CN109332578A - A kind of containerless casting manufacturing process freezing clay-bonded sand - Google Patents
A kind of containerless casting manufacturing process freezing clay-bonded sand Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN109332578A CN109332578A CN201811234416.4A CN201811234416A CN109332578A CN 109332578 A CN109332578 A CN 109332578A CN 201811234416 A CN201811234416 A CN 201811234416A CN 109332578 A CN109332578 A CN 109332578A
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- sand
- clay
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- bonded
- shaping
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/18—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of inorganic agents
- B22C1/181—Cements, oxides or clays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/10—Cores; Manufacture or installation of cores
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to sand casting fields, disclose a kind of containerless casting manufacturing process for freezing clay-bonded sand.This method uniformly mixes roughing sand with clay bond, molding sand is made and is placed into sandbox and carries out consolidation, clay-bonded sand base is made, is subsequently placed in -15 DEG C--40 DEG C of low temperature environment and sufficiently freezes, stand-by sand base is made after the intensity and surface hardness of clay-bonded sand touch the mark.Processing program is generated by part model, driving mouldless shaping machine is cut and assembled sand mold to freezing sand base, then casts under room temperature or low temperature environment to sand mold.After the freezing of clay sand mold, good permeability reduces the gas hole defect in metal liquid solidification process；Sand mold resistance to compression (drawing) intensity is high, and surface hardness is high, suitable for no mould shaping by stock removal；It is high-efficient compared with traditional-handwork moulding to freeze clay-bonded sand Non-mould shaping technique, sand mold precision is high；High-temperature liquid metal melt undercooling degree is high when simultaneously because of casting, and temperature gradient is big in metal solidification process, metal casting dense structure, and mechanical property is good.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to sand casting technical fields, and in particular to a kind of containerless casting manufacturing process for freezing clay-bonded sand.
Background technique
Containerless casting forming technique mainly includes that the sand mold based on selective laser sintering (SLS) or droplet ejection increases material
Manufacturing technology and based on sand mold cutting subtract material manufacturing technology.The freezing clay-bonded sand containerless casting forming side related generally to herein
Method is the cutting technology for clay-bonded sand sand base.
Containerless casting manufacturing process based on sand mold cutting technology is using CAD driving sand mold digital-control processing system to sand
Base carries out directly cutting forming.It shapes high-efficient, low manufacture cost compared with traditional-handwork overmolded moulding, and working environment is good, sand mold
Precision is high (to be increased to CT6-7 grades using sand mold/core dimensional accuracy prepared by this method, surface roughness reaches 3.2-
6.3um).The whole net forming that complicated casting mold may be implemented, produces the sand mold of arbitrarily complicated shape, does not need reserved draft
Gradient considerably reduces manual intervention.
Currently based on sand mold cutting containerless casting forming technique application range mainly include resin sand, water-glass sand,
The machining of precoated sand, this is because the compression strength and surface hardness of these three sand molds are higher, suitable for the direct of milling cutter
Machining.It is lower without the resistance to compression of the clay-bonded sand of freezing processing, tensile strength and surface hardness, green sand tension
Intensity is only 0.03MPa, and compression strength is only 0.05MPa-0.3MPa or so, and surface hardness is only 45g/mm2Left and right, it is uncomfortable
Close the mouldless shaping method for directly cut processing.Green sand is anti-at -20 DEG C or so after low-temperature setting is handled
Tensile strength can be more than 1.8MPa, and compression strength can be more than 2.7MPa, and surface hardness is more than 75g/mm2；In -30 DEG C or so tensions
Intensity can be more than 2.1MPa, and compression strength can be more than 3.0MPa, and surface hardness is more than 80g/mm2, fully meet containerless casting
Requirement of the technology to sand mold performance itself.
Currently, have benefited from that bentonite used in clay-bonded sand is cheap, and sand mold production environment is good compared with resin bonded sand mould is prepared,
High temperature collapsibility equal many-sided advantage more excellent than resin sand, usage amount of the clay sand molding in sand casting field is more than 70%.
