CN109361471B - Optical communication signal modulation format identification method based on amplitude deviation analysis - Google Patents

Optical communication signal modulation format identification method based on amplitude deviation analysis Download PDF

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CN109361471B
CN109361471B CN201811396246.XA CN201811396246A CN109361471B CN 109361471 B CN109361471 B CN 109361471B CN 201811396246 A CN201811396246 A CN 201811396246A CN 109361471 B CN109361471 B CN 109361471B
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modulation format
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汤文宇
杨爱英
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Nanjing Guangzhi Internet Technology Co ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/548—Phase or frequency modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B10/00—Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication
    • H04B10/50—Transmitters
    • H04B10/516—Details of coding or modulation
    • H04B10/548—Phase or frequency modulation
    • H04B10/556—Digital modulation, e.g. differential phase shift keying [DPSK] or frequency shift keying [FSK]
    • H04B10/5561—Digital phase modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/32—Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups H04L27/02, H04L27/10, H04L27/18 or H04L27/26
    • H04L27/34—Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems, e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems

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Abstract

The invention relates to an optical communication signal modulation format identification method based on amplitude deviation analysis, and belongs to the technical field of modulation identification. The method comprises the following steps that optical communication signals to be identified and local oscillation signals are input into a coherent receiver to be subjected to coherent demodulation, analog baseband signals are output, the analog baseband signals are converted into digital signals to be subjected to dispersion equalization and then subjected to amplitude deviation analysis, and finally, modulation formats are identified, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: and respectively calculating the average deviation value of the normalized amplitude of the received optical signal and the normalized amplitude distribution of the ideal QPSK and 16QAM signals, calculating the ratio of the two deviation values, and comparing the ratio of the normalized amplitude deviation values of the received optical signal to identify the QPSK, 16QAM and 64 QAM. The method is insensitive to phase noise caused by the line width of the laser and frequency offset between the transmitter laser and the local oscillator laser, and can tolerate the nonlinearity of the optical fiber; and training data or additional hardware is not needed, and the method is simple to implement and low in cost.

Description

Optical communication signal modulation format identification method based on amplitude deviation analysis
Technical Field
The invention relates to an optical communication signal modulation format identification method based on amplitude deviation analysis, and belongs to the technical field of modulation identification.
Background
Modulation format identification is very important for future optical network development. Next generation optical fiber communication networks should be flexibly configured, which will be able to dynamically generate data signals of different modulation formats, data rates and error correction protocols according to network operational requirements. Therefore, in the heterogeneous elastic optical network, the digital coherent receiver can adaptively perform blind identification on the modulation format of the optical signal, which provides necessary modulation format information for subsequent digital signal processing.
In recent years, some modulation format identification techniques for digital coherent receivers have been proposed. The literature proposes a modulation format identification technique based on signal accumulation and signal power distribution, which requires assuming that the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of the received signal is known. Modulation format identification techniques based on received data peak-to-average power ratio require additional hardware such as filters and power meters. Based on the Stokes space representation and the algorithm of maximizing the variable Bayesian expectation, an iteration framework is adopted to optimize a specific parameter set so as to identify the modulation format, and the calculation time is long. One technique for modulation format identification using digital frequency offset loading requires an additional pilot signal at the transmitting end. Extracting format-related sensitive features to identify signal types based on modulation format recognition techniques of machine learning, such as modulation format recognition methods based on Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), and Deep Neural Networks (DNN); but the machine method requires a large number of signal samples to train.
The application aims to identify the most common three formats in the optical coherent transmission system by analyzing the average deviation of the normalized amplitude of the optical signal to be identified and the normalized amplitude distribution of ideal QPSK and 16QAM signals: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64 QAM.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the technical defects of the existing optical communication signal modulation format identification method that additional hardware is needed and the complexity is high, and provides an optical communication signal modulation format identification method based on amplitude deviation analysis.
