CN109324498A - A kind of atomic state state selection system of hydrogen atomic clock - Google Patents
A kind of atomic state state selection system of hydrogen atomic clock Download PDFInfo
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- CN109324498A CN109324498A CN201811155619.4A CN201811155619A CN109324498A CN 109324498 A CN109324498 A CN 109324498A CN 201811155619 A CN201811155619 A CN 201811155619A CN 109324498 A CN109324498 A CN 109324498A
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- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04F—TIME-INTERVAL MEASURING
- G04F5/00—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards
- G04F5/14—Apparatus for producing preselected time intervals for use as timing standards using atomic clocks
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of atomic state state selection system of hydrogen atomic clock, including collimator, the first state selection magnet, atom population transfer device, the second state selection magnet and the atom storage bubble being sequentially arranged on a trunnion axis；Atom population transfer device includes a magnetic shield, one end of neighbouring first state selection magnet and one end of neighbouring second state selection magnet are respectively equipped with that size is identical and the first Helmholtz coil and the second Helmholtz coil of central axis and the horizontal overlapping of axles inside the magnetic shield, with the electric current that size is identical and flow direction is opposite on the first Helmholtz coil and the second Helmholtz coil.The present invention uses two state selection devices and an atom population transfer device, realize the singlet selection of hydrogen atom, to avoid the collision relaxation for increasing effective atom, to pass through the purity for improving the atom storage for entering hydrogen atomic clock and steeping interior atom line, the self-oscillatory frequency stability of hydrogen atomic clock is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to atomic clock fields, and in particular to a kind of atomic state state selection system of hydrogen atomic clock.
Background technique
Start within Shanghai Observatory 1970 to develop hydrogen atomic clock, succeeds in developing within 1987 practical engineering hydrogen atomic clock.
No matter theoretically or engineering reliability is with upper all highly developed be developed so far, however with external similar product phase
Than in index or there are the gaps of a magnitude.
Disclosed hydrogen atomic clock mainly passes through the processing technology of vacuum environment, temperature controlled precision side in the world at present
The optimization design in face realizes higher index, and not yet someone is mentioned by improving hydrogen atomic clock single choice state atomic state technology of preparing
High target.
The transition of hydrogen atomic clock is Ground State of Hydrogen Atom hyperfine magnetic sublevel (F=1, mF=0) with (F=0, mF=0) between
Magnetic dipole transition (F be ground state hydrogen atom angular-momentum quantum number, mFFor magnetic quantum number).Since under field conditions (factors), hydrogen atom cannot
Stable presence, it is therefore desirable to prepare the hydrogen atom of the hyperfine magnetic sublevel of specific Ground State of Hydrogen Atom for the jump of hydrogen atomic clock
Move use.Since hydrogen atomic oscillator is using hyperfine ground state (F=1, mF=0) (F=0, m are arrivedF=0) transition of state, only
There are (F=1, mF=0) the atom pair maser oscillation of state is worked, therefore referred to as hydrogen atomic clock atomic state, and former entering hydrogen
The other three magnetic sublevel atom of the ground state of son storage bubble can then cause the spin-exchange relaxation and output signal that radiate atom
Frequency displacement.Hydrogen atomic clock atomic state (i.e. (F=1, the m preparedF=0) state) purity it is higher, the magnitude of hydrogen atomic clock is got over
It is high.
The principle of the atomic state state selection system of existing hydrogen atomic clock is as follows: hydrogen molecule is introduced into ionization bubble and by high frequency
Ionization is hydrogen atom, (F=1, mF=1,0) hydrogen atom of state is focused by magnetic separation state device and enters atom storage bubble [He Ke
It is bright, " key technology research of active hydrogen clock miniaturization is realized using Dielectric-loaded resonator ", Chinese Academy of Sciences University Ph.D
Academic dissertation, 2017].
It is as shown in Figure 1 the specific structure of the atomic state state selection system of existing hydrogen atomic clock comprising collimator 101,
Magnetic separation state device 102 and atom storage bubble 103.Illustrate the working principle of the atomic state state selection system of the hydrogen atomic clock below.