But since the tension of clay-bonded sand (pressure) intensity and surface hardness are lower, seriously limit based on sand mold cutting containerless casting at
Shape technology therefore also considerably increases the difficulty and labor of clay-bonded sand hand moulding in the development and popularization in clay sand molding field
Fatigue resistance.A kind of containerless casting manufacturing process freezing clay-bonded sand is the system of all kinds of metal castings cast suitable for clay-bonded sand
It makes and provides a kind of more quick, more perfect approach.While the low cost and high collapsibility performance for guaranteeing clay-bonded sand
It is also applied for the containerless casting forming technique cut based on sand mold, the surface precision of clay sand mold chamber is improved, makes clay
Sand molding saves the limitation that must use wooden model, metal mold, greatly simplifies the moulding difficulty of clay-bonded sand.
Summary of the invention
It is very big (more than 70%) for usage amount of the current clay-bonded sand in sand casting, but itself tension (pressure) is strong
Degree and surface hardness are lower, are not suitable for the problem of directly cutting the containerless casting forming technique of sand mold, the present invention proposes one kind
Freeze clay-bonded sand shaping by stock removal method.
To achieve the above object, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
Step 1: bentonite, attapulgite or the seaweed soil of the 20.0%-50.0% of quality of pure water percentage will be accounted for
Etc. clay powders be sufficiently mixed by colloid mill with pure water in advance and prepare colloid, then will account for the 5%- of molding sand quality score
(molding sand material can be quartz sand or non-quartz sand, including ceramsite sand, treasured for the 12% splicing clay agent mixed and molding sand material
One of pearl sand, chromite sand, zircon sand, limestone sand, emergy, magnesia or olivine sand or arbitrarily several sand are answered
Close) it is thoroughly mixed with sand mixer, then the loose sand mixed is placed in sandbox and is put into temperature range after consolidation
To carry out freezing solidification in -15 DEG C to -40 DEG C of low temperature environment；
Step 2: (sand mold is strong when the temperature of the surface of clay-bonded sand and core all drops within the scope of -15 DEG C Dao -40 DEG C
Degree and surface hardness can reach cutting and require), the clay-bonded sand base freezed is taken out, the low of no mould processing platform is placed it in
It (general warranty cryogenic temperature be -5 DEG C to -10 DEG C) and is accurately positioned in warm working room；
Step 3: the metal parts shape cast as needed needs the cavity version of sand mold cut with CAD reverse,
Then machining programming code is input in the control system of model-free casting forming machine.
Step 4: under the low temperature environment of containerless casting precision form machine, needed for being cut sand base by cutting tool
Sand mold/core unit；
Step 5: under freezing environment, overall package is carried out to sand mold/core unit.And under freezing or normal temperature environment
Pour into molten metal bath, subsequent molten metal cooling forming；
By adopting the above technical scheme, it has the advantage that
It can effectively overcome clay-bonded sand since self-strength is low after clay-bonded sand freezing, be not suitable for caused by surface hardness difference
The shortcomings that using sand mold containerless casting forming technique based on cutting technology, after clay-bonded sand freezing (- 20 DEG C of cryogenic temperature or so)
Tensile strength can be more than 1.8MPa, compression strength can be more than 3MPa or so, and surface hardness is up to 75g/mm2More than.Three refer to
Mark reaches the intensity and surface hardness of the sand mold cutting of containerless casting requirement；
The clay sand mold surface accuracy made with containerless casting precision form machine is high, can achieve same with resin sand
Deng performance indicator, dimensional accuracy CT6-7, surface accuracy 3.2-6.3um.
Freezing clay-bonded sand base only generates micro dust during the cutting process and (due to the reason of freezing, will not generate a large amount of
Fugitive dust), and freeze clay-bonded sand and also only generate less dust pollution in casting process, compare the production of resin sand cutting process
The a large amount of pernicious gases generated in raw a large amount of dust and casting process freeze the cutting and casting process operating condition of clay-bonded sand
Preferably.Freezing clay sand mold collapsibility is good after casting, and knockout is simple.
The gas permeability of green sand itself is poor, is typically only 40-80, and the gas that casting process generates is not easy to escape
Casting is caused to generate gas hole defect out.After clay-bonded sand freezing, due to free water freezing, volume becomes larger (water freezing density becomes smaller),
So that number of pores and pore-size between sand grains is become larger, mo ld void increase (according to cryogenic temperature difference, mo ld void-
