dynamic pre-reclamation of the coal mining subsidence land while mining, the reclamation time is advanced, the yellow-leading filling needs to be layered and repeatedly and alternately filled, the consolidation time after the filling units are leveled and compacted can be utilized to fill the next filling unit, and the reclamation period is greatly shortened by combining the two.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a single face underground mining unit and a corresponding range of above ground reclamation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the division of a single working surface filling unit in the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
The method for dynamically filling coal mining subsidence land by using yellow river silt, which is provided by the invention, is described in detail by combining the attached drawings and the embodiment as follows:
the method specifically comprises the following steps:
1) predicting the maximum subsidence value of the mining subsidence and the subsidence values of all stages, comprising the following steps:
1-1) selecting mining units and mining time points for each working face according to a mining plan and geological conditions of a coal mining subsidence area, taking a single working face as an example for explanation, dividing the working face into a plurality of regular rectangular mining units along a mining direction for facilitating filling and reclamation at different positions of the working face in each time period due to different subsidence values of each point, numbering the mining units according to 1,2, …, i, … and n in sequence, wherein n is a positive integer, the width of each mining unit is 15-100 m, and the length of each mining unit is 100-500 m, and the method is shown in figure 1.
1-2) based on the Knothe time function, obtaining a dynamic subsidence contour line of each mining time interval of a mining unit by adopting a probability integration method; the specific method is described as follows:
the working face adopts a common Cartesian coordinate system, a line parallel to the coal seam trend in a downhill calculation boundary in the inclined main section of the goaf is set as an X axis, a line parallel to the inclined direction of the goaf in a left calculation boundary in the inclined main section of the goaf is set as a Y axis, coordinates of a point W on an arbitrary section forming a phi angle with the coal seam trend are set as X and Y, and a subsidence value W of the arbitrary point W in the arbitrary direction in the earth surface subsidence basin can be deduced according to an expression of the subsidence basini(xi,yi,ti) As shown in expression (1):
in the formula:
rithe main influence radius of any mining level of the ith mining unit is calculated according to a formula (2) and is obtained in the unit of m;
βifor the major influence angle of the ith mining unit, which varies little from one face to another and can be considered approximately constant, the major influence tangent tan β for each mining unitiMay be considered equal;
Hithe mining depth of the coal bed of the ith mining unit is m;
Dithe area of the goaf of the ith mining unit in m2；
xi，yiFor any point w in the ith mining unitiIn m;
Wcmthe maximum subsidence value of the fully mined ground surface, which is usually obtained by observation station data and is a known value, is in mm;
η, epsilon is the infinitesimal variable in the multiple integrals respectively;
f(ti) Is the knothe timeThe function of the function is that of the function,
tifor the time interval between the predicted and actual production time of the ith production unit, ciThe surface subsidence velocity coefficient of the ith mining unit in the mining subsidence area is generally determined by formula (3), wherein v in the formula (3) is the advancing velocity of the working face;
ci＝2.0×v×tanβi/Hi(3)
and (2) respectively predicting the dynamic subsidence value of each mining time interval of the mining unit according to the formula (1), and respectively drawing a predicted dynamic subsidence contour line of each mining time interval of each mining unit.
2) Determining a filling and reclamation range: the working face mining unit i is a mining unit corresponding to a working face of a coal seam buried underground, and the reclamation work after collapse is specific to the ground, so that the determination of the corresponding range of underground and ground is particularly important. As shown in FIG. 1, the underground mining units are regular rectangles, the area of the ground surface subsidence range corresponding to each mining unit is an irregular ellipse, the end point of the major axis and the minor axis of the ellipse is taken as the center of the circle, and r isiIs a radius, then the long and short axis end points are arranged according to the radius riThe extended points are connected in a rectangular manner, the formed range is the maximum ground surface influence range caused by the ith mining unit, and in order to facilitate the calculation of reclamation project amount and the stripping of surface soil, each mining unit i takes the external rectangle with the maximum influence range as the ground surface filling reclamation range Dt of the corresponding mining uniti. Within each reclamation range DtiThe method comprises the steps of dividing the mining units into a plurality of filling units according to the mining direction, wherein the filling units are 25-35 m in width and 100-500 m in length, numbering all the filling units according to 1,2, …, j, … and m in sequence, wherein m is a positive integer, referring to fig. 2, the corresponding relation between a reclamation range and the mining units is referring to fig. 1, and a-h in the drawing are sinking curves corresponding to the mining units respectively.
