CN109326838B - Full-coverage safety monitoring system for battery and battery management method - Google Patents
Full-coverage safety monitoring system for battery and battery management method Download PDFInfo
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- CN109326838B CN109326838B CN201811044747.1A CN201811044747A CN109326838B CN 109326838 B CN109326838 B CN 109326838B CN 201811044747 A CN201811044747 A CN 201811044747A CN 109326838 B CN109326838 B CN 109326838B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides a battery full-coverage safety monitoring system and a battery management method, wherein the battery full-coverage safety monitoring system comprises: the device comprises a power battery, a data acquisition module, a relay module and a controller; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring the electrical parameters of the power battery; the data acquisition module and the relay module are electrically connected with the controller, the controller is used for sending a control signal to the relay module according to the electrical parameters acquired by the data acquisition module, and the relay module is used for carrying out balance control on the power battery according to the control signal; the relay module comprises a plurality of first relays and a plurality of second relays, the first relays are connected between the single batteries at the same positions on different basic series branches in each basic battery module, and the second relays are connected between the single batteries at any two same positions in different basic battery modules. The invention ensures that a plurality of single batteries in the power battery have good consistency and prolongs the service life of the power battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of power electronics, in particular to a battery full-coverage safety monitoring system and a battery management method.
Background
In the field of new energy power supplies or energy storage backup power supplies, a PACK structure of a lithium ion battery module is an important core component, and particularly in some fields (such as the field of pure electric vehicles), the lithium ion battery is especially important as a unique power source. Therefore, the effective PACK structure of the lithium ion battery and the full-coverage battery health management (HBMS) can fundamentally improve the endurance mileage and the service life of the power supply or the energy storage backup power supply.
Generally, the battery PACK structure grouping mode can be divided into two types: the first is a parallel-first-serial PACK method: according to the capacity and voltage of the lithium ion battery pack required by the whole vehicle, all the single batteries are connected in parallel and then connected in series. After the single batteries are connected in parallel, the cycle life of the batteries connected in parallel is influenced by factors such as difference of internal resistances (including internal resistance of a conductor in the PACK process), uneven heat dissipation and the like. Furthermore, when a unit cell in parallel is short-circuited, the current in the parallel circuit is very high, which may easily cause the risk of the cell burning or explosion. The second serial-to-parallel PACK mode: according to the capacity and voltage of the lithium ion battery pack required by the whole vehicle, the single batteries are firstly connected in series, for example, 1/3 single batteries occupying the capacity of the whole pack are firstly connected in series and are finally connected in parallel. The purpose of this is to reduce the probability of failure of the large capacity battery pack. However, the PACK mode has high requirements on a management system. In many cases, the stopping of charging or discharging of the entire battery pack is often caused by the fact that the individual batteries in the series circuit are in a weak state.
Generally speaking, as long as the lithium power battery (or any other type of battery) in series connection and the high-capacity super capacitor are used as power or auxiliary power, during the process of supplementing or releasing electric energy, the problem of consistency difference easily occurs in the multiple single energy storage devices in the series energy storage assembly, for example, the single battery in the power battery in the PACK mode of series connection and parallel connection is often in an overcharged and overdischarged state, which results in a significant reduction in the service life of the power battery and easy spontaneous combustion, and therefore, it is extremely necessary to implement independent balance control for any single energy storage device in the series energy storage assembly, and it is one of the main technologies that must be solved in the new energy application field.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a full-coverage safety monitoring system and a battery management method for a battery, so that a plurality of single batteries in a power battery have good consistency, and the service life of the power battery is prolonged.
In a first aspect, the present invention provides a battery full-coverage safety monitoring system, including: the device comprises a power battery, a data acquisition module, a relay module and a controller;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring the electrical parameters of the power battery; the data acquisition module and the relay module are electrically connected with the controller, the controller is used for sending a control signal to the relay module according to the electrical parameters acquired by the data acquisition module, and the relay module is used for carrying out balance control on the power battery according to the control signal;
the power battery comprises N basic battery modules, each basic battery module comprises M basic series branches, each basic series branch comprises L single batteries which are connected in series, and N, M, L is a positive integer;
the relay module comprises a plurality of first relays and a plurality of second relays, the first relays are connected between the single batteries at the same positions on different basic series branches in each basic battery module, and the second relays are connected between the single batteries at any two same positions in different basic battery modules.
