CN109360755B - Arc extinguishing mechanism and direct current circuit breaker - Google Patents

Arc extinguishing mechanism and direct current circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109360755B
CN109360755B CN201811415002.1A CN201811415002A CN109360755B CN 109360755 B CN109360755 B CN 109360755B CN 201811415002 A CN201811415002 A CN 201811415002A CN 109360755 B CN109360755 B CN 109360755B
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China
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
arc
contact
magnetic pole
circuit breaker
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CN201811415002.1A
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CN109360755A (en
Inventor
南寅
刘万里
王喜成
赵小苇
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Beijing Peoples Electric Plant Co Ltd
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Beijing Peoples Electric Plant Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201811415002.1A priority Critical patent/CN109360755B/en
Publication of CN109360755A publication Critical patent/CN109360755A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/44—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet
    • H01H9/443—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts using blow-out magnet using permanent magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H73/00—Protective overload circuit-breaking switches in which excess current opens the contacts by automatic release of mechanical energy stored by previous operation of a hand reset mechanism
    • H01H73/02—Details
    • H01H73/18—Means for extinguishing or suppressing arc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/30—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H9/34—Stationary parts for restricting or subdividing the arc, e.g. barrier plate

Abstract

The application provides an arc extinguishing mechanism and direct current circuit breaker, this arc extinguishing mechanism includes static contact, moving contact and permanent magnet. The static contact includes base member and kink, and the kink is located the first quadrant department of base member, has the electrical contact on the kink. The moving contact can rotate relative to the static contact so as to make the electric contacts of the moving contact and the static contact and/or separate, wherein the plane formed by the rotation of the moving contact is a reference plane. The permanent magnet is provided with a first magnetic pole and a second magnetic pole which is opposite to the first magnetic pole, and the connecting line direction of the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole is not vertical to the reference surface. The direct current circuit breaker comprises a base, a shell, a plurality of grid pieces and the arc extinguishing mechanism, wherein the grid pieces are stacked, the arc extinguishing mechanism can effectively solve the problem that direct current high-voltage low-current critical breaking arcing time is long, and meanwhile reliable breaking under the condition of forward and reverse currents can be guaranteed.

Description

Arc extinguishing mechanism and direct current circuit breaker
Technical Field
The application belongs to the technical field of low-voltage apparatus, concretely relates to arc extinguishing mechanism and direct current circuit breaker that use in low-voltage direct current circuit breaker.
Background
A circuit breaker is a switching device capable of carrying and breaking a current under a normal circuit condition and also capable of carrying and breaking a current under an abnormal circuit condition within a predetermined time. With the development of new energy technology, the rated working voltage of the direct current breaker is higher and higher, and reaches 1500V at present. Along with the improvement of working voltage, the market puts higher requirements on the reliable breaking performance of the circuit breaker, and the critical breaking difficulty is greatly increased. At present, when a 4A-63A small current is cut off under the conditions of rated working voltage and a time constant of 1ms, the arc burning time is obviously prolonged because the cut-off current is small and a magnetic field generated by the current is weak, so that the arc cannot be effectively driven to move, and the service life of the circuit breaker is shortened. Therefore, on the premise of not increasing the volume of a product, how to solve the problem of reliable breaking under high voltage is the direction of the attack.