20 DEG C up to 110 or more), the generation of casting flaw caused by stomata is reduced to a certain extent.
Freeze clay-bonded sand during the casting that molten metal pours, freezing clay sand mold compared with common sand (green sand type and
Resin bonded sand mould) very big supercooling degree can be generated to high-temperature fusant, therefore the temperature gradient of molten metal solidification section part is very big.It is raw
The casting crystalline grain of production is tiny, and crystal grain orientation reaches unanimity, and mechanical castings are superior.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 freezes clay sand molding flow chart
Specific embodiment
The present invention is for a kind of containerless casting manufacturing process for freezing clay-bonded sand, and selected foundry sand is according to casting
The different mixing for requiring to can be quartz sand, non-quartz sand or several sand arbitrary proportions, mesh number can be 40/70,50/
100,70/140,100/200 arbitrary number of level is matched.The clay powders such as bentonite account for the 20.0%- of quality of pure water score
50.0%, the mass fraction that splicing clay agent accounts for molding sand is 5%-12%.The clay-beaded sand being blended is put into cryogenic forming
In sandbox, make clay-bonded sand base solidified forming in -15 DEG C to -40 DEG C of low temperature environments, then transports the clay-bonded sand base freezed
It is defeated into mouldless shaping machine freezing environment, directly cut by milling cutter and be processed into sand mold (core).
Specific implementation step of the present invention is as follows:
Step 1: technique requirement according to the present invention, selecting and casting common granularity is that 50/100 mesh or 70/100 purpose are any
Chiltern (quartz sand and non-quartz sand), bonding agent select the lithium base swelling for accounting for the 20.0%-50.0% of quality of pure water percentage
The suspension of native (sodium bentonite, calcium-base bentonite, attapulgite or seaweed soil) and pure water after evenly mixing, so
Foundry sand and bonding agent (5.0%-12.0% for accounting for foundry sand mass percent) are sufficiently mixed and are placed on sandbox afterwards
In it is spare；
Step 2: mixed clay-bonded sand molding sand is filled into sandbox, sandbox surface is struck off after consolidation, by sandbox
It is positioned below in -15 DEG C of cryogenic forming room, freezing clay-bonded sand sand is made after the Free water in clay sand mold freezes completely
Base；
Step 3: freezing clay-bonded sand sand base is taken out from sandbox, sand base is placed in the low temperature environment of mouldless shaping room simultaneously
Cutting tool is placed in cutting position；
Step 4: according to part C AD model reverse sand mold model, processing program, input processing are generated according to sand mold model
Equipment.Sand mold (core) needed for equipment directly cuts processing is shaped by no mould；
Step 5: freezing clay-bonded sand sand mold (core) after processing is completed, carries out assembling in cryogenic forming room stand-by；
Step 6: high-temperature liquid metal is quickly poured into freezing clay-bonded sand sand mold under room temperature or low temperature environment, molten metal
Carry out process of setting.
It can be seen from the above description that the present invention achieves that: realize clay sand mold (core) without mould
Quick-forming, eliminates molding, the draft process of clay-bonded sand, and the sand mold dimensional accuracy produced is high, and surface quality is good.
The method be suitable for various formulas clay sand mold (core) production, versatility it is good, it can be achieved that clay-bonded sand it is rapid-result fastly without mould
Shape saves mold materials and human cost.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to restrict the invention, for the skill of this field
For art personnel, the invention may be variously modified and varied.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, made any
Modification, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of containerless casting manufacturing process for freezing clay-bonded sand, it is characterised in that this method comprises the following steps:
Step 1: the clay powders such as suitable bentonite and pure water be thoroughly mixed colloidal suspension is made；
Step 2: the appropriate slurry mixed and roughing sand be thoroughly mixed clay-bonded sand particle is made；
Step 3: the clay particle being blended being filled into sandbox and carries out consolidation, is struck off sandbox surface and is placed in low temperature simultaneously
It is freezed in environment；
Step 4: required part shape progress CAD reverse is obtained into sand mold model and generates machining program code, to cold
Frozen clay sand base carries out machining；
Step 5: the freezing clay sand mold and sand core that process are assembled in low temperature environment；
Step 6: assembled freezing clay-bonded sand sand mold is quickly cast under room temperature or cryogenic conditions.
2. a kind of freezing clay-bonded sand shaping by stock removal method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that chiltern used in sand mold is
Quartz sand or non-quartz sand, such as ceramsite sand, nice foundry sand, chromite sand, zircon sand, lime stone sand, magnesia, emergy, olive sand
One or more of.
3. a kind of freezing clay-bonded sand shaping by stock removal method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the clays such as bentonite are viscous
Meet the 20.0%-50.0% that agent powder accounts for quality of pure water percentage.
