CN109362608B - Heat dissipation index of livestock and poultry organism and livestock and poultry climate stress risk prevention scheme - Google Patents
Heat dissipation index of livestock and poultry organism and livestock and poultry climate stress risk prevention scheme Download PDFInfo
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- CN109362608B CN109362608B CN201811136015.5A CN201811136015A CN109362608B CN 109362608 B CN109362608 B CN 109362608B CN 201811136015 A CN201811136015 A CN 201811136015A CN 109362608 B CN109362608 B CN 109362608B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K45/00—Other aviculture appliances, e.g. devices for determining whether a bird is about to lay
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K29/00—Other apparatus for animal husbandry
- A01K29/005—Monitoring or measuring activity, e.g. detecting heat or mating
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
Abstract
The invention discloses a scheme for preventing heat dissipation indexes of livestock and poultry bodies and livestock and poultry climate stress risks. The heat dissipation index CTI of livestock and poultry body is C0- (0.026+0.564W +0.0181 Δ t Δ V). According to the physical characteristics of influence of three main physical factors, namely temperature, humidity and wind power, on heat dissipation, the heat dissipation index and algorithm of the livestock and poultry organism for evaluating the influence of the environment on the heat dissipation of the organism are constructed. The scheme for preventing the livestock and poultry climate stress risk is that the environmental climate is divided into three types of cold stress, suitability and heat stress according to the magnitude of the CTI (comparative tracking index) of the livestock and poultry organism, the grading design is carried out according to the potential risk of causing stress in each type according to the climate heat dissipation index, and the corresponding system is established according to the grading system, starting from the aspects of physiology, nutrition, environmental sanitation modification, drug prevention and the like, so that the health of the livestock and poultry and the quality of livestock and poultry products are guaranteed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a livestock and poultry disease prevention and feeding management technology, in particular to a livestock and poultry organism heat dissipation index and an algorithm thereof, and a livestock and poultry climate stress risk prevention scheme established based on the livestock and poultry organism heat dissipation index algorithm.
Background
With the rapid development of livestock industry in China and the increasing demand of livestock products in the market, livestock breeding gradually tends to scale, industrialization and intensification. In the process of breeding upgrading transformation, economic loss caused by livestock stress caused by climatic environment becomes increasingly prominent. The climate environment refers to various meteorological and environmental factors which can affect the organism, such as temperature, humidity, airflow (wind) speed, solar radiation and the like in the air around the livestock and poultry. Researches show that the change of the climatic environment can cause the livestock to generate adaptive stress response, and when the stress is continuously developed, various physiological indexes of the organism are abnormal, so that primary or secondary diseases are caused, the health of the organism is influenced, the quality of animal products is reduced, and huge economic loss is caused.
In the prior art, the risk prevention and control scheme for coping with the livestock and poultry climate stress basically takes temperature as reference, takes the experience accumulated when the organism stress reaction occurs as the basis, and can not effectively prevent the stress occurrence in the rescue measures after the livestock and poultry generate the stress reaction.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and shortcomings of the prior art, the invention provides a livestock and poultry organism heat dissipation index and an algorithm thereof.
The livestock and poultry organism heat dissipation index CTI is calculated by adopting the formula (1):
CTI＝C0-(0.026+0.564W+0.0181ΔtW)ΔtV (1)
in formula (1):
C0the heat exchange index between the livestock and poultry organism and the environment is C when the environmental temperature is 0 DEG C0Calculated as (0.026+0.564W +0.0181tW) tV, and t is the animal organism temperature;
delta t is the difference between the temperature of the livestock and poultry organism and the ambient temperature, and takes a positive value;
w is the ambient relative humidity;
v is the ambient wind speed in m/s, usually the speed of the air flow, and when the ambient wind speed is windless or less than 1m/s, V is 1 m/s.
According to the physical characteristics of influence of three main physical factors, namely temperature, humidity and wind power, on heat dissipation, the heat dissipation index and algorithm of the livestock and poultry organism for evaluating the influence of the environment on the heat dissipation of the organism are designed.
The invention also provides a production system scheme for preventing the livestock and poultry climate stress risk.
