CN109357827A - A kind of experiment of shuttling device shafting vibration and analysis method - Google Patents
A kind of experiment of shuttling device shafting vibration and analysis method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109357827A CN109357827A CN201811126987.6A CN201811126987A CN109357827A CN 109357827 A CN109357827 A CN 109357827A CN 201811126987 A CN201811126987 A CN 201811126987A CN 109357827 A CN109357827 A CN 109357827A
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M7/00—Vibration-testing of structures; Shock-testing of structures
- G01M7/02—Vibration-testing by means of a shake table
- G01M7/025—Measuring arrangements
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of experiment of shuttling device shafting vibration and analysis methods, comprising the following steps: S1 establishes contrast characteristic's database of standard shafting；S2 obtains r. m. s. value kurtosis index X under the working speed of shafting to be checkedRMS1, peak index B1And kurtosis index K1；S3, the X that step S2 is obtainedRMS1、B1、K1, with the r. m. s. value kurtosis index X in contrast characteristic's database of standard shafting under the working speedRMSs, peak index Bs and kurtosis index Ks be compared；S4 analyzes shafting to be checked with the presence or absence of mass unbalance；S5, establishes the equivalent model of shafting to be measured, and proposes shafting vibration damping scheme.The present invention is provided to be analyzed from the foundation of detection means, signal processing and feature database, is a kind of experiment of shuttling device shafting vibration and analysis method of the detection and analysis guidance of the uneven exciting and resonance region of shuttling device shafting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to shuttling device shafting vibration detection technique fields.It is more particularly related to a kind of reciprocal
The experiment of equipment shafting vibration and analysis method.
Background technique
The shafting vibration of shuttling device be it is extremely complex, there are many influence factor, as in shafting uneven exciting force,
Resonant vibration of shafting and other factors.The moving component of shafting shuttling device key, violent shafting vibration will affect equipment
Can, or even cause damage of components.Shafting vibration not only includes the oscillation crosswise of axis, further includes the twisting vibration of axis.For past
Multiple equipment, twisting vibration are more hidden, it is difficult to find, frequently can lead to the fracture such as shaft coupling, axis.Therefore, to equipment shafting
Whether vibration analysis, assessment shafting vibration meet the requirements, for ensureing that it is highly important that the safe and stable operation of shuttling device has
Meaning.
It is equal in magnitude but not same as shown in Figure 1, the power F1 and F2 of two connecting rods effect of shuttling device on the crankshaft pin
On one position, a couple is formd, which is to cause one of factor of shafting vibration.In addition, if shafting exists not
Counterpoise will also result in shuttling device.For shuttling device, shafting reciprocating weight, the equal shaft of addition dial weight are solid
There is frequency to have an impact, if shuttling device operates in revolving speed critical zone, it is very violent to will lead to vibration equipment.
However, shuttling device shafting is more complicated relative to centrifugal rotation equipment, currently, passing through acquisition oscillation crosswise signal
With torsion vibration signal come when assessing Axial Status, there is also some limitations.The vibration signal such as measured at 6 position of bearing,
The vibration information of bearing, crankshaft, connecting rod etc. is contained, it is very difficult from the information for wherein extracting some position, accordingly, it is difficult to quantitative
Analyze the influence of shafting vibration factor.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide one kind to be analyzed from the foundation of detection means, signal processing and feature database, finally
A kind of shuttling device shafting vibration reality of guidance is provided for the detection and analysis of the uneven exciting and resonance region of shuttling device shafting
It tests and analysis method.
In order to realize these purposes and other advantages according to the present invention, a kind of shuttling device shafting vibration experiment is provided
And analysis method, comprising the following steps:
S1 establishes contrast characteristic's database of standard shafting；
S2 carries out oscillation crosswise signal, torsional vibration signals and torque to shafting to be checked and believes under the working speed of shafting to be checked
Number detection, and accordingly obtain r. m. s. value kurtosis index XRMS1, peak index B1And kurtosis index K1；
S3, the X that step S2 is obtainedRMS1、B1、K1, in contrast characteristic's database of standard shafting under the working speed
R. m. s. value kurtosis index XRMSs, peak index Bs and kurtosis index Ks be compared:
If the X of shafting to be checkedRMS1、B1、K1No more than in the work in contrast characteristic's database of corresponding standard shafting
Make the X under revolving speedRMSs, Bs, Ks, then determine that the shafting vibration of shafting to be checked is normal；
If the X of shafting to be checkedRMS1、B1、K1Any one of be greater than, in contrast characteristic's database of corresponding standard shafting
X under the working speedRMSs, Bs, Ks, then carry out step S4；
S4 analyzes shafting to be checked with the presence or absence of mass unbalance；
Mass unbalance if it does not exist then carries out step S5；
Mass unbalance if it exists, then by adding clump weight in shafting to be checked, so that its mass balance and repetition step
Rapid S2 obtains secondary XRMS2、B2、K2, and in contrast characteristic's database of standard shafting under the working speed
XRMSs, Bs, Ks be compared:
If secondary X of shafting to be checkedRMS2、B2、K2No more than contrast characteristic's database of corresponding standard shafting
The interior X under the working speedRMSs, Bs, Ks, then determine be added to the shafting to be checked after counterweight shafting vibration it is normal；
If secondary X of shafting to be checkedRMS2、B2、K2Any one of be greater than, contrast characteristic's number of corresponding standard shafting
According to the X in library under the working speedRMSs, Bs, Ks, then carry out step S5；
S5, establishes the equivalent model of shafting to be measured, and proposes shafting vibration damping scheme.
