CN109338299B - High-wear-resistance coating for spacecraft and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

High-wear-resistance coating for spacecraft and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN109338299B
CN109338299B CN201811271735.2A CN201811271735A CN109338299B CN 109338299 B CN109338299 B CN 109338299B CN 201811271735 A CN201811271735 A CN 201811271735A CN 109338299 B CN109338299 B CN 109338299B
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CN109338299A (en
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袁兴栋
杨晓洁
刘勇
王泽力
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Shandong Jianzhu University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
    • C23C14/0623—Sulfides, selenides or tellurides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
    • C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
    • C23C14/34—Sputtering
    • C23C14/35—Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/56—Investigating resistance to wear or abrasion

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Abstract

The invention discloses a high-wear-resistance coating for a spacecraft, a preparation method thereof and a solid lubricant coating component MoS2Particles with the size of 40-100 meshes, low friction coefficient (0.122-0.204), small abrasion loss (1-15 mg), uniform and continuous structure and thickness of about 20 mu m, and the preparation method mainly comprises sample preparation, polishing treatment and MoS2Particle screening, coating deposition, surface wiping, vacuum tribology performance testing and abrasive dust collection. The preparation method is scientific and reasonable, and has great achievement transformation potential and wide practical value.

Description

High-wear-resistance coating for spacecraft and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to a lubricating coating and a preparation method thereof, in particular to a high-wear-resistance coating for a spacecraft and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Space lubricating materials are generally classified into solid lubricating materials and liquid lubricating materials. A commonly used lubricating material for the spaces is a solid lubricating material. Generally, the composite material is divided into four types, namely a substance with a laminated structure, a soft metal, a high polymer material and a self-lubricating composite material. The lubricating material with a laminated structure comprises a transition metal disulfide compound MoS2、WS2、NbSe2And graphite. Wherein MoS2And WS2Most commonly, they have a lower coefficient of friction in vacuum than in air, and their use temperatures in vacuum are higher than in air, which is an ideal space lubricant.
The soft metal used as the solid lubricant mainly comprises gold, silver, lead, zinc and the like, wherein the gold, the silver and the lead exist in a simple substance form, and the three have a face-centered cubic structure, so that the soft metal has the advantages of no low-temperature brittleness and good lubricating property in a low-temperature environment. The polymer material used for the space lubricant is mainly polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, phenolic resin, epoxy resin and the like, and compared with other solid lubricants, the polymer material has the advantages that the frictional wear performance is not influenced by atmosphere, and the tribological characteristics of PTFE in vacuum are enough to explain the characteristic.
Self-lubricating composite materials are classified into two types, namely polymer-based composite materials and metal-based composite materials. PTFE is most commonly used for polymer-based composites. The metal-based composite material is developed on the basis of powder metallurgy, and proper lubricant powder is added into metal powder, and the metal powder is pressed and sintered into a blank, wherein the Ag-MoS is commonly used2-a graphitic ternary system material.
The working environment of the space lubricant is very complex, and the factors which have direct relation with the lubricating performance of the space lubricant mainly comprise high vacuum, extreme environment temperature, strong radiation, atomic oxygen and the like. The relevant data report that the space pressure of a spacecraft in operation on a high-orbit space load is 10-11Pa, the space pressure born by the track is 10 when the track runs on the near ground-5～10-7Range of Pa magnitude. Lubricants used in such special circumstances should not only have good tribological properties, but must also have ultra-low vapor pressure properties.