3) Determination of the entire reclamation Range of the Earth's surface DtReclamation filling time of0: the construction is carried out before large-area water accumulation in the subsidence area under the general condition, so as to reduce the difficulty and the cost of the engineering construction without influencingAnd (5) peeling and protecting the surface soil. Since the reclamation work is usually performed by taking soil reclamation as a measure and taking surface soil stripping as a goal, the timing of land reclamation is considered as the timing of surface soil stripping in most cases. The underground water level of the high water level area is generally 3-5m, and the water level is determined to be h according to the hydrogeological map of the areaDiving *(is a known constant value) and then let W (x, y, t) be h according to equation (1)Diving *(when the sinking value WiThe reclamation should be started when the diving space is reached, or the reclamation is carried out in advance), and the calculated t is taken as the whole reclamation range D of the ground surfacetReclamation filling time of0。
4) Determining the reclamation design elevation H of each filling unitj *: the reclamation design elevation is closely related to the determination of the subsequent reclamation times. Determining the reclamation design elevation H of each filling unit according to the ground surface settlement degree in the underground coal mining process by combining the actual landform and landform of the ground surface and the land utilization classificationj *. The designed elevation for reclamation refers to the elevation which is finally required to be achieved by the filling area after all underground coal mining is finished and the ground is stably sunk after reclamation measures are taken for the filling area, and is the final target of the reclamation filling area.
5) Selecting a filling mode of the subsidence area as multi-layer multiple yellow guiding filling; determining the soil stripping thickness of the coal mining subsidence land to be 0.5-1 m according to the soil thickness of core soil and surface soil to be filled and the maximum soil stripping thickness (0-0.5 m) of the coal mining subsidence land, wherein the surface soil stripping thickness is 0.2-0.5 m, and the core soil stripping thickness is 0-0.8 m; the filling soil structure characteristics from bottom to top are: silt layer-core layer … … silt layer-core layer-topsoil layer.
6) Determining the times K of the multiple-layer multiple yellow-leading filling of each filling unit according to the formulas (4) to (5)jAnd the filling time interval T of the front and the rear filling unitsjThe calculation formulas are respectively as follows:
calculating the times K of multiple yellow-leading filling of multiple layers of each filling unitjThe formula of (1) is as follows:
in the formula, Hj_bThe residual depth to be filled of the filling unit j after the completion of the b-th filling is m; wmax_j_b-1The maximum subsidence depth of the filling unit j after the b-1 filling is completed is calculated according to the formula (1), the unit is m, the formula (1) can calculate the subsidence value of any point on the earth surface, and therefore Wmax_j_b-1Can be obtained by calculation of formula (1); s is the concentration of pipeline sand transportation in kg/m3；ρsIn terms of silt density in kg/m3(ii) a When in use
That is, the determined filling times b when the filling unit is filled to the reclamation design elevation are the times K of filling silt in a layered mode of the filling unit jj，Kj＝2～4；
Calculating the filling time T of each filling unitjThe formula of (1) is:
Tj＝Tj1+Tj2+Tj3+Tj4+Tj5(5)
in the formula, TjThe filling time interval between the front filling unit and the rear filling unit is the time of the whole filling process of the filling unit j; t isj1-Tj5Sequential filling time, T, of filling cell j in sequencej1Time when the filling unit j is filled with the water sand, Tj2The settling time of the silt in the standing water, Tj3For the time of clear water, Tj4For filling the drainage consolidation time of supersaturated silt, Tj5Backfilling, leveling and compacting the core soil; wherein, Tj1I.e. the time T for filling the filling unit with the yellow river siltj3I.e. the time taken for the settled water to be all discharged, Tj2And Tj4The determination of the surface damage degree (including mild degree, moderate degree and severe degree) caused by the mining subsidence needs to be determined according to the hydromechanics related knowledge such as the average flow speed of the water and sand, the average depth of the strips, the average water depth and the like. At filling reclamation time T0Stripping the surface soil and the core soil of the filling unit 1, and filling silt after the stripping is finished, namelyT1The start time of (c).