Optionally, the electrical parameters of the power battery include a total current of the power battery, a total voltage of the power battery, an external temperature of the power battery, and a voltage of each single battery in the power battery.
Optionally, the battery full-coverage safety monitoring system further includes N × M current-limiting balancing units, each current-limiting balancing unit is correspondingly connected in each basic series branch, and the current-limiting balancing unit is located before the first single battery in the basic series branch.
Optionally, the controller further includes a dc-dc converter, and the dc-dc converter is connected to each first relay, and is configured to charge the single battery with the voltage lower than the first preset threshold through the first relay.
Optionally, the controller further includes a discharging load, and the discharging load is connected to each first relay and is used for discharging the single battery with the voltage higher than the second preset threshold through the first relay.
Optionally, the discharge load is a resistor.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides a battery management method, which is applied to the battery full coverage safety monitoring system in any one of the above technical solutions, and the battery management method includes:
collecting electrical parameters of a power battery;
sending a control signal to the relay module according to the electrical parameter;
and carrying out balance control on the power battery according to the control signal, wherein the balance control mode comprises at least one of the following modes: static natural electric quantity balance control, energy transfer balance control, passive balance control and start instant balance control.
Optionally, the sending the control signal to the relay module according to the electrical parameter includes:
when the voltages of the single batteries at the same positions on different basic series branches in the same battery basic module are different, a first control signal is sent to the relay module;
carrying out balance control on the power battery according to the control signal, and the method comprises the following steps:
and carrying out standing natural electric quantity balance control on the power battery according to the first control signal.
Optionally, the sending the control signal to the relay module according to the electrical parameter includes:
when the voltages of the single batteries at the same positions on different battery basic modules are different, a second control signal is sent to the relay module;
carrying out balance control on the power battery according to the control signal, and the method comprises the following steps:
and carrying out standing natural electric quantity balance control on the power battery according to the second control signal.
Optionally, the sending the control signal to the relay module according to the electrical parameter includes:
when the voltage of the first single battery is higher than the voltages of the basic battery module and other single batteries in the basic series branch by a second preset threshold value, a third control signal is sent to the relay module;
carrying out balance control on the power battery according to the control signal, and the method comprises the following steps:
and performing passive balance control on the power battery according to a third control signal.
The invention relates to a battery full-coverage safety monitoring system and a battery management method, wherein the battery full-coverage safety monitoring system specifically comprises: the device comprises a power battery, a data acquisition module, a relay module and a controller; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring the electrical parameters of the power battery; the data acquisition module and the relay module are electrically connected with the controller, the controller is used for sending a control signal to the relay module according to the electrical parameters acquired by the data acquisition module, and the relay module is used for carrying out balance control on the power battery according to the control signal; the power battery comprises N basic battery modules, each basic battery module comprises M basic series branches, each basic series branch comprises L single batteries which are connected in series, and N, M, L is a positive integer; the relay module comprises a plurality of first relays and a plurality of second relays, the first relays are connected between the single batteries at the same positions on different basic series branches in each basic battery module, and the second relays are connected between the single batteries at any two same positions in different basic battery modules. Therefore, when the problem of consistency difference occurs in the plurality of single batteries in the process of supplementing or releasing the electric energy of the power battery, the relay module performs balance control on the power battery according to the control signal sent by the controller, namely, the plurality of single batteries in the power battery are subjected to balance control, the consistency difference of the plurality of single batteries is eliminated, the phenomenon of over-charging or over-discharging in the use process is avoided, and the service life of the whole power battery is prolonged.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a battery full-coverage safety monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a power battery according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a preferred example of a power battery provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is an electrical connection diagram of a relay module corresponding to the power cell of fig. 3;
fig. 5 is a structural diagram of a preferred example of a controller according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of a power battery management method according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
10-a battery full-coverage safety monitoring system; 11-a power battery;
12-a data acquisition module; 13-a controller;
14-a relay module; 20-dc converter.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a structural diagram of a battery full-coverage safety monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 1, the battery full coverage safety monitoring system 10 of the first embodiment includes: the device comprises a power battery 11, a data acquisition module 12, a relay module 14 and a controller 13. The data acquisition module 12 is used for acquiring electrical parameters of the power battery 11; the data acquisition module 12 and the relay module 14 are both electrically connected with the controller 13, the controller 13 is used for sending a control signal to the relay module 14 according to the electrical parameters acquired by the data acquisition module 12, and the relay module 14 is used for carrying out balance control on the power battery 11 according to the control signal.