The side of the aircraft facing the sun in the universe bears the intense radiation of the sun, the surface temperature can reach 100-200 ℃, the side facing the sun is influenced by the extremely cold environment of the universe space, and the surface temperature can resist minus 100-minus 200 ℃. In space environment, various radiations such as cosmic rays, ultraviolet rays, X rays and the like exist, some lubricants lose lubricating property under long-term radiation, and the radiation resistance of the high polymer material is poor, but the lubricating property is 104Gy～105Gy also did not change. The main component in the atmosphere of the predetermined orbit of the space is atomic oxygen, the material is easily oxidized and damaged by the high-activity atomic oxygen, and most lubricants are damaged in the atomic oxygen for no more than 10 years at most.
The research work of the space lubrication technology in China is effective, and in the aspect of liquid lubrication, the chlorphenyl silicone oil with wide liquid temperature range, low volatility and better lubricating property is designed and synthesized; mineral oil-based and silicone oil-based greases and greases for space use have been developed. In the aspect of solid lubrication, the research on the preparation science and technology of multilayer metal coating materials and nano-structure composite coating materials is developed by combining the development trends of the compounding, the layering and the nano-compounding in the scientific and technical field of coating materials, and the influence rule of the composition and the distribution characteristics of the coating on the friction and wear performance of the coating is mainly studied. Meanwhile, expert scholars, in combination with related scientific and technical research results, have developed various polymer-based and metal-based self-lubricating materials, such as Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) -based and polyimide-based bearing retainer materials, and the like.
Although China has accumulated for more than 60 years in the field of space tribology, particularly has made great progress in the field of space lubricating materials, and has obtained a lot of main research results, the difference still exists with the developed countries, and according to the national conditions of China, the research on solid lubricating materials and related technologies is still one of the key works of the space tribology research.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a space solid lubricant coating which is low in friction coefficient, small in abrasion loss, uniform and continuous in structure and about 20 mu m in thickness and a preparation method thereof. The method is scientific and reasonable, has great achievement transformation potential and wide practical value, and is mainly applied to spacecraft lubrication devices.
The purpose of the invention is realized by adopting the following technical scheme. High-wear-resistance coating for spacecraft and preparation method thereof, and coating component MoS of solid lubricant2The particle size is 100-200 meshes, the friction coefficient is low (0.122-0.204), the abrasion loss is small (1-15 mg), the structure is uniform and continuous, the thickness is about 20 mu m, and the preparation method mainly comprises sample preparation, polishing treatment and MoS2Particle screening, coating deposition, surface wiping, vacuum tribology performance testing and abrasive dust collection. Wherein in the step of testing the vacuum tribology performance, the vacuum chamber of the testerInternal vacuum of about 10-2MPa-10-7MPa, load of 4N-12N, speed of 0.2m/s-2.4m/s, friction distance of 1000m, mating surface material of standard bearing steel ball (GCr 15), size of phi 10mm, and hardness of HRC 66.6.
MoS2And (4) analyzing the mechanism of the vacuum tribological performance of the coating.
Influencing MoS2The tribological properties of the coating are more important factors, mainly including environment, load, speed, contact pattern, surface roughness, etc. Under the condition of vacuum environment, MoS2The tribological properties of the coating are mainly influenced by the load and speed, and do not change with respect to factors such as environment, contact mode and surface roughness. In the initial stage of the whole friction process, the friction contact mode is point-surface type, the surface of the coating material has certain surface roughness, mainly abrasive wear, the furrow effect is realized, and the friction coefficient is rapidly increased in the initial stage of friction. As the friction progresses, MoS2The surface of the coating material forms a self-lubricating film, which plays the role of a solid lubricant and enters a stable friction stage, and the friction coefficient does not change any more along with the increase of the sliding distance.