In the prior known technology, technical means such as lengthening the arc by enlarging the distance, pushing and cooling the arc by burning gas-generating material, pushing the arc by enhancing the magnetic field and the like have appeared, but under the condition of direct current high voltage and limited volume, the methods can not reliably break the circuit. In the technical scheme of enhancing the magnetic field, the magnetic field of an arcing region is enhanced by adding a permanent magnet, so that thrust is generated on an electric arc, and the electric arc is pushed to an arc extinguishing grid sheet; in the structure shown in fig. 1, two permanent magnets are oppositely arranged, magnetic lines of force start from the N pole and return to the S pole, and when the current is in the positive direction (the direction shown in fig. 1 is the positive direction), the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets pushes the electric arc to move towards the arc extinguishing grid plate, so as to achieve the purpose of arc extinguishing; however, when the current is in the reverse direction, the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet pushes the electric arc to move in the reverse direction of the arc-extinguishing grid plate, the electric arc cannot enter the arc-extinguishing chamber, the arc-extinguishing grid plate cannot cut and cool the electric arc, the electric arc cannot be extinguished, and meanwhile, the burning loss of the rear moving contact is greatly aggravated; therefore, the polarity of the incoming and outgoing lines must be defined forcibly, and if the incoming and outgoing lines are connected reversely, an extremely serious accident can be caused.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects in the prior art, the present invention provides an arc extinguishing mechanism and a dc circuit breaker with no polarity and high breaking reliability, so that the circuit breaker has the requirement of no wiring polarity and has more reliable high breaking capability.
The specific technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides an arc extinguishing mechanism, comprising:
the static contact comprises a base body and a bent part, wherein the bent part is positioned at a first quadrant of the base body, and an electric contact is arranged on the bent part;
the moving contact can rotate relative to the static contact so as to enable the moving contact to be in contact with and/or separated from the electric contact of the static contact, wherein a plane formed by the moving contact in a rotating mode is a reference plane;
and the permanent magnet is provided with a first magnetic pole and an opposite second magnetic pole, and the connecting line direction of the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole is not vertical to the reference surface.
In a preferred embodiment, a direction of a line connecting the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole of the permanent magnet is parallel to the reference plane.
In a preferred embodiment, the permanent magnet is disposed in an inclined manner, and a connection direction of a first magnetic pole and a second magnetic pole of the permanent magnet is-30 ° to + 30 ° from a vertical direction of the substrate.
In a preferred embodiment, the direction of the connection line of the first and second magnetic poles of the permanent magnet is-15 ° to + 15 ° from the reference surface.
In a preferred embodiment, the number of permanent magnets is at least one.
In a preferred embodiment, when the number of the permanent magnets is two, the magnetic pole directions of the permanent magnets are the same and the permanent magnets are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the reference surface respectively.
In a preferred embodiment, the permanent magnet is selected from any one of an alloy permanent magnet material or a ferrite permanent magnet material.
In a preferred embodiment, the permanent magnet is selected from any one of neodymium iron boron alloy, samarium cobalt alloy, or alnico.
In a preferred embodiment, the permanent magnet is encased in an insulating sheath.
In addition, the present invention also provides a direct current circuit breaker, including:
a base;
the shell is fixed on the base and provided with oppositely arranged side walls, and an accommodating cavity is formed between the side walls;
a plurality of grid sheets arranged in a stacked manner, wherein each grid sheet is provided with a base part and a leg part, the leg part extends into the accommodating cavity, and the base part is arranged outside the accommodating cavity;
in the arc extinguishing mechanism, a moving contact of the arc extinguishing mechanism extends into the accommodating cavity and can rotate between the leg parts to be contacted with and/or separated from an electric contact of the fixed contact, and the permanent magnet is arranged on the side wall of the shell.
In a preferred embodiment, the dc circuit breaker includes a partition having wall portions disposed opposite to each other, and the wall portions are clamped between the leg portions to isolate the leg portions from the movable contacts.
In a preferred embodiment, the movable contacts rotate between the walls of the partition.
In a preferred embodiment, the separator is made of an insulating material.
In a preferred embodiment, the separator is made of a gas generating material.
In a preferred embodiment, a clamping portion is formed between the base portion and the leg portion of the grid, and the clamping portion is clamped with the side wall, so that the base portion is arranged outside the accommodating cavity.
In a preferred embodiment, the grid pieces are arranged at equal intervals.
In a preferred embodiment, a slot is formed on a side wall of the housing, so that the leg portion of the grid is clamped in the slot.
