CN109342537B - Method for detecting bifenthrin residue in vegetable by using 430 stainless steel wire bundle electrode - Google Patents
Method for detecting bifenthrin residue in vegetable by using 430 stainless steel wire bundle electrode Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for detecting pesticide residues on vegetables by using 430 stainless steel wire bundle electrodes, which comprises the following steps: manufacturing 430 stainless steel wire bundle electrodes; preparation of vegetable juice test system: using the vegetables on the market as the test vegetables, and clarifying the vegetable juice liquid; then adding absolute ethyl alcohol; then adding quantitative bifenthrin into the prepared vegetable juice to prepare vegetable juice containing pesticide with different concentrations to be used as an electrochemical measurement system to be tested; electrochemical testing: potential current changes of the pesticide vegetable juice with different concentrations are obtained through point-by-point scanning of the potential current, and potential current comparison and summarization among the vegetable juice with different concentrations are carried out to obtain the approximate concentration range of the pesticide. The invention uses the 430 stainless steel wire bundle electrode as an electrochemical test medium, can simply and conveniently obtain the pesticide residue result, thereby preventing the vegetables and fruits with high residual toxicity from entering the dining table of residents, and is a rapid, simple, convenient, safe and reliable detection technology which is easy to master by the basic unit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of electrochemistry, and relates to a method for detecting pesticide residues in vegetables by using a 430 stainless steel wire bundle electrode.
Background
China is one of the earliest countries in the world that use pesticides to prevent and control crop pests, and is also a big country for producing and using pesticides. The obvious function of the pesticide in ensuring and promoting the development of agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry and meeting the requirements of people on agricultural and sideline products is well known. However, most pesticides, especially chemical pesticides and metabolites and impurities thereof have the problems of toxic hazard to people, livestock and beneficial organisms, influence on the environment and the like, and if the pesticides are improperly used, not only waste is caused, but also phytotoxicity can occur, agricultural products and the environment are polluted, poisoning accidents can also occur, and the health and safety of people and livestock are endangered.
The traditional pesticide residue detection technology (gas spectrum, liquid spectrum, thin layer method and the like) needs expensive equipment and longer sample treatment and measurement time, not only has high cost, but also is not suitable for being mastered and implemented by basic unit workers, and the analysis results are often obtained, so that the fruits and vegetables are not eaten, and the commodity value is lost. In order to prevent the vegetables and fruits with high residual toxicity from entering the dining tables of the residents, a rapid, simple, safe and reliable detection technology which is easy to master by the basic unit is urgently needed. The invention adopts a novel measuring method which comprises the following steps: the electrochemical test of the tow electrode can be used for comparing the result of pesticide residue, so that the pesticide residue result can be simply and conveniently obtained.
The tow electrode, also called array electrode, is a composite electrode composed of a series of regularly arranged metal wire sections. Strictly speaking, a tow electrode is just one tool. Compared with the traditional single electrode, the tow electrode provides the change of the electrochemical parameters of the adjacent points on the surface of the electrode, and the change comprises an average signal provided by the single electrode and also can provide a series of important information such as surface distribution, difference size and the like which cannot be provided by the single electrode. The wire bundle electrode is formed by encapsulating a plurality of metal wires in epoxy resin, and each metal wire is insulated by the epoxy resin to form a small sensor. The novel idea is to use a plurality of metal wires to combine to simulate an integral large-area metal, and simultaneously, each wire can be separated from each other, and because the surface area of a single wire is far smaller than the total working area of the whole wire bundle electrode, and the geometric dimension of the single wire is also very small (generally, the diameter of the single wire is not larger than a few millimeters), the electrochemical process occurring on the surface of the single wire can be considered to be uniform. This allows the electrochemical