CN109312484A - Device and system for vertical electrolytic cell - Google Patents
Device and system for vertical electrolytic cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN109312484A CN109312484A CN201780034095.0A CN201780034095A CN109312484A CN 109312484 A CN109312484 A CN 109312484A CN 201780034095 A CN201780034095 A CN 201780034095A CN 109312484 A CN109312484 A CN 109312484A
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- cathode
- pin
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- holder
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910033181 TiB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N B#[Ti]#B Chemical compound B#[Ti]#B QYEXBYZXHDUPRC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LRTTZMZPZHBOPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [B].[B].[Hf] Chemical compound [B].[B].[Hf] LRTTZMZPZHBOPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K Aluminium flouride Chemical compound F[Al](F)F KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003862 HfB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910007948 ZrB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009969 flowable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052755 nonmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002250 progressing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
- C25C3/10—External supporting frames or structures
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes
- C25C3/12—Anodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/005—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells of cells for the electrolysis of melts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
In one embodiment, disclosed theme is related to a kind of electrolytic cell, includes battery storage device；The cathode holder being maintained on the bottom of battery storage device, wherein cathode holder in battery storage device metal gasket and at least one of molten electrolyte bath contact, wherein cathode holder includes main body, and the main body has the support bottom for being configured to be connected to the bottom of electrolytic cell；The branch support opposite with support bottom, the branch support have cathode attachment area, which is configured to keep at least one cathode plate wherein.
Description
Cross reference to related applications
The application is the non-provisional special of the U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 62/315,414 submitted on March 30th, 2016
Benefit application, and advocate its priority, entire contents are incorporated by reference into herein.
Technical field
In summary, the present invention relates to a kind of vertical cell electrode assemblies, and wherein anode and cathode is all configured to vertically hand over
For construction (vertical, alternating parallel configuration) in parallel.More particularly it relates to
A kind of vertical cell electrode assemblies comprising cathode support members/means, the cathode support members/means are configured to base
Cathode is maintained in battery bottom by this vertical construction.
Background technique
Commercial Hall battery has two-dimensional structure, and wherein the bottom of battery is carbon block (such as graphite) and anode from top
Increase/decrease, so that aluminium generates (such as lowermost part and cathode by anode-cathode distance or anode along single plane
Gap between topmost portion limits).
Summary of the invention
In summary, the present invention relates to a kind of vertical cell electrode assemblies, and wherein anode and cathode is all configured to vertically hand over
For construction in parallel.More particularly it relates to a kind of vertical cell electrode assemblies comprising be configured to substantially vertical
Construct cathode support members/means cathode being maintained in battery bottom.Each inventive aspect mentioned above can carry out
It is combined to produce electrolytic cell, cathode holder and the method that aluminium is manufactured in the electrolytic cell with vertical battery structure.The present invention
These and other aspects, advantage and novel features illustrate in the following description, and by research be described below
Those skilled in the art will become obvious with attached drawing, or can be learnt by practicing the present invention.
Disclosed theme is related to a kind of electrolytic cell, includes battery storage device；It is maintained on the bottom of battery storage device
Cathode holder, wherein cathode holder contact battery storage device in metal gasket and molten electrolyte bath at least it
One, wherein cathode holder includes: main body, and the main body has the support bottom for being configured to be connected to the bottom of electrolytic cell；With
The branch support opposite with support bottom, branch support have cathode attachment area, and cathode attachment area is configured to protect wherein
Hold at least one cathode plate.
In another embodiment, the cathode attachment area of cathode holder includes: on the upper surface of cathode holder
Surface groove, further groove are configured as enough depth to keep one at least one cathode plate.
In another embodiment, the cathode attachment area of cathode holder includes: a beam more than first comprising is formed in
One or more grooves more than first in the surface of a beam, wherein one or more grooves are configured to keep at least one cathode
Plate；And more than second a beams of more than first a beams of connection.
In another embodiment, at least one cathode plate in cathode attachment area is configured so that the first cathode plate
The edge of EDGE CONTACT cathode plate opposite with the first cathode plate on either side.
In another embodiment, cathode holder includes multiple pins, wherein each pin has at the top of pin bottom and pin.
In another embodiment, each pin bottom is kept by the corresponding opening in cathode holder.
In another embodiment, multiple pins are configured to support at least one yin in vertical configuration in spaced relation
One in pole plate.
In another embodiment, multiple pins include first group of pin and second group of pin.
In another embodiment, the pin bottom of first group of pin is arranged on cathode holder with linear configuration, and the
The pin bottom of two groups of pins is arranged on cathode holder with linear configuration.
In another embodiment, the linear configuration of the pin bottom of first group of pin is parallel to the line of the pin bottom of second group of pin
Property configuration.
In another embodiment, pin top is configured to support nonplanar cathode plate with vertical configuration.
In another embodiment, first group of pin and second group of pin respectively include the first pin and the second pin, and the first pin has
At the top of pin with first shape, and the second pin has at the top of the pin with the second shape.
In another embodiment, first shape is different from the second shape.
In another embodiment, there is first diameter at the top of the pin of the first pin, and have the at the top of the pin of the second pin
Two diameters.
In another embodiment, first diameter is different from second diameter.
In another embodiment, the first pin and the second pin have the pin bottom for first diameter, and wherein the first pin
Have at the top of the pin for second diameter with the second pin.
In another embodiment, first diameter is different from second diameter.
In another embodiment, pin top has laterally asymmetrical shape.
In another embodiment, pin includes titanium diboride.
In another embodiment, modified radius at the top of the pin of at least one of multiple pins pin.
In another embodiment, at least one pin rotation with varied radius, until realizing at least one pin and yin
Required gap between pole plate.
In another embodiment, pin bottom is embedded into cathode holder, and selling top includes two pins, wherein
One at least one cathode plate is located between two pins.
In another embodiment, cathode plate includes multiple cathode plates.
In another embodiment, at least two cathode plates are mechanically interlocked.
In another embodiment, each cathode plate includes being configured to and adjacent cathode plate mechanically interlocking side
Edge.
In another embodiment, the side edge of the first cathode plate is spill and is configured to and adjacent cathode plate
The interlocking of convex side edge.