7) Determining the thickness of each soil structure layer as follows: the thickness of the surface soil layer is 0.2-0.5 m, the thickness of each core soil layer is 0.1-0.4m, the thickness of each silt layer is 0.2-1m, and the thickness of each silt layer is 0.2-1m according to the number K of filling silt in each filling unit layer by layerjAnd (4) determining. Since the amount of stripping of the surface soil and the core soil is limited, the silt filling K is requiredjWhen the required filling times of the subsidence depth is more than 4, the filling depth can be increased during the first silt filling so as to ensure that the subsequent silt filling times do not exceed 4, and correspondingly, the covering times of the subsoil do not exceed 4.
8) And (3) performing multi-layer multiple yellow-leading filling on each filling unit according to the determined filling parameters, firstly performing silt layer filling and core soil backfilling, and then performing surface soil backfilling, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
8-1) filling a sediment layer and backfilling a subsoil layer for multiple times according to the structural characteristics of the filled soil set in the step 5): filling adopts a multi-layer and multi-time interval belt staggered filling mode, wherein odd-numbered filling units are filled firstly as one group, even-numbered filling units are filled secondly as another group, or vice versa (namely, even-numbered filling units are filled firstly as one group, odd-numbered filling units are filled secondly as another group); when the filling is carried out in the embodiment, the yellow river silt is filled from the first filling unit 1 of the current group along the direction of the coal bed, when the thickness of the first filling unit 1 reaches the set silt layer of 0.2-1m, the silt is filled into the second filling unit 3 of the current group, the operation is carried out until the last filling unit in the current group is filled with the silt layer to the set thickness, and then the silt layer is filled into each filling unit in the other group in sequence according to the same steps; after the filling units finish the work of filling silt in the current layer, the silt settling time is kept for 1-3 days, then the current silt layer of each filling unit is leveled after drainage consolidation, part of subsoil is backfilled and appropriately compacted, and a subsoil layer with the thickness of about 0.1-0.4m is constructed respectively, so that the filling of the silt layer and the backfilling of the subsoil are finished; filling the next layer of sand layer in each filling unit j and backfilling the core soil layer in the same manner until the filling of the last layer of sand layer in each filling unit and the backfilling of the core soil layer are completed; and after all the filling units in the same group finish the backfilling of the last layer of the sand layer and the core soil layer, respectively backfilling, covering and leveling the surface soil of all the filling units in the group.
8-2) after all filling units in the coal mining subsidence land finish yellow-leading filling, leveling and compacting the surface soil.
The following are examples of the present invention:
in the embodiment, the dip angle of a coal seam in a high-bay mining area in Shandong is 3 degrees, the average thickness of the coal seam is 9.0m, and the burial depth is 800 m; the underground water burial depth is about 2.0m, and the slope of the ground is mostly between 0 and 2 degrees. The size of the working face is 200 x 1800m, the mining time of the working face is 1 year, and the natural elevation of the earth surface is +43.0 to +44.50 m.
The method for dynamically filling the coal mining subsidence land by using the yellow river silt specifically comprises the following steps:
1) predicting the maximum subsidence value of the mining subsidence and the subsidence values of all stages, comprising the following steps:
1-1) selecting mining units and mining time points for each working face according to a mining plan and geological conditions of a coal mining subsidence area, taking a single working face as an example for explanation, dividing the working face into a plurality of regular rectangular mining units along a mining direction for facilitating filling and reclamation at different positions of the working face in each time period due to different subsidence values of each point, numbering the mining units according to 1,2, …, i, … and n in sequence, wherein n is a positive integer, the width of each mining unit is 15-100 m, and the length of each mining unit is 100-500 m, and the method is shown in figure 1. According to the working face dimensions of the example, the mining unit dimensions are 100m wide and 200m long, with n being 18.