process of a single filament to be studied using conventional electrochemical measurement techniques and theories for studying homogeneous processes. When the nonuniformity of metal corrosion is researched, the wire bundle electrode is placed in a corrosion environment, a single metal wire is disconnected from other metal wires, the self-corrosion potential, the electrochemical impedance spectrum and the like of the metal can be measured at any time under the condition of not being interfered by the corrosion of other metal wires, and the corrosion information of different positions on the surface of the large-area metal is obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention utilizes the 430 stainless steel wire bundle electrode as an electrochemical test medium, and obtains the electrochemical test results of the vegetable juice and the pesticides with different ppm concentrations by taking the vegetable juice and the pesticides (bifenthrin) with different concentrations as a test system, so that the method for detecting the pesticide residue by utilizing the electrochemical test can obviously show that the pesticides with different ppm concentrations and the vegetable juice are mixed to show different electrochemical test results.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for detecting bifenthrin residues in vegetables by using 430 stainless steel wire bundle electrodes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a tow electrode: polishing 430 stainless steel wires with the diameter of 1mm step by using metallographic abrasive paper, cleaning, arranging the stainless steel wires into a net shape, fixing the net shape in a die, wherein the distance between the steel wires is 1mm, and fixing and sealing the steel wires by using epoxy resin; the working end face of the tow electrode is polished step by using metallographic abrasive paper and is cleaned by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone; welding a lead on a steel wire of which the upper end is not sealed in resin, cleaning a welding point by acetone, and coating the exposed steel wire surface of the upper end of the electrode with epoxy resin;
(2) preparation of vegetable juice test system: the vegetable on the market is taken as a test vegetable, and NaHCO is firstly used3Washing the vegetable juice for 5 minutes, then washing the vegetable juice with clear water, soaking the vegetable juice in 50% alcohol for washing, washing the vegetable juice for 5 minutes with clear water to obtain clean vegetable, smashing the vegetable in a mortar, removing vegetable residues to obtain clean vegetable juice, and standing the vegetable juice for 5 hours to obtain clarified vegetable juice; adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the clarified vegetable juice liquid according to a proportion to prepare vegetable juice for later use; then adding quantitative bifenthrin into the prepared vegetable juice to prepare vegetable juice containing pesticide with different concentrations to be used as an electrochemical measurement system to be tested;
(3) electrochemical testing: taking the prepared vegetable juice containing pesticides with different ppm concentrations as a test solution, simulating the situation that pesticides remain on crops, connecting one end of a tow electrode joint with an electrochemical workstation, polishing a working end by using No. 1000 abrasive paper, immediately putting the work end into the prepared electrochemical test solution, immersing a tow electrode into the test solution, and keeping the working surface at the same level; the electrochemical parameters of each tow are required to be stable for the same time, a reference electrode is a saturated calomel electrode, and a platinum sheet is an auxiliary electrode; when potential/current scanning of an electrochemical test is started, the solution is placed in a water bath pot in the test process, and the temperature is set to be a constant value of 30 ℃;
through the pointwise scanning of electric potential current, obtain the electric potential current change of different concentration pesticide vegetable juice to carry out the electric potential current contrast between the different concentration vegetable juice, summarize and be: different pesticide concentrations correspond to different electrochemical potentials, currents and noise resistances, and after a large number of tests, the approximate concentration range of the pesticide can be obtained by comparing the potentials, the currents and the noise resistances of the untreated vegetables.
Preferably, in the process (1), the 430 stainless steel wires are 100, have a length of 10cm, and are arranged in a 10 × 10 array, and the distance between the wires is 1 mm.
Preferably, in the process (2), the ratio of the vegetable juice to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 7: 3.
Preferably, in the step (2), the vegetable juice containing pesticide with different concentrations is 1ppm to 500 ppm.