MoS is the initial stage of friction, since the surfaces of both materials have a certain surface roughness2The contact mode of the coating material and GCr15 steel is point-surface type, and MoS is generated in the friction process2The surface of the coating material forms a lubricating film. Therefore, the amount of wear decreases with increasing speed. The contact mode is changed from point-surface type to surface-surface type along with the friction. MoS with increasing speed under the same wear conditions2The shear force value borne by the surface of the coating material is correspondingly increased, the probability of abrasive dust falling is increased, the wear resistance of the material is reduced, and simultaneously, MoS is increased along with the increase of the speed2The friction heat accumulated in the wearing process of the wearing surface of the coating material is increased, MoS2The surface of the coating material becomes soft, the probability of falling of the step-type appearance on the surface of the grinding mark is increased, the grinding dust is increased, and the abrasion loss is increased.
Load pair MoS2The effect of the frictional properties of the coating material is divided into two aspects. On the one hand, as the load progressesThe increase of the step, the increase of the frictional heat generated during the abrasion, and the increase of the temperature of the friction surface causes the decrease of the crystallinity of the material around the abrasion mark, resulting in the increase of the abrasion amount. MoS can be generated by friction heating2The coating material volatilizes, increasing the amount of wear. On the other hand, MoS increases as the softening phenomenon at the grinding crack progresses2The adhesion capability of the coating substrate to the abrasive dust is reduced, the probability of the abrasive dust entering the substrate is reduced continuously, and the abrasion loss in the friction process is increased.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the solid lubricant has low friction coefficient and less abrasion loss;
2. the solid lubricant has the thickness of about 20 mu m, has uniform and continuous structure and is mainly applied to lubricating devices of spacecrafts;
3. the preparation method of the solid lubricant is scientific and reasonable, and has great achievement transformation potential and wide practical value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a topographical view of the coating;
FIG. 2 is a graph of coating coefficient of friction as a function of speed;
FIG. 3 is a graph of coating wear as a function of speed;
FIG. 4 is a graph of coating coefficient of friction as a function of load;
FIG. 5 is a graph of coating wear as a function of load;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the wear surface topography of the coating.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.
Example 1: high-wear-resistance coating for spacecraft and preparation method thereof, and coating component MoS of solid lubricant2The particle size is 100-200 meshes, and the preparation method mainly comprises sample preparation, polishing treatment and MoS2Particle screening, coating deposition, surface wiping, vacuum tribology performance testing and abrasive dust collection;
polishing, MoS, of LY12 sample2Particle screening, deposit coating, surface wiping, vacuum tribology performance testingTesting and collecting abrasive dust, and then testing the vacuum friction behavior of the abrasive dust; the specific process is as follows:
1. polishing treatment
Polishing the upper surface and the lower surface of a LY12 sample by using a polishing machine, wherein the size of the sample is phi 70mm multiplied by 10mm, and the polishing time is 2min, so that the surface of the sample is bright but no oxidation phenomenon occurs;
2.MoS2particle screening
MoS is crushed by a crusher or manually2Crushing the particles to about 100 meshes;
3. deposition coating
