CN109362341B - Test bed of pneumatic recovery system for splashing grains of vertical cutters of rape combine harvester - Google Patents

Test bed of pneumatic recovery system for splashing grains of vertical cutters of rape combine harvester Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109362341B
CN109362341B CN201811465085.5A CN201811465085A CN109362341B CN 109362341 B CN109362341 B CN 109362341B CN 201811465085 A CN201811465085 A CN 201811465085A CN 109362341 B CN109362341 B CN 109362341B
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air flow
vertical
negative pressure
test bed
air
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CN109362341A (en
Inventor
关卓怀
沐森林
吴崇友
李海同
金梅
张敏
梁苏宁
江涛
王刚
汤庆
陈旭
吴俊�
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Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
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Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization Ministry of Agriculture
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D45/00Harvesting of standing crops
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01DHARVESTING; MOWING
    • A01D41/00Combines, i.e. harvesters or mowers combined with threshing devices
    • A01D41/12Details of combines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01FPROCESSING OF HARVESTED PRODUCE; HAY OR STRAW PRESSES; DEVICES FOR STORING AGRICULTURAL OR HORTICULTURAL PRODUCE
    • A01F12/00Parts or details of threshing apparatus

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
  • Threshing Machine Elements (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a test bed of a corn pneumatic recovery system for splashing of a vertical cutter of a rape combine harvester, which comprises a test bed and a vertical cutter side plate, wherein a first air pipe is arranged on the test bed, the first air pipe is arranged on a first air flow outlet adjusting frame, two ends of a second air pipe are respectively connected with a negative pressure air flow generator and a negative pressure recovery port, a first fan and a second fan are arranged on the test bed, and the vertical cutter side plate is arranged on a grain divider. The test bed of the pneumatic recovery system for the splashing seeds of the vertical cutters of the rape combine harvester can be used for carrying out bench test of the pneumatic recovery device for the splashing seeds of the vertical cutters of the rape combine harvester, simulating splashing seeds caused by the vertical cutters during rape harvesting, determining key structures and working parameters of the pneumatic recovery device for the splashing seeds of the vertical cutters of the rape combine harvester through bench test, and being applied to a cutting bed of the rape combine harvester, so that cutting bed loss caused by the vertical cutters is reduced.

Description

Test bed of pneumatic recovery system for splashing grains of vertical cutters of rape combine harvester
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rape combine harvesters, in particular to a test bed of a pneumatic recovery system for splashing kernels of a vertical cutter of a rape combine harvester.
Background
The rape planting area and yield in China are all in the front of the world, and because rape plants are tall, branched, densely distributed and crossed and are mutually involved, the rape combine harvester is mostly provided with a vertical cutter on the basis of a cutting table of a rice and wheat harvester, and the rape involved in the uncut area and the cut area is sheared. However, when the vertical cutter shears rape stalks, rape pod fruits can be sheared at the same time, so that splashing loss of rape seed grains is caused. Header loss can account for 40% -50% of total loss rate of rape combine harvest, and loss caused by vertical cutters accounts for 20% -40% of header loss, and the seed grain pneumatic recovery device splashed by vertical cutters of the rape combine harvester is increased, so that seed grain loss caused by vertical cutters can be reduced, but key structures and working parameters of the vertical cutter seed grain pneumatic recovery device of the rape harvest header are difficult to obtain through theoretical analysis.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a test bed of a pneumatic recovery system for splashing grains of a vertical cutter of a rape combine harvester, which aims to solve the problem that the vertical cutter can cut rape pod fruits to cause larger loss when cutting rape straws in the background art. Header loss can account for 40% -50% of total loss rate of rape combine harvest, and loss caused by vertical cutters accounts for 20% -40% of header loss, and the main working component parameters and the installation positions of the rape harvesting header vertical cutter grain pneumatic recovery device are difficult to obtain through theoretical analysis.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: the utility model provides a seed grain strength recovery system test bench that rape combine erects cutting knife splash, includes test bench and erects the cutting knife curb plate, be provided with first tuber pipe on the test bench, first tuber pipe is installed on first air flow outlet adjustment frame, and the both ends of first tuber pipe are connected with air current distributor and first malleation air outlet respectively, install the divider on the test bench, and the divider is connected with seed grain collection storehouse and erects the cutting knife curb plate to the seed grain collection storehouse is connected through negative pressure recovery mouth and second tuber pipe, installs simultaneously and is provided with the vertical cutting knife on the divider on the test bench, the both ends of second tuber pipe are connected with negative pressure air current generator and negative pressure recovery mouth respectively, install first fan and second fan on the test bench, and the bottom of first fan and second fan is connected with first motor and second motor respectively to first motor and second converter link to each other, second fan and third tuber pipe are connected simultaneously, install on the vertical side plate on the divider, install second air current adjustment frame and second air outlet and second malleation air outlet.