Specifically, during the process of supplementing or releasing the electric energy, the power battery 11 is prone to have a problem of poor consistency among a plurality of internal single batteries, so that some single batteries are often in an overcharged or overdischarged state, which leads to a shortened service life of the power battery, and therefore, the balance control is required. During the balancing process, firstly, the data acquisition module 12 sends the acquired electrical parameters of the power battery 11 to the controller 13, the controller 13 generates control signals according to the electrical parameters and sends the control signals to the relay module 14, and the relay module 14 performs balancing control on the power battery 11 according to the control signals.
The specific structure of each module in the battery full coverage safety monitoring system 10 will be described below.
Fig. 2 is a structural diagram of a power battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in fig. 2, the power battery 11 includes N battery basic modules, each of which includes M basic series branches, each of which includes L single batteries connected in series, and N, M, L are positive integers. The value of N, M, L can be set according to actual conditions, and the invention does not specifically limit the value of N, M, L. Specifically, the power battery 11 includes a battery basic module 1, a battery basic module 2, …, a battery basic module N; the basic battery module 1 comprises a basic series branch 1, a basic series branch 2, … and a basic series branch M; the basic series branch 1 is formed by connecting a single battery 1, a single battery 2, … and a single battery L in series; a first basic series branch in the basic battery module 1 is connected with a first basic series branch in the basic battery module 2 in series, a first basic series branch in the basic battery module 2 is connected with a first basic series branch in the basic battery module 3 in series, a first basic series branch in the basic battery module 3 is connected with a first basic series branch in the basic battery module 4 in series, …, a first basic series branch in the basic battery module N-1 is connected with a first basic series branch in the basic battery module N in series to form a series circuit 1 formed by connecting L multiplied by N single batteries in series, and similarly, the series circuit 2, the series circuit 3, … and the series circuit M can be obtained; the series circuit 1, the series circuit 2, … and the series circuit M are connected in parallel to form the whole power battery 11. In addition, an auxiliary contactor K1-KM is electrically connected between every two adjacent battery basic modules, and a main contactor K is electrically connected in front of the first battery basic module 1.
In the embodiment, the grouping mode of the power batteries is simple, the operation is reliable, when the whole power batteries are not charged or discharged, the whole power batteries are in a safe low-voltage state, the basic battery modules which are connected in series are mutually independent, and no parallel loop exists between the basic battery modules, so that the problem of short circuit of the batteries caused by self problems or external environmental factors is fundamentally avoided. Simultaneously, when overcharge or overdischarge appear in certain battery cell, thereby the accessible has independently disconnected series circuit's contactor in the corresponding battery module and has guaranteed on the one hand when discharging, the improvement of power battery's the continuous power supply ability, and then increase the continuation of the car mileage, and on the other hand, when charging, when overcharge appears in certain battery in the power battery, disconnects series circuit's contactor in the corresponding battery module, and remaining series circuit can continuously charge in the battery module, and is accomplished until the battery charges. Thus, the charge capacity of the entire pack of batteries is increased.
The electrical parameters of the power battery 11 may be collected according to management requirements, and may include, for example, total current of the power battery, total voltage of the power battery, external temperature of the power battery, and voltage of each unit battery in the power battery. The collected electrical parameters are sent to the controller 13, and the controller 13 can determine whether the power battery has voltage abnormality or other abnormal conditions according to the electrical parameters, and can give an alarm to an operator such as a driver if the power battery has voltage abnormality or other abnormal conditions.
Next, the relay module 14 will be described, and the relay module 14 includes a plurality of first relays connected between the same-position unit cells on different basic series branches in each of the battery basic modules, and a plurality of second relays connected between any two same-position unit cells in different battery basic modules. Therefore, when the first relay is closed, the single batteries at the same positions of different basic series branches in each basic battery module can be connected in parallel to achieve the purpose of balancing, and when the second relay is closed, the single batteries at the same positions in different basic battery modules can be connected in parallel to achieve the purpose of balancing. As an alternative embodiment, the first relays are, for example, (M-1) × L × N, and the second relays are, for example, (N-1) × L, so that when the first relays are closed, all the single batteries at the same position on different basic series branches in each battery basic module are connected in parallel, and when the second relays are closed, all the single batteries at the same position in different battery basic modules are connected in parallel.