In a preferred embodiment, a positioning groove is formed on a side wall of the housing to accommodate the permanent magnet.
In a preferred embodiment, the permanent magnet is disposed on the sidewall above the stationary contact.
In a preferred embodiment, the base portion outside the containing cavity near the grid has an air outlet.
Borrow by above technical scheme, the beneficial effect of this application lies in:
1. by adopting the technical scheme, the problem of long arc burning time of direct-current high-voltage low-current critical breaking can be effectively solved.
2. By adopting the technical scheme, reliable breaking under the condition of forward and reverse currents can be ensured simultaneously.
Specific embodiments of the present application are disclosed in detail with reference to the following description and drawings, indicating the manner in which the principles of the application may be employed. It should be understood that the embodiments of the present application are not so limited in scope. The embodiments of the application include many variations, modifications and equivalents within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments, in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.
It should be emphasized that the term "comprises/comprising" when used herein, is taken to specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps or components but does not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps or components.
Drawings
The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. In addition, the shapes, the proportional sizes, and the like of the respective members in the drawings are merely schematic for assisting the understanding of the present application, and are not particularly limited to the shapes, the proportional sizes, and the like of the respective members in the present application. Those skilled in the art, having the benefit of the teachings of this application, may select various possible shapes and proportional sizes to implement the present application, depending on the particular situation. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an arc extinguishing chamber arrangement magnetic steel in a specific example of the prior art.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a dc circuit breaker assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the assembly of the arc extinguishing chamber structure of the direct current breaker, which is an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is an explosion diagram of the arc extinguishing chamber structure of the direct current breaker, which is an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a permanent magnet polarity distribution, an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a gate according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a permanent magnet arrangement and magnetic field distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of the force applied by the arc only under the magnetic field generated by the U-shaped structure formed by the moving contact and the stationary contact when forward current is passed according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the current components of an arc bent by a U-shaped structure when passing a forward current according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 10 shows an embodiment of the invention-the force of the arc in the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet when passing a forward current.
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an arc path through a forward current, viewed along the + X axis, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a schematic view of an arc path through a forward current, viewed along the-Z axis, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of an arc path as viewed from an axial side view through a forward current flow according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 14 is a schematic view showing the stress of the arc only under the magnetic field generated by the U-shaped structure formed by the moving contact and the stationary contact when reverse current flows.
FIG. 15 is a schematic view of the current components of an arc bent under the drive of a U-shaped structure by a reverse current according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 16 shows an embodiment of the invention-the force of the arc in the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet when passing a reverse current.
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of an arc path through a reverse current, viewed along the + X axis, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 18 is a schematic view of an arc path as viewed along the-Z axis when a reverse current is passed, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of an arc path viewed from an axial side view through a reverse current flow, according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Reference numerals of the above figures: 100. an arc extinguishing chamber; 200. static contact; 200a, a substrate; 200b, a bending part; 300. a moving contact; 400. a mechanism; 500. an air outlet; 600. a base; 101. a grid sheet; 101a, a base; 101b, a leg; 101c, a clamping part; 102. a housing; 102a, sidewalls; 102b, a card slot; 102c, a containing cavity; 103. an insulating sleeve; 104. a permanent magnet; 105. a partition plate; 105a, wall portion
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art without any inventive work based on the embodiments in the present application are within the scope of protection of the present application.
It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not represent the only embodiments.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
As shown in fig. 2 to 19, an embodiment of the present invention provides an arc extinguishing mechanism, including: a stationary contact 200, a movable contact 300, and a permanent magnet 104. The static contact 200 includes a base 200a and a bending part 200b, the bending part 200b is located at a first quadrant of the base 200a, and the bending part 200b has an electrical contact (not shown). The movable contact 300 can rotate relative to the stationary contact 200, so that the movable contact 300 and the electrical contact of the stationary contact 200 are contacted and/or separated, wherein a plane formed by the rotation of the movable contact 300 is a reference plane. The permanent magnet 104 has a first magnetic pole and an opposite second magnetic pole, and the direction of the line connecting the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole is not perpendicular to the reference surface.