The core idea of the method is as follows: the method comprises the following steps that optical communication signals to be identified and local oscillation signals output by a local oscillation laser are input into a coherent receiver to be subjected to coherent demodulation, then analog baseband signals are output, the analog baseband signals are converted into digital signals through an analog-to-digital converter, the digital signals are subjected to amplitude deviation analysis after being subjected to dispersion equalization, and finally a modulation format is identified, wherein the method specifically comprises the following steps: calculating the average deviation value of the normalized amplitude of the received optical signal and the normalized amplitudes of the ideal QPSK and 16QAM signals respectively, calculating the ratio of the two average deviation values, and distinguishing the normalized amplitude of the received optical signal and the average deviation value of the normalized amplitudes of the ideal QPSK and 16QAM signals by judging the range of the ratio, namely comparing the magnitude of the average deviation value of the normalized amplitude of the received optical signal and the magnitude of the average deviation value of the normalized amplitudes of the ideal QPSK and 16QAM signals, so as to identify which of the QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM signals.
A working process of an optical communication signal modulation format recognition system based on amplitude deviation analysis, which is supported by an optical communication signal modulation format recognition method based on amplitude deviation analysis, comprises the following steps:
step (1) inputting an optical communication signal to be identified, which is output through an optical fiber link, into a coherent receiver;
the modulation format of the optical communication signal to be identified is one of QPSK, 16QAM and 64 QAM;
step (2) the coherent receiver uses a local oscillator laser to perform coherent demodulation on the optical communication signal to be identified in the step (1) to obtain a baseband analog signal;
step (3) the baseband analog signal enters an analog-to-digital converter to be converted into a digital signal;
inputting the digital signal into a digital signal processor for processing;
step (5) the digital signal processor firstly carries out dispersion equalization on the signal output in the step (4);
the signals after dispersion equalization in the step (6) are down-sampled to one point of each symbol;
step (7) analyzing the amplitude of the output signal after the step (6) to identify a modulation format;
wherein, the average power of the signal output in the step (6) is recorded as P, and the amplitude of the k-th symbol is divided by the P
Figure BDA0001875260110000021
The normalized amplitude is obtained and is recorded as rkThe specific steps of amplitude deviation analysis to identify modulation format are:
step (7.1) calculating eIAnd according to eIJudging whether the format of the input optical signal to be identified is QPSK modulation or not by the relationship between the value and the threshold A, specifically:
judgment eIIf the value is larger than the threshold A, jumping to the step (7.2) to continue calculating eIIOtherwise, judging the modulation format of the optical signal to be identified as QPSK, and ending the method;
Figure BDA0001875260110000022
wherein k represents the kth symbol output in the step (6); r iskRepresents the normalized amplitude of the kth symbol; e2]Represents a mathematical expectation; | represents an absolute value;
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001875260110000023
representing normalized amplitude of an ideal QPSK signal, i.e.
Figure BDA0001875260110000024
Wherein the value range of the threshold A is more than or equal to 0.2 and less than or equal to 0.25;
step (7.2) calculating eIIAnd according to eIIJudging whether the format of the input optical signal to be identified is 16QAM modulation or 64QAM modulation according to the relation between the value and the threshold B, specifically:
Figure BDA0001875260110000025
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure BDA0001875260110000026
representing the normalized amplitude of an ideal 16QAM signal, there are three possible values, namely
Figure BDA0001875260110000027
Representing the normalized amplitude r of the k-th symbolkThe minimum of the deviation from these three possible values;
judgment eIIWhether the value is greater than the threshold value B or not, if so, judging the modulation format of the optical signal to be identified as 64QAM, otherwise, judging the modulation format of the optical signal to be identified as 16QAM, and ending the method;
the threshold B is 0.125.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the optical communication signal modulation format identification method based on amplitude deviation analysis has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method is insensitive to phase noise caused by the line width of the laser and frequency offset between the transmitter laser and the local oscillator laser, and can tolerate the nonlinearity of the optical fiber;
2. the method does not need training data or additional hardware, and has the advantages of simple implementation and low cost.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of an optical communication signal modulation format recognition method based on amplitude deviation analysis according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method for identifying modulation formats of optical communication signals based on amplitude deviation analysis according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a simulation result 1 of the method for identifying modulation format of optical communication signal based on amplitude deviation analysis according to FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a simulation result 2 of the method for identifying modulation format of optical communication signal based on amplitude deviation analysis according to FIG. 2;
fig. 5 is a simulation result 3 of the method for identifying the modulation format of the optical communication signal based on the amplitude deviation analysis according to fig. 2.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following detailed description and accompanying drawings.