In another embodiment, the edge of cathode plate has hole, is mechanically interlocked cathode plate with receiving
Pin.
In another embodiment, the cathode plate being supported on opposite edge by cathode interlocked plate includes crack.
In another embodiment, cathode plate is supported by adjacent cathode plate, without being mounted to cathode holder.
In another embodiment, flow path is formed between cathode holder and cathode plate.
In another embodiment, by electrochemical reduction oxidation aluminium produce aluminum metal method include: (a) make anode and
Electric current between cathode is by the electrolyte bath of electrolytic cell, and battery includes: (i) battery storage device, and (ii) is maintained at battery storage
Cathode holder on the bottom of device, wherein in the metal gasket and molten electrolyte bath in cathode holder and battery storage device
At least one contact, wherein cathode holder includes main body, and main body has the support for being configured as being connected to the bottom of electrolytic cell
Bottom；And the branch support opposite with support bottom, the branch support have cathode attachment area, the cathode attachment area
It is configured to keep at least one cathode plate wherein；And it will (b) feed in electrolytic cell.
In another embodiment, feed electrolysis is reduced into metallic product.
In another embodiment, by metallic product from cathode exhaust to battery bottom to form metal gasket.
Disclosed theme is related to a kind of electrolytic cell, comprising: battery storage device；It is maintained on the bottom of battery storage device
Cathode holder；The cathode plate being maintained on cathode holder, wherein cathode plate, which has, is configured to and adjacent cathode plate machinery
The interlocking edge in ground.
In another embodiment, cathode plate has top edge, opposite bottom margin, first side edge and second side
Edge, wherein first side edge is configured to mechanically interlock with the side edge of the first adjacent cathode plate, and wherein second side
Edge is configured to mechanically interlock with the side edge of the second adjacent cathode plate.
In another embodiment, first side edge and second side edge are sloping edges, with the first adjacent cathode plate
Corresponding angled side edge and the corresponding angled side edge of the second adjacent cathode plate mechanically interlock.
In another embodiment, cathode plate is supported on cathode support by the first adjacent cathode plate and the second adjacent cathode plate
Above part.
In another embodiment, the first side edge and second side edge of cathode plate are convexs, and first is adjacent
The corresponding side edge of cathode plate and the corresponding angled side edge of the second adjacent cathode plate are spills.
In another embodiment, cathode plate is formed by the array of cathode piece, wherein each cathode piece and adjacent
The interlocking of cathode piece.
In another embodiment, each cathode piece is hexagon.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the partial sectional schematic side view of the electrolytic cell of embodiment according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the cross section of the cathode attachment area of the cathode holder of embodiment according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the top view of the cathode holder shown in Figure 2 of embodiment according to the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the top view of the pin of the cathode in the support cathode block of embodiment according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the front view of embodiment shown in Fig. 4.
Fig. 6 is the perspective view of the pin of embodiment according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the top view of the pin of the cathode in the support cathode block of embodiment according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is the front view of embodiment shown in Fig. 7.
Fig. 9 is the side view of embodiment shown in Fig. 7 and 8.
Figure 10 is the perspective view of embodiment shown in Fig. 7,8 and 9.
Figure 11 is the cross section for the pin that the support of embodiment according to the present invention is embedded in the cathode in cathode block.
Figure 12 is the top view of cathode block shown in fig. 8.
Figure 13 is the top view of the pin of the cathode in the support cathode block of embodiment according to the present invention.
Figure 14 is the cross-sectional view of the line A-A along embodiment shown in Figure 13.
Figure 15 is the front view of embodiment shown in Figure 13.
Figure 16 is the top view of the pin of the cathode in the support cathode block of embodiment according to the present invention.
Figure 17 is the cross-sectional view of the line A-A along embodiment shown in Figure 16.
Figure 18 is the front view of embodiment shown in Figure 16.
Figure 19-24 shows the example of the shape of the pin of embodiment according to the present invention.
Figure 25 is the top view of the pin of the cathode in the support cathode block of embodiment according to the present invention.
Figure 26 is one perspective view in pin shown in Figure 25.
Figure 27 is the front view of embodiment shown in Figure 25.
Figure 28 is the side view of embodiment shown in Figure 25 and 27.
Figure 29 is the perspective view of embodiment shown in Figure 25,27 and 28.
Figure 30 and 31 is shown can be with the front view and perspective view for the pin that embodiment according to the present invention uses.
Figure 32-35 shows the different views for another pin that can be used with embodiment according to the present invention.
Figure 36-41 shows the different views for another pin that can be used with embodiment according to the present invention.
Figure 42 shows the cathode holder of embodiment according to the present invention.
Figure 43 is the partial front cross-sectional view into the cathode of the cathode holder of Figure 42.
Figure 44 shows the bottom perspective view of cathode shown in Figure 43.
Figure 45 is the front view of three interlocking cathode plates of embodiment according to the present invention.
Figure 46 is the perspective view of embodiment shown in Figure 45.
Figure 47 is the enlarged view of the region A of Figure 46.
Figure 48 shows the yin of embodiment according to the present invention formed by the array of cathode piece (cathode tile)
Pole.
Figure 49 shows another implementation for the cathode of embodiment according to the present invention formed by the array of cathode piece
Example.
Figure 50 shows the another of the cathode that is formed of array of the cathode piece by pin support of embodiment according to the present invention
One embodiment.
The cathode that the array that Figure 51 shows the cathode piece by groove support of embodiment according to the present invention is formed
Another embodiment.
Although various embodiments of the present invention are described in detail, it will be evident that those skilled in the art
It will expect the modification and improvement project of those embodiments.It is to be expressly understood, however, that these modifications and improvement side
Case would be within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
As used herein, " electrolysis " refer to by make electric current by material cause chemical reaction any process.One
Electrolysis occurs in a little embodiments, in the case where a kind of metal is restored in electrolytic cell to generate metallic product.What is be electrolysed is some non-
Limitative examples include primary metal production.Some non-limiting examples of primary metal include: aluminium, nickel etc..
As used herein, " electrolytic cell " refers to the equipment for generating electrolysis.In some embodiments, electrolytic cell includes molten
Refine crucible or a series of smelting furnaces (such as multiple crucibles).In a non-limiting example, electrolytic cell is furnished with electrode, serves as
Conductor, electric current enter by the conductor or leave nonmetal medium (such as electrolyte bath (electrolyte bath)).