It should be noted that, the bent portion 200b is located at the first quadrant of the substrate 200a, and the arc extinguishing mechanism may be placed in a planar rectangular coordinate system (cartesian coordinate system). If the base 200a of the static contact 200 is placed on the horizontal axis (x axis) and the perpendicular bisector of the base 200a is placed on the vertical axis (y axis), four regions divided by the horizontal axis (x axis) and the vertical axis (y axis) are each called a quadrant. The quadrant is centered at the origin (the intersection of the x-axis and the y-axis), which is the dividing line. The upper right area is called the first quadrant, the upper left area is called the second quadrant, the lower left area is called the third quadrant, and the lower right area is called the fourth quadrant. The bent portion 200b is located at the first quadrant.
In this embodiment, the movable contact 300 is generally disposed above the stationary contact 200, and the movable contact 300 forms a rotation plane during the contact and/or separation with the electrical contact of the stationary contact 200, and the rotation plane may be defined as a reference plane. Further, the direction of the line connecting the first magnetic pole and the opposing second magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 104 is not perpendicular to the reference surface. It should be noted that, the application does not limit the magnetic properties of the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole, for example, when the first magnetic pole is an N-pole, the opposite second magnetic pole may be an S-pole. When the first magnetic pole is an S pole, the opposite second magnetic pole can be an N pole.
In a preferred embodiment, a direction of a line connecting the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 104 may be parallel to the reference plane. Furthermore, the permanent magnet 104 may be obliquely disposed, and a connection direction of a first magnetic pole and a second magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 104 may be-30 ° to + 30 ° from a vertical direction of the base 200a, the vertical direction being the same as the Z-axis direction.
In another preferred embodiment, a direction of a line connecting the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 104 may intersect the reference surface. Furthermore, the connection direction of the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 104 can be minus 15 ° to plus 15 ° with the reference surface. For example, when the connecting line of the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 104 forms an angle of-15 ° with the reference surface, the angle formed by the upper extension line of the connecting line of the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole and the reference surface is 15 °. When the connecting line direction of the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 104 becomes +/-15 degrees with the reference surface, the included angle between the lower extension line of the connecting line of the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole and the reference surface is 15 degrees. In particular, when the direction of the line connecting the first and second poles of the permanent magnet 104 makes 0 ° with the reference surface, the direction of the line connecting the first and second poles of the permanent magnet 104 may be parallel with the reference surface.
In addition, the number of the permanent magnets 104 is at least one. In case the number of permanent magnets 104 is one, the permanent magnets 104 may be arranged on either side of the reference surface. When the number of the permanent magnets 104 is two, the two permanent magnets 104 have the same magnetic pole direction and are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the reference surface respectively.
As shown in fig. 5, the permanent magnet 104 may be magnetized in the illustrated S-pole to N-pole direction. Of course, the permanent magnet 104 may also be magnetized in the direction from the N pole to the S pole (not shown in the figure), and the same technical effect can be achieved, and the magnetizing direction of the permanent magnet 104 is not limited in this application.
The permanent magnet 104 can be usually wrapped in the insulating sleeve 103, the insulating sleeve 103 can fix the permanent magnet 104, and can isolate the high temperature generated during arc combustion, so that the permanent magnet 104 is prevented from demagnetizing due to the fact that the temperature of the permanent magnet 104 exceeds the Curie temperature, the permanent magnet 104 is prevented from contacting with the grid sheet 101, and the magnetic property of the permanent magnet 104 is prevented from disappearing due to the high temperature. Therefore, the permanent magnet 104 is isolated from the movable contact 300 and the grid 101, respectively, so that the movable contact 300 and the grid 101 can be isolated from each other.
The material of the permanent magnet 104 may be selected from any one of an alloy permanent magnetic material or a ferrite permanent magnetic material. For example, it may be selected from any of neodymium iron boron, samarium cobalt, or alnico.