The relay module 14 will be described below by taking an example in which the power battery 11 includes a battery base module 1 and a battery base module 2, the battery base module 1 includes a basic series branch a1 and a basic series branch B1, the battery base module 2 includes a basic series branch a2 and a basic series branch B2, and each basic series branch includes four single batteries. Fig. 3 is a structural diagram of a preferred example of a power battery provided in an embodiment of the present invention; fig. 4 is an electrical connection diagram of a relay module corresponding to the power cell of fig. 3. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, for the basic battery module 1, the first relay includes K0-K3, and the specific connection manner is as follows: the unit cell with the reference number 1 of the basic series branch a1 and the unit cell with the reference number 1 of the basic series branch B1 are the unit cells which are located at the same position on different basic series branches in the same basic battery module and are connected through a relay K0, … … is the unit cell with the reference number 4 of the basic series branch a1 and the unit cell with the reference number 4 of the basic series branch B1, and the unit cells which are located at the same position on different basic series branches in the same basic battery module are connected through a relay K3. As for the battery basic module 2, the first relay further includes K0 '-K3', similarly to the battery basic module 1, the unit cell numbered 1 of the basic series branch a2 and the unit cell numbered 1 of the basic series branch B2 are the unit cells located at the same position on different basic series branches in the same battery basic module as described above, and they are connected through the relay K0 ', … …, the unit cell numbered 4 of the basic series branch a2 and the unit cell numbered 4 of the basic series branch B2 are the unit cells located at the same position on different basic series branches in the same battery basic module as described above, and they are connected through the relay K3'.
Through the connection, as long as the first relays of the relay modules 14 of the controller 13 are closed, that is, K0-K3, K0 '-K3' are sequentially closed, the single batteries in different basic series branches (that is, the single batteries with the same size in the basic battery module 1) at the same position in the basic battery module 1 can be connected in parallel for equalization, and the single batteries in different basic series branches (that is, the single batteries with the same size in the basic battery module 1) at the same position in the basic battery module 2 can be connected in parallel for equalization.
And the second relay includes K4-K7, specifically, the unit cell numbered 1 of the basic series branch a1 and the unit cell numbered 1 of the basic series branch a2 are the unit cells located at the same position in the above-mentioned different battery basic modules, which are connected by the relay K4, … …, the unit cell numbered 4 of the basic series branch a1 and the unit cell numbered 4 of the basic series branch a2 are the unit cells located at the same position in the above-mentioned different battery basic modules, which are connected by the relay K7. Through the connection, as long as the second relay of the relay module 14 of the controller 13 is closed, all the unit batteries with the same number on the same series circuit 1 in the battery basic module 1 and the battery basic module 2 can be connected in parallel for equalization.
If the controller 13 controls the first relay and the second relay of the relay module 14 to be closed simultaneously, all the single batteries with the same number in the battery basic module 1 and all the single batteries with the same number in the battery basic module 2 can be connected in parallel for balancing.
In addition, the number of the first relays and the second relays of the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and the first relays and the second relays may be selected according to the actual needs of the power battery pack 11, as long as the relays are connected between the single batteries at the same positions on different basic series branches in each battery basic module, and the relays are connected between any two single batteries at the same positions in the same series circuit in different battery basic modules. Alternatively, the relay module 14 may only include the first relay, or only include the second relay, and may be changed according to the actual control requirement.
The power battery of the invention can be seen from the structure of the power supply of the whole vehicle, and is formed by connecting all basic battery modules in series, the working current in the power battery (from a main contactor to a single battery) passes through a main series circuit, and when the voltage needs to be balanced, the power battery is realized by assisting the relay modules 14 connected in parallel.
Optionally, the battery full-coverage safety monitoring system of this embodiment further includes N × M current-limiting balancing units, where each current-limiting balancing unit is correspondingly connected in each basic series branch, and the current-limiting balancing unit is located before the first single battery in the basic series branch. Corresponding to fig. 2, that is, a current-limiting balancing unit is connected in series with the positive end of the single battery with the label L of the basic series branch 1 of the basic battery module 1, … … is connected in series with a current-limiting balancing unit with the positive end of the single battery with the label L of the basic series branch M of the basic battery module 1, and other basic battery modules are connected with the basic battery module 1 in a similar manner, and the current-limiting balancing units are connected in series with the positive end of the single battery with the label L of each basic series branch, which will not be described one by one here. The current-limiting balancing unit is used for limiting the current in the balancing circuit within a certain range in the process of balancing control, so that the reliable operation of the balancing process is ensured.