The traditional pesticide residue detection technology (gas spectrum, liquid spectrum, thin layer method and the like) needs expensive equipment and longer sample treatment and measurement time, not only has high cost, but also is not suitable for being mastered and implemented by basic unit workers, and the analysis results are often obtained, so that the fruits and vegetables are not eaten, and the commodity value is lost. The invention uses the 430 stainless steel wire bundle electrode as an electrochemical test medium, can compare the result of pesticide residue, and can simply and conveniently obtain the result of pesticide residue, thereby preventing the vegetables and fruits with high residual toxicity from entering the dining table of residents, and the invention is a rapid, simple, safe and reliable detection technology which is easy to master by basic units.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph of mean potential time;
fig. 2 is a graph of average current time.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific embodiments:
example 1:
(1) manufacturing a tow electrode:
the method comprises the steps of grinding and cleaning 100 stainless steel wires 430 with the diameter of 1mm multiplied by 10cm by metallographic abrasive paper step by step, arranging the stainless steel wires into a 10 multiplied by 10 array, fixing the array in a die with the diameter of 40mm, wherein the distance between the steel wires is 1mm, and fixing and sealing the array by epoxy resin. And the working end face of the tow electrode is polished step by using metallographic abrasive paper and is cleaned by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone. Welding a lead with a certain length on a steel wire which is not sealed in resin at the upper end of the electrode, cleaning a welding point by acetone after welding, and coating epoxy resin on the surface of the exposed steel wire at the upper end of the electrode to prevent the corrosion and keep good insulativity among wire bundles. Ready for subsequent immersion of the electrode in a test system.
(2) Preparation of vegetable juice test system:
the vegetable on the market is taken as a test vegetable, and NaHCO is firstly used3Washing the vegetable juice for 5 minutes, then washing the vegetable juice with clear water, soaking the vegetable juice in 50% alcohol for washing, washing the vegetable juice for 5 minutes with clear water to obtain clean vegetable, smashing the vegetable in a mortar, removing vegetable residues to obtain clean vegetable juice, and standing the vegetable juice for 5 hours to obtain clarified vegetable juice; taking a certain amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, and preparing a certain amount of vegetable juice for later use by setting the ratio of the vegetable juice to the absolute ethyl alcohol to be 7: 3; the bifenthrin is not added in the vegetable juice, and the vegetable juice containing pesticide with the concentration of 0ppm is prepared to be used as a control group and used as an electrochemical measurement system to be tested.
(3) Electrochemical testing:
the prepared vegetable juice without pesticide is used as a test solution, the condition that the pesticide is remained on crops is simulated, one end of a tow electrode joint is connected with an electrochemical workstation, the working end is polished by 1000# abrasive paper and then immediately placed into the prepared electrochemical test solution, the tow electrode is immersed into the test solution, and the working surface is at the same level. The electrochemical parameters of each tow must be stable for the same time, the reference electrode is a saturated calomel electrode, and the platinum sheet is an auxiliary electrode. At the start of the potential/current sweep for the electrochemical test, the solution was placed in a water bath during the test, and the temperature was set to a constant value of 30 ℃.
Example 2:
(1) manufacturing a tow electrode:
the method comprises the steps of grinding and cleaning 100 stainless steel wires 430 with the diameter of 1mm multiplied by 10cm by metallographic abrasive paper step by step, arranging the stainless steel wires into a 10 multiplied by 10 array, fixing the array in a die with the diameter of 40mm, wherein the distance between the steel wires is 1mm, and fixing and sealing the array by epoxy resin. And the working end face of the tow electrode is polished step by using metallographic abrasive paper and is cleaned by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone. Welding a lead with a certain length on a steel wire which is not sealed in resin at the upper end of the electrode, cleaning a welding point by acetone after welding, and coating epoxy resin on the surface of the exposed steel wire at the upper end of the electrode to prevent the corrosion and keep good insulativity among wire bundles. Ready for subsequent immersion of the electrode in a test system.
(2) Preparation of vegetable juice test system:
the vegetable on the market is taken as a test vegetable, and NaHCO is firstly used3Washing the vegetable juice for 5 minutes, then washing the vegetable juice with clear water, soaking the vegetable juice in 50% alcohol for washing, washing the vegetable juice for 5 minutes with clear water to obtain clean vegetable, smashing the vegetable in a mortar, removing vegetable residues to obtain clean vegetable juice, and standing the vegetable juice for 5 hours to obtain clarified vegetable juice; taking a certain amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, and preparing a certain amount of vegetable juice for later use by setting the ratio of the vegetable juice to the absolute ethyl alcohol to be 7: 3; and adding a certain amount of bifenthrin into the prepared vegetable juice to prepare the vegetable juice containing pesticide with the concentration of 10ppm as an electrochemical measurement system to be tested.