Preferably, the first air flow outlet adjusting frame comprises a fixing frame, a vertical supporting rod, a vertical position adjusting mechanism, a transverse supporting plate and a rotary adjusting frame.
Preferably, the fixing frame is slidably connected to the test bed, a vertical supporting rod is fixed to the upper end face of the fixing frame, a vertical position adjusting mechanism and a transverse supporting plate are arranged on the vertical supporting rod, and a rotary adjusting frame is mounted on the surface of the transverse supporting plate.
Preferably, the negative pressure air flow generator is arranged on the test bed, and is provided with a negative pressure port, an air inlet and an air outlet, wherein the negative pressure port and the air outlet are respectively communicated with the two sides of the negative pressure air flow generator, the air inlet is communicated with a cavity in the negative pressure air flow generator, and the air inlet is communicated with a third air pipe.
Preferably, the seed box is arranged on the vertical cutter side plate, the seed box is arranged on the seed box supporting frame through a bolt hole, the seed box supporting frame is positioned at the side of the vertical cutter side plate, an empty groove is formed in the bottom of the seed box, and a baffle which is matched with the empty groove is clamped in the empty groove.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the test bed of the rape combine harvester vertical cutter splashing grain pneumatic recovery system can be used for carrying out key structure and working parameter bench test of a rape harvesting header vertical cutter grain pneumatic recovery device. The grain recovery effect of the first positive pressure air flow outlet and the second positive pressure air flow outlet at different installation positions and installation angles can be simulated by adjusting the first air flow outlet adjusting frame and the second air flow outlet adjusting frame; the grain recovery effect under different air flow combinations is simulated by adjusting the size of the air flow distributor; the grain recovery effect of the first positive pressure air outlet and the second positive pressure air outlet at different air volume and air speed can be simulated by adjusting the first frequency converter and changing the air speed and air volume of the first fan; the grain recovery effect of the negative pressure recovery port under different air volume and air speed can be simulated by changing the air speed and air volume of the second fan through adjusting the second frequency converter; through the design use of the relevant structure of cooperation seed box, simulate the whereabouts of rapeseed grain in the results in-process to the height-adjustable of seed box can simulate the whereabouts of seed grain at different co-altitude. The key structure and the working parameters of the pneumatic recovery device for the splashing grains of the vertical cutter of the rape combine are determined through bench tests, and the pneumatic recovery device is applied to a header of the rape combine, so that header loss caused by the vertical cutter is reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the back structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the air outlet adjusting frame of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic elevational view of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the negative pressure airflow generator of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a first air duct; 2. a first air flow outlet adjustment frame; 201. a fixing frame; 202. a vertical support rod; 203. a vertical position adjustment mechanism; 204. a transverse support plate; 205. rotating the adjusting frame; 3. a first positive pressure air flow outlet; 4. a crop divider; 5. a seed collection bin; 6. a negative pressure recovery port; 7. a second air duct; 8. a negative pressure airflow generator; 801. a negative pressure port; 802. an air inlet; 803. an air outlet; 9. a test bed; 10. a first fan; 11. a first motor; 12. a first frequency converter; 13. a second fan; 14. a second motor; 15. a third air duct; 16. a second frequency converter; 17. a seed box; 18. a vertical cutter side plate; 19. a vertical cutter; 20. an air flow distributor; 21. a second airflow outlet adjustment frame; 22. a second positive pressure air flow outlet; 23. a seed box supporting frame; 24. bolt holes; 25. a baffle; 26. and a fourth air pipe.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Referring to fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a technical solution: a test bed of a rape combine vertical cutter splash seed grain pneumatic recovery system, which comprises a first air pipe 1, a first air flow outlet adjusting frame 2, a fixing frame 201, a vertical supporting rod 202, a vertical position adjusting mechanism 203, a transverse supporting plate 204, a rotary adjusting frame 205, a first positive pressure air flow air outlet 3, a grain divider 4, a seed grain collecting bin 5, a negative pressure recovery port 6, a second air pipe 7, a negative pressure air flow generator 8, a negative pressure port 801, an air inlet 802, an air outlet 803, a test bed 9, a first fan 10, a first motor 11, a first frequency