As used herein, " electrode " refers to positively charged electrode (such as anode) or electronegative electrode (such as cathode).
As used herein, " anode " refers to positive electrode (or terminal), and electric current enters electricity by the positive electrode (or terminal)
Xie Chi.In some embodiments, anode is constructed from a material that be electrically conducting.In some embodiments, anode includes carbon anodes (carbon
anode).In some embodiments, anode includes inert anode.As used herein, " anode assemblies " include connecting with supporting element
One or more anodes.In some embodiments, anode assemblies include: anode, supporting element (such as Refractory blocks and other resistance to baths
Material) and electrical bus structure (electrical bus work).
As used herein, " supporting element " refers to the component for being held in place another object.In one embodiment
In, the material for the erosion that supporting element is bathed by resistance corrosivity is constituted.
As used herein, " cathode " refers to that negative electrode or terminal, electric current leave electrolytic cell by the negative electrode or terminal
Negative electrode or terminal.In some embodiments, cathode is constructed from a material that be electrically conducting.Some non-limiting example packets of cathode material
It includes: carbon, cermet, ceramic material, metal material and combinations thereof.In one embodiment, cathode is by transition metal boride
Compound (such as TiB2) constitute.In some embodiments, cathode is electrically connected by the bottom of battery (for example, current collecting bar
And electric bus).In some embodiments, cathode includes tool there are two the main body in the face of opposite general plane and around two
The periphery edge (such as flat or circular) of plane.In some embodiments, cathode includes plate.
As used herein, " cathode assembly " refers to cathode (such as cathode block), current collecting bar, electrical bus structure and its group
It closes.
As used herein, " current collecting bar " refers to the stick from battery collected current.In a non-limiting example, current collecting bar
It collects the electric current from cathode and transfers current to electrical bus structure to remove electric current from system.
As used herein, " electrolyte bath " refers to at least one (such as by electrolytic process) metal to be restored
Liquefaction bath.The non-limiting example of electrolyte bath composition includes: NaF, AlF3、CaF2、MgF2, LiF, KF and combinations thereof-with it is molten
The aluminium oxide of solution.
As used herein, " melting " refers to the application form in a flowable (such as liquid) by heat.As non-limit
Property example processed, electrolyte bath are melting form (for example, at least about 750 DEG C).As another non-limiting example, electrolyte bath
For melting form (for example, being not greater than about 1000 DEG C).As another example, (such as " metal is sometimes referred to as in the bottom of battery
Pad ") at formed metallic product (such as aluminium) be melting form.
As used herein, " metallic product " refers to the product generated by electrolysis.In one embodiment, metallic product exists
The bottom of electrolytic cell is formed as metal gasket.Some non-limiting examples of metallic product include: rare earth metal and non-ferrous metal (example
Such as aluminium, nickel, magnesium, copper and zinc).In some embodiments, metallic product include impurity (for example, Fe, Si in Al metallic product,
Ni, Mn etc.).
As used herein, " side wall " refers to the wall of electrolytic cell.In some embodiments, side wall parametrization ground
(parametrically) extend around battery bottom and upwardly extended from battery bottom to limit the main body of electrolytic cell and restriction
The volume that electrolyte bath remains at.In some embodiments, side wall includes: shell, heat insulation packed part and inner wall.Some
In embodiment, inner wall and battery bottom are configured to contact and keep molten electrolyte bath and metallic product (such as metal gasket).
As used herein, " shell " refers to the outermost protection cover of side wall.In one embodiment, shell is electrolysis
The protection cap of the inner wall in pond.As non-limiting example, shell constitutes (such as steel) by the hard material of encirclement battery.
As used herein, " anode assemblies " refer to: for keeping the component of at least one anode.In some embodiments,
Anode assemblies include: anode and multiple anodes.
As used herein, " cathode assembly " refers to the component for keeping at least one cathode.In some embodiments, negative
Pole component includes cathode holder and multiple cathodes.
As used herein, " electric current " means: direct current.
In some embodiments, " cell resistance " means: the resistance of electrolytic cell.
In some embodiments, " signal " indicates: indicating the electric pulse of measurement.
In some embodiments, " cell resistance signal " means: the electric pulse of the resistance in instruction electrolytic cell.
As used herein, " production " (such as manufacture) refers to: in some embodiments, one or more methods of the invention
Include the steps that producing metallic product by molten electrolyte bath (such as aluminum metal).
Fig. 1 shows by using anode and cathode electrochemical reduction oxidation aluminium the electrolytic cell 100 for producing aluminum metal
Schematic cross-section.In some embodiments, anode is inert anode.Some non-limiting example packets of inert anode compositions
It includes: ceramics, metal, cermet and/or combination thereof.Some non-limiting examples of inert anode compositions in United States Patent (USP) 4,
374,050、4,374,761、4,399,008、4,455,211、4,582,585、4,584,172、4,620,905、5,279,
715, it is provided in 5,794,112 and 5,865,980, above-mentioned United States Patent (USP) is transferred to present assignee.In some realities
It applies in example, anode is to put oxygen electrode.Putting oxygen electrode is the electrode that oxygen is generated in electrolytic process.In some embodiments, cathode
It is wettable cathode (wettable cathode).In some embodiments, the wettable material of aluminium be in fused electrolyte with
The contact angle of molten aluminum is not more than 90 degree of material.Some non-limiting examples of wettable material may include TiB2、ZrB2、
HfB2、SrB2, one of carbonaceous material and combinations thereof or a variety of.
Electrolytic cell 100 has at least one anode module 102.In some embodiments, anode module 102 has at least one
A anode 104.Electrolytic cell 100 further includes at least one cathode module 106.In some embodiments, cathode module 106 has extremely
A few cathode 108.In some embodiments, at least one anode module 102 is suspended at least one cathode module 106
Side.Cathode 108 is located in battery storage device (cell reservoir) 110.Cathode 108 is upwardly extended towards anode module 102.