Preferably, the step S1, specifically includes the following steps:
S11 carries out the installation of standard shafting；
S12 adds different clump weights by fastening in standard axle, and measure under different situations under working speed
The r. m. s. value kurtosis index X of standard shaftingRMS, peak index B and kurtosis index K；
S13 is repeated step S12M times under M different revolving speeds；
S14, according to the root-mean-square value X of the obtained oscillation crosswise signal of step S12-S13RMSWith kurtosis index K, phase is obtained
With under revolving speed, the Trendline for establishing virtual value and kurtosis index respectively of the standard shafting of different counterweights, according to different rotating speeds
Corresponding Trendline can then form corresponding trend surface；
S15 under the conditions of same rotational speed and different counterweight, establishes peak according to the peak index that step S12-S13 is obtained
The Trendline of value index can then form corresponding trend surface according to the corresponding Trendline of different rotating speeds；
S16 under the conditions of same rotational speed and different counterweight, establishes arteries and veins according to the peak index that step S12-S13 is obtained
The Trendline of punching value can then form corresponding trend surface according to the corresponding Trendline of different rotating speeds；
S17, the step S14, trend surface that S15, S16 are respectively obtained, as contrast characteristic's database of standard shafting；
Wherein, the M different revolving speeds to small from being followed successively by greatly, 1*1.2Vs/M, 2*1.2Vs/M, 3*1.2Vs/M ...
M*1.2Vs/M, the M are any one in 11,12,13,14,15, and the Vs is working speed.
Preferably, the standard shafting includes:
Motor；
The output axis connection of crankshaft, output end and motor；
At least a pair of of crosshead, passes through connecting rod and is connected on the crankshaft, and a pair of connecting rod vertical distribution is in institute
State crankshaft two sides.
Preferably, the step S12 includes:
S121: it at the both ends symmetric position of the crankshaft, respectively corresponds and the first of add/not add quality m1 simultaneously
The uneven block of uneven block, add/not add quality m2 second, is specifically divided into following three kinds of situations:
1) the uneven block of addition first simultaneously and the second uneven block；2) it only adds the first uneven block and corresponds to position in it
It sets；3) the second uneven block is only added in its corresponding position；
And the shafting vibration data under above-mentioned three kinds of different situations are measured respectively；
Wherein, m1=m2=n1δm2, n1For 0,1,2,3 ... N1Each of, expression is n1For 0,1,2,3 ... N1In
Any one value the case where when, be required to be measured shafting vibration data, N1It is any in=10,11,12,13,14,15
One；
Described first uneven block and the second balance weight are about the asymmetrical eccentric disc of axis, δ m2=0.1Kg；Institute
State the data that shafting vibration signal includes: oscillation crosswise signal, torsional vibration signals and torque signal.
Preferably, the step S12 includes:
S122: it at the symmetric position of the pair of crosshead, respectively corresponds and add/not add quality m simultaneously3?
One clump weight, add/not add quality m4Second clump weight is specifically divided into following three kinds of situations:
1) the first clump weight and the second clump weight are added simultaneously；2) the first clump weight is only added in its corresponding position；3) only
The second clump weight is added in its corresponding position；
And the shafting vibration data under above-mentioned three kinds of different situations are measured respectively；
Wherein, | m3-m4|=n2δm1, n2For 0,1,2,3 ... N2Each of, expression is n2For 0,1,2,3 ... N2In
Any one value the case where when, be required to be measured shafting vibration data, N2It is any in=10,11,12,13,14,15
One；
First clump weight and the second clump weight are about axisymmetric disk, δ m120 points of=crosshead weight
One of；The shafting vibration signal includes: the data of oscillation crosswise signal, torsional vibration signals and torque signal.
Preferably, the step S12 includes:
S123: it at the symmetric position of the pair of crosshead, respectively corresponds and the of add/not add quality m5 simultaneously
Three clump weights；It is specifically divided into following three kinds of situations:
1) third clump weight is added simultaneously at two；2) third clump weight is added at one in its corresponding position；3) another
Third clump weight is added at one in its corresponding position；
And the shafting vibration data under above-mentioned three kinds of different situations are measured respectively；
Wherein, m5=n3δm1, n3For 0,1,2,3 ... N3Each of, expression is n3For 0,1,2,3 ... N3In appoint
What when the case where value, it is required to be measured shafting vibration data, N3Any one in=10,11,12,13,14,15；
The third clump weight is about axisymmetric disk, δ m1/ 20th of=crosshead weight；The shafting
Vibration signal includes: the data of oscillation crosswise signal, torsional vibration signals and torque signal.
Preferably, the step S12 includes:
S124: it at the both ends symmetric position of the crankshaft, respectively corresponds and the 4th of add/not add quality m6 simultaneously
Clump weight；It is specifically divided into following three kinds of situations:
1) the 4th clump weight is added simultaneously at two；2) the 4th clump weight is added at one in its corresponding position；3) another
The 4th clump weight is added at one in its corresponding position；
And the shafting vibration data under above-mentioned three kinds of different situations are measured respectively；
Wherein, m6=n4δm2, n4For 0,1,2,3 ... N4Each of, expression is n4For 0,1,2,3 ... N4In appoint
What when the case where value, it is required to be measured shafting vibration data, N4Any one in=10,11,12,13,14,15；
4th clump weight is about axisymmetric disk, δ m2=0.1Kg；The shafting vibration signal includes: transverse direction
The data of vibration signal, torsional vibration signals and torque signal.