converter 12, a second fan 13, a second motor 14, a third air pipe 15, a second frequency converter 16, a seed grain box 17, a vertical cutter side plate 18, a vertical cutter 19, an air flow distributor 20, a second air flow outlet adjusting frame 21, a second positive pressure air flow air outlet 22, a seed grain box supporting frame 23, bolt holes 24, a baffle 25 and a fourth air pipe 26, the test bench 9 is provided with a first air pipe 1, the first air pipe 1 is arranged on a first air flow outlet adjusting frame 2, two ends of the first air pipe 1 are respectively connected with an air flow distributor 20 and a first positive pressure air flow outlet 3, the test bench 9 is provided with a grain divider 4, the grain divider 4 is connected with a grain collecting bin 5 and a vertical cutter side plate 18, the grain collecting bin 5 is connected with a second air pipe 7 through a negative pressure recovery port 6, the grain divider 4 arranged on the test bench 9 is provided with a vertical cutter 19, two ends of the second air pipe 7 are respectively connected with a negative pressure air flow generator 8 and a negative pressure recovery port 6, the test bench 9 is provided with a first fan 10 and a second fan 13, the bottom ends of the first fan 10 and the second fan 13 are respectively connected with a first motor 11 and a second motor 14, and the first motor 11 and the second motor 14 are respectively connected with the first frequency converter 12 and the second frequency converter 16, and meanwhile, the second fan 13 is connected with the third air pipe 15, the vertical cutter side plate 18 is arranged on the grain divider 4, the test bed 9 is provided with a second air flow outlet adjusting frame 21, the second air flow outlet adjusting frame 21 is provided with a second positive pressure air flow outlet 22, and the second positive pressure air flow outlet 22 is connected with the first fan 10 through a fourth air pipe 26.
The first air flow outlet adjusting frame 2, the first air flow outlet adjusting frame 2 comprises a fixing frame 201, a vertical supporting rod 202, a vertical position adjusting mechanism 203, a transverse supporting plate 204 and a rotary adjusting frame 205, the fixing frame 201 is connected to the test bench 9 in a sliding mode, the vertical supporting rod 202 is fixed to the upper end face of the fixing frame 201, the vertical position adjusting mechanism 203 and the transverse supporting plate 204 are arranged on the vertical supporting rod 202, the rotary adjusting frame 205 is arranged on the surface of the transverse supporting plate 204, and the fixing frame 201 is used for fixing the first air flow outlet adjusting frame 2 on the test bench 9 and can adjust the transverse position of the first air flow outlet adjusting frame 2; the vertical support bar 202 is used for supporting the first air flow outlet adjusting bracket 2; the vertical position adjusting mechanism 203 is used for adjusting the height of the first positive pressure air flow outlet 3; the function of the transverse support plate 204 is to adjust the angle of the first positive pressure airflow outlet 3 in the left-right direction; the rotary adjusting frame 205 is used for adjusting the angle of the first positive pressure air flow outlet 3 in the up-down direction, fixing the air duct, and the whole first air flow outlet adjusting frame 2 can realize the adjustment of the first positive pressure air flow outlet 3 in the transverse direction, the longitudinal direction and 360 degrees for researching the optimal installation position and the angle of the first positive pressure air flow outlet 3.
The negative pressure air flow generator 8 is arranged on the test bench 9, a negative pressure port 801, an air inlet 802 and an air outlet 803 are arranged in the negative pressure air flow generator 8, the negative pressure port 801 and the air outlet 803 are respectively communicated with cavities in the negative pressure air flow generator 8 and the air inlet 802, the third air pipe 15 are communicated, positive pressure air flow enters the negative pressure air flow generator 8 from the air inlet 802 of the negative pressure air flow generator 8, negative pressure air flow can be generated at the negative pressure port 801 according to the Venturi principle, air flow and seeds flow out from the air outlet 803, a sample net bag is sleeved at the air outlet 803, and then the quality of the recovered seeds can be weighed, and the effect of the pneumatic recovery device is quantitatively checked.
The vertical cutter side plate 18 is provided with a seed box 17, the seed box 17 is arranged on the seed box supporting frame 23 through a bolt hole 24, the seed box supporting frame 23 is positioned at the side of the vertical cutter side plate 18, the bottom of the seed box 17 is provided with a hollow groove, a baffle 25 matched with the hollow groove is clamped in the hollow groove, the grooving is blocked by the baffle 25 before the experiment starts, the seed box 17 is filled with rapeseed grains, after the experiment starts, the baffle 25 is pulled out, and the falling of the rapeseed grains in the harvesting process is simulated. The height of the 17-seed box is adjustable, and the falling of seeds at different heights can be simulated.