1-2) based on the Knothe time function, obtaining a dynamic subsidence contour line of each mining time interval of a mining unit by adopting a probability integration method; the specific method is described as follows:
the working face adopts a common Cartesian coordinate system, a line parallel to the coal seam trend in a downhill calculation boundary in the inclined main section of the goaf is set as an X axis, and a line parallel to the goaf in a left calculation boundary of the inclined main section of the goaf and the goafThe line parallel to the inclined direction is the Y axis, the coordinates of a point W on any section forming a phi angle with the coal seam trend are x and Y, and the subsidence value W of any point W in any direction in the earth surface subsidence basin can be deduced according to the expression of the subsidence basini(xi,yi,ti) As shown in expression (1):
in the formula:
rithe main influence radius of any mining level of the ith mining unit is calculated according to a formula (2) and is obtained in the unit of m;
βifor the major influence angle of the ith mining unit, which varies little from one face to another and can be considered approximately constant, the major influence tangent tan β for each mining unitiMay be considered equal;
Hithe mining depth of the coal bed of the ith mining unit is m;
Dithe area of the goaf of the ith mining unit in m2；
xi，yiFor any point w in the ith mining unitiIn m;
Wcmthe maximum subsidence value of the fully mined ground surface, which is usually obtained by observation station data and is a known value, is in mm;
η, epsilon is the infinitesimal variable in the multiple integrals respectively;
f(ti) As a function of the knothe time,
tifor the time interval between the predicted and actual production time of the ith production unit, ciFor mining the surface of the ith mining unit in a subsided areaThe sinking velocity coefficient is generally determined by formula (3), wherein v in formula (3) is the advancing velocity of the working face;
ci＝2.0×v×tanβi/Hi(3)
and (2) respectively predicting the dynamic subsidence value of each mining time interval of the mining unit according to the formula (1), and respectively drawing a predicted dynamic subsidence contour line of each mining time interval of each mining unit.
In this example, the major influence angle of the face was 62 °, the major influence angle tangent was 1.9, the face thrust speed was 4.7m/D, and the goaf areas of the mining unit i were all Di＝0.02km2Finally, the subsidence value after stable sinking is obtained, and the area of the maximum goaf is sigma Di＝0.36km2。
2) Determining a filling and reclamation range: the working face mining unit i is a mining unit corresponding to a working face of a coal seam buried underground, and the reclamation work after collapse is specific to the ground, so that the determination of the corresponding range of underground and ground is particularly important. As shown in FIG. 2, the underground mining units are regular rectangles, the area of the surface subsidence range corresponding to each mining unit is an irregular ellipse, the end point of the major axis and the minor axis of the ellipse is taken as the center of the circle, and r isiIs a radius, then the long and short axis end points are arranged according to the radius riThe extended points are connected in a rectangular manner, the formed range is the maximum ground surface influence range caused by the ith mining unit, and in order to facilitate the calculation of reclamation project amount and the stripping of surface soil, each mining unit i takes the external rectangle with the maximum influence range as the ground surface filling reclamation range Dt of the corresponding mining uniti. The reclamation range DtiThe mining method comprises the steps of dividing the mining direction into a plurality of filling units according to the mining direction, wherein the filling units are 25-35 m in width and 100-500 m in length, numbering all the filling units according to the number of 1,2, …, j, …, m is a positive integer, and referring to fig. 2. In this embodiment, the filling unit has a length of 200m and a width of 50 m. The maximum subsidence depth of the mining unit 1 is 1.2m, r101.2/1.9-0.63 m, then Dt1＝(200+0.63×2)(100+0.63×2)＝0.020km2。
3) Determination of the entire reclamation Range of the Earth's surface DtReclamation filling time of0: general conditionsConstruction is carried out before large-area water accumulation in the subsidence area, so that the difficulty and cost of engineering construction are reduced, and the stripping protection of surface soil is not influenced. Since the reclamation work is usually performed by taking soil reclamation as a measure and taking surface soil stripping as a goal, the timing of land reclamation is considered as the timing of surface soil stripping in most cases. The underground water level of the high water level area is generally 3-5m, and the water level is determined to be h according to the hydrogeological map of the areaDiving *(is a known constant value) and then let W (x, y, t) be h according to equation (1)Diving *(when the sinking value WiThe reclamation should be started when the diving space is reached, or the reclamation is carried out in advance), and the calculated t is taken as the whole reclamation range D of the ground surfacetReclamation filling time of0. In this embodiment, the depth of the diving space is 3m, and the reclamation time T can be calculated back according to the formula (1)0Day 52. I.e. beginning to reclaim range D52 days after miningt1Stripping surface soil and core soil, filling silt into the filling units 1, sequentially filling the filling units 3, 5 and 7, and filling even filling units after filling all odd filling units.