Example 1
This embodiment describes a specific implementation of the method for identifying modulation format of optical communication signal based on amplitude deviation analysis according to the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of an optical communication signal modulation format recognition method based on amplitude deviation analysis according to the present invention.
Wherein, when in specific implementation, the steps are as follows:
step I) inputting the optical communication signal to be identified output by the optical fiber link into a coherent receiver;
the optical fiber link mainly comprises a standard single mode optical fiber, an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier A and a 3dB coupler; the local oscillator laser is adjusted by the erbium-doped fiber amplifier and the variable optical attenuator;
the modulation format of the optical communication signal to be identified is one of QPSK, 16QAM and 64 QAM;
the line width of the local oscillator laser is 5 kHz; the central wavelength of the optical signal to be identified is 1553.6 nm;
step II) the coherent receiver outputs an analog baseband signal after performing coherent demodulation on the optical communication signal to be identified in the step I) based on the local oscillation signal output by the local oscillation laser;
step III), converting the analog baseband signal into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter;
step IV) carrying out dispersion equalization on the digital signal output by the step III);
the signal after dispersion equalization is two sampling points in one sampling period, namely the sampling rate is twice of the symbol rate;
step V) down-sampling the digital signal subjected to dispersion equalization in the step IV) to one point of each symbol, namely the sampling rate is equal to the symbol rate;
step VI) carrying out amplitude deviation analysis on the signals after dispersion equalization;
step VII) identifies a modulation format based on the result of the amplitude deviation analysis.
After transmitting optical communication signal receiving signals with the symbol rate of 10 Gbaud per second through standard single mode optical fibers of 100km, 500km and 1000km, the average deviation of QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM receiving signals and the change of OSNR are simulated. If the received signal is in QPSK format, eIThe value is less than 0.20, which is significantly less than the 16QAM or 64QAM formats. If the received signal is in 16QAM or 64QAM format, eIIs greater than 0.25. That is, the QPSK format of the received signal may be used as eIValues are distinguished. If the modulation format of the received signal is not QPSK, e of the received signal is calculatedIIThe value is obtained. Through simulation, 16QAM modulated signals with different transmission distances have e as the OSNR increasesIIThe value is obviously reduced; and for a 64QAM modulation format, eIIThe value is steadily above 0.125. E of 64QAM formatIIValue of e greater than 16QAMIIValues, and thus differentiable, which can be interpreted as the amplitude distribution of the 64QAM format is more dispersed than 16 QAM.
Fig. 2 is a flowchart of a specific implementation of the method for identifying the modulation format of the optical communication signal based on the amplitude deviation analysis, which includes the following steps:
step 1) resampling a signal subjected to dispersion equalization in a digital signal processor, so that the sampling rate is equal to the symbol rate, namely, each symbol acquires one point;
step 2) calculating e respectivelyIValue sum eIIA value;
wherein e isIValue sum eIIThe expressions for the values are:
Figure BDA0001875260110000041
and
Figure BDA0001875260110000042
wherein k represents the kth symbol; r iskRepresents the normalized amplitude of the kth symbol; []Represents a mathematical expectation; | represents an absolute value;
Figure BDA0001875260110000043
representing the normalized amplitude of an ideal 16QAM signal, there are three possible values, namely
Figure BDA0001875260110000044
Representing the normalized amplitude r of the k-th symbolkThe minimum of the deviation from these three possible values;
step 3) calculating
Figure BDA0001875260110000045
A value;
step 4) judging the value range of the R calculated in the step 3), and judging which modulation mode is according to the value of the R, specifically:
if the R value is less than 2, judging that the optical signal to be identified is in a QPSK modulation format; if the R value is greater than or equal to 2 and smaller than 2.5, the range judges that the optical signal to be identified is in a 64QAM modulation format, otherwise, if the R value is greater than 2.5, the optical signal to be identified is in a 16QAM modulation format.
Fig. 3 is a simulation R value result of a flow chart of an optical communication signal modulation format identification method based on amplitude deviation analysis according to fig. 2. The symbol rate in fig. 3 is 28 gbaud/sec, and the linewidths of the transmitter laser and the local oscillator laser are 100KHz and 2MHz, respectively.
