CN109365845B - Optical turning tool and machining process thereof - Google Patents
Optical turning tool and machining process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN109365845B CN109365845B CN201811373484.9A CN201811373484A CN109365845B CN 109365845 B CN109365845 B CN 109365845B CN 201811373484 A CN201811373484 A CN 201811373484A CN 109365845 B CN109365845 B CN 109365845B
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- cutting edge
- angle
- tool
- cutter
- turning tool
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23B—TURNING; BORING
- B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
- B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
- B23B27/18—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with cutting bits or tips or cutting inserts rigidly mounted, e.g. by brazing
- B23B27/20—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with cutting bits or tips or cutting inserts rigidly mounted, e.g. by brazing with diamond bits or cutting inserts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/28—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools
- B23P15/30—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass cutting tools lathes or like tools
Abstract
The invention provides an optical turning tool. The optical turning tool comprises a tool body and a cutting edge, wherein the tool body is made of tungsten steel materials and comprises a tool handle and a tool bit, the tool handle is of a rectangular structure, and the tool bit is of a bow structure; the cutting edge is arranged at the upper end of the cutter body and close to the cutter head and is made of diamond materials; the cutting edge includes the circular arc portion, certainly the circular arc portion both ends are along the side face portion of tool bit side parallel extension, and connect in two the afterbody of side face portion, the afterbody is V type structure. Compared with the prior art, the optical turning tool provided by the invention is made of tungsten steel materials, has strong wear resistance and high use function, and can be used for finely processing infrared materials such as nickel-plated aluminum mold cores, silicon, germanium, zinc sulfide and the like, so that the yield is improved. The invention also provides a processing technology of the optical turning tool.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optics, in particular to an optical turning tool and a processing technology thereof.
Background
In the optical field, an aspheric optical element is generally composed of a spherical surface and an aspheric surface. The spherical surface is generally processed by the traditional method, and the aspheric surface is processed by the traditional processing method to be closer to the spherical surface and then is cut, ground and polished by the advanced manufacturing technology, namely computer numerical control processing. The blank of optical parts is processed into transparent optical surface, and no matter the blank is processed by using bulk abrasive or fixed abrasive, three basic procedures of rough grinding, fine grinding and polishing are required. In this process, glass is ground on the surface of aspherical glass in a crossing manner by using one or a plurality of turning tools.
Therefore, the optical turning tool has extremely high requirements on the hardness and fineness of the optical turning tool, and an optical turning tool and a machining process thereof are needed to meet the technical requirements.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an optical turning tool capable of meeting the requirement of processing a refined optical aspheric surface and a processing technology thereof.
The present invention provides an optical turning tool, comprising:
the cutter body is made of tungsten steel materials and comprises a cutter handle and a cutter head, wherein the cutter handle is of a rectangular structure, and the cutter head is of a bow structure;
the cutting edge is arranged at the upper end of the cutter body, is close to the cutter head and is made of diamond materials; the cutting edge includes the circular arc portion, certainly the circular arc portion both ends are along the side face portion of tool bit side parallel extension, and connect in two the afterbody of side face portion, the afterbody is V type structure.
Preferably, the blade has a first inclined portion, a second inclined portion and a third inclined portion in order from the blade body in the height direction, the first inclined portion extends outward and upward from the blade body, the second inclined portion extends outward and upward from the blade body along the first inclined portion, and the third inclined portion extends from the second inclined portion toward the blade body.
Preferably, a vertical height of the first inclined portion is greater than vertical heights of the second and third inclined portions.
Preferably, an included angle between the third inclined part and the horizontal direction is a negative rake angle, and the negative rake angle is 25 degrees; an included angle between the second inclined part and the vertical direction is a rear angle, and the rear angle is 3-10 degrees; the included angle between the first inclined part and the vertical direction is a two-back angle which is 15-45 degrees.
Preferably, the first back angle is a cylindrical or conical structure, the vertical height of the first back angle is 0.1-0.2 mm, and the R angle of the circular arc part is 0.01-1.5 mm.
Preferably, the vertical height of the second inclined part is 0.15 to 0.2 mm.
Preferably, a step is arranged on the part, close to the cutter head, of the cutter handle.
Preferably, the cutting edge is made of natural diamond or chemical gas-phase diamond, and the cutting edge is connected with the cutter body in a vacuum single-edge welding mode or a cutter grain type assembling mode.
