CN109346799B - Parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with current equalizing function - Google Patents
Parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with current equalizing function Download PDFInfo
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- CN109346799B CN109346799B CN201811292580.0A CN201811292580A CN109346799B CN 109346799 B CN109346799 B CN 109346799B CN 201811292580 A CN201811292580 A CN 201811292580A CN 109346799 B CN109346799 B CN 109346799B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
- H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
- H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
The invention provides a parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with a current equalizing function. The upper side of the battery pack is provided with a rectangular cooling air inlet channel. The cooling air inlet channel is provided with two layers which are separated by a partition plate, the upper layer cooling air inlet channel is surrounded by the partition plate and a battery fixing plate, the lower layer inlet channel is surrounded by the partition plate and a battery pack bottom shell, and a circular hollow channel is arranged in the center of the partition plate. A plurality of miniature fans are disposed in the second layer of the inlet channel, the base of which is secured to the bottom housing of the battery pack. A battery fixing plate integrated with the partition plate is arranged above the inlet channel, and a battery clamping position and a ventilation hole are formed in the fixing plate. Be equipped with the baffle between battery module and the module, be equipped with ventilation hole and rectangle ventilation channel on the baffle. The upper right side of the battery pack is provided with a cooling air outlet channel, and a sensor module is arranged in the channel. The invention can effectively reduce the temperature inconsistency in the battery pack, thereby reducing the risk of thermal runaway and prolonging the service life of the power battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an air-cooling structure design of a lithium ion battery pack, in particular to a parallel air-cooling battery pack structure with a current equalizing function.
Background
With the increasing environmental pollution and energy consumption, the application of power batteries in the field of vehicles has become very popular. The wide popularization of electric vehicles makes people have higher and higher requirements on the working current and energy density of power batteries, so that the ternary battery with higher nickel content is favored by power battery manufacturers and electric vehicle manufacturers. The ternary battery with high nickel content has high internal heat generation amount in the charging and discharging process, especially under the high-load working condition, so that the temperature of the ternary battery is very high during working, and the ternary battery has the risk of thermal runaway.
For the phenomenon, various cooling modes such as air cooling, liquid cooling, phase-change material cooling and the like are applied to the lithium ion battery thermal management system, so that the temperature of the battery cell in the battery pack is controlled. The air cooling structure has the advantages of being lowest in manufacturing cost, simple in structure and most widely applied at present, but the traditional forced parallel air cooling structure has the problems of serious uneven distribution of internal air flow and the like, so that batteries at different positions have large temperature difference. The inconsistency of the battery module temperature finally leads to the inconsistency of the battery capacity, which not only accelerates the capacity and service life loss of the battery, but also increases the risk of the overcharge or overdischarge phenomenon of individual batteries.
In view of the above analysis, a reasonable parallel air cooling structure is designed for the battery pack and the battery module, which is an effective method for improving the fluidity of the internal air, reducing the temperature of the battery, and improving the consistency of the temperature of the battery and the working performance of the battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a design and a technical scheme of a parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with a current sharing function, aiming at the problems in the background art. The concept and the technical scheme can be applied to thermal management systems of various cylindrical battery modules and battery packs. This design has added the cooling fan design bottom the battery package on traditional parallel mode lithium ion battery air-cooled structure's basis, and the purpose is drawn into the battery clearance of top through the rotatory vortex that produces of fan with the cooling air that flows through fast in the cooling air inlet passage to change the inside flow uniformity of battery module, and then improve the temperature uniformity of battery module, prolong the life of battery effectively and keep its higher use energy.
The utility model provides a parallel mode forced air cooling battery package structure with effect of flow equalizing, comprises a plurality of cylindrical batteries (8), and a plurality of battery cells pass through the electricity and connect and constitute battery module, separate by baffle (6) between the battery module, are equipped with rectangle vent (11) and circular ventilation hole (10) on the baffle between the battery module of each horizontal row to make each row of battery module all become a relatively independent cooling space. The cooling air inlet channel penetrates through the bottom of the whole battery pack, and the cooling air inlet channel of each row of battery modules is relatively independent. The cooling air inlet channel is of a double-layer structure, the first layer of cooling air inlet channel (1) and the space where the battery is located are integrated and used for cooling, a plurality of small cooling fans are arranged in the second layer of cooling air inlet channel (2) and used for generating upward vortex (4), the position of each cooling fan corresponds to the center position of the battery module above the cooling fan, and the fan base (3) is integrated with the bottom shell of the battery pack. The circular ventilation openings arranged on the middle partition board of the two layers of cooling air inlet channels enable the upper layer of channels and the lower layer of channels to be partially communicated. A battery fixing plate (5) is arranged above the cooling air outlet channel and integrated with a baffle plate or a shell outside the battery module, and a plurality of battery clamping positions and ventilation holes are formed in the plate. Cooling air outlet channel (9) run through whole battery package top, correspond the battery module position in the passageway and set up a plurality of sensor module (7).
The parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with the current equalizing function is characterized in that: the double-layer cooling air inlet channels are all rectangular channels. The cooling air flowing from the first layer cooling air inlet channel directly contacts the cylindrical battery; the cooling air flowing in from the second layer cooling air inlet channel drives the fan blades of the cooling fan to generate upward vortex. When the diameter of the battery in the battery module is d, the number of the batteries in each row of the battery module is n, and the distance between the batteries is h, the width of the inlet channel of each layer is (d multiplied by n + h multiplied by (n-1) +18) mm, and the height is 15 mm-25 mm.
The parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with the current equalizing function is characterized in that: battery module and battery module are separated by the baffle in the battery package, and the baffle top is equipped with the rectangle vent unanimous with cooling air inlet passageway shape, and the passageway below is equipped with four circular ventilation holes that the radius is 6 mm. The inner side and the outer side of the clapboard are coated with flame retardant coatings.
The parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with the current equalizing function is characterized in that: the partition plate and the upper ventilation structure divide a plurality of battery module groups inside the battery pack into a plurality of relatively independent cooling spaces. The corresponding cooling air inlet channels below each cooling space are also relatively independent.
The parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with the current equalizing function is characterized in that: the fan is arranged at the central position of the cooling air inlet channel of the second layer, the base of the fan is integrated with the shell of the battery pack, and the central position of the fan corresponds to the central position of the battery module above the base. Three light flabellums made of PBT plastic are fixed on the base, and lubricating oil is coated at the fixed connection part of the flabellums and the base. The diameter of the cooling fan is consistent with the width of the battery module.
The parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with the current equalizing function is characterized in that: the second layer of cooling air inlet channel is formed by a separator and a battery pack bottom shell together. The partition plate is 4mm thick, a circular ventilation opening with the diameter consistent with the width of the inlet channel is reserved in the middle, the centers of the circular ventilation opening correspond to the centers of the fans respectively, and the radius of the circular ventilation opening is the same as that of the fans.
The parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with the current equalizing function is characterized in that: battery fixed plate and battery module are baffle and first layer cooling air inlet channel around as an organic whole, and thickness is 4mm, is equipped with the ventilation hole that the radius is 4 ~ 6mm between the battery screens.
The parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with the current equalizing function is characterized in that: the cooling air outlet is arranged at the upper right part of the battery pack, and the cooling air outlet channel is a rectangular channel with the same size and specification as those of the inlet channel.
The inside both sides of cooling air outlet passage are equipped with sensor module respectively, are equipped with temperature, voltage and smog concentration sensor in the module respectively, monitor temperature, voltage and smog concentration in the battery module.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a left side view of a parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with current sharing function.
Fig. 2 is a top view (without top cover) of a parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with current sharing function.
Fig. 3 is a right side view of a parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with current sharing.
Fig. 4 is a perspective view showing the structure of a battery module and its surrounding separators in a battery pack.
Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the structure of a cooling air inlet channel below a single power battery module.
Fig. 6 is a perspective view (without top cover) of a parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with a current sharing function.
Fig. 7 is a graph comparing the average temperature of the battery module in the new structure with that in the conventional structure.
Fig. 8 is a graph comparing the maximum temperature difference between the unit cells in the battery module in the novel structure and the conventional structure.
In the figure: 1-a first layer of cooling air inlet channel, 2-a second layer of cooling air inlet channel, 3-a fan base, 4-a cooling fan, 5-a battery fixing plate, 6-a battery module separator, 7-a sensor module, 8-a battery, 9-a cooling air outlet channel, 10-a circular vent hole and 11-a rectangular vent hole.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiment of the present invention:
as shown in the figure, the parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with the current equalizing function is composed of a plurality of cylindrical power battery modules and components thereof, a battery (8) is fixed on a clamping position of a fixing plate (5), and a plurality of circular ventilation holes are formed in the fixing plate. The lower side of the battery pack is provided with double layers of cooling air inlet channels (1) and (2), and the two layers of channels are separated by a partition plate with a circular ventilation opening. A small cooling fan (4) with three plastic blades is arranged in the second layer cooling air inlet channel, the positions of the small cooling fan correspond to the central position of the upper battery module respectively, and a cooling fan base (3) is integrated with the bottom shell of the battery module. The battery modules are separated by a partition plate, and a rectangular vent (11) and four circular vents (10) which are consistent with the shape of the cooling air inlet channel are arranged on the module partition plate (6). A single-layer cooling air outlet channel (9) is arranged on the upper side of the battery pack, and a plurality of sensor modules (7) are arranged on two sides inside the channel respectively.