As can be seen from the simulated R value in fig. 3, when the OSNR is greater than 10dB, the QPSK signal can be distinguished from the 16QAM and 64QAM signals, and when the OSNR is greater than 18dB, the 64QAM signal can be distinguished from the 16QAM signal, so that the three modulation formats of QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM can be clearly distinguished by determining the magnitude of the R value.
Fig. 4 and fig. 5 are simulation results of the optical communication signal modulation format recognition method based on amplitude deviation analysis according to fig. 2 under the conditions that the local oscillator laser and the transmitting laser have different frequency offsets and different transmission distances, respectively. The frequency offsets in fig. 4 are 500MHz and 1GHz, respectively. In fig. 5, the simulation results of the R values are obtained when the power of the input standard single-mode optical fiber is 0dBm, and the transmission distances of the optical communication signals to be identified are 500km, 1000km, 1500km, and 2000km, respectively. It can be seen that the method of the present invention is not sensitive to frequency offset, and in general, the accumulated light non-linearly increases as the transmission distance of the optical fiber increases. Thus, it can be derived from fig. 5 that the method of the present invention is tolerant to fiber nonlinearities.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended that the invention be limited to the embodiment and the drawings disclosed herein. Equivalents and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the disclosure, which is to be considered as within the scope of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. An optical communication signal modulation format identification method based on amplitude deviation analysis is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step I) inputting the optical communication signal to be identified output by the optical fiber link into a coherent receiver;
the modulation format of the optical communication signal to be identified is one of QPSK, 16QAM and 64 QAM;
step II) the coherent receiver outputs an analog baseband signal after performing coherent demodulation on the optical communication signal to be identified in the step I) based on the local oscillation signal output by the local oscillation laser;
step III), converting the analog baseband signal into a digital signal through an analog-to-digital converter;
step IV) carrying out dispersion equalization on the digital signal output by the step III);
the signal after dispersion equalization is two sampling points in one sampling period, namely the sampling rate is twice of the symbol rate;
step V) down-sampling the digital signal subjected to dispersion equalization in the step IV) to one point of each symbol, namely the sampling rate is equal to the symbol rate;
step VI) carrying out amplitude deviation analysis on the signals after dispersion equalization, and specifically comprising the following steps: respectively calculate eIValue sum eIIThe value:
Figure FDA0003100515240000011
and
Figure FDA0003100515240000012
wherein k represents the kth symbol output in step V); r iskRepresents the normalized amplitude of the kth symbol; e2]Represents a mathematical expectation; | represents an absolute value;
the calculation method of the normalized amplitude of the kth symbol comprises the following steps: the average power of the signal output in the step V) is recorded as P, and the amplitude of the k-th symbol is divided by
Figure FDA0003100515240000013
The normalized amplitude is obtained and is recorded as rk；
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003100515240000014
representing normalized amplitude of an ideal QPSK signal, i.e.
Figure FDA0003100515240000015
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003100515240000021
representing the normalized amplitude of an ideal 16QAM signal, there are three possible values, namely
Figure FDA0003100515240000022
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,
Figure FDA0003100515240000023
representing the normalized amplitude r of the k-th symbolkThe minimum of the deviation from these three possible values;
computing
Figure FDA0003100515240000024
A value;
step VII) identifying a modulation format based on the result of the amplitude deviation analysis, and specifically judging which modulation mode is according to the R value, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
if the R value is less than 2, judging that the optical signal to be identified is in a QPSK modulation format; if the R value is greater than or equal to 2 and smaller than 2.5, the range judges that the optical signal to be identified is in a 64QAM modulation format, otherwise, if the R value is greater than 2.5, the optical signal to be identified is in a 16QAM modulation format.
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CN111313974A (en) * 2020-02-14 2020-06-19 北京理工大学 Modulation format identification method for signal amplitude sequencing and ratio calculation
CN111726313A (en) * 2020-06-05 2020-09-29 西南交通大学 Optical signal type identification method based on support vector machine
CN111884967B (en) * 2020-07-29 2022-07-01 黑龙江大学 QPSK signal demodulation method based on time-frequency analysis and convolutional neural network
CN112613538B (en) * 2020-12-09 2022-07-05 华中科技大学 Nonlinear equalization method based on weighted principal component analysis
CN113285762B (en) * 2021-02-25 2022-08-05 广西师范大学 Modulation format identification method based on relative entropy calculation
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