Performing sputtering deposition coating treatment on the upper surface and the lower surface of a LY12 sample by using a magnetron sputtering instrument, and selecting MoS with the substrate size of phi 70mm multiplied by 10mm and the purity of 99.9 percent2Target, set pressure (0.6 Pa, 1.0 Pa), Ar and N2The flow ratio (10: 15 sccm), the substrate temperature (400 ℃) and the sputtering time are 60 min; when the experiment is started, the background vacuum degree is pumped to 4.0 x 10 by the mechanical pump-molecular pump system -5Pa, after the parameters are adjusted, opening a baffle plate and starting sputtering and coating; after sputtering is finished, closing the baffle, the radio frequency power supply, the heating device and the gas valve in sequence, and taking out a sample when the indicated temperature of the substrate is reduced to room temperature;
4. surface wiping
MoS of upper and lower surfaces of LY12 sample by using acetone solution2Carrying out surface wiping treatment on the coating to remove surface sediments;
5. vacuum tribology Performance testing
Testing tribological performance of the coating by using ball-disk type (BYTT-1000) vacuum friction abrasion tester with vacuum degree of 1 × 10-5MPa, load of 6N, speed of 0.2m/s-2.4m/s, friction distance of 1000m, dual-surface material of standard bearing steel ball (GCr 15), size of phi 10mm, and hardness of HRC 66.6;
6. abrasive dust collection
MoS collection using paper dust and acetone solution2Coating abrasive dust for later use;
as shown in FIG. 1, MoS2Coating knotThe structure is uniform and continuous, and the average thickness is 20 mu m;
MoS as shown in FIGS. 2-32The friction coefficient of the coating increases and then decreases with the increase of the speed, and the abrasion loss decreases with the increase of the speed.
Example 2: high-wear-resistance coating for spacecraft and preparation method thereof, and coating component MoS of solid lubricant2The particle size is 100-200 meshes, and the preparation method mainly comprises sample preparation, polishing treatment and MoS2Particle screening, coating deposition, surface wiping, vacuum tribology performance testing and abrasive dust collection;
polishing, MoS, of LY12 sample2The method comprises the steps of particle screening, coating deposition, surface wiping, vacuum tribology performance testing and abrasive dust collection, and then testing the vacuum tribology performance of the particles; the specific process is as follows:
1. polishing treatment
Polishing the upper surface and the lower surface of a LY12 sample by using a polishing machine, wherein the size of the sample is phi 70mm multiplied by 10mm, the polishing time is 2-3min, and the surface of the sample is bright but the oxidation phenomenon is avoided;
2.MoS2particle screening
MoS is crushed by a crusher or manually2The particles are crushed to be about 150 meshes;
3. deposition coating
Performing sputtering deposition coating treatment on the upper surface and the lower surface of a LY12 sample by using a magnetron sputtering instrument, and selecting MoS with the substrate size of phi 70mm multiplied by 10mm and the purity of 99.9 percent2Target, set pressure (0.6 Pa, 1.0 Pa), Ar and N2The flow ratio (10: 15 sccm), the substrate temperature (400 ℃) and the sputtering time are 60 min; when the experiment is started, the background vacuum degree is pumped to 4.0 x 10 by the mechanical pump-molecular pump system -5Pa, after the parameters are adjusted, opening a baffle plate and starting sputtering and coating; after sputtering is finished, closing the baffle, the radio frequency power supply, the heating device and the gas valve in sequence, and taking out a sample when the indicated temperature of the substrate is reduced to room temperature;
4. surface wiping
MoS of upper and lower surfaces of LY12 sample by using acetone solution2Carrying out surface wiping treatment on the coating to remove surface sediments;
5. vacuum tribology Performance testing
Testing tribological performance of the coating by using ball-disk type (BYTT-1000) vacuum friction abrasion tester with vacuum degree of 1 × 10-5MPa, load of 4N-12N, speed of 0.8m/s, friction distance of 1000m, dual-surface material of standard bearing steel ball (GCr 15), size of phi 10mm, and hardness of HRC 66.6;
6. abrasive dust collection
MoS collection using paper dust and acetone solution2Coating abrasive dust for later use;
as shown in fig. 4-5, MoS2The friction coefficient of the coating is reduced along with the increase of the load, and the abrasion loss is increased along with the increase of the load
As shown in FIG. 6, MoS2The worn surface of the coating becomes smooth, a self-lubricating film appears, and the edge of the grinding mark has coating stripping characteristics and is crushed.