4) Determining the reclamation design elevation H of each filling unitj *: the reclamation design elevation is closely related to the determination of the subsequent reclamation times. Determining the reclamation design elevation H of each filling unit according to the ground surface settlement degree in the underground coal mining process by combining the actual landform and landform of the ground surface and the land utilization classificationj *. The designed elevation for reclamation refers to the elevation which is finally required to be achieved by the filling area after all underground coal mining is finished and the ground is stably sunk after reclamation measures are taken for the filling area, and is the final target of the reclamation filling area. In this embodiment, the horizontal elevation is +43.0-44.50m, so 44.50m is taken as the design elevation, i.e. Hj *＝44.50。
5) Selecting a filling mode of the subsidence area as multi-layer multiple yellow guiding filling; determining the soil stripping thickness of the coal mining subsidence land to be 0.5-1 m according to the soil thickness of core soil and surface soil to be filled and the maximum soil stripping thickness (0-0.5 m) of the coal mining subsidence land, wherein the surface soil stripping thickness is 0.2-0.5 m, and the core soil stripping thickness is 0-0.8 m; the filling soil structure characteristics from bottom to top are: silt layer-core layer … … silt layer-core layer-topsoil layer.
6) Determining the times K of the multiple-layer multiple yellow-leading filling of each filling unit according to the formulas (4) to (5)jAnd the filling time interval T of the front and the rear filling unitsjThe calculation formulas are respectively as follows:
calculating the times K of multiple yellow-leading filling of multiple layers of each filling unitjThe formula of (1) is as follows:
in the formula, Hj_bThe residual depth to be filled of the filling unit j after the completion of the b-th filling is m; wmax_j_b-1The maximum sinking depth of the filling unit j after the b-1 filling is completed is calculated according to the formula (1), and the unit is m; s is the concentration of pipeline sand transportation in kg/m3；ρsIn terms of silt density in kg/m3(ii) a When in use
That is, the determined filling times b when the filling unit is filled to the reclamation design elevation are the times K of filling silt in a layered mode of the filling unit jj，Kj＝2～4；
Calculating the filling time T of each filling unitjThe formula of (1) is:
Tj＝Tj1+Tj2+Tj3+Tj4+Tj5(5)
in the formula, TjThe filling time interval between the front filling unit and the rear filling unit is the time of the whole filling process of the filling unit j; t isj1-Tj5Sequential filling time, T, of filling cell j in sequencej1Time when the filling unit j is filled with the water sand, Tj2The settling time of the silt in the standing water, Tj3For the time of clear water, Tj4For filling the drainage consolidation time of supersaturated silt, Tj5Backfilling, flattening and pressing the core soilReal time; wherein, Tj1I.e. the time T for filling the filling unit with the yellow river siltj3I.e. the time taken for the settled water to be all discharged, Tj2And Tj4The determination of the surface damage degree (including mild degree, moderate degree and severe degree) caused by the mining subsidence needs to be determined according to the hydromechanics related knowledge such as the average flow speed of the water and sand, the average depth of the strips, the average water depth and the like. At filling reclamation time T0Stripping surface soil and core soil of the filling unit 1, and filling silt after the stripping is finished to obtain T1The start time of (c).