The livestock and poultry climate stress risk prevention production system scheme provided by the invention comprises the following steps:
the CTI value of the livestock and poultry is obtained by adopting the method;
CTI＜P1when the livestock is in cold stress state, the heat dissipation between the livestock body and the environment exceeds the heat production of the livestock body, the heat production of the livestock body is increased, the heat dissipation of the livestock body is reduced, and the heat in the livestock body is increasedAggregation of the amount;
P1≤CTI≤P2when the livestock is in a proper state, the heat dissipation between the livestock body and the environment is balanced with the heat production of the livestock body, and the livestock body is in an optimal state without manually adjusting the environmental conditions;
CTI＞P2when the livestock is in a heat stress state, the heat dissipation between the livestock body and the environment is lower than the heat dissipation of the livestock body, the heat dissipation of the livestock body is reduced, the heat dissipation of the livestock body is accelerated, and the heat accumulation is reduced;
wherein:
P1＝C0-(0.026+0.564W′+0.0181Δt1*W′)*Δt1*V′ (2)；
P2＝C0-(0.026+0.564W′+0.0181Δt2*W′)*Δt2*V′ (3)
in formulae (2) and (3):
C0(0.026+0.564W ' +0.0181t W ') tv ', t is the livestock organism temperature;
Δt1the temperature of the organism of the livestock and poultry and the ambient temperature T1Taking a positive number as the difference value between the two;
Δt2the animal organism temperature and T2Taking a positive number as the difference value between the two;
(T1，T2) Suitable survival temperature range for livestock and poultry, T1＜T2；
W' is W1And W2Intermediate value of (W)1，W2) Suitable for the living environment of the livestock and poultry within the humidity range W1＜W2；
V' is V1And V2Intermediate value of (V)1，V2) Suitable for the living environment of the livestock and poultry, the wind speed range V1＜V2. The determination of the intermediate value may be the intermediate value between the maximum value and the minimum value, or the intermediate value ± 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3, that is, the value is within the allowable error range.
The organism temperature, the suitable living temperature, the environmental humidity and the wind speed range of the livestock and poultry are generally determined by measuring, consulting the existing literature data or/and clinical production research. Wherein the temperature of the livestock and poultry organism can be averaged over a plurality of measurements.
The CTI classification grading system for the stress types and the risk degrees of the livestock and poultry is characterized in that the environmental climate is classified into three types of cold stress, proper stress and heat stress according to the CTI of the organism heat dissipation index of the livestock and poultry, the classification grading system is designed according to the potential risk of causing stress in each type and the climate heat dissipation index, and the corresponding classification grading system is established and starts from the aspects of physiology, nutrition, environmental sanitation modification, drug prevention and the like, so that the health of the livestock and poultry and the quality of livestock and poultry products are guaranteed.
The invention also provides a scheme for preventing the climatic stress risk of the dairy cows by taking the dairy cows as an example.
The dairy cow climate stress risk prevention scheme provided by the invention comprises the following steps: the method is adopted to obtain the CTI value of the milk cow; when CTI is less than 9.14, heat production of the machine body is increased, and heat dissipation of the machine body is reduced; when the CTI is more than or equal to 9.14 and less than or equal to 16.44, the change of external conditions is not required to be adjusted; when CTI is more than 16.44, the heat dissipation of the machine body is enhanced, and the heat production of the machine body is reduced.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can be used as a management measure for avoiding stress risks in the aspects of scientific design, reasonable response to environmental stress, specific science, nutriology, environmental facilities, drug prevention and the like of breeding enterprises, and achieves the purposes of improving animal welfare, enhancing non-specific immunity of organisms and ensuring the health of the organisms of animals.
Detailed Description
The invention provides the most essential characteristic of interaction between an organism and the environment by providing heat dissipation (heat exchange) from the biological characteristics of the nervous system for sensing environmental change and coping thereof, and relates to two aspects of environmental elements and an internal heat dissipation system of the organism. Factors such as temperature, humidity and wind in the environment affect the heat dissipation of the organism, and cause the change of neuroendocrine activity of the organism to further cause the overall stress response of the organism. The temperature, wind power and humidity in the environment respectively influence the heat dissipation of organisms through radiation, convection, conduction and other heat dissipation modes, and the method has the characteristics of being relatively constant, objective and calculable. The heat dissipation system of the body is realized by radiation, convection, conduction, evaporation and heat dissipation through skin (heat dissipation area), respiratory system, urinary system and the like, and the neuroendocrine system can change the heat dissipation of the body by adjusting blood circulation, respiratory frequency, sweat gland secretion, drinking water and the like, so the heat dissipation system has the characteristics of variability, subjectivity and ambiguity.