Fig. 5 is a structural diagram of a preferred example of the controller according to an embodiment of the present invention, and as shown in fig. 5, as a preferred implementation, the controller 13 further includes a DC-DC converter 20 (also referred to as a DC-DC converter), and the DC-DC converter 20 is connected to each relay of the first relays, and is used for charging the single battery with the voltage lower than the first preset threshold value through the first relays. Generally, the first preset threshold is 1.1 times the cutoff voltage of the unit battery, i.e., when the voltage of the unit battery is lower than this value, it is charged through the dc-dc converter 20. In fig. 5, a connection structure of the dc-dc converter 20 and the first relay is described by taking an example that the basic series branch a in the battery basic module 1 includes four single batteries, specifically, one end of the dual-channel relay K3 is connected to the single battery with the reference number of 4 in the basic series branch a, and the other end is connected to the output port of the dc converter, and when the coil of the relay K3 is electrically conducted, the single battery with the reference number of 4 is charged through the dc-dc converter 20. Similarly, one end of the channel relay K2 is connected to the cell labeled 3 in the basic series branch a, and the other end is connected to the output port of the dc-dc converter, and one end of the … … channel relay K0 is connected to the cell labeled 1 in the basic series branch a, and the other end is connected to the output port of the dc-dc converter 20. In this way, only one of the first relays needs to be closed, and the dc-dc converter 20 can be controlled to charge the battery cell electrically connected to the relay. Here, the connection between the dc-dc converter 20 and the four single batteries included in the basic series branch a of the battery basic module 1 is only illustrated, and the connection manner for other basic series branches or other battery basic modules is similar, and thus, the description thereof is omitted.
Optionally, the controller 13 further includes a discharging load, and the discharging load is electrically connected to each relay included in the first relay, and is configured to discharge the single battery with the voltage higher than the second preset threshold through the first relay until the capacity of the battery is consistent with that of the remaining single batteries. Generally, the second preset threshold is 1.2 times of the cut-off voltage of the single battery. Of course, the first relay may not be used, and the discharge load may be connected in parallel only at both ends of each unit cell. Here, the discharge load is preferably a resistor, particularly a power resistor.
In this embodiment, the battery full-coverage safety monitoring system specifically includes: the device comprises a power battery, a data acquisition module, a relay module and a controller; the data acquisition module is used for acquiring the electrical parameters of the power battery; the data acquisition module and the relay module are electrically connected with the controller, the controller is used for sending a control signal to the relay module according to the electrical parameters acquired by the data acquisition module, and the relay module is used for carrying out balance control on the power battery according to the control signal; the power battery comprises N basic battery modules, each basic battery module comprises M basic series branches, each basic series branch comprises L single batteries which are connected in series, and N, M, L is a positive integer; the relay module comprises a plurality of first relays and a plurality of second relays, the first relays are connected between the single batteries at the same positions on different basic series branches in each basic battery module, and the second relays are connected between the single batteries at any two same positions in different basic battery modules. Therefore, when the problem of consistency difference occurs in the plurality of single batteries in the process of supplementing or releasing the electric energy of the power battery, the relay module performs balance control on the power battery according to the control signal sent by the controller, namely, the plurality of single batteries in the power battery are subjected to balance control, the consistency difference of the plurality of single batteries is eliminated, the phenomenon of over-charging or over-discharging in the use process is avoided, and the service life of the whole power battery is prolonged.
A second embodiment of the present invention provides a battery management method, which is applied to the full-coverage safety monitoring system for the battery according to the above technical solutions, and fig. 6 is a flowchart of the power battery management method provided in the second embodiment of the present invention. On the basis of the above embodiment, the battery management method includes:
s601, collecting electrical parameters of the power battery;
s602, sending a control signal to the relay module according to the electrical parameter;
s603, carrying out balance control on the power battery according to the control signal, wherein the balance control mode comprises at least one of the following modes: static natural electric quantity balance control, energy transfer balance control, passive balance control and start instant balance control.