Preferably, the step S12 includes:
S125: it at the both ends symmetric position of the crankshaft, respectively corresponds and add/not add quality m simultaneously7First
Turntable, add/not add quality m8The second turntable, be specifically divided into following three kinds of situations:
1) the first turntable and the second turntable are added simultaneously；2) the first turntable is only added in its corresponding position；3) only addition the
Two turntables are in its corresponding position；
And the shafting vibration data under above-mentioned three kinds of different situations are measured respectively；
Wherein, m7=m8=n5δm2, n5For 0,1,2,3 ... N5Each of, expression is n5For 0,1,2,3 ... N5In
Any one value the case where when, be required to be measured shafting vibration data, N5It is any in=10,11,12,13,14,15
One；
First turntable and the second turntable are the basic turntable group that m eccentric mass is 0.1Kg, eccentricity is 0.1m
At δ m2The number of=0.1Kg, m are determined according to its quality；The shafting vibration signal includes: oscillation crosswise signal, torsional oscillation letter
Number and torque signal data.
The present invention is include at least the following beneficial effects:
1, a kind of shuttling device shafting vibration experiment provided by the invention and analysis method realize shuttling device shafting and match
The experiment and law study that heavy amount different size shaft vibration influences；
2, a kind of shuttling device shafting vibration experiment provided by the invention and analysis method realize shuttling device shafting not
Balance weight vary in weight size shaft vibration influence experiment and law study；
3, a kind of shuttling device shafting vibration experiment provided by the invention and analysis method facilitate verifying, check shafting is imitated
True mode；
4, a kind of shuttling device shafting vibration experiment provided by the invention and analysis method help to study shafting vibration spy
Property, shafting vibration property data base is established, provides support for shafting diagnosis.
Further advantage, target and feature of the invention will be partially reflected by the following instructions, and part will also be by this
The research and practice of invention and be understood by the person skilled in the art.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of standard shafting of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the segmentation schematic diagram of the standard crankshaft of the invention；
Fig. 4 is the system diagram of shafting equivalent of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is campbell of the present invention figure.
Description of symbols: 1, motor, 2, shaft coupling, 3, crankshaft, 4, connecting rod, 5, crosshead, 6, bearing, 7, crankcase.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, to enable those skilled in the art referring to specification text
Word can be implemented accordingly.
It should be noted that experimental method described in following embodiments is unless otherwise specified conventional method, institute
Reagent and material are stated, unless otherwise specified, is commercially obtained；In the description of the present invention, term " transverse direction ", " vertical
To ", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", the instructions such as "outside" side
Position or positional relationship are to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are merely for convenience of description of the present invention and simplification of the description,
It is not that the device of indication or suggestion meaning or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, because
This is not considered as limiting the invention.
As shown in Figs. 1-5, the present invention provides a kind of experiment of shuttling device shafting vibration and analysis method, including following step
It is rapid:
S1 establishes contrast characteristic's database of standard shafting；
S2 carries out oscillation crosswise signal, torsional vibration signals and torque to shafting to be checked and believes under the working speed of shafting to be checked
Number detection, and accordingly obtain r. m. s. value kurtosis index XRMS1, peak index B1And kurtosis index K1；
S3, the X that step S2 is obtainedRMS1、B1、K1, in contrast characteristic's database of standard shafting under the working speed
R. m. s. value kurtosis index XRMSs, peak index Bs and kurtosis index Ks be compared:
If the X of shafting to be checkedRMS1、B1、K1No more than in the work in contrast characteristic's database of corresponding standard shafting
Make the X under revolving speedRMSs, Bs, Ks, then determine that the shafting vibration of shafting to be checked is normal；
If the X of shafting to be checkedRMS1、B1、K1Any one of be greater than, in contrast characteristic's database of corresponding standard shafting
X under the working speedRMSs, Bs, Ks, then carry out step S4；
S4 analyzes shafting to be checked with the presence or absence of mass unbalance；
Mass unbalance if it does not exist then carries out step S5；
Mass unbalance if it exists, then by adding clump weight in shafting to be checked, so that its mass balance and repetition step
Rapid S2 obtains secondary XRMS2、B2、K2, and in contrast characteristic's database of standard shafting under the working speed
XRMSs, Bs, Ks be compared:
If secondary X of shafting to be checkedRMS2、B2、K2No more than contrast characteristic's database of corresponding standard shafting
The interior X under the working speedRMSs, Bs, Ks, then determine be added to the shafting to be checked after counterweight shafting vibration it is normal；
If secondary X of shafting to be checkedRMS2、B2、K2Any one of be greater than, contrast characteristic's number of corresponding standard shafting
According to the X in library under the working speedRMSs, Bs, Ks, then carry out step S5；
S5, establishes the equivalent model of shafting to be measured, and proposes shafting vibration damping scheme.
