CN109358396B - Optical mixer - Google Patents
Optical mixer Download PDFInfo
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- CN109358396B CN109358396B CN201811422085.7A CN201811422085A CN109358396B CN 109358396 B CN109358396 B CN 109358396B CN 201811422085 A CN201811422085 A CN 201811422085A CN 109358396 B CN109358396 B CN 109358396B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/293—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means
- G02B6/29379—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device
- G02B6/2938—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals with wavelength selective means characterised by the function or use of the complete device for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
- G02B6/2808—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs
- G02B6/2813—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs based on multimode interference effect, i.e. self-imaging
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- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an optical mixer, which relates to the field of coherent light communication and comprises a light cross, a multi-mode bent waveguide, 2 input beam splitters and 2 output beam splitters; 2 input beam splitters for: respectively splitting signal light and local oscillator light, and transmitting the split signal light and the local oscillator light to optical cross through a multimode bent waveguide; the optical crossover is used to: after the output light of the 2 input beam splitters is subjected to cross transmission, the output light is transmitted to the 2 output beam splitters through the multimode bent waveguide respectively; multimode curved waveguides are used to: generating multi-mode interference after the fundamental mode light enters the multi-mode bent waveguide, and forming fundamental mode light emergence at an outlet of the multi-mode bent waveguide; 2 output beam splitters for: and receiving light which is crossed and emitted and transmitted by the multi-mode bent waveguide, and outputting fundamental mode light. The invention can increase the bandwidth of the optical mixer, reduce the insertion loss of the optical mixer and improve the yield of the optical mixer.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of coherent optical communication, in particular to an optical mixer.
Background
The optical mixer is a crucial device in coherent optical communication, and for demodulation of coherent signals, the phase error at the exit of each channel of the optical mixer must be very small.
The optical mixers currently used are generally 2 of the following:
1. when the optical mixer based on the multimode interferometer of 4 × 4(4 input ends and 4 output ends) or 2 × 4(2 input ends and 4 output ends) is used, the bandwidth of the optical mixer is small and the insertion loss is large due to the characteristics of the multimode interferometer of 4 × 4 or 2 × 4.
2. The optical mixer is based on optical cross and 1 × 2 and 2 × 2 beam splitters, and single-mode waveguide connection is adopted between each optical device of the optical mixer; however, the effective refractive index of the single-mode waveguide is very sensitive to the width change of the waveguide, and the process error causes unavoidable fluctuation of the actually manufactured waveguide width value, which finally causes great fluctuation of the phase error of the optical mixer based on the single-mode waveguide, and further causes low yield of the optical mixer.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention solves the technical problems that: to increase the bandwidth of an optical mixer, reduce the insertion loss of the optical mixer, and improve the yield of the optical mixer.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides an optical mixer, comprising an optical cross, 2 input beam splitters and 2 output beam splitters;
the 2 input beam splitters are nx 2 beam splitters, and the 2 input beam splitters are used for: respectively splitting signal light and local oscillator light, and transmitting the split signal light and the local oscillator light to optical cross through a multimode bent waveguide;
the optical crossover is used to: after the output light of the 2 input beam splitters is subjected to cross transmission, the output light is transmitted to the 2 output beam splitters through the multimode bent waveguide respectively;
multimode curved waveguides are used to: generating multi-mode interference after the fundamental mode light enters the multi-mode bent waveguide, and forming fundamental mode light emergence at an outlet of the multi-mode bent waveguide;
the 2 output beam splitters are 2 × 2 beam splitters, which are used to: and receiving the fundamental mode light which is crossed and emitted and transmitted by the multimode bent waveguide, and outputting the fundamental mode light.
According to the scheme, the incidence of the basic mode light is realized by using 2 n multiplied by 2 beam splitters, the emergence of the basic mode light is realized by using 2 multiplied by 2 beam splitters, and the relative phase differences of the basic mode light output by 4 output ends of the 2 output beam splitters are respectively 0 degree, 180 degrees, 90 degrees and 270 degrees (relative to one port), so that the light mixing is realized; compared with the 4 x 4 or 2 x 4 multimode interferometer in the prior art, the n x 2 or 2 x 2 beam splitter of the invention can lead to larger bandwidth and smaller insertion loss of the optical mixer.