Although showing certain amount of anode 104 and cathode 108 in various embodiments of the present invention, can correspondingly use
Any amount of anode 104 for being greater than or equal to 1 and cathode 108 limit anode module 102 or cathode module 106.Battery storage
Storage 110 usually with steel shell 118 and there is insulating materials 120, refractory material 122 and side-wall material 124 to be used as liner.Electricity
Pond reservoir 110 is able to maintain molten electrolyte bath (being schematically shown by dotted line 126) and molten aluminium metal pad therein.To
The part that anode module 102 provides the anode bus 128 of electric current is shown as being pressed into the anode rod with anode module 102
130 electrical contacts.Anode rod 130 in structure and is electrically connected to anode distribution plate 132, and thermal insulation layer 134 is attached to
The anode distribution plate 132.Anode 104 extends through thermal insulation layer 134 and mechanically and electrically contacts anode distribution plate
132.Anode bus 128 will pass through anode rod 130, anode distribution plate 132, anode from the DC current of suitable power supply 136
Element and electrolyte 126 are transmitted to cathode 108 and from there through cathode holder 112, cathode block 114 and cathode collector bars
116 arrive another pole of power supply 136.The anode 104 of each anode module 102 is in electrically continuous.Similarly, each cathode module
106 cathode 108 is in electrically continuous.Anode module 102 can be opposite to adjust them by raising and reducing for positioning device
In the position of cathode module 106, to adjust anode-cathode overlapping (ACO).
In some embodiments, cathode 108 is supported in cathode holder 112.In some embodiments, cathode holder
112 are maintained on the bottom of battery storage device 110.In some embodiments, cathode holder 112 is fixedly coupled to electrolytic cell
100 bottom.In some embodiments, cathode holder 112 contacts the metal gasket or fused electrolyte in battery storage device 110
At least one of bath 126.In some embodiments, cathode holder 112 is shelved on cathode block 114, for example, by with one
Or multiple cathode collector bars 116 are in electrically continuous carbonaceous material and are made.In some embodiments, cathode block 114 fixedly joins
It is connected to the bottom of electrolytic cell 100.In some embodiments, cathode holder 112 and cathode block 114 are integrally formed, wherein cathode
Block 114 is a part of cathode holder 112.In some embodiments, cathode holder 112 is connected to cathode block 114.
In some embodiments, cathode holder 112 includes the main body with support bottom.In some embodiments, it props up
Support bottom is configured to be connected to the bottom of electrolytic cell.The main body of cathode holder 112 further includes the support opposite with support bottom
Top, the branch support have cathode attachment area, which is configured to keep multiple cathode plates wherein.
Fig. 2 depicts the cross section of the cathode attachment area of the cathode holder of embodiment according to the present invention.Fig. 3 describes
The top view of the cathode holder shown in Figure 2 of embodiment according to the present invention.In some embodiments, such as Fig. 2 and Fig. 3
Shown, cathode block 200 includes main body 202, which has support bottom 204 and branch support 206, the support bottom 204
It is configured as being connected to the bottom of electrolytic cell, and the branch support 206 and support bottom 204 are opposite.Branch support 206 includes yin
Pole attachment area 208.Cathode attachment area 208 is recessed including at least one surface being formed in the upper surface 212 of cathode block 200
Slot 210.Each groove 210 is configured with enough depth to keep cathode plate (being not shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3).In some implementations
In example, the depth of the groove 210 measured from the upper surface of groove 210 212 to bottom 214 is about 1 inch to about 8 inches or about 2
Inch is to about 8 inches or about 3 inches to about 8 inches or about 4 inches to about 8 inches or about 5 inches to about 8 inches or about
6 inches to about 8 inches or about 7 inches to about 8 inches or about 1 inch to about 7 inches or about 1 inch to about 6 inches or about 1
Inch is to about 5 inches or about 1 inch to about 4 inches or about 1 inch to about 3 inches or about 1 inch to about 2 inches.Some
In embodiment, the length and width of groove 210 depends on the length and thickness of the cathode plate that will remain in groove 210.One
In a little embodiments, the size matching corresponding with cathode of the length and width of groove 210.In some embodiments, cathode plate
With a thickness of about 1/8 inch to about 1 inch or about 1/4 inch to about 1 inch or about 1/2 inch to about 1 inch or about 1/8 English
Very little to about 1/2 inch or about 1/8 inch to about 1/4 inch.
In some embodiments, cathode holder includes multiple pins.Fig. 4 depicts the support cathode according to one embodiment
The top view of multiple pins 402 of cathode plate 404 in block 400.In some embodiments, cathode plate 404 be plane and with
Vertical configuration is supported.In some embodiments, cathode plate 404 is nonplanar and is supported with vertical configuration.Fig. 5
It is the front view of embodiment shown in Fig. 4.In some embodiments, as shown in fig. 6, pin 402 includes main body 602, pin top 604
With pin bottom 606.In some embodiments, main body 602 is by titanium diboride (TiB2) composition.In some embodiments, main body 602
It is made of material identical with cathode plate.
In some embodiments, as is seen in figs 7-10, each pin bottom 606 is kept by the bottom of electrolytic cell or cathode block.
Fig. 7 is the top view of the pin 402 of the cathode plate 404 in the support cathode block 400 of embodiment according to the present invention.Fig. 8 is in Fig. 7
The front view of illustrated embodiment.Fig. 9 is the side view of embodiment shown in Fig. 7 and 8.Figure 10 is embodiment shown in Fig. 7,8 and 9
Perspective view.In some embodiments, as is seen in figs 7-10, pin top 604 is constructed with the relationship being separated from each other to support yin
Pole plate 404.In some embodiments, pin bottom 606 is embedded in the corresponding opening in cathode holder.
In some embodiments, pin 402 is placed in the hole being directly drilled into cathode block 400.In some embodiments,
The diameter in hole is substantially equal to entire pin 402 or sells one diameter in bottom 606.In some embodiments, retaining pin bottom
The diameter in the hole in portion 606 is greater than the diameter of pin bottom 606.In some embodiments, add during the operation when pin 402 in electrolytic cell
When hot, the expansion of pin 402 is greater than the expansion in hole, is fitted close in corresponding hole so as to cause pin 402.