In this kind of technical solution, using comprehensive shafting vibration detection scheme, many kinds of parameters data are acquired.In existing skill
In art, when carrying out shafting vibration detection, single torsion vibration signal data or oscillation crosswise data are often only acquired.This hair
Not only the signal of the twisting vibration of shaft is detected in bright, using photoelectric sensor and black and white code tape, for electricity
Arbor output end or crankshaft input terminal position measure torsion vibration signal；Shafting oscillation crosswise signal is detected, using vibrating sensing
Device measures vibration signal to crankshaft two end bearing portion；The torque signal for detecting shafting is filled using foil gauge and wireless remote sensing
It sets, measures the torque value of motor shaft output or crankshaft input terminal position.It is detected by comprehensive shaft, to complete
Shaft vibrates complete information.The signal of above-mentioned acquisition is integrated, is generally speaking exactly to be carried out laterally to shafting to be checked
The detection of vibration signal, torsional vibration signals and torque signal, and accordingly obtain r. m. s. value kurtosis index XRMS1, peak index B1 and
Kurtosis index K1.The width facilities of black and white code band are as follows: 1) analyzing order and reach 30 ranks, it is sufficient to meet Analysis of Torsional Vibration need
It wants.I.e. every umber of pulse (PPR) that turns needs to reach 60.2) code bandwidth (secret note width is plus the sum of informal voucher width) are as follows: B≤D* π/
60
Specific process is tied up under operating rate by the vibration signal to shafting to be measured with standard axle referring to shown in Fig. 2
Comparison, that is, may know that, the vibration of the shafting to be measured, if abnormal, passes through the process pair whether in the normal range
After shafting to be measured is modified, it can continue to be on active service.Clump weight is that its needs is fixed to by way of screw or buckle
The position of counterweight, the corresponding position using screw, standard shafting and shafting to be measured are to be prefabricated into the screw hole with matching
Standard shafting and shafting to be measured, and the weight of clump weight needs the weight plus screw, and buckle-type is by clump weight point
It is annular or class annular after splicing for two halves, and axis or crosshead is stuck in its inner ring.
In another technical solution, the step S1, specifically includes the following steps:
S11 carries out the installation of standard shafting；
S12 adds different clump weights by fastening in standard axle, and measure under different situations under working speed
The r. m. s. value kurtosis index X of standard shaftingRMS, peak index B and kurtosis index K；
S13 is repeated step S12M times under M different revolving speeds；
S14, according to the root-mean-square value X of the obtained oscillation crosswise signal of step S12-S13RMSWith kurtosis index K, phase is obtained
With under revolving speed, the Trendline for establishing virtual value and kurtosis index respectively of the standard shafting of different counterweights, according to different rotating speeds
Corresponding Trendline can then form corresponding trend surface；
S15 under the conditions of same rotational speed and different counterweight, establishes peak according to the peak index that step S12-S13 is obtained
The Trendline of value index can then form corresponding trend surface according to the corresponding Trendline of different rotating speeds；
S16 under the conditions of same rotational speed and different counterweight, establishes arteries and veins according to the peak index that step S12-S13 is obtained
The Trendline of punching value can then form corresponding trend surface according to the corresponding Trendline of different rotating speeds；
S17, the step S14, trend surface that S15, S16 are respectively obtained, as contrast characteristic's database of standard shafting；
Wherein, the M different revolving speeds to small from being followed successively by greatly, 1*1.2Vs/M, 2*1.2Vs/M, 3*1.2Vs/M ...
M*1.2Vs/M, the M are any one in 11,12,13,14,15, and the Vs is working speed.
In this kind of technical solution, the signal for extracting above-mentioned acquisition compares the foundation of property data base:
(1) oscillation crosswise signal
The root-mean-square value X of oscillation crosswise signalRMSWith kurtosis index K as time domain index.Root-mean-square value can reflect signal
The variation of energy is suitable for judging gradual feature；And kurtosis index is then that changing features early stage is more sensitive.
In formula, { xi } is discrete signal sequence, number N.
According under same rotational speed, different counterweights establishes the Trendline of virtual value and kurtosis index respectively.By different rotating speeds
Corresponding Trendline can then form corresponding trend surface.
(2) torsion vibration signal
Extract the instantaneous angular velocity of torsion vibration signal.Due to measuring torsion vibration using photoelectric sensor and black and white code tape
Dynamic signal, photoelectric sensor is for leukorrhea return signal 1, for black-tape then not return signal, therefore, what photoelectric sensor obtained
Torsion vibration signal is that { Yi } is time series corresponding to each leukorrhea.Assuming that 1 circle black and white code tape of arrangement, wherein informal voucher on axis
Number is m.Then instantaneous angular velocity may be calculated:
It calculates instantaneous angular velocity and fluctuates size, measured using peak index Ip, solved shown in mode such as formula (4).
In formula, wpFor the arithmetic mean of instantaneous value of 10 extreme values of maximum absolute value in angular velocity signal；wrmsFor angular velocity signal
Root-mean-square value.
According under same rotational speed, different counterweights establishes the Trendline of peak index respectively.By different rotating speeds it is corresponding become
Gesture line can then form corresponding trend surface.
(3) torque signal
Due to there is fluctuation when shafting rotation, torque is also fluctuation.Torsional oscillation is more violent, and the peak value of torque is got over
Greatly.Therefore, the peak value and mean value for extracting torque signal, by solving the ratio of torque peak and mean value, i.e. pulse index, as
Judge a foundation of torsional oscillation.