Meanwhile, the optical cross, input beam splitter and output beam splitter of the invention are connected by multimode curved waveguide, and the principle lies in that: in the process of processing a waveguide device, due to errors in local area lithography and etching, the actual size of the waveguide is different from the design value, and even if the actual size of the same device is made in different positions, the yield of the phase-type device is difficult to be high. However, the change rate of the effective refractive index of the waveguide becomes smaller with the increase of the waveguide width, which means that the multimode waveguide with a wider width has higher tolerance to process errors, that is, compared with the existing optical mixer based on the single-mode waveguide, the optical mixer has larger process tolerance, low process precision requirement and high yield by adopting the multimode curved waveguide.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the number of the optical intersections is 3: a first optical cross-over, a second optical cross-over and a third optical cross-over, each optical cross-over comprising 2 input ends: first input and second input, still include 2 outputs: a first output terminal and a second output terminal; the 2 input beam splitters are a first input beam splitter and a second input beam splitter, and the 2 output beam splitters are a first output beam splitter and a second output beam splitter;
one output end of the first input beam splitter is connected with one input end of the first light intersection through the multimode curved waveguide, and the other output end of the first input beam splitter is connected with the first input end of the second light intersection through the multimode curved waveguide; one output end of the second input beam splitter is connected with a second input end of the second light cross through the multimode curved waveguide, and the other output end of the second input beam splitter is connected with one input end of the third light cross through the multimode curved waveguide;
one input end of the first output beam splitter is connected with one output end of the first light intersection through the multimode curved waveguide, and the other input end of the first output beam splitter is connected with the first output end of the second light intersection through the multimode curved waveguide; one input end of the second output beam splitter is connected with a second output end of the second light intersection through the multimode curved waveguide, and the other input end of the second output beam splitter is connected with one output end of the third light intersection through the multimode curved waveguide;
all multimode curved waveguides comprise at least 1 segment of multimode curved waveguide segment.
According to the scheme, the cross transmission of the output light of the 2 input beam splitters and the transmission of the cross-transmitted light to the 2 output beam splitters are clearly achieved, and meanwhile phase errors caused by the introduction of light cross are eliminated.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the circle center of the inner side wall arc and the circle center of the outer side wall arc of the multimode curved waveguide section are located at different positions.
According to the scheme, the widths of the multimode curved waveguide section can be continuously changed along the light propagation direction through different distribution of the circle centers of the arcs of the inner side wall and the outer side wall of the multimode curved waveguide section, so that the fundamental mode light generates multimode interference after entering the multimode curved waveguide section, and the fundamental mode light is formed at the outlet of the multimode curved waveguide section to be emitted again.
On the basis of the technical scheme, each output end of each input beam splitter and the multimode curved waveguide in optical cross connection are 1 multimode curved waveguide segment; the multimode curved waveguide connected between the output end of each optical cross and the input end of the output beam splitter is formed by connecting at least 2 multimode curved waveguide segments.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the multimode curved waveguides connected with the output end of each optical cross and the input end of the output beam splitter are formed by connecting 3 multimode curved waveguide segments.
According to the scheme, the design difficulty of the multimode curved waveguide with the longer length can be reduced by segmenting the multimode curved waveguide, and the design is convenient.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the included angle of each optical cross at the same position is 2 times of the bending angle of the central line of the multimode curved waveguide section.
On the basis of the technical scheme, a straight waveguide is arranged at the 2 end of each multimode curved waveguide section.
On the basis of the technical scheme, all input ends of each input beam splitter and all output ends of each output beam splitter are provided with straight waveguides.
According to the scheme, the straight waveguide can increase the stability of light transmission.
On the basis of the technical scheme, the 2 input beam splitters are respectively a 1 × 2 beam splitter and a 2 × 2 beam splitter.
According to the scheme, the phase difference of emergent light of 2 output ends of the 2 multiplied by 2 beam splitter is basically pi/2.
