CN1093438A - Capacity-adjusting energy-storage type reciprocating internal combustion engine - Google Patents
Capacity-adjusting energy-storage type reciprocating internal combustion engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN1093438A CN1093438A CN 93111346 CN93111346A CN1093438A CN 1093438 A CN1093438 A CN 1093438A CN 93111346 CN93111346 CN 93111346 CN 93111346 A CN93111346 A CN 93111346A CN 1093438 A CN1093438 A CN 1093438A
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Abstract
The present invention is having now under the constant substantially situation of reciprocating internal combustion engine structure, change the cam and the combustion chamber volume of control intake valve, after a part of gas that sucks in the cylinder being returned flow back to suction tude, few combustion mixture, be the increasing energy conversion arm of force comparatively speaking, increase and put pressure ratio.In former piston, increased a capacity-adjusting energy-storage piston simultaneously, but this just makes the internal-combustion engine increasing compression ratio use, reach supercharging, shift adjusting, the energy-conserving action of pressing.
Use the present invention can save fuel about 26 percent, and can reduce exhaust noise.
Description
The invention belongs to the internal-combustion engine engineering field, be specifically related to transformation the reciprocating internal combustion engine structure.
Reciprocating internal combustion engine is the motor of continuing to use more than 200 year, and in production and using process over a long time, people have carried out continuous improvement to it, makes its hermetic seal and organizes combustion system to reach degree preferably.But the mechanical energy conversion relation of its bent axle arm of force effect is very poor, and the arm of force effect that changes with corner is very low, and more unfavorable is that the highpressure corner regions can not be consistent with long arm of force effect corner.People are to the improvement that has nothing structural of this mechanical relationship for many years, and they think: no matter be to increase to crank arm or the increase piston diameter, its cylinder chamber volume must be with the variation that is directly proportional of ratio relation, and this ratio relation is unmodifiable.In internal-combustion engine, the energy conversion rate of machinery is unmodifiable in other words, and the mechanical energy conversion ratio of any reciprocating internal combustion engine is all identical.
Our capacity-adjusting energy-storage type reciprocating internal combustion engine, breaking away from the proportional relation of the arm of force (arm of force effect of cranking arm) exactly with volume-variation, internal-combustion engine can be increased not increasing volumetric gas under the situation of the arm of force works: increased compression ratio simultaneously and can not form malcombustion, thereby can save about 26 percent fuel.
The measure of taking is: the protruding corner of control inlet valve cam is strengthened, in the 50-90 ° of angle range after the corner that the prolongation intake valve is opened finishes to suction stroke, make the gas that sucks in the cylinder after the compression beginning, returning a certain amount of gas of discharge is transferred to just in air-breathing chamber, carry out the burning expansion work done after left mixed gas is compressed, this has just formed the engineering that increases arm of force work done comparatively speaking.But when being noted that the minimum volume after its compression of design, must be to return the remaining cylinder chamber volume after the exhaust, as the calculating radix of maximum volume, so that guarantee can be because of not returning the reduction that exhaust causes actual compression ratio.This improvement result has broken through the direct ratio variation relation of cranking arm with gulp capacity, has improved mechanical energy conversion rate, and this improved energy-saving effect is very clear and definite, and we can calculate with a kind of simple computational methods.Such as a former internal-combustion engine that is designed to 150 horsepowers is arranged, and to return 30% gas after we improve and drain, just only consumed 70% fuel.Because we have dwindled the minimum volume after the compression, so compression ratio does not change, oil gas mixing ratio does not change yet, certainly explosion pressure can not become yet, just owing to dwindled the minimum volume after the compression, put pressure ratio comparatively speaking and increased 30%, this gas pressure that just forms each corner naturally descends and accelerates.The size of accelerating is decided by the variation of putting pressure ratio.Based on the increase of putting pressure ratio is to increase on the former radix of putting pressure ratio, so in the former very low initial corner regions of pressure ratio of putting, it also must be very little that pressure ratio is put in increment.During such as 10 degree corners after expansion stroke begins, the former radix of putting pressure ratio has only 0.07, its increment is put pressure ratio and is had only 0.021, total pressure ratio of putting is 0.091, during to 30 degree corners, generally be the highest corner of inner cylinder pressure, its former pressure ratio of putting has only 0.54, its increment is put pressure ratio and is had only 0.162, and it is always put pressure ratio and also has only 0.702; During to 80 degree corners, increment is put pressure ratio and is just reached 1, and the former pressure ratio of putting is 4.321, becomes 5.321 now, and when 180 degree corners, the increment of putting pressure ratio is 2.1, and its maximum average step-down ratio also has only 21%.