In addition, as shown in fig. 2, a dc circuit breaker is further provided in the embodiment of the present invention. This direct current breaker includes: base 600, housing 102, grid 101, and any of the arc extinguishing mechanisms described above.
As shown in fig. 3 and 4, in the present embodiment, the housing 102 may be fixed on the base 600, the housing 102 may have opposite sidewalls 102a, and a receiving cavity 102c may be formed between the sidewalls 102 a. The arc extinguishing mechanism is disposed in the accommodating cavity 102c, and can form the arc extinguishing chamber 100. A plurality of grid plates 101 may be stacked, each grid plate 101 may have a base portion 101a and a leg portion 101b, the leg portion 101b may extend into the accommodating cavity 102c, and the base portion 101a may be disposed outside the accommodating cavity 102 c. The movable contact 300 of the arc extinguishing mechanism can extend into the accommodating cavity 102c, and can be driven by the mechanism 400 to rotate the movable contact 300 between the leg portions 101b so as to be in contact with and/or separated from the electrical contact of the fixed contact 200. The permanent magnet 104 may be disposed on the sidewall 102a of the housing 102d above the stationary contact 200. The base 101a outside the receiving cavity 102c near the grid 101 may have an air outlet 500.
A slot 102b may be formed on a side wall of the housing 102, so that the leg 101b of the grid 101 extending into the housing 102 is engaged with the slot 102 b. In addition, a placement groove (not shown) may be further formed on the sidewall 102a of the housing 102, so that the permanent magnet 104 wrapped by the insulation sheath 103 may be accommodated in the placement groove.
In the case where the number of the permanent magnets 104 is one, the permanent magnets 104 may be placed on any one of the side walls 102a of the accommodating chamber 102c of the housing 102. When the number of the permanent magnets 104 is two, the two permanent magnets 104 have the same magnetic pole direction and are symmetrically disposed on the side wall 102a of the accommodating cavity 102 c.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the number of the slots 102b can be appropriately set according to the number of the legs 101b of the grid 101. Similarly, the number of the disposition slots may also be set according to the number of the permanent magnets 104, which is not limited in this application.
As shown in fig. 3 and 6, the grid plates 101 are generally stacked, and the adjacent grid plates 101 are arranged at equal intervals. Each grid 101 has a base 101a and a leg 101b, and a U-shaped gap may be formed between the two legs 101 b. Meanwhile, the joint of the base 101a and the leg 101b is further provided with a clamping portion 101c, so that when the leg 101b extends into the accommodating cavity 102c of the housing 102, the clamping portion 101c can be clamped with the side wall 102a of the housing 102, so that the base 101a is placed outside the accommodating cavity 102 c.
The dc circuit breaker may further include a partition 105, the wall portions 105a of the partition 105 may be disposed opposite to each other, and the movable contact 300 may rotate between the wall portions 105a of the partition 105. The wall 105a can be clamped between the legs 101b to isolate the legs 101b from the movable contacts 300. The partition 105 thus prevents the movable contact 300 from coming into direct contact with the leg 101b of the grid 101, and also secures the grid 101 and isolates the permanent magnet 104 from the effects of the electric arc. The spacer 105 may be made of an insulating material, preferably a gas generating material.
As shown in fig. 4 and 7, a pair of permanent magnets 104 are placed between the stationary contact 200 and the movable contact 300 in a manner consistent in polarity as shown. At this time, the sum of the magnetic field vectors generated between the moving and stationary contacts by the two permanent magnets 104 is in the-Z direction as shown in fig. 7.