(3) Electrochemical testing:
the prepared vegetable juice with the pesticide concentration of 10ppm is used as a test solution, the condition that the pesticide is remained on crops is simulated, one end of a tow electrode joint is connected with an electrochemical workstation, a working end is immediately placed into the prepared electrochemical test solution after being polished by 1000# abrasive paper, a tow electrode is immersed into the test solution, and the working surface is at the same level. The electrochemical parameters of each tow must be stable for the same time, the reference electrode is a saturated calomel electrode, and the platinum sheet is an auxiliary electrode. At the start of the potential/current sweep for the electrochemical test, the solution was placed in a water bath during the test, and the temperature was set to a constant value of 30 ℃.
Example 3:
(1) manufacturing a tow electrode:
the method comprises the steps of grinding and cleaning 100 stainless steel wires 430 with the diameter of 1mm multiplied by 10cm by metallographic abrasive paper step by step, arranging the stainless steel wires into a 10 multiplied by 10 array, fixing the array in a die with the diameter of 40mm, wherein the distance between the steel wires is 1mm, and fixing and sealing the array by epoxy resin. And the working end face of the tow electrode is polished step by using metallographic abrasive paper and is cleaned by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone. Welding a lead with a certain length on a steel wire which is not sealed in resin at the upper end of the electrode, cleaning a welding point by acetone after welding, and coating epoxy resin on the surface of the exposed steel wire at the upper end of the electrode to prevent the corrosion and keep good insulativity among wire bundles. Ready for subsequent immersion of the electrode in a test system.
(2) Preparation of vegetable juice test system:
the vegetable on the market is taken as a test vegetable, and NaHCO is firstly used3Washing the vegetable juice for 5 minutes, then washing the vegetable juice with clear water, soaking the vegetable juice in 50% alcohol for washing, washing the vegetable juice for 5 minutes with clear water to obtain clean vegetable, smashing the vegetable in a mortar, removing vegetable residues to obtain clean vegetable juice, and standing the vegetable juice for 5 hours to obtain clarified vegetable juice; taking a certain amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, and preparing a certain amount of vegetable juice for later use by setting the ratio of the vegetable juice to the absolute ethyl alcohol to be 7: 3; and adding a certain amount of bifenthrin into the prepared vegetable juice to prepare the vegetable juice containing the pesticide with the concentration of 50ppm as an electrochemical measurement system to be tested.
(3) Electrochemical testing:
the prepared vegetable juice with the pesticide concentration of 50ppm is used as a test solution, the condition that the pesticide is remained on crops is simulated, one end of a tow electrode joint is connected with an electrochemical workstation, a working end is immediately placed into the prepared electrochemical test solution after being polished by 1000# abrasive paper, a tow electrode is immersed into the test solution, and the working surface is at the same level. The electrochemical parameters of each tow must be stable for the same time, the reference electrode is a saturated calomel electrode, and the platinum sheet is an auxiliary electrode. At the start of the potential/current sweep for the electrochemical test, the solution was placed in a water bath during the test, and the temperature was set to a constant value of 30 ℃.
Example 4:
(1) manufacturing a tow electrode:
the method comprises the steps of grinding and cleaning 100 stainless steel wires 430 with the diameter of 1mm multiplied by 10cm by metallographic abrasive paper step by step, arranging the stainless steel wires into a 10 multiplied by 10 array, fixing the array in a die with the diameter of 40mm, wherein the distance between the steel wires is 1mm, and fixing and sealing the array by epoxy resin. And the working end face of the tow electrode is polished step by using metallographic abrasive paper and is cleaned by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone. Welding a lead with a certain length on a steel wire which is not sealed in resin at the upper end of the electrode, cleaning a welding point by acetone after welding, and coating epoxy resin on the surface of the exposed steel wire at the upper end of the electrode to prevent the corrosion and keep good insulativity among wire bundles. Ready for subsequent immersion of the electrode in a test system.