The biological heat dissipation index (CTI) is a parameter mainly used for evaluating the influence of various environmental factors on the body heat dissipation of livestock and poultry. The CTI value obtained by the index algorithm is related to various factors such as the temperature (T), the humidity (W), the wind speed (V), the atmospheric pressure, the ratio of particulate matters in the air, the body temperature (T) of the livestock and the poultry, the body surface area (S) of the livestock and the poultry and the like.
According to the invention, the environmental climate is divided into three types of cold stress, comfort and heat stress according to the size of the CTI (comparative tracking index) of the livestock and poultry organism:
cold stress category: animal stress caused by short term exposure of livestock to cold environments is referred to as cold stress. Heat dissipation of the body is greater than heat production under cold stress conditions, resulting in heat loss. Taking a cow as an example, if CTI is less than 9.14, a corresponding adjustment measure principle should be made: heat production of the machine body is increased, and heat dissipation of the machine body is reduced;
suitable classes are: the climates such as temperature, humidity, wind power and the like all accord with the optimal growth conditions of the livestock and poultry, and the external conditions do not need to be adjusted to change. For example, the CTI is more than or equal to 9.14 and less than or equal to 16.44, and the heat production and the heat dissipation of the body are approximately balanced;
heat stress type: animal stress caused by short term exposure of livestock to a hot environment is referred to as heat stress. In the case of heat stress, the heat production of the body is greater than the heat dissipation, resulting in the accumulation of heat in the body. Taking a cow as an example, if CTI is more than 16.44, a corresponding adjustment measure principle should be made: strengthen the organism heat dissipation, reduce the organism and produce heat.
Example (b):
the embodiment takes the dairy cow as an example, 1 year of investigation and research work is carried out in Guanzhong areas, and by adopting the biological heat dissipation index, a feeding management classification technology system algorithm model which avoids stress risks, ensures the health of the dairy cow and improves the quality of the dairy cow is established from the aspects of physiology, nutrition, environmental facilities, medicament prevention and the like, so that the aims of improving animal welfare, ensuring the health of animal organisms and improving the core competitiveness of animal products are fulfilled.
When a biological heat dissipation index algorithm is applied to a dairy farm, the body temperature of the dairy cow is determined to be 38.5 ℃ through multiple measurements and data reference; the optimum survival temperature range is determined by consulting data and according to daily production experience: 10-20 ℃; the optimum humidity range is: 45% -55% of the total weight of the raw materials, and taking 50%; the optimum wind speed range is 0.4-1.5m/s, and 1m/s is selected. Wherein:
C0where W is 50%, t is 38.5, and V is 1, (0.026+0.564W +0.0181tW) tV, calculated as C0＝25.27；
When the ambient temperature t is 10, substituting CTI into C0- (0.026+0.564W +0.0181 Δ tW) Δ tV, where W is 50% and Δ t is 38.5-10 ═ 28.5, calculated by substitution to give CTI ═ 9.14;
when the ambient temperature t is 20, the substituted CTI is C0- (0.026+0.564W +0.0181 Δ tW) Δ tV, where W is 50% and Δ t is 38.5-20 ═ 18.5, calculated as CTI ═ 16.44.
Following the scheme of the present invention, based on the above critical values, the following classification management coping scheme is established as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The embodiment takes the dairy cow as an example, and 3 dairy farms in the Guanzhong area are investigated and researched, so that the situation of climate stress of the dairy cow in the feeding process is obvious, the highest proportion can reach 89%, and the urea nitrogen content in the milk is increased, thereby causing serious troubles to the feeding status of the dairy cow industry. After the evaluation system and the stress prevention and control scheme are adopted, the weather stress condition of the dairy farm is well improved, 95 percent of the average dairy cows in 3 dairy farms have no weather stress condition, the weather stress proportion of the dairy cows is reduced by 6 percent, and the milk quality is not abnormal. The investigation result shows that the evaluation system and the stress prevention measures greatly improve the feeding effect of the dairy cows and have obvious effect.