The above-mentioned collecting of the electrical parameters of the power battery is already described in the first embodiment, and is not described herein again. The working condition of the power battery pack can be determined according to the collected electrical parameters, and whether the power battery needs to be subjected to balance control is determined according to the working condition of the power battery.
Specifically, in this embodiment, there are various manners of equalization control, including standing natural power equalization control, energy transfer equalization control, passive equalization control, and equalization control at the moment of starting. Different balancing control strategies can be adopted according to different electrical parameters of the power battery. Specifically, when the individual minority voltages of the single batteries at the same positions of different basic series branches in each battery basic module and at the same positions in different battery basic modules are inconsistent, standing natural equalization is adopted; when the single batteries at different positions in each battery basic module have inconsistent voltages, energy transfer balance is adopted; when the voltage of most of the single batteries of the whole power battery is lower than the voltage of some single batteries, the batteries need to be passively balanced, so that the voltage of the batteries is consistent with that of most of the batteries, and the problem of consistency of the battery voltage is solved; and carrying out balance control at the starting moment. The embodiment combines the four controls to realize more reliable control of the power battery.
Optionally, sending a control signal to the relay module 14 according to the electrical parameter includes: when the voltages of the single batteries at the same positions on different basic series branches in the same battery basic module are different, a first control signal is sent to the relay module 14; carrying out balance control on the power battery according to the control signal, and the method comprises the following steps: and carrying out standing natural electric quantity balance control on the power battery according to the first control signal.
Or, sending a control signal to the relay module according to the electrical parameter, comprising: when the voltages of the single batteries at the same positions on different battery basic modules are different, a second control signal is sent to the relay module; carrying out balance control on the power battery according to the control signal, and the method comprises the following steps: and carrying out standing natural electric quantity balance control on the power battery according to the second control signal.
First, the stationary natural electricity amount equalization control will be described, and the description will be given here with reference to fig. 3 and 4. When the static natural electric quantity balance control is carried out, a direct current-direct current converter, namely a DC-DC converter is not needed. The static natural power balance control between the two basic battery modules 1 and 2 is described as an example, wherein the basic battery module is composed of a basic series branch a and a basic series branch B, and each basic series branch is internally provided with 4 single batteries which are connected in series. When the voltages of the single batteries at the same positions on different basic series branches in the same basic battery module are different, a first control signal is sent to the relay module 14, and the power battery is subjected to standing natural electricity balance control according to the first control signal, specifically, when the electricity quantity between the single battery with the label of 1 of the basic series branch A1 and the single battery with the label of 1 of the basic series branch B1 is inconsistent, … …, and the electricity quantity between the single battery with the label of 4 of the basic series branch A1 and the single battery with the label of 4 of the basic series branch B1 is inconsistent, a first control signal is sent to the relay module 14 to sequentially close K0-K3, so that the batteries with the labels of 4 in different basic series branches in the basic battery module 1 are connected in parallel, … …, the batteries with the labels of 1 in different basic series branches in the basic battery module 1 are connected in parallel, equalization can thus be performed. The same applies to the battery basic module 2, and the description thereof is omitted.
Or alternatively, when the voltages of the single batteries at the same position on different battery basic modules are different, a second control signal is sent to the relay module 14; and carrying out balance control on the power battery according to the control signal, and carrying out standing natural electric quantity balance control on the power battery according to the second control signal. Specifically, when the electric quantity of the single battery with the reference number of 1 in the basic series branch a1 is inconsistent with the electric quantity of the single battery with the reference number of 1 in the basic series branch a2, … …, and when the electric quantity of the single battery with the reference number of 4 in the basic series branch a1 is inconsistent with the electric quantity of the single battery with the reference number of 4 in the basic series branch a2, a second control signal is sent to the relay module 14, so that K4-K7 are sequentially closed, and thus, the batteries with the reference numbers of 4, which are located on the same series circuit and at the same position in the battery basic module 1 and the battery basic module 2, are connected in parallel, and the batteries with the reference numbers of 1, … …, are connected in parallel.
Of course, if the voltage of the single batteries at the same position on different basic series branches in the same basic battery module and the voltage of the single batteries at the same position on different basic battery modules are to be equalized at the same time, a first control signal and a second control signal need to be sent to the relay module 14 at the same time, and the relay module 14 executes the first control signal and the second control signal in sequence to perform the static natural electric quantity equalization control on the power battery.