When the circuit breaker with a large forward current (for example, greater than 100A) is just opened, an arc is drawn between the moving contact 300 and the stationary contact 200. As shown in FIG. 8, since the fixed contact 200 has a U-shaped current reversal structure, the illustrated arc line indicates the motion track of the opened movable contact, the symbol |, indicates that the magnetic field at the section of conductor is directed outward perpendicular to the paper surface, and the symbol |
Figure BDA0001879256840000101
The magnetic field direction at the section of conductor is shown to be vertical to the paper surface and to face inwards, and the judgment of the magnetic field direction is known according to the right-hand rule, at this time, the static contact 200 and the movable contact 300 generate the-Y direction shown in fig. 8 in the arc regionA magnetic field; then, according to Fleming's left hand rule, the arc is subjected to an electromagnetic force F in the + X direction in the magnetic field as shown in FIG. 8U. The arc is subjected to an electromagnetic force F in the + X direction as shown in FIG. 8UAnd the gas pressure generated by the internal gas generating material at high temperature can bend and extend in the middle part to enter the arc extinguishing chamber, and after the arc extinguishing chamber cuts the arc, the arc burning voltage of the arc is greatly increased until the arc is extinguished higher than the external applied voltage, so that the purpose of switching on and off is achieved.
When the circuit breaker, which is energized with a small forward current (for example, less than 100A), is just opened, an arc is drawn between the movable contact 300 and the stationary contact 200. As shown in fig. 8, since the static contact 200 is provided with a U-shaped current reversal structure, at this time, the static contact 200 and the movable contact 300 generate a magnetic field in the-Y direction shown in fig. 8 in the arc region; according to Fleming's rule, the arc is subjected to an electromagnetic force F in the + X direction in this magnetic field as shown in FIG. 8U. The arc is subjected to an electromagnetic force F in the + X direction as shown in FIG. 8UAnd the gas pressure generated by the gas generating material at high temperature can bend and extend at the middle part, but the electromagnetic force F is small because of the small currentuWeaker, and not strong enough to propel the arc into the arc chamber. At this time, the arc is pushed by the above-mentioned forces to develop a shape as shown in fig. 9. Due to the bending of the arc, the upper and lower portions of the arc generate I in the-X direction as shown in FIG. 9X1And + X direction IX2Two current components. Due to IX1And IX2The presence of two current components, the upper and lower portions of the arc, under the action of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 104, will generate F as shown in FIG. 10 according to Fleming's ruleC1And FC2Two electromagnetic forces, wherein FC1Acting on the upper part of the arc in the-Y direction; fC2Acting in the lower part of the arc, in the + Y direction. Electric arc is at FC1And FC2Is bent into the shape shown in fig. 11. Due to the bending of the arc, the middle portion of the arc generates a current component I in the-Y direction as shown in FIG. 11Y. Due to the current component IYIn the middle of the arc in the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 104Under the action of the electromagnetic force F in the + X direction as shown in FIG. 12, the electromagnetic force F is generated according to Fleming's ruleC3Middle of arc at FC3Will bend as shown in fig. 12. Finally, the arc is at Fu, FC1、FC2、FC3And the gas-generating material is twisted and elongated to the shape shown in fig. 13 under the common driving of the gas pressure generated at high temperature. Because the arc is greatly lengthened, the arc voltage of the arc is increased sharply until the arc is extinguished higher than the external applied voltage, and the purpose of switching on and off is achieved.
When the circuit breaker, which is energized with a large reverse current (for example, greater than 100A), is just opened, an arc is drawn between the movable contact 300 and the stationary contact 200. As shown in fig. 14, since the static contact 200 is provided with a U-shaped current reversal structure, at this time, the static contact 200 and the movable contact 300 generate a magnetic field in the + Y direction in the arc region as shown in fig. 14; according to Fleming's rule, the arc is subjected to an electromagnetic force F in the + X direction in this magnetic field as shown in FIG. 14U. The arc is subjected to an electromagnetic force F in the + X direction as shown in FIG. 14UAnd the gas pressure generated by the internal gas generating material at high temperature can bend and extend in the middle part to enter the arc extinguishing chamber, and after the arc extinguishing chamber cuts the arc, the arc burning voltage of the arc is greatly increased until the arc is extinguished higher than the external applied voltage, so that the purpose of switching on and off is achieved.