In some embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4-5 and Fig. 7-10, multiple pins 402 include first group of pin 406 and second group of pin
408.In some embodiments, one in first group of pin 406 or second group of pin 408 is two or more pins 402, and another
One is one or more pins 402.In some embodiments, the combination of first group of pin 406 and second group of pin 408 is three or more
Multiple pins 406.In some embodiments as shown in Fig. 4-5 and Fig. 7-10, first group of pin 406 is two pins 402, and second
Group pin 408 is two pins 402.
In some embodiments, as shown in Fig. 4-5 and Fig. 7-10, the pin bottom of first group of pin 406 is in 400 (example of cathode block
Such as cathode holder) on linear configuration (linear formation) arrangement.In some embodiments, such as Fig. 4-5 and Fig. 7-
Shown in 10, the pin bottom of second group of pin 408 is arranged on cathode block 400 with linear configuration.In some embodiments, first group of pin
The linear configuration of 406 pin bottom is parallel to the linear configuration of the pin bottom of second group of pin 408.In some embodiments, as schemed
Shown in 4-5, first group of pin 406 and second group of pin 408 at the essentially identical position of cathode block 400, positioned at cathode block 400
On opposite side.In some embodiments, as is seen in figs 7-10, first group of pin 406 and second group of pin 408 are inclined relative to each other
It offs normal and sets at (off-set position), on the opposite side of cathode block 400.
In some embodiments, cathode plate can be supported by multiple pins, as discussed above for Fig. 4-5 and Fig. 7-10
Like that, it and can be embedded in the groove formed in cathode block, as discussed about Fig. 2-3.Figure 11 is support yin
The cross-sectional view of multiple pins 402 of pole plate 404, the cathode plate 404 are embedded in cathode block 400.Cathode block 400 includes that cathode is attached
Connect region 208.Cathode attachment area 208 includes the surface groove 210 being formed in the upper surface 212 of cathode block 200.Cathode plate
404 a part is maintained in surface groove 210.Figure 12 is the top view of cathode block shown in Figure 11.In some embodiments,
As shown in figure 12, some cathode plates 404 by cathode block 400 essentially identical position, positioned at the opposite of cathode plate 404
First group of pin 406 and second group of pin 408 on side support, and other cathode plates 404 by being in from deviating from the position relative to each other
Place, first group of pin 406 on opposite sides positioned at cathode plate 404 and second group of pin 408 support.
In some embodiments, cathode plate is nonplanar.Figure 13 and Figure 16 depicts another implementation according to the present invention
The top view of multiple pins 402 of nonplanar cathode plate 404 in the support cathode block 400 of example.Figure 13 is depicted using in total
Four embodiments sold to support cathode plate 404, wherein there are two pins for tool on the side of cathode plate 404, and in cathode plate
There are two pins for tool on 404 opposite side.Figure 16 depicts using a total of three pin the embodiment for supporting cathode plate, wherein in yin
There are two pins for tool on the side of pole plate 404, and have a pin on the opposite side of cathode plate 404.Figure 14 is along Figure 13
The cross-sectional view of the line A-A of illustrated embodiment.Figure 15 is the front view of embodiment shown in Figure 13.Figure 17 is along shown in Figure 16
The cross-sectional view of the line A-A of embodiment.Figure 18 is the front view of embodiment shown in Figure 16.
In some embodiments, it is configured as supporting nonplanar cathode plate with vertical configuration at the top of the pin of pin.Some
In embodiment, first group of pin and second group of pin respectively include selling and having with first at the top of the pin with first shape to have
The second pin at the top of the pin of second shape, wherein first shape is different from the second shape.In some embodiments, the pin of the first pin
Top has first diameter, and has second diameter at the top of the pin of the second pin.In some embodiments, first diameter is different from
Second diameter.In some embodiments, pin top 604 has laterally asymmetrical shape.In some embodiments, in multiple pins
At least one pin pin at the top of 604 modified radiuses.
Figure 19-24 shows the example of the shape for the pin that can be used in certain embodiments, such as in cathode plate right and wrong
In the embodiment of plane.The shape of pin depends on the song that nonplanar cathode plate at the position of pin will be embedded on cathode block
Rate.For example, Figure 19-20 shows exemplary pin 402, with the pin bottom 606 with first diameter and have less than first
604 at the top of the pin of the second diameter of diameter.In some embodiments, second diameter is about 0.02 inch smaller than first diameter, or
It is 0.01 inch smaller than first diameter in some embodiments.Figure 21 shows exemplary pin 402, has with first diameter
Bottom 606 and the pin top 604 with second diameter are sold, second diameter is identical or essentially identical with first diameter.Figure 22-23 shows
Exemplary pin 402 is gone out, at the top of the pin bottom 606 with first diameter and the pin with second diameter 604, second is straight
Diameter is greater than first diameter.In some embodiments, second diameter is than about 0.02 inch of first diameter, or in some embodiments
In, it is 0.01 inch bigger than first diameter.Figure 24 depicts exemplary pin 402, at the top of pin bottom 606 and pin 604, wherein
The center line 2402 for selling bottom 606 deviates the center line 2404 at pin top 604.In some embodiments, the exemplary pin of Figure 24
402 modified radiuses.In some embodiments, it is rotated in the opening that the exemplary pin 402 of Figure 24 is formed in cathode block,
Until realizing the required gap between pin and cathode plate.In some embodiments, the pin bottom of pin 402 shown in Figure 19-24
What portion 606 and pin top 604 were integrally formed.
In some embodiments, pin bottom 606 is embedded into cathode block 400, and selling top 604 includes two pins
(prong), wherein cathode plate is located between two pins.
Figure 25 is according to the top view of the pin 402 of another embodiment, and pin 402 includes the cathode in support cathode block 400
Two pins of plate 404.Each pin 402 604 at the top of the pin in tool there are two pins, and cathode plate 404 is shelved on two and inserts
Between foot.Figure 26 is the perspective view of one of pin 402 shown in Figure 25.Pin 402 in Figure 26 include 604 at the top of the pin at two
A pin 2602 (that is, opposite vertical extension), to limit space 2604 between them to keep cathode plate.Figure 27
It is the front view of embodiment shown in Figure 25.Figure 27 depicts the cathode plate 404 by the protrusion above cathode block 400 of pin 402,
To which circulation part 2702 is formed between pin 402 below cathode plate 404.Part 2702 circulate as metallic product and electrolyte
At least one of bath provides flow path.Figure 28 is the side view of embodiment shown in Figure 25 and 27.Figure 29 is Figure 25,27 and
The perspective view of embodiment shown in 28.