On the basis of the technical scheme, each input beam splitter and each output beam splitter can be a multimode interferometer or a directional coupler.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical mixer according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a multimode curved waveguide in an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an optical crossbar in an embodiment of the invention.
In the figure: 1-first input beam splitter, 2-second input beam splitter, 3-first light cross, 4-second light cross, 5-third light cross, 6-first output beam splitter, 7-second output beam splitter, 8-multimode curved waveguide segment, 9-straight waveguide.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The optical mixer in the embodiment of the invention comprises an optical cross, a multi-mode curved waveguide, 2 input beam splitters and 2 output beam splitters;
the 2 input beam splitters are nx2 beam splitters (i.e. having 2 output ends), and the 2 input beam splitters are used for: respectively splitting signal light and local oscillator light, and transmitting the split signal light and the local oscillator light to optical cross through a multimode bent waveguide, wherein the phase difference of emergent light of 2 output ends of 1 input beam splitter is basically pi/2;
the optical crossover is used to: after the output light of the 2 input beam splitters is subjected to cross transmission, the output light is transmitted to the 2 output beam splitters through the multimode bent waveguide respectively;
multimode curved waveguides are used to: generating multi-mode interference after the fundamental mode light enters the multi-mode bent waveguide, and re-forming fundamental mode light at an outlet of the multi-mode bent waveguide to be emitted;
the 2 output beam splitters are each a 2 × 2 beam splitter (i.e. having 2 inputs and 2 outputs) configured to: and receiving fundamental mode light which is crossed and emitted and transmitted by the multimode curved waveguide, and outputting the fundamental mode light, wherein the relative phase difference of the fundamental mode light output by 4 output ends of 2 output beam splitters is respectively 0 degree, 180 degrees, 90 degrees and 270 degrees (relative to one port), thereby realizing the frequency mixing of the light.
Therefore, the invention realizes the incidence of the basic mode light by using 2 n multiplied by 2 beam splitters, and realizes the emergence of the basic mode light by using 2 n multiplied by 2 beam splitters; compared with the 4 x 4 or 2 x 4 multimode interferometer in the prior art, the n x 2 or 2 x 2 beam splitter of the invention can lead to larger bandwidth and smaller insertion loss of the optical mixer.
Meanwhile, the optical cross, input beam splitter and output beam splitter of the invention are connected by multimode curved waveguide, and the principle lies in that: in the process of processing a waveguide device, due to errors in local area lithography and etching, the actual size of the waveguide is different from the design value, and even if the actual size of the same device is made in different positions, the yield of the phase-type device is difficult to be high. However, the change rate of the effective refractive index of the waveguide becomes smaller with the increase of the waveguide width, which means that the multimode waveguide with a wider width has higher tolerance to process errors, that is, compared with the existing optical mixer based on the single-mode waveguide, the optical mixer has larger process tolerance, low process precision requirement and high yield by adopting the multimode curved waveguide.
Preferably, in order to realize that the phase difference of the emergent light at 2 output ends of 1 input beam splitter is substantially pi/2, referring to fig. 1, 2 input beam splitters are respectively a 1 × 2 beam splitter and a 2 × 2 beam splitter, and the phase difference of the emergent light at 2 output ends of the 2 × 2 beam splitter is substantially pi/2.
Preferably, referring to fig. 1, in order to implement cross transmission of output light from 2 input beam splitters and transmit the cross-transmitted light to 2 output beam splitters, and eliminate phase errors caused by introducing optical cross, the number of optical cross is 3: a first optical cross-over 3, a second optical cross-over 4 and a third optical cross-over 5, each optical cross-over comprising 2 input ends: first input and second input, still include 2 outputs: a first output terminal and a second output terminal; the 2 input beam splitters are a first input beam splitter 1 and a second input beam splitter 2, and the 2 output beam splitters are a first output beam splitter 6 and a second output beam splitter 7;
one output end of the first input beam splitter 1 is connected to one input end (second input end) of the first optical cross 3 through a multimode curved waveguide, and the other output end of the first input beam splitter 1 is connected to the first input end of the second optical cross 4 through a multimode curved waveguide; one output end of the second input beam splitter 2 is connected to a second input end of the second optical cross 4 through a multimode curved waveguide, and the other output end of the second input beam splitter 2 is connected to one input end (first input end) of the third optical cross 5 through a multimode curved waveguide;
one input end of the first output beam splitter 6 is connected to one output end (first output end) of the first optical cross 3 through a multimode curved waveguide, and the other input end of the first output beam splitter 6 is connected to a first output end of the second optical cross 4 through a multimode curved waveguide; one input end of the second output beam splitter 7 is connected with a second output end of the second optical cross 4 through a multi-mode curved waveguide, and the other input end of the second output beam splitter 7 is connected with one output end (second input end) of the third optical cross 5 through a multi-mode curved waveguide;
all the multimode curved waveguides comprise at least 1 multimode curved waveguide segment 8, and all the multimode curved waveguide segments 8 have the same structure.