(2) Preparation of vegetable juice test system:
the vegetable on the market is taken as a test vegetable, and NaHCO is firstly used3Washing the vegetable juice for 5 minutes, then washing the vegetable juice with clear water, soaking the vegetable juice in 50% alcohol for washing, washing the vegetable juice for 5 minutes with clear water to obtain clean vegetable, smashing the vegetable in a mortar, removing vegetable residues to obtain clean vegetable juice, and standing the vegetable juice for 5 hours to obtain clarified vegetable juice; taking a certain amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, and preparing a certain amount of vegetable juice for later use by setting the ratio of the vegetable juice to the absolute ethyl alcohol to be 7: 3; and adding a certain amount of bifenthrin into the prepared vegetable juice to prepare the vegetable juice containing the pesticide with the concentration of 100ppm as an electrochemical measurement system to be tested.
(3) Electrochemical testing:
the prepared vegetable juice with the pesticide concentration of 100ppm is used as a test solution, the condition that the pesticide is remained on crops is simulated, one end of a tow electrode joint is connected with an electrochemical workstation, a working end is immediately placed into the prepared electrochemical test solution after being polished by 1000# abrasive paper, a tow electrode is immersed into the test solution, and the working surface is at the same level. The electrochemical parameters of each tow must be stable for the same time, the reference electrode is a saturated calomel electrode, and the platinum sheet is an auxiliary electrode. At the start of the potential/current sweep for the electrochemical test, the solution was placed in a water bath during the test, and the temperature was set to a constant value of 30 ℃.
Example 5:
(1) manufacturing a tow electrode:
the method comprises the steps of grinding and cleaning 100 stainless steel wires 430 with the diameter of 1mm multiplied by 10cm by metallographic abrasive paper step by step, arranging the stainless steel wires into a 10 multiplied by 10 array, fixing the array in a die with the diameter of 40mm, wherein the distance between the steel wires is 1mm, and fixing and sealing the array by epoxy resin. And the working end face of the tow electrode is polished step by using metallographic abrasive paper and is cleaned by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone. Welding a lead with a certain length on a steel wire which is not sealed in resin at the upper end of the electrode, cleaning a welding point by acetone after welding, and coating epoxy resin on the surface of the exposed steel wire at the upper end of the electrode to prevent the corrosion and keep good insulativity among wire bundles. Ready for subsequent immersion of the electrode in a test system.
(2) Preparation of vegetable juice test system:
the vegetable on the market is taken as a test vegetable, and NaHCO is firstly used3Washing the vegetable juice for 5 minutes, then washing the vegetable juice with clear water, soaking the vegetable juice in 50% alcohol for washing, washing the vegetable juice for 5 minutes with clear water to obtain clean vegetable, smashing the vegetable in a mortar, removing vegetable residues to obtain clean vegetable juice, and standing the vegetable juice for 5 hours to obtain clarified vegetable juice; taking a certain amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, and preparing a certain amount of vegetable juice for later use by setting the ratio of the vegetable juice to the absolute ethyl alcohol to be 7: 3; and adding a certain amount of bifenthrin into the prepared vegetable juice to prepare the vegetable juice containing the pesticide with the concentration of 200ppm as an electrochemical measurement system to be tested.
(3) Electrochemical testing:
the prepared vegetable juice with the pesticide concentration of 200ppm is used as a test solution, the condition that the pesticide is remained on crops is simulated, one end of a tow electrode joint is connected with an electrochemical workstation, a working end is immediately placed into the prepared electrochemical test solution after being polished by 1000# abrasive paper, a tow electrode is immersed into the test solution, and the working surface is at the same level. The electrochemical parameters of each tow must be stable for the same time, the reference electrode is a saturated calomel electrode, and the platinum sheet is an auxiliary electrode. At the start of the potential/current sweep for the electrochemical test, the solution was placed in a water bath during the test, and the temperature was set to a constant value of 30 ℃.
To summarize: the potential current changes of the vegetable juices of the pesticide with different concentrations are obtained by scanning the potential current point by point, which is shown in figure 1 and figure 2, and the potential current comparison among the vegetable juices with different concentrations is carried out, which is shown in table 1,
TABLE 1 electrochemical results in the examples
From the finally obtained conclusion, it can be seen that the initial average potential becomes lower gradually as the concentration of the pesticide in the vegetable juice increases in ppm, the average current becomes higher after the concentration exceeds a certain range of 100ppm, and the noise resistance becomes lower gradually.