The invention also provides a processing technology of the optical turning tool, which comprises the following steps:
selecting a cutting edge, wherein natural diamond or an artificial diamond material synthesized by high temperature and high pressure or chemical vapor deposition is generally adopted;
manufacturing a cutter body, manufacturing the cutter handle into a straight handle type structure or a step type structure according to an actual processing workpiece, and processing the cutter head into a bow structure;
step three, processing diamond raw materials, namely performing laser cutting on the diamond raw materials for manufacturing the blade, and performing rough machining on the diamond raw materials to form an arc part, a side part and a tail part;
step four, assembling and welding, namely welding one side surface of the roughly machined cutting edge to the cutter head part of the cutter body in a welding or vacuum welding mode, or screwing the side surface of the roughly machined cutting edge to the cutter head part in a cutter grain type assembling mode;
step five, finish machining the cutting edge, finely grinding the cutting edge, forming the cutting edge according to an actual machining workpiece, sequentially forming a first inclined part, a second inclined part and a third inclined part from the cutter body in the height direction of the cutting edge, and forming a negative front angle, a first back angle, a second back angle and an R angle of a fine grinding arc part;
and step six, calibrating the optical turning tool and finishing the processing of the optical turning tool.
Preferably, after the step five blade edge is finished, the profile degree of the blade edge is less than 50 nanometers, and in the step six, the blade edge is calibrated by amplifying the blade edge to 250 times and 1000 times by using a quadratic element amplifying machine.
Compared with the related art, the optical turning tool provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the cutter body is made of tungsten steel materials, has strong wear resistance and basically zero scraping loss, has the hardness close to that of natural diamonds, is not easy to wear, and can be polished into the shape of the cutter body;
and secondly, according to actual optical processing requirements, the angle values of the negative front angle, the first back angle and the second back angle are reasonably designed, the use function of the turning tool can be improved, the nickel-plated aluminum mold core, silicon, germanium, zinc sulfide and other infrared materials are finely processed, and the yield is improved.
The invention also provides a processing technology of the optical turning tool, which also has the beneficial effects.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of an optical turning tool according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of an optical turning tool according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of the optical turning tool machining process provided by the present invention;
fig. 4 is a report of the inspection of the optical turning tool provided by the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments with reference to the attached drawings. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict. For convenience of description, the words "upper", "lower", "left" and "right" in the following description are used only to indicate the correspondence between the upper, lower, left and right directions of the drawings themselves, and do not limit the structure.
Please refer to fig. 1 and fig. 2, wherein fig. 1 is a schematic front view structure diagram of an optical turning tool provided by the present invention, and fig. 2 is a schematic top view structure diagram of the optical turning tool provided by the present invention; the optical turning tool comprises a tool body 1 and a cutting edge 2.
The cutter body 1 is made of tungsten steel materials, and is formed by adopting integral tungsten steel as a base body through multiple production processes. The cutter body 1 is prepared by pressing and sintering high-quality tungsten carbide and cobalt powder after being mixed according to a formula and a ratio, and has high hardness, high strength, high wear resistance and high elastic modulus.
The cutter body 1 comprises a cutter handle 11 and a cutter head 12, wherein the cutter handle 11 is of a rectangular structure and can be of a straight handle type or convenient to clamp, and a step is arranged on the part, close to the cutter head 12, of the cutter handle 11. The cutter head 12 is of a bow structure.
The cutting edge 2 is screwed on the upper end of the cutter body 1 and is arranged close to the cutter head 12 by adopting a vacuum single-edge welding mode or a particle type assembling mode. The blade 2 is made of diamond material, and the diamond material can be made of natural diamond or chemical gas phase diamond.
As shown in fig. 2, the blade 2 includes an arc portion 21, side portions 22 extending from both ends of the arc portion 21 in parallel along the side surfaces of the blade 12, and a tail portion 23 connected to the side portions 22, and the tail portion 23 has a V-shaped configuration. The R angle of the circular arc part is 0.01 mm-1.5 mm. Preferably R0.4mm.
As shown in fig. 1, the blade 2 is provided with a first inclined portion 24, a second inclined portion 25 and a third inclined portion 26 in order from the blade body 1 in the height direction, the first inclined portion 24 extends outward and upward from the blade body 1, the second inclined portion 25 extends outward and upward from the blade body 1 along the first inclined portion 24, and the third inclined portion 26 extends from the second inclined portion 25 in the direction adjacent to the blade body 1.