Working principle: after a certain mass of rapeseeds are uniformly placed in a seed box 17, a baffle 25 is pulled out, the seeds fall, under the action of positive pressure air flow in a second positive pressure air flow air outlet 22, the seeds are blown into a seed collecting bin 5, rapeseeds close to a negative pressure recovery port 6 are directly sucked into a negative pressure air flow generator 8 under the action of negative pressure air flow, pneumatically conveyed into a collecting belt, the positive pressure air flow blown out from a first positive pressure air flow air outlet 3 blows seeds far away from the negative pressure recovery port 6 to the vicinity of the negative pressure recovery port 6, and key component parameters of a vertical cutter pneumatic recovery device of a rape cutting table are determined through a test bench 9 so as to be applied to the cutting table of the rape combine harvester, and the loss of the cutting table is reduced.
The fixing frame 201 is used for fixing the first air flow outlet adjusting frame 2 on the test bench 9 and adjusting the transverse position of the first air flow outlet adjusting frame 2; the vertical support bar 202 is used for supporting the first air flow outlet adjusting bracket 2; the vertical position adjusting mechanism 203 is used for adjusting the height of the first positive pressure air flow outlet 3; the function of the transverse support plate 204 is to adjust the angle of the first positive pressure airflow outlet 3 in the left-right direction; the rotary adjusting frame 205 is used for adjusting the angle of the first positive pressure air flow outlet 3 in the up-down direction and fixing the air pipe, the whole first air flow outlet adjusting frame 2 can realize the transverse, longitudinal and 360-degree adjustment of the first positive pressure air flow outlet 3, and the grain recovery effect of the first positive pressure air flow outlet 3 in different installation positions and installation angles is simulated for researching the optimal installation position and angle of the first positive pressure air flow outlet 3.
By adjusting the size of the air flow distributor 20, the grain recovery effect under different air flow combinations is simulated.
By adjusting the first frequency converter 12 and changing the wind speed and the wind quantity of the first fan 11, the grain recovery effect of the first positive pressure airflow air outlet 3 under different wind quantity and wind speeds can be simulated.
The positive pressure air flow enters the negative pressure air flow generator 8 from the air inlet 802 of the negative pressure air flow generator 8, negative pressure air flow is generated at the negative pressure opening 801 according to the Venturi principle, air flow and seeds flow out from the air outlet 803, the air speed and the air quantity of the second fan 14 are changed by adjusting the second frequency converter 16, so that the air inlet speed and the air quantity of the air inlet 802 are changed, and the effect of generating the negative pressure air flow by the negative pressure opening 801 under different air speed and air quantities is simulated; the sample mesh bag is sleeved at the air outlet 803, so that the pneumatically conveyed seeds can be recovered, and the effect of the pneumatic recovery device is checked.
By changing the mounting height of the kernel box 17, the falling of kernels at different heights can be simulated;
the grain recovery effect of the first positive pressure air flow outlet 3 and the second positive pressure air flow outlet 22 at different installation positions and installation angles can be simulated by adjusting the first air flow outlet adjusting frame 2 and the second air flow outlet adjusting frame 21; by adjusting the size of the air flow distributor 20, the grain recovery effect under different air flow combinations is simulated; the grain recovery effect of the first positive pressure air outlet 3 and the second positive pressure air outlet 22 under different air volume and air speed can be simulated by adjusting the first frequency converter 12 and changing the air speed and air volume of the first fan 11; the second frequency converter 16 is regulated, so that the wind speed and the wind quantity of the second fan 14 are changed, and the grain recovery effect of the negative pressure recovery port 6 under different wind quantities and wind speeds can be simulated; by changing the mounting height of the kernel box 17, the falling of kernels at different heights can be simulated. The key structure and the working parameters of the pneumatic recovery device for the splashing grains of the vertical cutter of the rape combine are determined through bench tests, and the pneumatic recovery device is applied to a header of the rape combine, so that header loss caused by the vertical cutter is reduced.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides a rape combine erects cutting knife grain strength recovery system test bench that splashes, includes test bench (9) and erects cutting knife curb plate (18), its characterized in that: the test bench (9) is provided with a first air pipe (1), the first air pipe (1) is arranged on a first air flow outlet adjusting frame (2), two ends of the first air pipe (1) are respectively connected with an air flow distributor (20) and a first positive pressure air flow outlet (3), the test bench (9) is provided with a grain divider (4), the grain divider (4) is connected with a grain collecting bin (5) and a vertical cutter side plate (18), the grain collecting bin (5) is connected with a second air pipe (7) through a negative pressure recovery port (6), the grain divider (4) arranged on the test bench (9) is provided with a vertical cutter (19), two ends of the second air pipe (7) are respectively connected with a negative pressure air flow generator (8) and a negative pressure recovery port (6), the test bench (9) is provided with a first fan (10) and a second fan (13), the bottom ends of the first fan (10) and the second fan (13) are respectively connected with a first motor (11) and a second motor (14) and a second fan (14) and are respectively connected with a second fan (14) and a frequency converter (12) and a third fan (13) respectively, the vertical cutter side plates (18) are arranged on the crop divider (4), a second airflow outlet adjusting frame (21) is arranged on the test bed (9), a second positive pressure airflow air outlet (22) is arranged on the second airflow outlet adjusting frame (21), and the second positive pressure airflow air outlet (22) is connected with the first fan (10) through a fourth air pipe (26).