7) Determining the thickness of each soil structure layer as follows: the thickness of the surface soil layer is 0.2-0.5 m, the thickness of each core soil layer is 0.1-0.4m, the thickness of each silt layer is 0.2-1m, and the thickness of each silt layer is 0.2-1m according to the number K of filling silt in each filling unit layer by layerjAnd (4) determining. Since the amount of stripping of the surface soil and the core soil is limited, the silt filling K is requiredjWhen the required filling times of the subsidence depth is more than 4, the filling depth can be increased during the first silt filling so as to ensure that the subsequent silt filling times do not exceed 4, and correspondingly, the covering times of the subsoil do not exceed 4.
8) And (3) performing multi-layer multiple yellow-leading filling on each filling unit according to the determined filling parameters, firstly performing silt layer filling and core soil backfilling, and then performing surface soil backfilling, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
8-1) filling a sediment layer and backfilling a subsoil layer for multiple times according to the structural characteristics of the filled soil set in the step 5): filling adopts a multi-layer and multi-time interval belt staggered filling mode, filling odd-numbered filling units as one group, and filling even-numbered filling units as another group; in the filling process of the embodiment, the yellow river silt is filled from the filling unit 1 along the direction of the coal seam, when the first filling unit 1 reaches the set silt thickness of 0.2-1m, the silt is filled into the second filling unit 3 in the current group, the operation is carried out until the last filling unit in the current group fills the silt to the set thickness, and then the silt is filled into each filling unit in the other group in the filling units of the group in sequence according to the same steps; after the filling units finish the work of filling silt in the current layer, the silt settling time is kept for 1-3 days, then the current silt layer of each filling unit is leveled after drainage consolidation, part of subsoil is backfilled and appropriately compacted, and a subsoil layer with the thickness of about 0.1-0.4m is constructed respectively, so that the filling of the silt layer and the backfilling of the subsoil are finished; filling the next layer of sand layer in each filling unit j and backfilling the core soil layer in the same manner until the filling of the last layer of sand layer in each filling unit and the backfilling of the core soil layer are completed; and after all the filling units in the same group finish the backfilling of the last layer of the sand layer and the core soil layer, respectively backfilling, covering and leveling the surface soil of all the filling units in the group.
8-2) after all filling units in the coal mining subsidence land finish yellow-leading filling, leveling and compacting the surface soil.
In this embodiment, the depth of the filling unit is 1.2m, and the sand concentration in the pipeline is 500kg/m3Calculation of H1＝1.2m，S＝500，ρsAs 2.65, the average sediment thickness (W) of the sediment after the first filling is calculated according to equation (6)max_1-1×S)/ρsThe thickness of the backfilled subsoil layer is 0.1m, and the depth of the residual strip is 0.834 m. After the second filling, the average sediment thickness of the sediment is 0.157m, and the residual strip depth is 0.577 m. After the third filling, the average sediment thickness of the silt is 0.109m, the thickness of the backfilled core soil layer is 0.1m, and the depth of the residual strip is 0.368 m. And backfilling surface soil of 0.368m after the third filling is finished, and backfilling to the designed elevation. And backfilling the stripped soil according to the sequence of firstly filling the soil in the core and then filling the soil in the surface to reach the designed filling elevation. Therefore, the water and sand filling is required 3 times, the core soil layer needs to be backfilled 3 times in the filling process, and finally, the surface soil with the thickness of about 0.368m is covered to reach the designed elevation. After filling and reclamation are carried out on the subsidence area according to the method, the recovery arable land rate can reach more than 95.12 percent.
At an initial flow rate of 0.4m/s for the sand, T1＝3.97h，T2＝147.46h，T3＝29.46h，T4＝78.17d，T52d, so the filling delay time T is 87.71 d.