The structure can be applied to cooling systems of various cylindrical battery packs, and the width and the height of the channel size can be specifically determined according to the size, the number, the heat generation condition, the arrangement interval and other parameters of the batteries in the specific battery pack.
The batteries are connected in series and parallel by nickel sheets, and the battery module is electrically connected with the battery module through a rectangular vent preset above a battery module clapboard.
The blades of the cooling fan (4) are made of light plastic, so that low air flow rate can drive the cooling fan to rotate at low speed, the number of the blades is three, the blades are fixed on a fan base (3), and lubricating oil is coated between the blades and the base. The size of the cooling fan blade can be changed according to the specific size and the cooling requirement of the battery module, and the larger the radius of the fan blade is, the larger the generated upward vortex is.
A plastic partition plate (6) is arranged between the battery module and is integrated with the battery fixing plate (5) so as to delay the propagation of individual batteries when the thermal runaway happens. Rectangular ventilation holes (11) and circular ventilation holes (10) are reserved on the right side face of the battery module, so that the battery module which is transversely arranged and a cooling air inlet channel form a plurality of relatively independent cooling spaces. The relative independence of the cooling spaces allows for more efficient flow of cooling air within the battery pack.
Every battery module all is equipped with sensor module (7), and the inside is equipped with temperature sensor, voltage sensor and smog concentration sensor, can monitor the temperature, the voltage of each battery module in the battery package. And when the local battery is out of control due to heat, smoke alarm is carried out. Each module is connected with a BMS system of the battery pack, collects and stores real-time monitored temperature and voltage data, and controls the temperature and the flow rate of inlet cooling air in real time by combining a thermal management strategy.
The working principle of the parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with the current equalizing function is as follows: when the battery (8) is operated at a higher operating current, a large amount of heat is generated, and cooling air flows in from the cooling air inlet passage at different flow rates according to the heat generation condition of the battery and the thermal management strategy. To the flow inhomogeneity, the temperature uniformity scheduling problem that exist among the traditional parallel mode forced air cooling structure, the cooling air inlet passageway of this design is two-layer altogether, separates by the baffle that is equipped with circular passageway, and the baffle is integrative with battery module shell. The cooling air flowing in from the first layer cooling air inlet channel (1) directly enters the space where the battery module is located to cool the battery module, and the cooling air flowing in from the second layer cooling air inlet channel (2) directly drives fan blades made of light plastic to rotate. The air vortex generated by rotation can pass through the reserved circular channel on the partition plate, quickly contacts with cooling air flowing forwards in the first layer of cooling air inlet channel, the forward flowing speed of the air is reduced, part of the air is drawn into a battery gap above the inlet channel to fully cool the battery, and the cooled air flows out from the cooling air outlet channel (9). The cooling effect is improved by increasing the cooling air flow rate and the rotation speed of the bottom fan, increasing the upward generated vortex flow rate, and increasing the cooling air flow rate drawn into the battery gap.
As can be seen from the simulation results of fig. 5 and 6: under each cooling air flow rate, the average temperature and the average temperature difference of the battery module in the novel parallel air cooling structure related by the invention are reduced compared with the traditional structure, and the following description is fully provided: in the fan cooling structure, the unevenness of the flow inside the battery module and the temperature non-uniformity are effectively improved. Meanwhile, the structure provided by the invention is regular and simple, the difficulty in placing and arranging the battery modules is not increased, and the battery pack can be widely applied to battery packs with higher energy density.