According under same rotational speed, different counterweights establishes the Trendline of pulse value respectively.By the corresponding trend of different rotating speeds
Line can then form corresponding trend surface.
(4) trend surface being made of oscillation crosswise, torsional oscillation and torque signal then constitutes the characteristic of shafting vibration
Library.According to this feature library, the influence factor and its affecting laws for checking shafting vibration can analyze.
In another technical solution, the standard shafting includes:
Motor；
The output axis connection of crankshaft, output end and motor；
At least a pair of of crosshead, passes through connecting rod and is connected on the crankshaft, and a pair of connecting rod vertical distribution is in institute
State crankshaft two sides.
In this kind of technical solution, standard shafting is as shown in Figure 1, be common classical axis when the field is studied
System, including motor 1, shaft coupling 2, crankshaft 3, connecting rod 4, crosshead 5, bearing 6, crankcase 7.
In another technical solution, the step S12 includes:
S121: at the both ends symmetric position of the crankshaft (at than as shown in Figure 1 112 and 111, crankshaft as described below
At the symmetric position of both ends, it is 111 and 112, repeats no more), it respectively corresponds and add/not add quality m simultaneously1First not
Balance weight, add/not add quality m2Second uneven block, is specifically divided into following three kinds of situations:
1) the uneven block of addition first simultaneously and the second uneven block；2) it only adds the first uneven block and corresponds to position in it
It sets；3) the second uneven block is only added in its corresponding position；
And the shafting vibration data under above-mentioned three kinds of different situations are measured respectively；
Wherein, m1=m2=n1δm2, n1For 0,1,2,3 ... N1Each of, expression is n1For 0,1,2,3 ... N1In
Any one value the case where when, be required to be measured shafting vibration data, N1It is any in=10,11,12,13,14,15
One；
Described first uneven block and the second uneven block are about the asymmetrical eccentric disc of axis, δ m2=0.1Kg；
The shafting vibration signal includes: the data of oscillation crosswise signal, torsional vibration signals and torque signal.
It is correspondingly arranged the first uneven block in this kind of technical solution, at 111, the second uneven block is correspondingly arranged at 112.
In another technical solution, the step S12 includes:
S122: at the symmetric position of the pair of crosshead (at than as shown in Figure 1 113 and 114, a pair as described below
At the both ends symmetric position of crosshead, it is 113 and 114, repeats no more), it respectively corresponds and add/not add quality m simultaneously3
The first clump weight, add/not add quality m4Second clump weight is specifically divided into following three kinds of situations:
1) the first clump weight and the second clump weight are added simultaneously；2) the first clump weight is only added in its corresponding position；3) only
The second clump weight is added in its corresponding position；
And the shafting vibration data under above-mentioned three kinds of different situations are measured respectively；
Wherein, | m3-m4|=n2δm1, n2For 0,1,2,3 ... N2Each of, expression is n2For 0,1,2,3 ... N2
Any one of value the case where when, be required to be measured shafting vibration data, N2It is any in=10,11,12,13,14,15
One；
First clump weight and the second clump weight are about axisymmetric disk, δ m120 points of=crosshead weight
One of；The shafting vibration signal includes: the data of oscillation crosswise signal, torsional vibration signals and torque signal.
It is correspondingly arranged the first clump weight in this kind of technical solution, at 113, the second clump weight is correspondingly arranged at 114.m4It is logical
It is standing to be set to m4=δ m1。
In another technical solution, the step S12 includes:
S123: it at the symmetric position of the pair of crosshead, respectively corresponds and add/not add quality m simultaneously5?
Three clump weights；It is specifically divided into following three kinds of situations:
1) third clump weight is added simultaneously at two；2) third clump weight is added at one in its corresponding position；3) another
Third clump weight is added at one in its corresponding position；
And the shafting vibration data under above-mentioned three kinds of different situations are measured respectively；
Wherein, m5=n3δm1, n3For 0,1,2,3 ... N3Each of, expression is n3For 0,1,2,3 ... N3In appoint
What when the case where value, it is required to be measured shafting vibration data, N3Any one in=10,11,12,13,14,15；
The third clump weight is about axisymmetric disk, δ m1/ 20th of=crosshead weight；The shafting
Vibration signal includes: the data of oscillation crosswise signal, torsional vibration signals and torque signal.
In another technical solution, the step S12 includes:
S124: it at the both ends symmetric position of the crankshaft, respectively corresponds and add/not add quality m simultaneously6The 4th
Clump weight；It is specifically divided into following three kinds of situations:
1) the 4th clump weight is added simultaneously at two；2) the 4th clump weight is added at one in its corresponding position；3) another
The 4th clump weight is added at one in its corresponding position；
And the shafting vibration data under above-mentioned three kinds of different situations are measured respectively；
Wherein, m6=n4δm2, n4For 0,1,2,3 ... N4Each of, expression is n4For 0,1,2,3 ... N4In appoint
What when the case where value, it is required to be measured shafting vibration data, N4Any one in=10,11,12,13,14,15；
4th clump weight is about axisymmetric disk, δ m2=0.1Kg；The shafting vibration signal includes: transverse direction
The data of vibration signal, torsional vibration signals and torque signal.