Claims (1)
1. A method for dynamically filling coal mining subsidence land by using yellow river silt is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) predicting the maximum subsidence value of the mining subsidence and the subsidence values of all stages, comprising the following steps:
1-1) selecting mining units and mining time points for each working face according to a mining plan and geological conditions of a coal mining subsidence, taking a single working face as an example for explanation, subdividing the working face into a plurality of regular rectangular mining units along a mining direction, numbering each mining unit according to 1,2, …, i, … and n in sequence, wherein n is a positive integer, the width of each mining unit is 15-100 m, and the length of each mining unit is 100-500 m;
1-2) based on the Knothe time function, obtaining a dynamic subsidence contour line of each mining time interval of a mining unit by adopting a probability integration method; the specific method is described as follows:
the working face adopts a Cartesian coordinate system, a line parallel to the coal seam trend in a downhill calculation boundary in the inclined main section of the goaf is set as an X axis, a line parallel to the inclined direction of the goaf in a left calculation boundary in the inclined main section of the goaf is set as a Y axis, coordinates of a point W on an arbitrary section forming a phi angle with the coal seam trend are set as X and Y, and a subsidence value W of the arbitrary point W in the arbitrary direction in the earth surface subsidence basin can be deduced according to an expression of the subsidence basini(xi,yi,ti) As shown in equation (1):
in the formula:
rithe main influence radius of any mining level of the ith mining unit is calculated according to a formula (2) and is in a unit of m;
βithe major impact angle for the ith mining unit;
Hithe mining depth of the coal bed of the ith mining unit is m;
Dithe area of the goaf of the ith mining unit in m2；
xi，yiFor any point w in the ith mining unitiIn m;
Wcmthe maximum subsidence value of the fully mined ground surface is in mm;
η, epsilon is the infinitesimal variable in the multiple integrals respectively;
f(ti) As a function of the knothe time,
tifor the time interval between the predicted and actual production time of the ith production unit, ciDetermining a surface subsidence velocity coefficient of the ith mining unit in the mining subsidence area according to a formula (3), wherein v in the formula (3) is a working face advancing velocity;
ci＝2.0×v×tanβi/Hi(3)
respectively predicting the dynamic subsidence value of each mining time interval of the mining units by the formula (1), and respectively drawing the predicted dynamic subsidence isoline of each mining time interval of each mining unit;
2) determining a filling and reclamation range: the underground mining units are regular rectangles, the area of the ground surface subsidence range corresponding to each mining unit is an irregular ellipse, the end points of the major and minor axes of the ellipse are taken as the circle center, r isiIs a radius, then the long and short axis end points are arranged according to the radius riThe extended points are connected in a rectangular manner, the formed range is the maximum ground surface influence range caused by the ith mining unit, and each mining unit i takes the external rectangle of the maximum influence range as the ground surface filling and reclamation range Dt of the corresponding mining uniti(ii) a Within each reclamation range DtiDividing the mining face into a plurality of filling units according to the mining direction, wherein the size width of each filling unit is 25-35 m, the length of each filling unit is 100-500 m, all the filling units are numbered according to 1,2, …, j, … and m in sequence, and m is a positive integer;
3) determining the earth's surfaceWhole reclamation Range DtReclamation filling time of0: determining the water level as h according to the hydrogeological map of the regionDiving *Then, according to the formula (1), let W (x, y, t) be hDiving *Taking the calculated t as the whole reclamation range D of the earth surfacetReclamation filling time of0；
4) Determining the reclamation design elevation H of each filling uniti *: determining the reclamation design elevation H of each filling unit according to the ground surface settlement degree in the underground coal mining process by combining the actual landform and landform of the ground surface and the land utilization classificationi *；
5) Selecting a filling mode of the subsidence area as multi-layer multiple yellow guiding filling; determining the soil stripping thickness of the coal mining subsidence land to be 0.5-1 m according to the soil thickness of core soil and surface soil to be filled and the maximum soil stripping thickness of the coal mining subsidence land, wherein the surface soil stripping thickness is 0.2-0.5 m, and the core soil stripping thickness is 0-0.8 m; the filling soil structure characteristics from bottom to top are: a silt layer-a subsoil layer … … a silt layer-a subsoil layer-a topsoil layer;