Figure 30-31 and Figure 32-35 shows tool, and there are two the various of the pin for the pin that can be used in some embodiments
View.Pin 402 shown in Figure 30 and Figure 31 includes that pin bottom 606, which is cooperated to, is formed in yin 604 at the top of pin bottom 606 and pin
In opening in the block of pole, and sell top 604 604 at the top of the pin at tool there are two pins 2602 (that is, vertically extending counterpart
Point), to define therebetween space 2604 to keep cathode plate.
Figure 36-41 shows tool, and there are two the various views of the pin for the pin that can be used in some embodiments.Figure 36-
40 show pin 402, and with pin bottom 606, which is cooperated to the opening being formed in cathode block and pin top
In 604.Figure 41 is shown 604 at the top of the pin with circular body, and there are two pins 2602 in first end tool for the circular body
(that is, vertically extending opposite segments), to limit space 2604 between them to keep cathode at opposite second end
Plate and two pins 4102, to limit recess of the space 4104 to be connected in pin 402 between them.
In some embodiments, cathode holder includes a series of beams for being installed to cathode block.Figure 42 is shown according to this
The cathode block 400 of one embodiment of invention comprising be installed to a series of beams of the cathode block 400.The series beam includes cross
Beam 4202 and attachment beam 4204.In some embodiments, crossbeam 4202 and attachment beam 4204 are made of titanium diboride.In some realities
Apply in example, the part of cathode plate 404 be it is wedge-shaped, with cooperate in the groove in crossbeam 4202.In some embodiments, as schemed
Shown in 42, cathode plate 404 is configured relative to each other with end-to-end relation/construction spaced apart.In some embodiments, negative
Pole plate 404 can be positioned so that the ends/edges edge Contact cathod plate an of cathode plate either side end corresponding thereto/
Edge.Figure 43 is the partial sectional view of cathode plate 404, which has wedge piece 4302, and wedge piece 4302 is in yin
The bottom of pole plate enters the groove 4304 in the crossbeam 4202 of Figure 42.Wedge piece has away from about 2 to about 10 degree of center line 4306
Taper.Figure 44 shows the bottom perspective view of the cathode plate with wedge piece as shown in figure 43.
Figure 49 shows another embodiment of the cathode formed by the array of cathode piece.Each piece and adjacent spelling
Block interlocking.In some embodiments, two or more pieces are attached to cathode block.Piece above dirt can repeat to make
With because they will not be adhered in dirt when battery is cooling.
In some embodiments, cathode plate includes multiple cathode plates.Figure 45 is the forward sight of three interlocking cathode plates 404
Figure.In some embodiments, cathode plate includes the array of cathode piece.Figure 48 and Figure 49 is shown by the battle array of cathode piece 4802
Arrange the cathode formed.In some embodiments, at least two in cathode plate 404 or cathode piece 4802 mechanically interlock one
It rises.
In some embodiments, cathode plate 404 or cathode piece 4802 have an edge, the edge be configured as with it is adjacent
Cathode plate or cathode piece mechanically interlock.In some embodiments, the edge of adjacent cathode plate 404 or cathode piece 4802
Be configured as interlocking sloping edge (beveled edge) (for example, in formed be different from right angle angle inclination angle
Cutting) or fan-shaped edge (there are a series of lobes).The side that can make cathode plate or cathode piece can be used
Edge mechanically interlocking any edge shape.In some embodiments, the edge of cathode plate 404 or cathode piece 4802 has hole
To accommodate the pin for being mechanically interlocked cathode plate.
Figure 46 is the perspective view of embodiment shown in Figure 45.Intermediate cathode plate 404 is by two adjacent cathode plates 404
It supports and is maintained at 400 top of cathode block, the cathode plate is arranged in the groove 210 in cathode block 400.As a result, in centre
Circulation path 4502 is formed between cathode plate 404 and cathode block 400.Figure 47 is the enlarged view of the region A of Figure 46.Figure 46 describes
The cathode plate 404 of centre with sloping edge 4702.Adjacent cathode plate 404 has corresponding matched edges 4704, institute
Matched edges are stated to be configured as interlocking with sloping edge 4702.In some embodiments, intermediate cathode plate 404 is nonreentrant surface,
The concave edge of itself and adjacent cathode plate 404 interlocks.
Figure 48 shows the cathode formed by the array of cathode piece 4802.In some embodiments, each piece 4802
It is hexagon.In some embodiments, each cathode piece 4802 is interlocked with adjacent cathode piece 4802.Two cathodes are spelled
Block 4802 is arranged in the groove (not shown) in cathode block 400.It is not disposed in cathode block 400 and is located above dirt
Cathode piece (such as central cathode piece 4802) may be reused, because they will not be adhered to dirt when battery is cooling
In.Since central cathode piece 4802 is arranged above dirt, the shape between intermediate cathode plate 404 and cathode block 400
At circulation path 4502.
Figure 49 shows another embodiment of the cathode formed by the array of cathode piece 4802.Each cathode piece
4802 interlock with adjacent cathode piece 4802.In some embodiments, as described in various embodiments of the present invention
Like that, multiple pin (not shown) are pinned cathode block 400.Cathode piece 4802 above dirt may be reused, because
When battery is cooling, they will not be adhered in dirt.
Figure 48 shows the cathode formed by the array of cathode piece 4802.In some embodiments, each piece 4802
It is hexagon.In some embodiments, each cathode piece 4802 is interlocked with adjacent cathode piece 4802.Two cathodes are spelled
Block 4802 is arranged in the groove (not shown) in cathode block 400.It is not disposed in cathode block 400 and is located above dirt
Cathode piece (such as central cathode piece 4802) may be reused, because they will not be adhered to dirt when battery is cooling
In.Since central cathode piece 4802 is arranged above dirt, the shape between intermediate cathode plate 404 and cathode block 400
At circulation path 4502.