In a word, we have fired 30% mixed gas less in capacity transfer, have equaled to increase by 30% the arm of force, should be to improve 30% energy conversion rate.Yet the increase of putting pressure ratio causes corner pressure to descend to be accelerated, and is the factor that reduces energy conversion rate.Because we have dwindled combustion chamber volume, firing pressure does not become to make it compress when, so reached the less desirable stage of corner pressure decline.Because the air pressure peak and the effective force arm lengths of internal-combustion engine all are in corner proparea maximum, institute is so that put pressure ratio and increase, and the pressure factor that influence power decline is reduced to 14.5%.Like this with regard to 15.5(30%-14.5=15.5% capable of saving fuel).
Another conservation measures that the present invention takes is: add a capacity-adjusting energy-storage piston on original piston, it can be withdrawn when being subjected to highpressure transfer vat chamber volume in the former piston, and pressure is stored up in the seat spring under it.When gas pressure hanged down, its extended again former piston was turned cylinder chamber volume down, and energy storage output is come, and heightened gas pressure.This capacity-adjusting energy-storage piston can play the effect of alleviating high temperature, high pressure, shift pressure corner.
Its energy-conservation working principle is: after adopting the capacity-adjusting energy-storage piston, can make internal-combustion engine increase its design compression ratio and use, because the capacity-adjusting energy-storage piston can be automatically the compression ratio volume and the pressure that have increased are called in the piston.Increasing compression ratio is effective measures of combustion engine energy-saving.Use outer pressurized measure so in diesel engine, have, but that it is not so good as interior boosting energy-saving is effective.Supercharging capacity transfer structure in petrol engine, using, can reduce compression intensification and blast maximum pressure, and energy storage in spring, when the gas pressure in cylinder begins to reduce, the capacity transfer piston can stretch out again automatically, reduces the speed that pressure descends, just the energy of storage in spring discharged, but this just reaches the effect that increasing compression ratio improves energy conversion rate.Because the energy storage effect of spring forwards the storage of short arm of force corner regions pressure to long arm of force corner regions, inevitable also is the effective way that improves the mechanical energy conversion ratio, this improvement capable of saving fuel again about 11% simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing (one) is the running schematic representation that returns after exhaust has only just been tied.Among the figure, 1, return that exhaust angle of eccentricity 2, main shaft crank arm 3, the alignment of shafts 4, connecting rod 5, cylinder body 6, cylinder sleeve 7, piston 8, the camshaft 9 of control valve, cylinder cap 10, spark plug 11, intake valve 12, firing chamber 13, capacity-adjusting energy-storage piston 14, back-up ring 15, airtight seal ring 16, energy storage are sat spring 17, main shaft is executed veer
Accompanying drawing (two) is the structure running schematic representation that is compressed to atdc.Significantly express the compression pressure certain position that made the capacity-adjusting energy-storage piston-retraction among the figure.
Accompanying drawing (three) is the structural representation of former two stroke machines.Among the figure, 1, bent axle 2, connecting rod 3, piston 4, exhaust valve 5, cylinder body 6, cylinder cap 7, spark plug 8, firing chamber 9, intake valve 10, sense of rotation
Accompanying drawing (four) is the structural representation after two stroke machines improve, among the figure, 1, bent axle 2, connecting rod 3, piston 4, flap 5, non-return pearl 6, cylinder body 7, cylinder cap 8, spark plug 9, firing chamber 10, flap 11, non-return pearl 12, capacity transfer piston 13, back-up ring 14, airtight seal 15, capacity-adjusting energy-storage spring 16, turn to
In conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further illustrated:
Shown in accompanying drawing (), it is that the camshaft 8 of control intake valve has forwarded the position of closing behind the intake valve 11 to, and at this moment main shaft is cranked arm 2 to have finished the angle of eccentricity 1(that returns exhaust approximately be 80 degree corners).At this moment cylinder chamber volume has been to have deducted the volume that returns after the delivery space, because actual compression is from this corner volume, so after determining to use compression ratio, must be to return the volume that stayed after the exhaust as maximum volume, design should have minimum volume, just combustion chamber volume.12, we can bring up to 1: 11 to compression ratio in petrol engine, and the volume ratio of combustion cahmber past is just little like this.But shown in accompanying drawing (two), the burning actual volume after the compression, not little when not increasing than compression ratio, this is because capacity-adjusting energy-storage piston 13 has increased combustion chamber volume after being withdrawn into piston 7 inside, is equivalent to the situation that former compression ratio does not increase.This just neither can form because of compression ratio improves the too high malcombustion of formation temperature, can continue pressure is stored in the capacity-adjusting energy-storage piston in the burning supercharging again, reduces blast