6) determining the times K of the multiple-layer multiple yellow-leading filling of each filling unit according to the formulas (4) to (5)jAnd the filling time interval T of the front and the rear filling unitsjThe calculation formulas are respectively as follows:
calculating the times K of multiple yellow-leading filling of multiple layers of each filling unitjThe formula of (1) is as follows:
in the formula, Hj_bThe residual depth to be filled of the filling unit j after the completion of the b-th filling is m; wmax_j_b-1The maximum subsidence depth of the filling unit j after the b-1 filling is completed is calculated according to the formula (1), the unit is m, the formula (1) can calculate the subsidence value of any point on the earth surface, and therefore Wmax_j_b-1 can be calculated from formula (1); s is the concentration of pipeline sand transportation in kg/m3；ρsIn order to obtain the density of the silt,unit is kg/m3(ii) a When in use
That is, the determined filling times b when the filling unit is filled to the reclamation design elevation are the times K of filling silt in a layered mode of the filling unit jj，Kj＝2～4；
Calculating the filling time T of each filling unitjThe formula of (1) is:
Tj＝Tj1+Tj2+Tj3+Tj4+Tj5(5)
in the formula, TjThe filling time interval between the front filling unit and the rear filling unit is the time of the whole filling process of the filling unit j; t isj1-Tj5Sequential filling time, T, of filling cell j in sequencej1Time when the filling unit j is filled with the water sand, Tj2The settling time of the silt in the standing water, Tj3For the time of clear water, Tj4For filling the drainage consolidation time of supersaturated silt, Tj5Backfilling, leveling and compacting the core soil;
7) determining the thickness of each soil structure layer as follows: the thickness of the surface soil layer is 0.2-0.5 m, the thickness of each core soil layer is 0.1-0.4m, the thickness of each silt layer is 0.2-1m, and the thickness of each silt layer is 0.2-1m according to the number K of filling silt in each filling unit layer by layerjDetermining;
8) and (3) performing multi-layer multiple yellow-leading filling on each filling unit according to the determined filling parameters, firstly performing silt layer filling and core soil backfilling, and then performing surface soil backfilling, wherein the specific steps are as follows:
8-1) filling a sediment layer and backfilling a subsoil layer for multiple times according to the structural characteristics of the filled soil set in the step 5): filling adopts a multi-layer and multi-time interval belt staggered filling mode, wherein odd-numbered filling units are filled as one group, even-numbered filling units are filled as another group, or vice versa; when filling, the yellow river silt is filled from the first filling unit of the current group along the direction of the coal bed, when the thickness of the first filling unit reaches the set silt layer to be 0.2-1m, the silt is filled in the second filling unit of the current group, and the operation is carried out until the last filling unit of the current group is filled with the silt layer to be the set thickness; then sequentially filling silt layers in the filling units in the other group according to the same steps; after the filling units finish the work of filling silt in the current layer, the silt settling time is kept for 1-3 days, then the current silt layer of each filling unit is leveled after drainage consolidation, part of subsoil is backfilled and appropriately compacted, and a subsoil layer with the thickness of 0.1-0.4m is constructed respectively, so that the filling of the silt layer and the backfilling of the subsoil are finished; filling the next layer of sand layer in each filling unit j and backfilling the core soil layer in the same manner until the filling of the last layer of sand layer in each filling unit and the backfilling of the core soil layer are completed; after all filling units in the same group finish the backfilling of the last layer of the silt layer and the core soil layer, respectively backfilling, covering and leveling surface soil for all the filling units in the group;
8-2) after all filling units in the coal mining subsidence land finish yellow-leading filling, leveling and compacting the surface soil.
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| CN113792429B (en) * | 2021-09-14 | 2024-05-03 | 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司 | Method for predicting dynamic stress strain of buried pipeline in goaf by using time function |
| CN113841478B (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2023-09-08 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for reconstructing soil in coal mining subsidence area by using coal-based solid waste |
| CN114595544B (en) * | 2022-05-10 | 2022-11-11 | 中国海洋大学 | Comprehensive safety evaluation method for buried pipeline in coal mine goaf |
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