Preferably, in order to realize that the fundamental mode light enters the multimode curved waveguide section 8 to generate multimode interference and exit the fundamental mode light again at the outlet of the multimode curved waveguide section 8, the center of the inner side wall arc (i.e. the arc with the smaller chord length on the 1 side) and the center of the outer side wall arc (i.e. the arc with the larger chord length on the 1 side) of the multimode curved waveguide section 8 are located at different positions.
Preferably, referring to fig. 1, in order to ensure that the phase error at the output end is as small as possible, the effective paths of the light between the first input beam splitter 1 and the first output beam splitter 6, the light between the first input beam splitter 1 and the second output beam splitter 7, the light between the second input beam splitter 2 and the first output beam splitter 6, and the light between the second input beam splitter 2 and the second output beam splitter 7 need to be as consistent as possible; in the invention, each output end of each input beam splitter and the multimode curved waveguide in optical cross connection are 1 multimode curved waveguide segment 8; the multimode curved waveguides connected between the output end of each optical cross and the input end of the output beam splitter are formed by connecting at least 2 multimode curved waveguide segments 8 (in the embodiment, 3 multimode curved waveguide segments 8 are connected), and the design difficulty of the multimode curved waveguides with longer length can be reduced by using the 3 multimode curved waveguide segments 8 for connection, so that the design is convenient.
Preferably, in order to cooperate with the multimode curved waveguide segment 8, as shown in fig. 2 and 3, all the optical crossovers have the same structure, and for each optical crossover, the two channel-crossing waveguides have the same structure and are symmetrical about a horizontal axis; the included angle (2 theta) of each optical cross at the same position is 2 times of the bending angle (theta) of the central line of the multimode curved waveguide segment 8.
Preferably, in order to increase the stability of light transmission, as shown in fig. 1, the 2 ends (i.e. the junctions) of each multimode curved waveguide segment 8 are provided with straight waveguides 9 (i.e. the multimode curved waveguide segment 8 is connected with other components through the straight waveguides 9).
Preferably, in order to further increase the stability of the light transmission, as shown in fig. 1, at all input ends of each input splitter, and at all output ends of each output splitter, a straight waveguide 9 is also provided.
Preferably, each of the input and output beam splitters may be implemented as a multimode interferometer or a directional coupler.
Further, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and improvements can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and improvements are also considered to be within the scope of the present invention. Those not described in detail in this specification are within the skill of the art.