maximum pressure and maximum temperature.Along with finishing of inflation process and burning, when gas pressure began to descend, capacity-adjusting energy-storage piston 13 can stretch out again automatically gradually, and its energy storage is turned back to cylinder volume, caused the corner step-down to slow down.This capacity transfer process generally begins energy storage from being compressed to budc 30 degree corners, begins exoergic to being expanded to 35 degree left and right rotation angles, till 100 degree corners.Choose its bullet distance and the size of elastic force when this just requires to design the seat spring, it should be noted that especially bullet is apart from the force variation in stressed back changes.Here select any material for use, the diameter of material, the diameter of spring, the length of spring, the number of turns all are the important parameters that can influence reach usage requirement.Different compression ratios, the internal-combustion engine of different piston diameters, each parameter of its spring also has difference, the design spring the main points that should reach be: the first, to petrol engine, you can select for use compression ratio greater than any compression ratio of 1: 9, but in the time of must guaranteeing to be compressed to top dead center, actual compression ratio be no more than 1: 9, just the spring force below the capacity transfer piston, surpassing under 1: 9 o'clock the pressure of compression ratio, can regulate minimum cylinder volume automatically in 1: 9 scope of compression ratio; The second, no matter be petrol engine or diesel engine, its spring must have suitable energy storage capacity; The 3rd, to diesel engine, no matter you select any compression ratio of compression more than 18 for use, and its spring must can not form the springing capacity transfer within compression ratio 18.Among the figure, check ring 14 is used for stopping the not extended former piston head of capacity-adjusting energy-storage piston plane, should make spring that certain pressure that gives is arranged when design spring and assembling, but can not be too high, and is generally just passable about 10 kilograms.
Two stroke internal combustion engine, people are its gas-guzzler, and it doubles many than the consumption rate of the fuel of four-journey machine, so generally do not use two stroke machines, have only the low-power that resembles under 5 horsepowers just to use the single cylinder engine of two stroke structures.Can why two stroke machines exceed so much than the oil consumption rate of four-journey machine? mainly be because a large amount of fuel does not have burning just to emit in two stroke machines.Next is that its useful power conversion corner lacks than the four-journey machine.Please see the original structure schematic representation (three) of two stroke machines.When opening relief opening, just can not change out effective merit substantially after having only the corner of degree more than 80, and the four-journey machine can reach 170 degree corners to descent of piston.The ventilation situation of two stroke machines again, exhaust valve is opened, because the gas pressure in the cylinder chamber is higher than barometric pressure, so will inevitably form the exhaust under the pressure reduction relation, the formed inertia of gas flow when relying on exhaust, can make the air pressure in the cylinder chamber be lower than barometric pressure at last, also only be open in this case just can form behind the intake valve air-breathing.Problem is that the blast air in two strokes is formed by draught head, and it is different from the four-journey machine, and blast air speed height is so the inertia buoyancy that it forms is also just big.Two stroke machines are owing to be to concern exhaust by draught head, and owing to the decline of draught head, airspeed is also just very low when the discharging knot ends, so the buoyancy that forms can be not big, opening the inlet stream speed that forms behind the intake valve also can be high.So we say that pull of vacuum that the ventilation in the two stroke machines mainly still relies on piston to continue descending formation is finished.Problem is that general great majority were the tops at piston after the pull of vacuum that forms in descent of piston sucked incoming mixture, the bottom in cylinder chamber just, and a spot of incoming mixture can arrive the top in cylinder chamber.After that is to say that air-breathing knot ends, the incoming mixture ratio that the top is occupied is less than lower curtate, and the waste gas ratio that the top is occupied is greater than the bottom.During piston stroking upward, just must go out a large amount of incoming mixtures together with a spot of toxic emission a main cause of two stroke machine oil consumption extra-high-speeds that Here it is in this case.Secondly, to contain the waste gas ratio in the mixed gas many owing to be compressed, and cause the bad and incomplete combustion of ignitability, and these also are high major reasons of oil consumption rate.Certainly effectively merit conversion corner is little also has been major reason that specific fuel consumption is higher.To stingy cylinder machine, because its combustion chamber volume is little, and also programmable solid figure is good, so finish the used time weak point of burning, is again the factor that can save energy, and its effective arm of force ratio length also is a factor that helps the energization conversion ratio.The opinion by these composite factors, the bad waste of fuel that causes of ventilation property is the high serious problems of two stroke machine oil consumption rates.