It should be noted that, when the stationary natural power balance control is performed, the contactors K1 and K2 are prohibited from being closed, and the power battery does not output electric energy. The stationary natural power balance control is described by taking the power battery and the relay module illustrated in fig. 3 and 4 as an example, but the embodiment is not limited thereto, and may be applied to the power battery including N battery basic modules as illustrated in fig. 2, where each battery basic module includes M basic series branches, each basic series branch includes L single batteries connected in series with each other, and N, M, L is a positive integer, and the working process is similar, and is not described herein again.
Optionally, the sending the control signal to the relay module according to the electrical parameter includes: when the voltage of the first single battery is higher than the voltages of the basic battery module and other single batteries in the basic series branch by a second preset threshold value, a third control signal is sent to the relay module; and performing passive balance control on the power battery according to a third control signal. In a specific implementation, as described in the above-mentioned full-coverage safety monitoring system for a battery, a first battery cell whose voltage exceeds a second preset threshold may be discharged through a discharge load electrically connected to each relay in the first relays until the first battery cell and the remaining battery cells reach a capacity consistent. Of course, the first relay may not be used, and the discharging load may be connected in parallel only at both ends of the first unit cell to perform the passive balancing control.
Optionally, when the power battery is not used for a long time, or after the balance of natural electric quantity is finished when the power battery stands still, or under other conditions, the difference of electric quantity among the single batteries is large, the power battery needs to perform energy transfer balance control. The energy transfer balance control is to realize the balance of electric quantity among the single batteries at different positions in the same basic series branch in the same basic battery module. The energy transfer equalization control is described below with reference to fig. 5, taking the example of equalizing the electric quantities of the single batteries in the basic series branch a as an example, assuming that the electric quantities of the single batteries numbered 4 and the single batteries numbered 3 in the basic series branch a are not fully charged, and the voltage is smaller than a first preset threshold value, the voltage of the basic battery module is connected to the input end of the DC-DC converter, the dual-channel relay K3 is connected to the output port of the DC-DC converter, when the coil of the relay K3 is electrically connected, the single batteries numbered 4 are charged through the DC-DC converter, after the single batteries numbered 4 are fully charged, the relay K3 is disconnected, the relay K2 is connected, the single batteries numbered 3 are charged through the DC-DC converter, and after the operations are sequentially circulated until the capacities of all the single batteries are consistent. In this way, only one of the first relays needs to be closed, and the dc-dc converter 20 can be controlled to charge the battery cell electrically connected to the relay. Here, the connection between the dc-dc converter 20 and the four single batteries included in the basic series branch a of the battery basic module 1 is only illustrated, and the charging manner for other basic series branches or other battery basic modules is similar, and thus is not described herein again.
Optionally, the power battery may be subjected to balancing control at the starting moment, in the series circuit M of the power battery series circuit 1, … …, L × N single batteries are respectively connected in series, but a large voltage difference, for example, several volts or even tens of volts, exists between the series circuits due to a certain difference in voltage of the single batteries, and the voltage difference may cause a phenomenon of sparking at the starting moment of the power battery. To avoid this, the equalization control at the starting moment is performed. Taking the example shown in fig. 2 that includes N basic battery modules, each basic battery module includes M basic series branches, each basic series branch includes L single batteries connected in series with each other, and N, M, L is a positive integer, when the main contactor K is not closed, all relays of the first relay included in the relay module 14 are closed, so that the single batteries located in the same basic battery module and at the same position on different basic series branches are all connected in parallel, so that the total voltage at both ends of each series circuit 1 … … series circuit M is consistent, and the ignition problem at the moment of starting is effectively suppressed. After equalization at the moment of start-up, the main relay is closed again, the build-up of the high voltage can be completed, and the relay module 14 is then controlled to open the first relay.
Specifically, when the controller sends a high voltage establishment instruction, the first relay in the relay module 14 starts to be closed, then the main relay K and the auxiliary contactors in each series circuit are closed, and after the closing is completed, the first relay of the relay module 14 is opened, so that the high voltage establishment of the whole power battery is completed. When the controller 13 finds that a certain data has a problem (for example, the voltage of a single battery is too low, an insulation monitoring alarm or a traffic accident occurs during operation, etc.), the main contactor and the auxiliary contactor can be prohibited from being closed or the main contactor and the auxiliary contactor can be opened instantly, so that the high-voltage state of the whole power battery is disconnected, the safe low-voltage state of the power battery is realized, and unnecessary secondary damage is avoided.