The vertical height of the first inclined portion 24 is greater than the vertical height of the second and third inclined portions 25 and 26.
The included angle between the third inclined portion 26 and the horizontal direction is a negative rake angle α, the negative rake angle α is 25 degrees, the included angle between the second inclined portion 25 and the vertical direction is a first relief angle β, the first relief angle β is 3-10 degrees, the included angle between the first inclined portion 24 and the vertical direction is a second relief angle lambda, the second relief angle lambda is 15-45 degrees, generally, the relief angle is large, the wear of a relief surface is small, the strength of a tool nose is reduced, the second relief angle lambda is 15-20 degrees, the small relief angle is suitable for workpiece materials with high-strength mechanical properties, and the large relief angle is suitable for softer or low-strength workpiece materials.
The back angle β is a cylindrical or conical structure with a vertical height of 0.1-0.2 mm, and the vertical height of the second inclined portion 25 is 0.15-0.2 mm.
As shown in fig. 3, the present invention further provides a processing technique of an optical turning tool, including the following steps:
in the first step, the material of the blade is selected, and natural diamond or artificial diamond material (chemical phase diamond) synthesized by high temperature and high pressure or chemical vapor deposition is generally adopted. Natural diamond is the hardest substance in the known minerals, and chemical phase diamond is a diamond film synthesized on a foreign body by a chemical vapor deposition method.
And step two, manufacturing a cutter body, manufacturing the cutter handle into a straight handle type structure or a step type structure according to an actual processing workpiece, and processing the cutter head into a bow structure.
And step three, processing the diamond raw material, namely performing laser cutting on the diamond raw material for manufacturing the blade, and performing rough machining on the diamond raw material to form an arc part, a side part and a tail part.
And step four, assembling and welding, namely welding one side surface of the roughly machined cutting edge to the cutter head part of the cutter body in a welding mode or a vacuum welding mode, or screwing the side surface of the roughly machined cutting edge to the cutter head part in a cutter grain type assembling mode.
And step five, finely grinding the cutting edge, forming the cutting edge according to an actual machining workpiece, sequentially forming a first inclined part, a second inclined part and a third inclined part from the cutter body in the height direction of the cutting edge, forming a negative front angle, a first back angle, a second back angle and an R angle of a finely-ground arc part, wherein the profile degree of the finely-ground arc part is less than 50 nanometers.
And sixthly, calibrating the optical turning tool by adopting a quadratic element amplification machine to amplify the optical turning tool to 250 times and 1000 times, and finishing the processing of the optical turning tool.
As shown in fig. 4, it can be seen from the examination that the waviness of the edge of the diamond surface can be processed to less than 40 nm, thereby making the sharpness of the edge higher, so that the surface with roughness less than 40 nm can be processed by the ultra-precision machine tool.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all modifications of equivalent structures and equivalent processes, which are made by using the contents of the present specification and the accompanying drawings, or directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An optical turning tool, comprising:
the cutter body is made of tungsten steel materials and comprises a cutter handle and a cutter head, wherein the cutter handle is of a rectangular structure, and the cutter head is of a bow structure;
the cutting edge is arranged at the upper end of the cutter body, is close to the cutter head and is made of diamond materials; the cutting edge comprises an arc part, side parts extending from two ends of the arc part in parallel along the side surface of the cutter head, and a tail part connected with the two side parts, wherein the tail part is of a V-shaped structure;
the height direction of the cutting edge is sequentially provided with a first inclined part, a second inclined part and a third inclined part from the cutter body, the first inclined part extends outwards and upwards from the cutter body, the second inclined part extends outwards and upwards from the cutter body along the first inclined part, and the third inclined part extends from the second inclined part to the direction close to the cutter body;
an included angle between the third inclined part and the horizontal direction is a negative rake angle, and the negative rake angle is 25 degrees; an included angle between the second inclined part and the vertical direction is a rear angle, and the rear angle is 3-10 degrees; the included angle between the first inclined part and the vertical direction is a two-back angle which is 15-45 degrees.
2. The optical lathe tool according to claim 1, wherein the vertical height of the first inclined portion is greater than the vertical height of the second and third inclined portions.
3. The optical turning tool of claim 1, wherein the clearance angle is a cylindrical or conical structure, the vertical height of the clearance angle is 0.1-0.2 mm, and the R angle of the circular arc portion is 0.01-1.5 mm.
4. The optical turning tool according to claim 1, wherein the vertical height of the second inclined portion is 0.15 to 0.2 mm.