The method of the invention is suitable for various livestock and poultry, such as sheep, chicken, pig, horse, duck and other livestock and poultry. According to the scheme of the invention, a classification and grading management coping scheme suitable for corresponding livestock and poultry can be established.
Claims (2)
1. A general method for preventing livestock from climate stress risk, characterized in that the method comprises:
the CTI value of the livestock and the poultry is obtained,
CTI＝C0-(0.026+0.564W+0.0181Δt*W)*Δt*V (1)
in formula (1):
C0(0.026+0.564W +0.0181t W) t V, t is the livestock organism temperature;
delta t is the difference between the temperature of the livestock and poultry organism and the ambient temperature, and a positive number is taken;
w is the ambient relative humidity;
v is the ambient wind speed, the unit is m/s, and when the ambient wind speed is in a windless state or the wind speed is less than 1m/s, the V is 1 m/s;
CTI＜P1when the livestock is in a cold stress state, the heat dissipation between the livestock body and the environment exceeds the heat production of the livestock body, the heat production of the livestock body is increased, the heat dissipation of the livestock body is reduced, and the heat accumulation in the livestock body is increased;
P1≤CTI≤P2when the livestock is in a proper state, the heat dissipation between the livestock body and the environment is balanced with the heat production of the livestock body, and the livestock body is in an optimal state without manually adjusting the environmental conditions;
CTI＞P2when the livestock is in a heat stress state, the heat dissipation between the livestock body and the environment is lower than the heat dissipation of the livestock body, the heat dissipation of the livestock body is reduced, the heat dissipation of the livestock body is accelerated, and the heat accumulation is reduced;
wherein:
P1＝C0-(0.026+0.564W′+0.0181Δt1*W′)*Δt1*V′ (2)；
P2＝C0-(0.026+0.564W′+0.0181Δt2*W′)*Δt2*V′ (3)；
in formulae (2) and (3):
C0(0.026+0.564W ' +0.0181t W ') tv ', t is the livestock organism temperature;
Δt1the temperature of the organism of the livestock and poultry and the ambient temperature T1Taking a positive number as the difference value between the two;
Δt2the animal organism temperature and T2Taking a positive number as the difference value between the two;
(T1，T2) Suitable survival temperature range for livestock and poultry, T1＜T2；
W' is W1And W2Intermediate value of (W)1，W2) Suitable for the living environment of the livestock and poultry within the humidity range W1＜W2；
V' is V1And V2Intermediate value of (V)1，V2) Suitable for the living environment of the livestock and poultry, the wind speed range V1＜V2。
2. A method for preventing the climate stress risk of dairy cows is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the CTI value of the milk cow is obtained,
CTI＝C0-(0.026+0.564W+0.0181Δt*W)*Δt*V (4)
in formula (4):
C0＝(0.026+0.564W+0.0181t*W)*t*V,
t is the cow organism temperature;
delta t is the difference between the organism temperature of the dairy cow and the ambient temperature, and a positive number is taken;
w is the ambient relative humidity;
v is the ambient wind speed, the unit is m/s, and when the ambient wind speed is in a windless state or the wind speed is less than 1m/s, the V is 1 m/s;
when CTI is less than 9.14, risk prevention principle: heat production of the machine body is increased, and heat dissipation of the machine body is reduced;
when the CTI is more than or equal to 9.14 and less than or equal to 16.44, the change of external conditions is not required to be adjusted;
and when CTI is more than 16.44, risk prevention principle: strengthen the organism heat dissipation, reduce the organism and produce heat.
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| JPH0965788A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-11 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Organism-raising house |
| CN101551686A (en) * | 2009-05-25 | 2009-10-07 | 福建农林大学 | Milk cow house cooling control system based on physiological discomfort index |
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| US8830068B2 (en) * | 2010-09-15 | 2014-09-09 | Colorado State University Research Foundation | Multi-sensor environmental and physiological monitor system and methods of use |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0965788A (en) * | 1995-08-31 | 1997-03-11 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Organism-raising house |
| CN101551686A (en) * | 2009-05-25 | 2009-10-07 | 福建农林大学 | Milk cow house cooling control system based on physiological discomfort index |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
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| 热应激对荷斯坦奶牛生理常数的影响;李忠浩、王丽;《湖北农业科学》;20090930;第48卷(第9期);第2205-2207页 * |
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