Claims (9)
1. An optical mixer comprising an optical crossbar, 2 input beam splitters, and 2 output beam splitters, characterized in that:
the 2 input beam splitters are nx 2 beam splitters, and the 2 input beam splitters are used for: respectively splitting signal light and local oscillator light, and transmitting the split signal light and the local oscillator light to optical cross through a multimode bent waveguide;
the optical crossover is used to: after the output light of the 2 input beam splitters is subjected to cross transmission, the output light is transmitted to the 2 output beam splitters through the multimode bent waveguide respectively;
multimode curved waveguides are used to: generating multi-mode interference after the fundamental mode light enters the multi-mode bent waveguide, and forming fundamental mode light emergence at an outlet of the multi-mode bent waveguide;
the 2 output beam splitters are 2 × 2 beam splitters, which are used to: receiving fundamental mode light which is emitted in a crossed manner and transmitted through the multimode curved waveguide, and outputting the fundamental mode light;
the number of optical crossovers was 3: a first optical cross-over (3), a second optical cross-over (4) and a third optical cross-over (5), each optical cross-over comprising 2 input ends: first input and second input, still include 2 outputs: a first output terminal and a second output terminal; the 2 input beam splitters are a first input beam splitter (1) and a second input beam splitter (2), and the 2 output beam splitters are a first output beam splitter (6) and a second output beam splitter (7);
one output end of the first input beam splitter (1) is connected with one input end of the first optical cross (3) through a multi-mode bent waveguide, and the other output end of the first input beam splitter (1) is connected with the first input end of the second optical cross (4) through a multi-mode bent waveguide; one output end of the second input beam splitter (2) is connected with a second input end of the second optical cross (4) through a multi-mode curved waveguide, and the other output end of the second input beam splitter (2) is connected with one input end of the third optical cross (5) through a multi-mode curved waveguide;
one input end of the first output beam splitter (6) is connected with one output end of the first optical cross (3) through a multi-mode bent waveguide, and the other input end of the first output beam splitter (6) is connected with the first output end of the second optical cross (4) through a multi-mode bent waveguide; one input end of the second output beam splitter (7) is connected with a second output end of the second optical cross (4) through a multi-mode bent waveguide, and the other input end of the second output beam splitter (7) is connected with one output end of the third optical cross (5) through a multi-mode bent waveguide;
all multimode curved waveguides comprise at least 1 multimode curved waveguide segment (8).
2. The optical mixer of claim 1, wherein: the circle center of the inner side wall arc and the circle center of the outer side wall arc of the multimode curved waveguide section (8) are located at different positions.
3. The optical mixer of claim 1, wherein: each output end of each input beam splitter and the multimode curved waveguide of the optical cross connection are 1-segment multimode curved waveguide segment (8); the multimode curved waveguide connected between the output end of each optical cross and the input end of the output beam splitter is formed by connecting at least 2 multimode curved waveguide segments (8).
4. The optical mixer of claim 3, wherein: the multimode curved waveguide connected between the output end of each optical cross and the input end of the output beam splitter is formed by connecting 3 multimode curved waveguide segments (8).
5. The optical mixer of claim 1, wherein: the included angle of each optical cross at the same position is 2 times of the bending angle of the central line of the multimode curved waveguide section (8).
6. The optical mixer of any of claims 1-5, wherein: the 2 end of each multimode curved waveguide section (8) is provided with a straight waveguide (9).
7. The optical mixer of any of claims 1-5, wherein: straight waveguides (9) are provided at all input ends of each input splitter and at all output ends of each output splitter.
8. The optical mixer of any of claims 1-5, wherein: the 2 input beam splitters are a 1 x 2 beam splitter and a 2 x 2 beam splitter, respectively.
9. The optical mixer of any of claims 1-5, wherein: each of the input and output beam splitters may be a multimode interferometer or a directional coupler.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4787693A (en) * | 1987-11-02 | 1988-11-29 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Passive star coupler |
| CN101454702A (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2009-06-10 | 光波微系统公司 | Broadband 2x2 optical splitter |
| CN103270440A (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2013-08-28 | 日本电气株式会社 | Optical waveguide device, and manufacturing method for optical waveguide device |
| CN108169849A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-06-15 | 武汉邮电科学研究院 | Multichannel star light intersects |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1846786A1 (en) * | 2005-02-10 | 2007-10-24 | Pirelli & C. S.p.A. | Optical band splitter/combiner device comprising a three-arms interferometer |
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2018
- 2018-11-27 CN CN201811422085.7A patent/CN109358396B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4787693A (en) * | 1987-11-02 | 1988-11-29 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Passive star coupler |
| CN101454702A (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2009-06-10 | 光波微系统公司 | Broadband 2x2 optical splitter |
| CN103270440A (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2013-08-28 | 日本电气株式会社 | Optical waveguide device, and manufacturing method for optical waveguide device |
| CN108169849A (en) * | 2017-12-19 | 2018-06-15 | 武汉邮电科学研究院 | Multichannel star light intersects |
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