The above results can be summarized as follows: different pesticide concentrations correspond to different electrochemical potentials, currents and noise resistances, and after a large number of tests, the approximate concentration range of the corresponding residual pesticide can be obtained by comparing the potentials, the currents and the noise resistances of the untreated vegetables.
The concentration of pesticide residues in vegetables can be judged by taking the 430 stainless steel wire bundle electrode as a medium and different electrochemical signals, so that the method is safe, reliable, simple and convenient.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made according to the purpose of the invention, and any changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations or simplifications made according to the spirit and principle of the technical solution of the present invention shall be equivalent substitution patterns, so long as the purpose of the present invention is met, and the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention as long as the technical principle and inventive concept of the method for detecting pesticide residues in crops by using the tow electrode of the present invention are not departed from the technical principle and inventive concept of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for detecting bifenthrin residues in vegetables by using 430 stainless steel wire bundle electrodes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) manufacturing a tow electrode: polishing 430 stainless steel wires with the diameter of 1mm step by using metallographic abrasive paper, cleaning, arranging the stainless steel wires into a net shape, fixing the net shape in a die, wherein the distance between the steel wires is 1mm, and fixing and sealing the steel wires by using epoxy resin; the working end face of the tow electrode is polished step by using metallographic abrasive paper and is cleaned by using absolute ethyl alcohol and acetone; welding a lead on a steel wire of which the upper end is not sealed in resin, cleaning a welding point by acetone, and coating the exposed steel wire surface of the upper end of the electrode with epoxy resin;
(2) preparation of vegetable juice test system: the vegetable on the market is taken as a test vegetable, and NaHCO is firstly used3Washing the vegetable juice for 5 minutes, then washing the vegetable juice with clear water, soaking the vegetable juice in 50% alcohol for washing, washing the vegetable juice for 5 minutes with clear water to obtain clean vegetable, smashing the vegetable in a mortar, removing vegetable residues to obtain clean vegetable juice, and standing the vegetable juice for 5 hours to obtain clarified vegetable juice; adding absolute ethyl alcohol into the clarified vegetable juice liquid according to a proportion to prepare vegetable juice for later use; then adding quantitative bifenthrin into the prepared vegetable juice to prepare vegetable juice containing pesticide with different concentrations to be used as an electrochemical measurement system to be tested;
(3) electrochemical testing: taking the prepared vegetable juice containing pesticides with different ppm concentrations as a test solution, simulating the situation that pesticides remain on crops, connecting one end of a tow electrode joint with an electrochemical workstation, polishing a working end by using No. 1000 abrasive paper, immediately putting the work end into the prepared electrochemical test solution, immersing a tow electrode into the test solution, and keeping the working surface at the same level; the electrochemical parameters of each tow are required to be stable for the same time, a reference electrode is a saturated calomel electrode, and a platinum sheet is an auxiliary electrode; when potential/current scanning of an electrochemical test is started, the solution is placed in a water bath pot in the test process, and the temperature is set to be a constant value of 30 ℃;
through the pointwise scanning of electric potential current, obtain the electric potential current change of different concentration pesticide vegetable juice to carry out the electric potential current contrast between the different concentration vegetable juice, summarize and be: different pesticide concentrations correspond to different electrochemical potentials, currents and noise resistances, and after a large number of tests, the approximate concentration range of the pesticide can be obtained by comparing the potentials, the currents and the noise resistances of the untreated vegetables.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the process (1), the 430 stainless steel wires are 100, the length is 10cm, the stainless steel wires are arranged into a 10 multiplied by 10 array, and the distance between the stainless steel wires is 1 mm.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the process (2), the ratio of the vegetable juice to the absolute ethyl alcohol is 7: 3.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein: in the process (2), the vegetable juice containing pesticide with different concentrations is 1 ppm-500 ppm.
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