When the circuit breaker, which is energized with a small forward current (for example, less than 100A), is just opened, an arc is drawn between the movable contact 300 and the stationary contact 200. As shown in fig. 14, since the static contact 200 is provided with a U-shaped current reversal structure, at this time, the static contact 200 and the movable contact 300 generate a magnetic field in the + Y direction in the arc region as shown in fig. 14; according to Fleming's rule, the arc is subjected to an electromagnetic force F in the + X direction in this magnetic field as shown in FIG. 14U. The arc is subjected to an electromagnetic force F in the + X direction as shown in FIG. 14UAnd the gas pressure generated by the gas generating material at high temperature can bend and extend at the middle part, but the electromagnetic force F is small because of the small currentuWeaker, and not strong enough to propel the arc into the arc chamber. At this time, the arc is developed as if it were pushed by the above-mentioned forcesThe shape shown in fig. 15. Due to the bending of the arc, I in the + X direction shown in FIG. 15 is generated at the upper and lower portions of the arcX1and-X direction IX2Two current components. Due to IX1And IX2The presence of two current components, the upper and lower portions of the arc, under the action of the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnet 104, will generate F as shown in FIG. 16 according to Fleming's ruleC1And FC2Two electromagnetic forces, wherein FC1Acting on the upper part of the arc in the + Y direction; fC2Acting in the lower part of the arc, in the-Y direction. Electric arc is at FC1And FC2Is bent into the shape shown in fig. 17. Due to the bending of the arc, the middle portion of the arc generates a current component I in the-Y direction as shown in FIG. 17Y. Due to the current component IYThe central portion of the arc generates an electromagnetic force F in the + X direction as shown in fig. 18 according to Fleming's rule under the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 104C3Middle of arc at FC3Will bend as shown in fig. 18. Finally, the arc is at Fu, FC1、FC2、FC3And the gas-generating material is twisted and elongated to the shape shown in fig. 19 under the common driving of the gas pressure generated at high temperature. Because the arc is greatly lengthened, the arc voltage of the arc is increased sharply until the arc is extinguished higher than the external applied voltage, and the purpose of switching on and off is achieved.
The arc extinguish chamber of the direct current circuit breaker and the direct current circuit breaker in the embodiment of the application can effectively solve the problem of long arc burning time of direct current high-voltage low-current critical breaking. Meanwhile, reliable breaking under the condition of forward and reverse currents can be guaranteed.
It should be noted that any suitable existing structure may be used for the movable contact 300 and the stationary contact 200 provided in this embodiment. For clearly and briefly explaining the technical solution provided by the present embodiment, the above parts will not be described again, and the drawings in the specification are also simplified accordingly. It should be understood, however, that the present embodiments are not limited in scope thereby.
All articles and references disclosed, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. The term "consisting essentially of …" describing a combination shall include the identified element, ingredient, component or step as well as other elements, ingredients, components or steps that do not materially affect the basic novel characteristics of the combination. The use of the terms "comprising" or "including" to describe combinations of elements, components, or steps herein also contemplates embodiments that consist essentially of such elements, components, or steps. By using the term "may" herein, it is intended to indicate that any of the described attributes that "may" include are optional.
A plurality of elements, components, parts or steps can be provided by a single integrated element, component, part or step. Alternatively, a single integrated element, component, part or step may be divided into separate plural elements, components, parts or steps. The disclosure of "a" or "an" to describe an element, ingredient, component or step is not intended to foreclose other elements, ingredients, components or steps.
It is to be understood that the above description is intended to be illustrative, and not restrictive. Many embodiments and many applications other than the examples provided will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading the above description. The scope of the present teachings should, therefore, be determined not with reference to the above description, but should instead be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. The disclosures of all articles and references, including patent applications and publications, are hereby incorporated by reference for all purposes. The omission in the foregoing claims of any aspect of subject matter that is disclosed herein is not intended to forego the subject matter and should not be construed as an admission that the applicant does not consider such subject matter to be part of the disclosed subject matter.