Claims (2)

1. The high-wear-resistance coating for the spacecraft is characterized in that the coating component MoS of the solid lubricant2Particles with the size of 100-200 meshes and MoS2The coating structure is uniform and continuous, and the average thickness is 20 mu m;
the high-wear-resistance coating for the spacecraft is prepared by the following method: comprises sample preparation, polishing treatment and MoS2Particle screening, coating deposition and surface wiping;
(1) polishing treatment
Polishing the upper surface and the lower surface of the LY12 sample by a polishing machine, wherein the sample has the size of phi 70mm multiplied by 10mm, the polishing time is 2min, the surface of the sample is bright, and the oxidation phenomenon is avoided;
（2）MoS2particle screening
MoS is crushed by a crusher or manually2Crushing the particles to 100 meshes;
(3) deposition coating
Performing sputtering deposition coating treatment on the upper surface and the lower surface of the LY12 sample by using a magnetron sputtering instrument, and selecting a substrateMoS with the size of phi 70mm multiplied by 10mm and the purity of 99.999 percent2A target set at a pressure of 0.6Pa or 1.0Pa, Ar and N2The flow ratio is 10:15sccm, the substrate temperature is 400 ℃, and the sputtering time is 60 min; when the experiment is started, the background vacuum degree is pumped to 4.0 x 10 by the mechanical pump-molecular pump system-5Pa, after the parameters are adjusted, opening a baffle plate and starting sputtering and coating; after sputtering is finished, closing the baffle, the radio frequency power supply, the heating device and the gas valve in sequence, and taking out a sample when the indicated temperature of the substrate is reduced to room temperature;
(4) surface wiping
MoS of upper and lower surfaces of LY12 sample by using acetone solution2Carrying out surface wiping treatment on the coating to remove surface sediments;
the service vacuum degree of the high-wear-resistance coating is 1 multiplied by 10-5MPa, load of 6N, speed of 0.2m/s-2.4m/s, friction distance of 1000m, dual-surface material of standard bearing steel ball GCr15, size of phi 10mm, and hardness of HRC 66.6.
2. The high-wear-resistance coating for the spacecraft is characterized in that the coating component MoS of the solid lubricant2Particles with the size of 100-200 meshes and MoS2The coating structure is uniform and continuous, and the average thickness is 20 mu m;
the high-wear-resistance coating for the spacecraft is prepared by the following method: comprises sample preparation, polishing treatment and MoS2Particle screening, coating deposition and surface wiping;
(1) polishing treatment
Polishing the upper surface and the lower surface of the LY12 sample by a polishing machine, wherein the sample has the size of phi 70mm multiplied by 10mm, the polishing time is 2min, the surface of the sample is bright, and the oxidation phenomenon is avoided;
（2）MoS2particle screening
MoS is crushed by a crusher or manually2Crushing the particles to 150 meshes;
(3) deposition coating
Performing sputtering deposition coating treatment on the upper surface and the lower surface of a LY12 sample by using a magnetron sputtering instrument, and selecting a material with the substrate size of phi 70mm multiplied by 10mm,MoS with a purity of 99.999%2A target set at a pressure of 0.6Pa or 1.0Pa, Ar and N2The flow ratio is 10:15sccm, the substrate temperature is 400 ℃, and the sputtering time is 60 min; when the experiment is started, the background vacuum degree is pumped to 4.0 x 10 by the mechanical pump-molecular pump system-5Pa, after the parameters are adjusted, opening a baffle plate and starting sputtering and coating; after sputtering is finished, closing the baffle, the radio frequency power supply, the heating device and the gas valve in sequence, and taking out a sample when the indicated temperature of the substrate is reduced to room temperature;
(4) surface wiping
MoS of upper and lower surfaces of LY12 sample by using acetone solution2Carrying out surface wiping treatment on the coating to remove surface sediments;
the service vacuum degree of the high-wear-resistance coating is 1 multiplied by 10-5MPa, load of 4-12N, speed of 0.8m/s, friction distance of 1000m, dual-surface material of standard bearing steel ball GCr15, size of phi 10mm, and hardness of HRC 66.6.
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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101906614A (en) * 2010-06-10 2010-12-08 上海交通大学 Preparation method of molybdenum disulfide base lubricating wear-resistant composite film
CN108059459A (en) * 2017-11-03 2018-05-22 北京安泰六九新材料科技有限公司 A kind of MoS2The preparation method of ceramic target

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3822345B2 (en) * 1997-12-26 2006-09-20 Ｎｔｎ株式会社 Solid lubricating film structure and solid lubricated rolling bearing
US8561707B2 (en) * 2009-08-18 2013-10-22 Exxonmobil Research And Engineering Company Ultra-low friction coatings for drill stem assemblies

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101906614A (en) * 2010-06-10 2010-12-08 上海交通大学 Preparation method of molybdenum disulfide base lubricating wear-resistant composite film
CN108059459A (en) * 2017-11-03 2018-05-22 北京安泰六九新材料科技有限公司 A kind of MoS2The preparation method of ceramic target

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Title
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"Super-low friction of MoS2 coatings in various environments";C. Donnet et al.;《Tribology International》;19960229;第29卷(第2期);第123-128页 *
"The effect of substrate surface roughness on the friction and wear of sputtered MoS2 films";E W Robertst et al.;《Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics》;19920726;第25卷;第A65-A70页 *
"溅射MoS Z 膜在真空用滚珠轴承上的应用研究";徐锦芬等;《固体润滑》;19880401(第1期);第23-27页 *

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