As shown in Figure 1, (F=1, mF=0) atom of energy level flight trajectory [Xie Yonghui along figure in state selection region
Deng " the atom collimation of passive-type hydrogen atomic clock and state selection research ", national time frequency nd Annual Meeting collection in 2009].Collimator
The 101 atom jet streams projected need to carry out state selection by magnetic separation state device 102, and the low-lying level atom unrelated with transition is deflected away from axis
The heart will participate in (F=1, the m of transitionF=0) level atom convergence enters atom storage bubble 103.
Magnetic separation state device 102 is a quadrupole electromagnet, and the magnetic field strength H that certain is put inside the level Four magnet is as shown in Figure 1, be edge
Section is in linear variation, i.e.,
H=H0r/r0
Wherein H0For the magnetic field strength at the magnetic pole of magnetic separation state device 102, r0For the magnetic separation state zone radius of magnetic separation state device 102,
R is certain distance of point apart from 102 central axis of magnetic separation state device of 102 inside of magnetic separation state device.
Magnetic field intensity gradient in state selection region are as follows:
So this gradient is constant, the magnetic deflection power as suffered by atom is
μ is the Effect magnetic moment of atom, so deflecting force of the atom in state selection region is constant.The atom of lower state is effective
Magnetic moment is positive number, is deflected outward power by constant always in state selection region, (F=1, mF=0) level atom is effective
Magnetic moment is-μ B, always by the constant power that deflects inward, deflecting force size in state selection region are as follows:
F=μ BH0/r0,
So (F=1, mF=0) level atom can deflect in state selection region in flight course to axis.
But the shortcomings that prior art is exactly not reject (F=1, the m invalid in hydrogen atomic clock transitionF=1) state is former
Son, and invalid state atom enters the collision that after storage bubble spin exohange collision can occurs with effective atom and increase effective atom and speeds
Henan, and the frequency displacement of spin exohange collision is increased, and then directly affect the self-oscillatory frequency stability of hydrogen atomic clock.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of that present invention to provide a kind of atomic state state selection systems of hydrogen atomic clock, to realize the singlet choosing of hydrogen atom
It selects, reduces the collision relaxation that interior hydrogen atom is steeped in atom storage,
To achieve the goals above, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
The present invention provides a kind of atomic state state selection system of hydrogen atomic clock, including the collimation being sequentially arranged on a trunnion axis
Device, state selection device and atom storage bubble, the state selection device includes the first state selection magnet being sequentially arranged on the trunnion axis, original
Sub- population transfer device and the second state selection magnet, the atom population transfer device includes a magnetic shield, in the magnetic screen
One end of neighbouring first state selection magnet and one end of neighbouring second state selection magnet are respectively equipped with that size is identical and central axis inside device
The first Helmholtz coil and the second Helmholtz coil of line and the horizontal overlapping of axles, first Helmholtz coil and
There is the electric current that size is identical and flow direction is opposite on second Helmholtz coil.
The magnetic shield is box-like, and the position of magnetic shield both ends face the first state selection magnet and the second state selection magnet
It is respectively equipped with two through-holes.
Atomic source is installed in the collimator.
The first state selection magnet is consistent with the structure of the second state selection magnet and symmetrical relative to atom population transfer device
Arrangement.
The first state selection magnet and the second state selection magnet are six pole magnet or level Four magnet.
The diameter of first Helmholtz coil and the second Helmholtz coil is 20~30 millimeters, and the number of turns is
100 circles, and between the two away between 90~100 millimeters.
The size of the electric current is 40mA.