In another technical solution, the step S12 includes:
S125: it at the both ends symmetric position of the crankshaft, respectively corresponds and add/not add quality m simultaneously7First
Turntable, add/not add quality m8The second turntable, be specifically divided into following three kinds of situations:
1) the first turntable and the second turntable are added simultaneously；2) the first turntable is only added in its corresponding position；3) only addition the
Two turntables are in its corresponding position；
And the shafting vibration data under above-mentioned three kinds of different situations are measured respectively；
Wherein, m7=m8=n5δm2, n5For 0,1,2,3 ... N5Each of, expression is n5For 0,1,2,3 ... N5In
Any one value the case where when, be required to be measured shafting vibration data, N5It is any one in=10,11,12,13,14,15
It is a；
First turntable and the second turntable are the basic turntable that m eccentric mass is 0.1Kg, eccentricity is 0.1m, δ
m2The number of=0.1Kg, m are determined according to its quality；The shafting vibration signal include: oscillation crosswise signal, torsional vibration signals and
The data of torque signal.The turntable is also possible to by several rotary inertias be 0.5kg*m2Basic non-eccentricity turntable group
At, be also required in that case carry out shafting vibration data measurement.
It is correspondingly arranged the first turntable in this kind of technical solution, at 111, the second turntable is correspondingly arranged at 112.
The step S5, establishes the equivalent model of shafting to be measured, and proposes shafting vibration damping scheme, and specific operating procedure is such as
Under:
It since shuttling device shafting structure is complicated, and include reciprocation module, direct shaft structure carries out limited
Meta analysis, it is difficult to which reciprocating mass is equivalent in shafting.And quick and convenient, physical concept is calculated it using equivalent system model
Clearly, the features such as visual result, modification facilitate, has great importance for shafting vibration characteristic.So-called equivalent system model,
It is to divide shafting, it is equivalent at a series of disks, it is connected between disk by torsionspring rigidity.Each disk, which has, concentrates rotation used
Amount, source mainly has: the rotary inertia of crankshaft, reciprocating mass be equivalent, connecting rod equivalent moment of inertia, shaft coupling rotary inertia
With rotor rotary inertia etc..
The foundation of shafting equivalent model is as follows:
(1) shafting is equivalent.
It is split according to principle shaft shown in following.
The position of centrostigma (equivalent round disk) is determined, to divide shafting.Each crank center line is as a centrostigma
(equivalent round disk) has and is also used as centrostigma (disk) compared with the part centerline of large rotating inertia, elastic coupling it is active and passive
Part is divided into two centrostigmas (disk).Axis is split with vertical cross-section where centrostigma.It is concentrated after segmentation per adjacent two
A shaft part is formed between point.The shaft part rotary inertia is averagely allocated to adjacent centrostigma (disk).Meanwhile the shaft part is made
For the equivalent spring rigidity for connecting adjacent discs.Motor shaft is also split by similar principle.
By taking standard crankshaft (as shown in Figure 3) as an example, carried out in crank axis center, loading ability of bearing center line a, b, c, d and e
Segmentation.As shown in figure 3, connecting spring of the shaft end formed between center line as equivalent turntable, position where center line
The equivalent moment of inertia of turntable, respectively by the sum of the half rotary inertia of the adjacent shaft end in front and back.
(2) the equivalent torsionspring Rigidity Calculation of each shaft end.
It is calculated using finite element method, shaft end one end is fixed, other end applies certain torque value, according to calculating
Windup-degree is as a result, can be in the hope of its equivalent torsional stiffness.
(3) each turntable equivalent moment of inertia calculates.
Rotary inertia of each shaft part relative to standard crankshaft rotation center is checked by three-dimensional software.And reciprocating mass is pressed
Conservation of energy principle is equivalent to rotary inertia, is attached at each column crank-pin, and the rotary inertia of rotor is attached by quality disk
It is added on equivalent round disk.
(4) intrinsic frequency calculates.
Assuming that the equivalent turntable quantity of equivalent system is n, then its connecting spring quantity is n-1, as shown in Figure 4.
According to Fig. 4, the vibratory response equation of shafting equivalent system are as follows:
The inherent characteristic equation of shafting equivalent system are as follows:
Because damping influences very little to system frequency, therefore, ignores damping, calculate undamped natural frequency of a mechanical system.
Wherein, J and K is respectively indicated as follows:
Its remainder is expressed as follows:
The intrinsic frequency of shafting is solved using equivalent system, obtains the critical speed (resonant frequency) of corresponding each rank.
(5) according to critical speed and the currently running speed of device, campbell figure is drawn, has checked whether resonance point.
As shown in figure 5, campbell drawing drawing method is as follows:
1) abscissa (X-axis) is the range of speeds that device can be run；
2) the current speed of service n of determining device0, it is n that an abscissa is drawn in X-axis0Vertical line, and with n0± 5%
n0Draw two vertical lines in place；
3) ordinate is divided into two ordinates of Y1 and Y2 or so, and wherein Y1 is critical speed axis, and Y2 is resonant frequency axis；
4) former rank resonant frequencies are converted into critical speed, the horizontal line of critical speed are drawn with Y1 axis, in Fig. 5
First three rank intrinsic frequency uses f respectively1, f2And f3It indicates；
5) Y2 axis is that current rotating speed correspond to k times, k=1 of fundamental frequency, 2,3 ... 10, and k times of fundamental frequency is the beginning on origin and Y2 axis
It is last, corresponding dotted line is drawn, such as the empty oblique line of the blue in Fig. 5；
6) after campbell figure has been drawn, n is checked0± 5%n0In range the horizontal line of intrinsic frequency whether with blue void
Oblique line has intersection point, is the factor for causing resonance if having intersection point.