4. a kind of freezing clay-bonded sand shaping by stock removal method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that made clay is viscous
Meet the 5.0%-12.0% that agent accounts for roughing sand granular mass score.
5. a kind of freezing clay-bonded sand shaping by stock removal method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that will in low temperature environment
Clay-bonded sand is chilled to -15 DEG C--40 DEG C.
6. a kind of freezing clay-bonded sand shaping by stock removal method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in mouldless shaping machine
Cutting environment temperature is -5 DEG C--10 DEG C.
7. a kind of freezing clay-bonded sand shaping by stock removal method according to claim 1, molding sand is to be passed through in freezing curing method
Liquid nitrogen, dry ice, or be directly placed in sand base in the low temperature chamber for having freezing unit.
8. a kind of freezing clay-bonded sand shaping by stock removal method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that after clay-bonded sand freezing
Sand base cutting be made sand mold, sand core and by assembling after, can with direct pouring high-temperature liquid metal, carry out cast form.
9. a kind of freezing clay-bonded sand shaping by stock removal method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the casting ring of molten metal
Border can be freezing environment or normal temperature environment.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811234416.4A CN109332578A (en) | 2018-10-23 | 2018-10-23 | A kind of containerless casting manufacturing process freezing clay-bonded sand |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811234416.4A CN109332578A (en) | 2018-10-23 | 2018-10-23 | A kind of containerless casting manufacturing process freezing clay-bonded sand |
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| CN109332578A true CN109332578A (en) | 2019-02-15 |
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| CN201811234416.4A Pending CN109332578A (en) | 2018-10-23 | 2018-10-23 | A kind of containerless casting manufacturing process freezing clay-bonded sand |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110270676A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-24 | 太湖县光华铝业有限公司 | A kind of alusil alloy casting technique |
| CN113560486A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-10-29 | 南京航空航天大学 | Short fiber mixed frozen sand mold preparation method |
| CN113579161A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-11-02 | 南京航空航天大学 | Large complex freezing sand mold low-temperature forming and over-cold-control cooperative manufacturing method |
| CN113941687A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2022-01-18 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Method for enhancing compactness of sand casting |
| CN114850449A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-08-05 | 南京航空航天大学 | Negative pressure type freezing sand mold casting device and method for complex metal product |
| CN114850400A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-08-05 | 中国机械科学研究总院集团有限公司 | Rapid casting method based on freezing composite casting mold |
| CN114888241A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-08-12 | 一汽丰田发动机(天津)有限公司 | Neutron cooling device based on inorganic neutron process and method for improving filling defect |
| CN114888265A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-12 | 南京航空航天大学 | Preparation method of negative-pressure film-covering frozen sand mold |
| WO2023005474A1 (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2023-02-02 | 南京航空航天大学 | Low temperature air flow servo auxiliary sand removal apparatus and method for frozen sand mold cutting |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110270676A (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2019-09-24 | 太湖县光华铝业有限公司 | A kind of alusil alloy casting technique |
| CN110270676B (en) * | 2019-07-15 | 2021-12-17 | 太湖县光华铝业有限公司 | Aluminum-silicon alloy casting process |
| CN113941687A (en) * | 2020-07-17 | 2022-01-18 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Method for enhancing compactness of sand casting |
| CN113560486A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-10-29 | 南京航空航天大学 | Short fiber mixed frozen sand mold preparation method |
| CN113579161A (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2021-11-02 | 南京航空航天大学 | Large complex freezing sand mold low-temperature forming and over-cold-control cooperative manufacturing method |
| WO2023005474A1 (en) * | 2021-07-28 | 2023-02-02 | 南京航空航天大学 | Low temperature air flow servo auxiliary sand removal apparatus and method for frozen sand mold cutting |
| CN114850400A (en) * | 2022-03-02 | 2022-08-05 | 中国机械科学研究总院集团有限公司 | Rapid casting method based on freezing composite casting mold |
| CN114850449A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-08-05 | 南京航空航天大学 | Negative pressure type freezing sand mold casting device and method for complex metal product |
| CN114888241A (en) * | 2022-04-26 | 2022-08-12 | 一汽丰田发动机(天津)有限公司 | Neutron cooling device based on inorganic neutron process and method for improving filling defect |
| CN114888265A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-12 | 南京航空航天大学 | Preparation method of negative-pressure film-covering frozen sand mold |
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Application publication date: 20190215 |