In this embodiment, the battery management method is applied to the full-coverage safety monitoring system for the battery according to each technical scheme in the above embodiments, and the method includes: collecting electrical parameters of a power battery; sending a control signal to the relay module according to the electrical parameter; and carrying out balance control on the power battery according to the control signal, wherein the balance control mode comprises at least one of the following modes: static natural electric quantity balance control, energy transfer balance control, passive balance control and start instant balance control. Therefore, when the consistency difference occurs in the plurality of single batteries in the process of supplementing or releasing the electric energy of the power battery, the power battery can be subjected to at least one of standing natural electric quantity balance control, energy transfer balance control, passive balance control and balance control at the moment of starting according to the real-time running condition of the power battery reflected in the electric parameters, namely, the plurality of single batteries in the power battery are subjected to balance control, the consistency difference of the plurality of single batteries is eliminated, the phenomenon of overcharge or overdischarge in the using process is avoided, and the service life of the whole power battery is prolonged.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A full-coverage battery safety monitoring system, comprising: the device comprises a power battery, a data acquisition module, a relay module and a controller;
the data acquisition module is used for acquiring the electrical parameters of the power battery; the data acquisition module and the relay module are both electrically connected with the controller, the controller is used for sending a control signal to the relay module according to the electrical parameter acquired by the data acquisition module, and the relay module is used for carrying out balance control on the power battery according to the control signal;
the power battery comprises N basic battery modules, each basic battery module comprises M basic series branches, each basic series branch comprises L single batteries which are connected in series, and N, M, L is a positive integer;
the relay module comprises a plurality of first relays and a plurality of second relays, the first relays are connected between the single batteries at the same positions on different basic series branches in each battery basic module, and the second relays are connected between any two single batteries at the same positions in different battery basic modules;
the current limiting balancing unit is connected in each basic series branch correspondingly, and is arranged in front of the first single battery in the basic series branch;
the controller also comprises a discharging load, the discharging load is connected with each first relay and is used for discharging the single batteries with the voltage higher than a second preset threshold value through the first relays; the discharge load is a resistor;
the electrical parameters of the power battery comprise the total current of the power battery, the total voltage of the power battery, the external temperature of the power battery and the voltage of each single battery in the power battery.
2. The system as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a dc-dc converter connected to each of the first relays for charging the single battery with a voltage lower than a first predetermined threshold through the first relay.
3. A battery management method applied to the full-coverage safety monitoring system of the battery as claimed in claim 1 or 2, the method comprising:
collecting the electrical parameters of the power battery;
sending a control signal to a relay module according to the electrical parameter;
and carrying out balance control on the power battery according to the control signal, wherein the balance control mode comprises at least one of the following modes: standing natural electric quantity balance control, energy transfer balance control, passive balance control and balance control at the moment of starting;
said sending a control signal to a relay module according to said electrical parameter comprises:
when the voltage of the first single battery is higher than the voltages of the basic battery module and other single batteries in the basic series branch by a second preset threshold value, the third control signal is sent to the relay module;
the balancing control of the power battery according to the control signal comprises:
and performing passive balance control on the power battery according to the third control signal.
4. The battery management method of claim 3, wherein said sending a control signal to a relay module based on said electrical parameter comprises:
when the voltages of the single batteries at the same positions on different basic series branches in the same basic battery module are different, a first control signal is sent to the relay module;
the balancing control of the power battery according to the control signal comprises:
and carrying out standing natural electric quantity balance control on the power battery according to the first control signal.
5. The battery management method of claim 3, wherein said sending a control signal to a relay module based on said electrical parameter comprises:
when the voltages of the single batteries at the same positions on different battery basic modules are different, a second control signal is sent to the relay module;
the balancing control of the power battery according to the control signal comprises:
and carrying out standing natural electric quantity balance control on the power battery according to the second control signal.
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| CN102801191A (en) * | 2012-06-30 | 2012-11-28 | 珠海市鹏辉电池有限公司 | Lithium-ion battery pack balancing method and system |
| CN105811531B (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2018-07-13 | 芯创力源（北京）科技发展有限公司 | Novel power battery is health management system arranged |
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