Claims (18)

1. An arc extinguishing mechanism, comprising:
the static contact comprises a base body and a bent part, wherein the bent part is positioned at a first quadrant of the base body, and an electric contact is arranged on the bent part;
the moving contact can rotate relative to the static contact so as to enable the moving contact to be in contact with and/or separated from the electric contact of the static contact, wherein a plane formed by the moving contact in a rotating mode is a reference plane;
a permanent magnet having a first magnetic pole and an opposite second magnetic pole, wherein a line connecting the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole is not perpendicular to the reference surface;
the permanent magnet is arranged between the static contact and the moving contact;
the permanent magnet is arranged on the side wall of the shell above the static contact; and the connecting line direction of the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole of the permanent magnet is parallel to the reference surface.
2. The arc extinguishing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet is disposed in an inclined manner, and a direction of a connection line between the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole of the permanent magnet is-30 ° to + 30 ° from a vertical direction of the base body.
3. The arc extinguishing mechanism of claim 1, wherein the number of permanent magnets is at least one.
4. The arc extinguishing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein in the case where the number of the permanent magnets is two, the magnetic pole directions of the permanent magnets are the same and are symmetrically disposed on both sides of the reference surface, respectively.
5. The arc extinguishing mechanism of claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet is selected from any one of an alloy permanent magnet material or a ferrite permanent magnet material.
6. An arc extinguishing mechanism according to claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet is selected from any of neodymium iron boron, samarium cobalt, or alnico.
7. The arc extinguishing mechanism of claim 1, wherein the permanent magnet is encased in an insulating sleeve.
8. A direct current circuit breaker, comprising:
a base;
the shell is fixed on the base and provided with oppositely arranged side walls, and an accommodating cavity is formed between the side walls;
a plurality of grid sheets arranged in a stacked manner, wherein each grid sheet is provided with a base part and a leg part, the leg part extends into the accommodating cavity, and the base part is arranged outside the accommodating cavity;
an arc extinguishing mechanism according to any preceding claim, wherein the movable contact of the arc extinguishing mechanism extends into the accommodating chamber and is rotatable between the legs to contact and/or separate from the electrical contact of the stationary contact, and the permanent magnet is disposed on a side wall of the housing.
9. The dc circuit breaker of claim 8, wherein the dc circuit breaker includes a partition having opposing wall portions that snap between the legs to isolate the legs from the movable contacts.
10. The dc circuit breaker of claim 9, wherein said movable contacts rotate between walls of said partition.
11. The arc chute of a direct current circuit breaker according to claim 9, characterized in that said partition is made of insulating material.
12. The arc chute of a dc circuit breaker according to claim 9, wherein said barrier is a gas generating material.
13. The direct current circuit breaker of claim 8, wherein a clamping portion is formed between the base portion and the leg portion of the grid, and the clamping portion is clamped with the side wall, so that the base portion is arranged outside the accommodating cavity.
14. The arc chute of a direct current circuit breaker according to claim 8, characterized in that adjacent said grids are arranged equidistant from each other.
15. The arc extinguish chamber of the direct current circuit breaker according to claim 8, wherein a clamping groove is formed in the side wall of the housing, so that the leg of the grid is clamped in the clamping groove.
16. The arc extinguish chamber of the direct current circuit breaker according to claim 8, wherein a placement groove is formed in the side wall of the housing to accommodate the permanent magnet.
17. The dc circuit breaker of claim 8, wherein said permanent magnet is disposed on said sidewall above said stationary contact.
18. The dc circuit breaker of claim 8, wherein the base outside the receiving chamber near the barrier has an air outlet.
CN201811415002.1A 2018-11-26 2018-11-26 Arc extinguishing mechanism and direct current circuit breaker Active CN109360755B (en)

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