The atomic state state selection system of hydrogen atomic clock of the invention is in order to avoid invalid in hydrogen atomic clock transition in the prior art
(F=1, mF=1) state atom enters atom storage bubble, using two state selection devices and an atom population transfer device, makes
Obtain (F=1, mF=1) state atom can be such as (F=1, mF=-1) state atom passes through state selection magnet like that and deflects, and realizes hydrogen original
The singlet selection of son, to avoid the collision relaxation for increasing effective atom, to be stored by the atom that improvement enters hydrogen atomic clock
The purity of atom line, improves the self-oscillatory frequency stability of hydrogen atomic clock in steeping.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is (F=1, mF=0) flight path schematic diagram of the level atom in state selection region.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of the clock atomic state state selection system of hydrogen atom according to an embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the atom population transfer device of the clock atomic state state selection system of hydrogen atom as shown in Figure 2
Figure.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail combined with specific embodiments below.
It is illustrated in figure 2 the atomic state state selection system of hydrogen atomic clock according to an embodiment of the invention comprising
Collimator 1, state selection device 2 and the atom storage bubble 3 being sequentially arranged on one trunnion axis, wherein be equipped with original in the collimator 1
Component, state selection device 2 include the first state selection magnet 21 being sequentially arranged on the trunnion axis, atom population transfer device 23 and
Two state selection magnet 22, the first state selection magnet 21 are consistent with the structure of the second state selection magnet 22 and relative to atom population transfer device
23 are arranged symmetrically, and are in the present embodiment six pole magnet, in addition it is also possible to be substituted using level Four magnet.
Atom population transfer device 23 uses existing Majorana method [Aleynikov M.S., Boyko A.I.On
the single-state selection for H-maser and its signal application for
Fountain atomic standard], the atom population transfer device 23 that Majorana method is realized is as shown in figure 3, in figure
" point " represents coil current unidirectionally outwardly, "×" represents the vertical paper of current direction inwardly to vertical paper in coil.
The atom population transfer device 23 includes a magnetic shield 231, to avoid the interference of external magnetic field, the magnetic screen
Device 231 be it is box-like, the position of 231 the first state selection of both ends face magnet 21 of magnetic shield and the second state selection magnet 22 is respectively equipped with two
A through-hole 2311, to form the channel passed through for hydrogen atom.The neighbouring first state selection magnet 21 in 231 inside of magnetic shield
One end and one end of neighbouring second state selection magnet 22 be respectively equipped with identical size and central axis and the horizontal overlapping of axles the
One Helmholtz coil 232 and the second Helmholtz coil 233.First Helmholtz coil 232 and second Helmholtz's line
The diameter of circle 233 is 20~30 millimeters, and the number of turns is 100 circles, and the spacing of the two is between 90~100 millimeters.This first
Helmholtz coil 232 has the electric current that size is identical and flow direction is opposite, size of current with the second Helmholtz coil 233
About 40mA, to collectively constitute one group of reversed Helmholtz coil to provide non-uniform magnetic field.Hydrogen atom is by uneven
Field region, hyperfine energy level divide, according to Majorana formula, when atom passes through the zero of resultant field,Majorana transition be excited, atom occur completely from conpound salto
Turn, changes (F=1, mF=1) atom of state is to (F=1, mF=-1) state.
Illustrate the working principle of the invention below with reference to Fig. 2.First state selection magnet 21, atom population transfer device 23,
Two state selection magnet 22 constitute a state selection device 2, and stateful hydrogen atom collimator 1 injects the first state selection magnet after collimating
In 21, the first state selection magnet 21 is set as making (F=1, mF=-1) state and (F=0, mF=0) atom is incident in the atom deviation of state
The outside of population transfer device 23, and by (F=1, mF=1) state and (F=1, mF=0) atom focusing of state turns to atom population
On moving device 23.Atom population transfer device 23 is set as (F=1, mF=1) atom population of state is transferred to (F=1, mF=-
1) atom of state, so that this part of atoms is deflected when through second state selection magnet 22 and only allows (F=1, mF=
0) atom of state enters atom storage bubble.The atomic state state selection system of hydrogen atomic clock of the invention realizes hydrogen atom as a result,
Singlet selection, reduce atom storage steep in hydrogen atom spin exohange collision relaxation, only physically do this
It improves, will be expected to significantly promote the long-term stability of active hydrogen clock.Analyzed from design principle, device can obtain compared with
Good state selection effect, 80% (F=1, mF=1) state atom is deflected, and long-term stability can be improved 30% or so.