Accompanying drawing (four) is the schematic representation after we improve, and has increased non-return air flap 16 and non-return pearl 15 among the figure on exhaust valve.The non-return pearl only can in time be tied under the effect of gravity and reflux gas, and gas flows back into the cylinder chamber.When piston drops to when opening exhaust valve position, high pressure draught is washed the non-return pearl open and is formed exhaust airstream, forms the pull of vacuum final vacuum and stop in cylinder, and at this moment the non-return pearl is closed exhaust valve.Because the intake valve after we improve has increased time pan position, so at this moment descent of piston also can not form air-breathingly, but has increased pull of vacuum, to descent of piston when throwing the valve position into, because pull of vacuum has increased much than old structure, so can form charge air flow at a high speed.Simultaneously because we have opened the individual gas breach that bumps on piston top, so the high speed inlet stream turns to the top that rushes at the cylinder chamber after being rebuffed, this will force the downward exhaust valve direction of waste gas at top to move, after suction stroke is finished, incoming mixture is in the inclined to one side suction port one side on top, cylinder chamber, and waste gas is in the inclined to one side relief opening one side of bottom, cylinder chamber.After the beginning compression stroke, (it is also passable not establish non-return structure in fact here IC Intake Valve Closes for the non-return pearl of intake valve, because at this moment seldom may return mixed gas and enter intake duct, enter exactly is not loss at all, because the mixed gas that deposits in the intake duct also can suck cylinder at next circulation time).Compression stroke begins a waste gas secondary that is in bottom, cylinder chamber is discharged a cylinder chamber, and under left like this has been exactly incoming mixture.Because being in the incoming mixture of cylinder top of chamber can not flow downward when piston upwards compresses and drain.This is issued to the requirement of clearing away waste gas with regard to being formed on the situation of not losing incoming mixture.Its working principle is to increase cylinder chamber buoyancy, thereby strengthens the inlet stream impact force, and utilizing is rebuffed makes the air flow divert top, reaches and sweeps the transposition result of waste gas to the below, with compression stroke waste gas is all discharged the cylinder chamber again.After two stroke machines improve like this, add the energy-saving effect of capacity transfer structure 12,13,14,15, it is a lot of that specific fuel consumption is descended.
Claims (4)
1, Reciprocating engine is made up of critical pieces such as cylinder body, bent axle, piston, connecting rod, inlet and exhaust valve mechanisms, its improved being characterised in that: the valve opening that the protruding corner of former control inlet valve cam is increased by 60 to 90 degree corners, intake valve after finishing, suction stroke is still being opened, cause in 60 to the 90 degree corners after compression stroke begins, exhaust 20 to 30 percent in suction tude, reducing combustion mixture, is exactly the work that increases the arm of force comparatively speaking.
2, above-mentioned feature will cooperate the minimizing combustion chamber volume, makes its compression ratio constant, just can reach energy-saving effect.
3, increased a capacity-adjusting energy-storage piston in former piston, this can make the internal-combustion engine increasing compression ratio use, and plays the effect that energy is shifted in energy storage.
4, in two stroke machines, set up the intake and exhaust check valve structure again, and increased scavenging stroke, set up the choke arm of piston, made it clear away exhaust gas inside cylinder and the incoming mixture that can not flow away.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93111346 CN1093438A (en) | 1993-07-14 | 1993-07-14 | Capacity-adjusting energy-storage type reciprocating internal combustion engine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 93111346 CN1093438A (en) | 1993-07-14 | 1993-07-14 | Capacity-adjusting energy-storage type reciprocating internal combustion engine |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1093438A true CN1093438A (en) | 1994-10-12 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CN 93111346 Pending CN1093438A (en) | 1993-07-14 | 1993-07-14 | Capacity-adjusting energy-storage type reciprocating internal combustion engine |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101680363B (en) * | 2007-06-13 | 2012-07-18 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Variable compression ratio internal combustion engine |
| CN103486251A (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2014-01-01 | 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 | Piston connecting rod set and internal combustion engine |
| CN111396199A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-10 | 张佰力 | Piston type engine pressure stabilizing and energy storing method and piston used by same |
-
1993
- 1993-07-14 CN CN 93111346 patent/CN1093438A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101680363B (en) * | 2007-06-13 | 2012-07-18 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | Variable compression ratio internal combustion engine |
| CN103486251A (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2014-01-01 | 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 | Piston connecting rod set and internal combustion engine |
| CN103486251B (en) * | 2012-06-13 | 2016-03-30 | 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 | Piston connecting rod unit and internal-combustion engine |
| CN111396199A (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2020-07-10 | 张佰力 | Piston type engine pressure stabilizing and energy storing method and piston used by same |
| CN111396199B (en) * | 2020-04-23 | 2022-07-05 | 张佰力 | Piston type engine pressure stabilizing and energy storing method and piston used by same |
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