Figure 49 shows another embodiment of the cathode formed by the array of cathode piece 4802.Each cathode piece
4802 interlock with adjacent cathode piece 4802.In some embodiments, as described in various embodiments of the present invention
Like that, multiple pin (not shown) are pinned cathode block 400.Cathode piece 4802 above dirt may be reused, because
When battery is cooling, they will not be adhered in dirt.
Figure 50 shows another embodiment of the cathode formed by the array of cathode piece 4802.Each cathode piece
4802 interlock with adjacent cathode piece 4802.In some embodiments, as described in various embodiments of the present invention
Like that, multiple pins 4804 are pinned cathode block 400 to support cathode piece 4802.Cathode piece 4802 above dirt can be with
It reuses, because they will not be adhered in dirt when battery is cooling.
Figure 51 shows the cathode formed by the array of cathode piece 4802.In some embodiments, each piece 4802
It is hexagon.In some embodiments, each cathode piece 4802 is interlocked with adjacent cathode piece 4802.Two cathodes are spelled
Block 4802 is arranged in the groove 4806 in cathode block 400.It is not disposed on the cathode in cathode block 400 and being located above dirt
Piece (such as central cathode piece 4802) may be reused, because they will not be adhered in dirt when battery is cooling.
Since central cathode piece 4802 is arranged above dirt, logical circulation road is formed between intermediate cathode plate 404 and cathode block 400
Diameter 4502.
In some embodiments, the draft angle in the interlock feature on the edge of cathode plate 404 or cathode piece 4802
Degree allows some thermal expansion movements of cathode plate 404 or cathode piece 4802, without damaging cathode plate during start battery
404 or cathode piece 4802.In some embodiments, edge feature is formed in cathode plate 404 or cathode by green processing
In piece 4802, i.e., the processing ceramic under unfired state.In some embodiments, edge feature is in cathode plate 404 or yin
It is formed during the green processing (for example, dry-pressing, extruding) of pole piece 4802.
In in the marginal mechanical of cathode plate or cathode piece interlocking some embodiments, when by interlocking cathode plate or
When cathode plate supported on both sides or cathode piece generate crack, the fragment of cathode will not fall into bath cathode piece, but continue
It is supported by interlocking cathode plate or cathode piece.This extends the service life of cathode and battery.In some embodiments, even if
After crack progressing, broken cathode plate or cathode piece continue to be used as cathode, because between cathode plate or cathode piece
Electrical connection by the physical contact of the edge of cathode plate or cathode piece and by the surface in electrolytic process
Aluminium film maintains.
In some embodiments, cathode plate is supported by adjacent cathode plate without being installed to cathode block.In this embodiment,
Circulation path is formed between cathode block and cathode plate.
It in some embodiments, include: that (a) makes anode and yin by the method that electrochemical reduction oxidation aluminium produces aluminum metal
Electric current between pole is by the electrolyte bath of electrolytic cell, and battery includes: (i) battery storage device, and (ii) is maintained at battery storage device
Bottom cathode holder, wherein in the metal gasket in cathode holder and battery storage device and molten electrolyte bath at least
One contact, wherein cathode holder includes main body, and main body has the support bottom for being configured as being connected to the bottom of electrolytic cell；
The branch support opposite with support bottom, the branch support have cathode attachment area, which is configured to
At least one cathode plate is kept wherein；(b) charging (feed material) is sent in electrolytic cell.In the above method
In some embodiments, feed electrolysis is reduced into metallic product.In some embodiments of the above method, by metallic product from yin
Pole is discharged into battery bottom to form metal gasket.In some embodiments of the above method, the metal that production purity is P1020 is produced
Object.
In some embodiments, the cathode holder of this method can be the cathode branch in embodiment described in the present invention
Support member.In some embodiments, cathode holder is configured to provide for metal and/or bath circulation path (bath flow through
path).In some embodiments, cathode holder includes that at least one (or multiple) of the bottom section along cathode holder cut
Mouth or machined parts.In some embodiments, notch is along the bottom of cathode holder (that is, from the bottom table of cathode holder
Face extends up to the surface of the side along supporting element).In some embodiments, notch laterally positions (for example, wearing from side
The main body for crossing cathode holder extends to the other side of cathode holder (removing from the bottom surface of cathode holder).Various
In embodiment, notch is configured to allow to bathe and/or metal flows through cathode holder, and has any shape or ruler for this purpose
It is very little.
In some embodiments, the cathode attachment area of cathode holder includes: the ridge of multiple protrusions (for example, being similar to
Rack gear (rack)), plurality of ridge is spaced apart and is configured to that cathode plate is allowed to slide and kept by ridge between the ridges.Some
In embodiment, cathode holder along its upper surface with multiple protrusions/extend part (for example, each of which is with top
And opposite side), wherein protrusion/part extended is configured in spaced relation in two protrusions/be the part extended
Two sides support cathode plate between (for example, opposite side).In some embodiments, the cathode attachment area packet of cathode holder
The surface topography of protrusion is included to remain at cathode plate.
In some embodiments, cathode holder includes: carbonaceous material (such as graphite)；TiB2Carbon composite, two boron
Change titanium (TiB2), silicon carbide (SiC), boron nitride (BN), silicon nitride (Si3N4), hafnium boride (HfB2)、HfB2Carbon composite, two
Zirconium boride (ZrB2)、ZrB2Carbon composite, metal, alloy and combinations thereof.In some embodiments, cathode holder includes multiple
Condensation material (such as coated in the graphite in ceramic material, such as TiB2).In some embodiments, cathode holder is wettable by aluminium
Material is made.In some embodiments, cathode plate is made of the wettable material of aluminium.In some embodiments, the wettable material of aluminium
It is the material for being not more than 90 degree with the contact angle of molten aluminum in fused electrolyte.Some non-limiting examples of wettable material
It may include TiB2、ZrB2、HfB2、SrB2, one of carbonaceous material and combinations thereof or a variety of.
In some embodiments, cathode holder is configured to attach to battery bottom.The one of fastener (attached peripheral device)
A little non-limiting examples include: machanical fastener, bolt, screw, fastener, bracket, on the spot formed punch (ram-in-place), with
And their combination.