Above-described, only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, the range being not intended to limit the invention, of the invention is upper
Stating embodiment can also make a variety of changes.Made by i.e. all claims applied according to the present invention and description
Simply, equivalent changes and modifications fall within the claims of the invention patent.The not detailed description of the present invention is
Routine techniques content.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of atomic state state selection system of hydrogen atomic clock, including be sequentially arranged on a trunnion axis collimator (1), state selection dress
Set (2) and atom storage bubble (3), which is characterized in that the state selection device (2) includes first be sequentially arranged on the trunnion axis
State selection magnet (21), atom population transfer device (23) and the second state selection magnet (22), the atom population transfer device (23)
Including a magnetic shield (231), in one end of the internal neighbouring first state selection magnet (21) of the magnetic shield (231) and neighbouring the
One end of two state selection magnet (22) is respectively equipped with that size is identical and the first Helmholtz of central axis and the horizontal overlapping of axles
Coil (232) and the second Helmholtz coil (233), first Helmholtz coil (232) and the second Helmholtz coil
(233) there is the electric current that size is identical and flow direction is opposite on.
2. the atomic state state selection system of hydrogen atomic clock according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the magnetic shield
It (231) is box-like, and the position of magnetic shield (231) both ends face the first state selection magnet (21) and the second state selection magnet (22) is divided
There are two not setting through-hole (2311).
3. the atomic state state selection system of hydrogen atomic clock according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the collimator (1)
Atomic source is installed.
4. the atomic state state selection system of hydrogen atomic clock according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the first state selection magnet
(21) consistent with the structure of the second state selection magnet (22) and be arranged symmetrically relative to atom population transfer device (23).
5. the atomic state state selection system of hydrogen atomic clock according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the first state selection magnet
(21) and the second state selection magnet (22) is six pole magnet or level Four magnet.
6. the atomic state state selection system of hydrogen atomic clock according to claim 1, which is characterized in that first Helmholtz
The diameter of coil (232) and the second Helmholtz coil (233) is 20~30 millimeters, and the number of turns is 100 circles, and between the two away from
Between 90~100 millimeters.
7. the atomic state state selection system of hydrogen atomic clock according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the size of the electric current is
40mA。
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| CN201811155619.4A CN109324498A (en) | 2018-09-30 | 2018-09-30 | A kind of atomic state state selection system of hydrogen atomic clock |
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| CN201811155619.4A CN109324498A (en) | 2018-09-30 | 2018-09-30 | A kind of atomic state state selection system of hydrogen atomic clock |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110190848A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-08-30 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | A kind of double state selection devices of Hydrogen Atom Frequency Standard |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101409556A (en) * | 2007-10-11 | 2009-04-15 | 中国科学院上海天文台 | Control method and control circuit for passive hydrogen clock |
| CN203893940U (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-10-22 | 江汉大学 | Optical-radiation magnetic moment state selection device |
| CN104409130A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-11 | 江汉大学 | Device for separating high-energy-state hydrogen atoms from low-energy-state hydrogen atoms |
-
2018
- 2018-09-30 CN CN201811155619.4A patent/CN109324498A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101409556A (en) * | 2007-10-11 | 2009-04-15 | 中国科学院上海天文台 | Control method and control circuit for passive hydrogen clock |
| CN203893940U (en) * | 2014-04-15 | 2014-10-22 | 江汉大学 | Optical-radiation magnetic moment state selection device |
| CN104409130A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-11 | 江汉大学 | Device for separating high-energy-state hydrogen atoms from low-energy-state hydrogen atoms |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| ALENIKOV M.S.等: "on the single-state selection for H-maser and its signal application for fountain atomic standard", 《2014EFTF》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110190848A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-08-30 | 北京无线电计量测试研究所 | A kind of double state selection devices of Hydrogen Atom Frequency Standard |
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Application publication date: 20190212 |