(6) critical zone is analyzed
In order to avoid device because resonance causes violent vibration, should guarantee as far as possible in n0± 5%n0Intrinsic frequency water in range
Horizontal line and the empty oblique line of blue are without intersection point.It, can be to avoid intersecting in the range by adjusting intrinsic frequency if there is intersection point.
The advantages of equivalent system, shows, it may be convenient to the rotary inertia of turntable is changed, it is intrinsic so as to quickly and easily adjust
Frequency；Also, each turntable corresponds to some shaft end in shafting, and physical significance is clearly.Therefore, it numerically adjusts
The rotary inertia of turntable then corresponds in shafting, increases corresponding clump weight, the crosshead such as in Fig. 1 113,
114 or the crankshaft both ends symmetric position at 111, the 112 corresponding clump weights of addition.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, but its is not only in the description and the implementation listed
With it can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention, for those skilled in the art, can be easily
Realize other modification, therefore without departing from the general concept defined in the claims and the equivalent scope, the present invention is simultaneously unlimited
In specific details and legend shown and described herein.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of shuttling device shafting vibration experiment and analysis method, which comprises the following steps:
S1 establishes contrast characteristic's database of standard shafting；
S2 carries out oscillation crosswise signal, torsional vibration signals and torque signal to shafting to be checked under the working speed of shafting to be checked
Detection, and accordingly obtain r. m. s. value kurtosis index XRMS1, peak index B1And kurtosis index K1；
S3, the X that step S2 is obtainedRMS1、B1、K1, and it is equal under the working speed in contrast characteristic's database of standard shafting
Root plants kurtosis index XRMSs, peak index Bs and kurtosis index Ks be compared:
If the X of shafting to be checkedRMS1、B1、K1No more than in the work turn in contrast characteristic's database of corresponding standard shafting
X under speedRMSs, Bs, Ks, then determine that the shafting vibration of shafting to be checked is normal；
If the X of shafting to be checkedRMS1, any one of B1, K1 be greater than, in the work in contrast characteristic's database of corresponding standard shafting
Make the X under revolving speedRMSs, Bs, Ks, then carry out step S4；
S4 analyzes shafting to be checked with the presence or absence of mass unbalance；
Mass unbalance if it does not exist then carries out step S5；
Mass unbalance if it exists, then by adding clump weight in shafting to be checked, so that its mass balance and repetition step S2
Obtain secondary XRMS2、B2、K2, and with the X in contrast characteristic's database of standard shafting under the working speedRMSs、Bs、
Ks is compared:
If secondary X of shafting to be checkedRMS2、B2、K2No more than in contrast characteristic's database of, corresponding standard shafting
X under the working speedRMSs, Bs, Ks, then determine be added to the shafting to be checked after counterweight shafting vibration it is normal；
If secondary X of shafting to be checkedRMS2、B2、K2Any one of be greater than, contrast characteristic's database of corresponding standard shafting
The interior X under the working speedRMSs, Bs, Ks, then carry out step S5；
S5, establishes the equivalent model of shafting to be measured, and proposes shafting vibration damping scheme.
2. a kind of shuttling device shafting vibration experiment as described in claim 1 and analysis method, which is characterized in that the step
S1, specifically includes the following steps:
S11 carries out the installation of standard shafting；
S12 adds different clump weights by fastening in standard axle, and measure the standard under different situations under working speed
The r. m. s. value kurtosis index X of shaftingRMS, peak index B and kurtosis index K；
S13 is repeated step S12M times under M different revolving speeds；
S14, according to the root-mean-square value X of the obtained oscillation crosswise signal of step S12-S13RMSWith kurtosis index K, identical turn is obtained
Under speed, the Trendline for establishing virtual value and kurtosis index respectively of the standard shafting of different counterweights is corresponding according to different rotating speeds
Trendline, then can form corresponding trend surface；
S15 under the conditions of same rotational speed and different counterweight, establishes peak value and refers to according to the peak index that step S12-S13 is obtained
Target Trendline can then form corresponding trend surface according to the corresponding Trendline of different rotating speeds；
S16 under the conditions of same rotational speed and different counterweight, establishes pulse value according to the peak index that step S12-S13 is obtained
Trendline corresponding trend surface can then be formed according to the corresponding Trendline of different rotating speeds；
S17, the step S14, trend surface that S15, S16 are respectively obtained, as contrast characteristic's database of standard shafting；
Wherein, the M different revolving speeds to small from being followed successively by greatly, 1*1.2Vs/M, 2*1.2Vs/M, 3*1.2Vs/M ... M*
1.2Vs/M, the M are any one in 11,12,13,14,15, and the Vs is working speed.
3. a kind of shuttling device shafting vibration experiment as claimed in claim 2 and analysis method, which is characterized in that the standard
Shafting includes:
Motor；
The output axis connection of crankshaft, output end and motor；
At least a pair of of crosshead, passes through connecting rod and is connected on the crankshaft, and a pair of connecting rod vertical distribution is in the song
Axis two sides.