Claims (8)
1. A parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with a current equalizing function is characterized by comprising a plurality of cylindrical batteries (8), a plurality of single batteries are electrically connected to form battery modules, the battery modules are separated by partition plates (6), and rectangular ventilation holes (11) and circular ventilation holes (10) are formed in the partition plates between every two transverse rows of battery modules, so that each row of battery modules form a relatively independent cooling space; the cooling air inlet channel penetrates through the bottom of the whole battery pack, and the cooling air inlet channels of each row of battery modules are relatively independent; the cooling air inlet channel is of a double-layer structure, and the first layer of cooling air inlet channel (1) is integrated with the space where the battery is located and used for cooling; a plurality of cooling fans (4) are arranged in the second layer of cooling air inlet channel (2) and used for generating upward vortex, the central position of each cooling fan corresponds to the central position of the battery module above the cooling fan, and the base (3) is integrated with the bottom shell of the battery pack; a circular vent arranged on a middle clapboard of the double-layer cooling air inlet channel enables the upper and lower layers of channels to be partially communicated; a battery fixing plate (5) is arranged above the cooling air inlet channel and integrated with a partition plate or a shell outside the battery module, and a plurality of battery clamping positions and ventilation holes are formed in the plate; cooling air outlet channel (9) run through whole battery package top, correspond the battery module position in the passageway and set up a plurality of sensor module (7).
2. The parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with current sharing function of claim 1, wherein: the double-layer cooling air inlet channels are all rectangular channels; the cooling air flowing from the first layer cooling air inlet channel directly contacts the cylindrical battery; cooling air flowing in from the second layer of cooling air inlet channel drives blades of the cooling fan to generate upward vortex; when the diameter of the battery in the battery module is d, the number of the batteries in each row of the battery module is n, and the distance between the batteries is h, the width of the cooling air inlet channel in each layer is (d × n + h × (n-1) +18) mm, and the height thereof is 15 mm-25 mm.
3. The parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with current sharing function of claim 1, wherein: a rectangular vent with the same shape as the inlet channel is arranged above the partition plate, and four circular vent holes with the radius of 6mm are arranged below the channel opening; the inner side and the outer side of the clapboard are coated with flame retardant coatings.
4. The parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with current sharing function of claim 1, wherein: the light fan blade made of PBT plastic is fixed on the base, and lubricating oil is coated at the fixed connection part of the fan blade and the base; the diameter of the cooling fan is consistent with the width of the battery module.
5. The parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with current sharing function of claim 1, wherein: the second layer of cooling air inlet channel is formed by a separator between the channels and a shell at the bottom of the battery pack; the partition plate is 4mm thick, a circular ventilation opening with the diameter consistent with the width of the inlet channel is reserved in the middle, the centers of the circular ventilation openings correspond to the centers of the cooling fans respectively, and the radius of the circular ventilation opening is the same as that of the cooling fans.
6. The parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with current sharing function of claim 1, wherein: battery fixed plate and battery module are baffle and first layer cooling air inlet channel around as an organic whole, and thickness is 4mm, is equipped with the ventilation hole that the radius is 4 ~ 6mm between the battery screens.
7. The parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with current sharing function of claim 1, wherein: the cooling air outlet is arranged at the upper right part of the battery pack, the cooling air outlet channel is a rectangular channel, and the size and the specification of the cooling air outlet channel are consistent with those of the cooling air inlet channel.
8. The parallel air-cooled battery pack structure with current sharing function of claim 1, wherein: the inside both sides of cooling air outlet passage are equipped with sensor module respectively, are equipped with temperature, voltage and smog concentration sensor in the module respectively, monitor temperature, voltage and smog concentration in the battery module.
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| JP2011258426A (en) * | 2010-06-09 | 2011-12-22 | Hitachi Vehicle Energy Ltd | Secondary battery pack |
| US8535104B1 (en) * | 2011-04-27 | 2013-09-17 | Brunswick Corporation | Marine vessels and cooling systems for marine batteries on marine vessels |
| CN202678432U (en) * | 2012-05-25 | 2013-01-16 | 许继集团有限公司 | Multi-air duct battery box and battery box assembly |
| CN203085709U (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2013-07-24 | 江苏春兰清洁能源研究院有限公司 | Power battery box with balanced radiating structure |
| CN204315642U (en) * | 2014-11-18 | 2015-05-06 | 浙江工业大学之江学院 | Lithium ion battery of electric automobile case |
| CN105742542B (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2018-07-31 | 上海工程技术大学 | A kind of forced convertion power battery heat-radiating device |
| CN106099251A (en) * | 2016-08-19 | 2016-11-09 | 北京紫光瑞控科技有限公司 | From temperature control automobile batteries case |
| CN107275715B (en) * | 2017-07-03 | 2019-04-05 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of air-cooled type Li-ion batteries piles flame retarding construction |
| CN108054465B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2023-11-07 | 泉州劲鑫电子有限公司 | High-efficient group battery cooling system |
| CN108565524A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-09-21 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of underlying air duct and subregion heat dissipation battery cooling device |
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