5. An optical turning tool according to claim 1 wherein the shank is provided with a step adjacent the nose portion.
6. The optical turning tool of claim 1, wherein the cutting edge is made of natural diamond or chemical vapor diamond, and the cutting edge and the tool body are connected by vacuum single-edge welding or tool-grain assembly.
7. The optical turning tool machining process according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
selecting a cutting edge, wherein natural diamond or an artificial diamond material synthesized by high temperature and high pressure or chemical vapor deposition is generally adopted;
manufacturing a cutter body, manufacturing the cutter handle into a straight handle type structure or a step type structure according to an actual processing workpiece, and processing the cutter head into a bow structure;
step three, processing diamond raw materials, namely performing laser cutting on the diamond raw materials for manufacturing the blade, and performing rough machining on the diamond raw materials to form an arc part, a side part and a tail part;
step four, assembling and welding, namely welding one side surface of the roughly machined cutting edge to the cutter head part of the cutter body in a welding mode or a vacuum welding mode, or screwing the side surface of the roughly machined cutting edge to the cutter head part in a cutter grain type assembling mode;
step five, finish machining the cutting edge, finely grinding the cutting edge, forming the cutting edge according to an actual machining workpiece, sequentially forming a first inclined part, a second inclined part and a third inclined part from the cutter body in the height direction of the cutting edge, and forming a negative front angle, a first back angle, a second back angle and an R angle of a fine grinding arc part;
and step six, calibrating the optical turning tool and finishing the processing of the optical turning tool.
8. The optical turning tool machining process according to claim 7, wherein the profile of the finished tool is less than 50 nm in the step five, and the tool is calibrated in the step six by using a two-dimensional magnification machine for magnification of 250 times and 1000 times.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811373484.9A CN109365845B (en) | 2018-11-16 | 2018-11-16 | Optical turning tool and machining process thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811373484.9A CN109365845B (en) | 2018-11-16 | 2018-11-16 | Optical turning tool and machining process thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN109365845A CN109365845A (en) | 2019-02-22 |
| CN109365845B true CN109365845B (en) | 2020-07-10 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109454249B (en) * | 2018-11-16 | 2021-03-02 | 深圳市誉和钻石工具有限公司 | Optical turning tool and cutting method thereof |
| CN111975024A (en) * | 2019-05-24 | 2020-11-24 | 深圳市誉和钻石工具有限公司 | Ultra-precise laser knife and processing technology thereof |
| CN112935300B (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2024-04-09 | 深圳市誉和光学精密刀具有限公司 | Sulfur reamer and processing technology thereof |
| CN110936118A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-03-31 | 东莞市凯融光学科技有限公司 | Method for manufacturing tungsten carbide material mold core |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008229810A (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2008-10-02 | Allied Material Corp | Diamond tool for ultra-precision machining |
| CN202571339U (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2012-12-05 | 成都奥晶科技有限责任公司 | Cutter specially used for turning small-aperture die core |
| CN202655669U (en) * | 2012-04-14 | 2013-01-09 | 郑州市钻石精密制造有限公司 | Polycrystalline diamond turning tool for processing wheel hubs |
| CN106884202A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2017-06-23 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Diamond single crystal and MONOCRYSTAL DIAMOND TOOLS |
-
2018
- 2018-11-16 CN CN201811373484.9A patent/CN109365845B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2008229810A (en) * | 2007-03-23 | 2008-10-02 | Allied Material Corp | Diamond tool for ultra-precision machining |
| CN202571339U (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2012-12-05 | 成都奥晶科技有限责任公司 | Cutter specially used for turning small-aperture die core |
| CN202655669U (en) * | 2012-04-14 | 2013-01-09 | 郑州市钻石精密制造有限公司 | Polycrystalline diamond turning tool for processing wheel hubs |
| CN106884202A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2017-06-23 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | Diamond single crystal and MONOCRYSTAL DIAMOND TOOLS |
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| CN109365845A (en) | 2019-02-22 |
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Effective date of registration: 20210120 Address after: 518000 Room 101, No.6 Biyi Road, Liuyue community, Henggang street, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: Shenzhen Yuhe Optical Precision Tool Co.,Ltd. Address before: 518000 4th floor, No.27 factory building, Lianchuang Science Park, 21 Bulan Road, Nanwan street, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province Patentee before: SHENZHEN YUHE DIAMOND TOOLS Co.,Ltd. |