4. a kind of shuttling device shafting vibration experiment as claimed in claim 3 and analysis method, which is characterized in that the step
S12 includes:
S121: it at the both ends symmetric position of the crankshaft, respectively corresponds and add/not add quality m simultaneously1It is first uneven
Weigh block, add/not add quality m2Second uneven block, is specifically divided into following three kinds of situations:
1) the uneven block of addition first simultaneously and the second uneven block；2) the first uneven block is only added in its corresponding position；3)
Only the uneven block of addition second is in its corresponding position；
And the shafting vibration data under above-mentioned three kinds of different situations are measured respectively；
Wherein, m1=m2=n1δ m2, n1For 0,1,2,3 ... N1Each of, expression is n1For 0,1,2,3 ... N1In it is any
When the case where one value, it is required to be measured shafting vibration data, N1Any one in=10,11,12,13,14,15；
Described first uneven block and the second balance weight are about the asymmetrical eccentric disc of axis, δ m2=0.1Kg；The shafting
Vibration signal includes: the data of oscillation crosswise signal, torsional vibration signals and torque signal.
5. a kind of shuttling device shafting vibration experiment as claimed in claim 3 and analysis method, which is characterized in that the step
S12 includes:
S122: it at the symmetric position of the pair of crosshead, respectively corresponds and add/not add quality m simultaneously3First match
Pouring weight, add/not add quality m4Second clump weight is specifically divided into following three kinds of situations:
1) the first clump weight and the second clump weight are added simultaneously；2) the first clump weight is only added in its corresponding position；3) it only adds
Second clump weight is in its corresponding position；
And the shafting vibration data under above-mentioned three kinds of different situations are measured respectively；
Wherein, | m3-m4 |=n2δ m1, n2For 0,1,2,3 ... N2Each of, expression is n2For 0,1,2,3 ... N2In
When the case where any one value, it is required to be measured shafting vibration data, N2It is any one in=10,11,12,13,14,15
It is a；
First clump weight and the second clump weight are about axisymmetric disk, δ m1/ 20th of=crosshead weight；
The shafting vibration signal includes: the data of oscillation crosswise signal, torsional vibration signals and torque signal.
6. a kind of shuttling device shafting vibration experiment as claimed in claim 3 and analysis method, which is characterized in that the step
S12 includes:
S123: it at the symmetric position of the pair of crosshead, respectively corresponds and add/not add quality m simultaneously5Third match
Pouring weight；It is specifically divided into following three kinds of situations:
1) third clump weight is added simultaneously at two；2) third clump weight is added at one in its corresponding position；3) at another place
Third clump weight is added in its corresponding position；
And the shafting vibration data under above-mentioned three kinds of different situations are measured respectively；
Wherein, m5=n3δm1, n3For 0,1,2,3 ... N3Each of, expression is n3For 0,1,2,3 ... N3Any one of
When the case where value, it is required to be measured shafting vibration data, N3Any one in=10,11,12,13,14,15；
The third clump weight is about axisymmetric disk, δ m1/ 20th of=crosshead weight；The shafting vibration
Signal includes: the data of oscillation crosswise signal, torsional vibration signals and torque signal.
7. a kind of shuttling device shafting vibration experiment as claimed in claim 3 and analysis method, which is characterized in that the step
S12 includes:
S124: it at the both ends symmetric position of the crankshaft, respectively corresponds and add/not add quality m simultaneously6The 4th counterweight
Block；It is specifically divided into following three kinds of situations:
1) the 4th clump weight is added simultaneously at two；2) the 4th clump weight is added at one in its corresponding position；3) at another place
The 4th clump weight is added in its corresponding position；
And the shafting vibration data under above-mentioned three kinds of different situations are measured respectively；
Wherein, m6=n4δm2, n4For 0,1,2,3 ... N4Each of, expression is n4For 0,1,2,3 ... N4Any one of
When the case where value, it is required to be measured shafting vibration data, N4Any one in=10,11,12,13,14,15；
4th clump weight is about axisymmetric disk, δ m2=0.1Kg；The shafting vibration signal includes: oscillation crosswise
The data of signal, torsional vibration signals and torque signal.
8. a kind of shuttling device shafting vibration experiment as claimed in claim 3 and analysis method, which is characterized in that the step
S12 includes:
S125: it at the both ends symmetric position of the crankshaft, respectively corresponds and add/not add quality m simultaneously7The first turntable,
Add/not add quality m8The second turntable, be specifically divided into following three kinds of situations:
1) the first turntable and the second turntable are added simultaneously；2) the first turntable is only added in its corresponding position；3) only second turn of addition
Disk is in its corresponding position；
And the shafting vibration data under above-mentioned three kinds of different situations are measured respectively；
Wherein, m7=m8=n5δm2, n5For 0,1,2,3 ... N5Each of, expression is n5For 0,1,2,3 ... N5In it is any
When the case where one value, it is required to be measured shafting vibration data, N5Any one in=10,11,12,13,14,15；
First turntable and the second turntable are the basic turntable composition that m eccentric mass is 0.1Kg, eccentricity is 0.1m, δ
m2The number of=0.1Kg, m are determined according to its quality；The shafting vibration signal include: oscillation crosswise signal, torsional vibration signals and
The data of torque signal.
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