2. The test bed of the pneumatic recovery system for splashing kernels of the vertical cutters of the rape combine harvester according to claim 1, wherein the test bed is characterized in that: the first air flow outlet adjusting frame (2), the first air flow outlet adjusting frame (2) comprises a fixing frame (201), a vertical supporting rod (202), a vertical position adjusting mechanism (203), a transverse supporting plate (204) and a rotary adjusting frame (205).
3. The test bed of the pneumatic recovery system for splashing kernels of the vertical cutters of the rape combine harvester according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: the fixing frame (201) is connected to the test bed (9) in a sliding mode, a vertical supporting rod (202) is fixed to the upper end face of the fixing frame (201), a vertical position adjusting mechanism (203) and a transverse supporting plate (204) are arranged on the vertical supporting rod (202), and a rotary adjusting frame (205) is mounted on the surface of the transverse supporting plate (204).
4. The test bed of the pneumatic recovery system for splashing kernels of the vertical cutters of the rape combine harvester according to claim 1, wherein the test bed is characterized in that: the negative pressure air flow generator (8) is arranged on the test bed (9), a negative pressure port (801), an air inlet (802) and an air outlet (803) are arranged in the negative pressure air flow generator (8), the negative pressure port (801) and the air outlet (803) are respectively communicated with cavities in the negative pressure air flow generator (8) and the air inlet (802) and the negative pressure air flow generator (8), and the air inlet (802) and the third air pipe (15) are communicated.
5. The test bed of the pneumatic recovery system for splashing kernels of the vertical cutters of the rape combine harvester according to claim 1, wherein the test bed is characterized in that: be provided with seed box (17) on perpendicular cutting knife curb plate (18), seed box (17) are installed on seed box support frame (23) through bolt hole (24), and seed box support frame (23) are located the avris of perpendicular cutting knife curb plate (18), and the empty slot has been seted up to the bottom of seed box (17) to this empty slot interior block has rather than identical baffle (25).
CN201811465085.5A 2018-12-03 2018-12-03 Test bed of pneumatic recovery system for splashing grains of vertical cutters of rape combine harvester Active CN109362341B (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113678631B (en) * 2021-05-26 2022-05-17 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所 Air-blowing type long-handle leaf restraining device and harvesting header

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0478940A2 (en) * 1990-08-31 1992-04-08 Walter Städtler Reaper or mowing attachment, especially for harvesting rape, for a combine harvester
CN101317513A (en) * 2008-06-28 2008-12-10 湖州星光农机制造有限公司 Method for reducing field loss of rapeseed and reaping bench thereof
KR20100079719A (en) * 2008-12-31 2010-07-08 대한민국(농촌진흥청장) The separable rape seed harvester for a combine
CN108496540A (en) * 2018-05-15 2018-09-07 江苏大学 The low loss rape ceding of Taiwan
CN209201550U (en) * 2018-12-03 2019-08-06 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 A kind of perpendicular cutter splashing seed strength recovery system testing stand of rape combined harvester

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0478940A2 (en) * 1990-08-31 1992-04-08 Walter Städtler Reaper or mowing attachment, especially for harvesting rape, for a combine harvester
CN101317513A (en) * 2008-06-28 2008-12-10 湖州星光农机制造有限公司 Method for reducing field loss of rapeseed and reaping bench thereof
KR20100079719A (en) * 2008-12-31 2010-07-08 대한민국(농촌진흥청장) The separable rape seed harvester for a combine
CN108496540A (en) * 2018-05-15 2018-09-07 江苏大学 The low loss rape ceding of Taiwan
CN209201550U (en) * 2018-12-03 2019-08-06 农业部南京农业机械化研究所 A kind of perpendicular cutter splashing seed strength recovery system testing stand of rape combined harvester

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Title
油菜联合收获割台落粒横流气压收集装置设计与试验;黄小毛;查显涛;宗望远;陈辉;;农业机械学报(S1);全文 *

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