In some embodiments, cathode plate supports support cathode plate and cathode plate is maintained at upright position.Some
In embodiment, cathode plate support includes the plate being arranged in the groove being cut into cathode block.In some embodiments, cathode
Plate support is made of titanium diboride.In some embodiments, cathode plate support is by material identical at least one cathode plate
Material composition.
Claims (40)
1. a kind of electrolytic cell, comprising:
Battery storage device；
Cathode holder is maintained at the bottom of the battery storage device, wherein the cathode holder and the battery storage
The contact of at least one of metal gasket and molten electrolyte bath in device,
Wherein the cathode holder includes:
Main body, the main body, which has, is configured to the support bottom that is connected to the bottom of the electrolytic cell, and with the branch
The opposite branch support in bottom is supportted, the branch support has cathode attachment area, and the cathode attachment area is configured at it
Middle at least one cathode plate of holding.
2. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cathode attachment area of the cathode holder includes: described
Surface groove on the upper surface of cathode holder, wherein the groove is configured as enough depth to keep described at least one
One in a cathode plate.
3. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cathode attachment area of the cathode holder includes:
A beam more than first comprising one or more grooves more than described first in the surface of a beam are formed in, wherein described one
A or multiple grooves are configured to keep at least one described cathode plate；And
A beam more than second connects more than first a beam.
4. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one described cathode plate configuration in the cathode attachment area
Edge for the cathode plate for making the EDGE CONTACT of the first cathode plate opposite with first cathode plate on either side.
5. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cathode holder includes multiple pins, wherein each pin has pin bottom
At the top of portion and pin.
6. device according to claim 5, wherein each pin bottom is protected by the corresponding opening in the cathode holder
It holds.
7. device according to claim 6, wherein the multiple pin is configured in spaced relation in vertical configuration
Support at least one described cathode plate.
8. device according to claim 5, wherein the multiple pin includes first group of pin and second group of pin.
9. device according to claim 8, wherein the pin bottom of first group of pin is on the cathode holder
It is arranged with linear configuration, and the pin bottom of second group of pin is arranged on the cathode holder with linear configuration.
10. device according to claim 9, wherein the linear configuration of the pin bottom of first group of pin is flat
Row is in the linear configuration of the pin bottom of second group of pin.
11. device according to claim 5, wherein being configured as supporting in vertical configuration at the top of the pin nonplanar
Cathode plate.
12. device according to claim 8, wherein first group of pin and second group of pin respectively include the first pin and
Second pin, first pin have at the top of the pin with first shape, and second pin has at the top of the pin with the second shape.
13. device according to claim 12, wherein the first shape is different from second shape.
14. device according to claim 12, wherein there is first diameter at the top of the pin of first pin, and
There is second diameter at the top of the pin of second pin.
15. device according to claim 14, wherein the first diameter is different from the second diameter.
16. device according to claim 12, wherein first pin and second pin have the pin for first diameter
Bottom, and wherein first pin and second pin have at the top of the pin for second diameter.
17. device according to claim 16, wherein the first diameter is different from the second diameter.
18. device according to claim 12, wherein have laterally asymmetrical shape at the top of the pin.
19. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pin includes titanium diboride.
20. device according to claim 5, wherein have at the top of the pin of at least one of the multiple pin pin
The radius of variation.
21. device according to claim 20, wherein at least one described pin rotation with the varied radius, directly
To the required gap realized between at least one described pin and the cathode plate.
22. device according to claim 5, wherein the pin bottom is embedded into the cathode holder, and described
Pin top includes two pins, wherein one at least one described cathode plate is between described two pins.
23. the apparatus according to claim 1, wherein cathode plate includes multiple cathode plates.
24. device according to claim 23, wherein at least two of the cathode plate are mechanically interlocked.
25. device according to claim 24, wherein each cathode plate includes being configured to adjacent cathode plate mechanically
Interlocking side edge.
26. device according to claim 25, wherein the side edge of first cathode plate is spill, and
It is configured to interlock with the convex side edge of adjacent cathode plate.
27. device according to claim 26, wherein the edge of the cathode plate has hole, to accommodate the cathode
The pin that plate is mechanically interlocked.
28. device according to claim 26, wherein the cathode being supported on by cathode interlocked plate on opposite edge
Plate includes crack.
29. device according to claim 24, wherein the cathode plate is supported by adjacent cathode plate, rather than is installed
To the cathode holder.
30. device according to claim 29, wherein forming flowing between the cathode holder and the cathode plate
Path.
31. a kind of method for producing aluminum metal by electrochemical reduction oxidation aluminium, comprising:
(a) make electrolyte bath of the electric current between anode and cathode by electrolytic cell, the pond includes:
(i) battery storage device,
(ii) cathode holder being maintained on the bottom of the battery storage device, wherein the cathode holder and the battery
The contact of at least one of metal gasket and molten electrolyte bath in reservoir,
Wherein the cathode holder includes:
Main body, the main body have the support bottom for being configured to be connected to the bottom of the electrolytic cell；And with the branch
The opposite branch support in bottom is supportted, the branch support has cathode attachment area, and the cathode attachment area is configured at it
Middle at least one cathode plate of holding；And
(b) it will feed in the electrolytic cell.
It further include that the feed electrolysis is reduced into metallic product by (c) 32. according to the method for claim 31.
33. according to the method for claim 32, further includes: (d) is by the metallic product from the cathode exhaust to battery
Bottom is to form metal gasket.
34. a kind of electrolytic cell, comprising:
Battery storage device；
Cathode holder is maintained on the bottom of the battery storage device；
Cathode plate is maintained on the cathode holder, is configured to and adjacent cathode trigger wherein the cathode plate has
The interlocking edge in tool ground.
35. electrolytic cell according to claim 34, wherein the cathode plate have top edge, opposite bottom margin,
First side edge and second side edge, wherein the first side edge is configured to the side edge of the first adjacent cathode plate mechanically
Interlocking, and wherein the second side edge is configured to mechanically interlock with the side edge of the second adjacent cathode plate.
36. electrolytic cell according to claim 35, wherein the first side edge and the second side edge are inclined sides
Edge, the phase of the sloping edge and the corresponding angled side edge of first adjacent cathode plate and second adjacent cathode plate
The angled side edge answered mechanically interlocks.
37. electrolytic cell according to claim 35, wherein the cathode plate is by first adjacent cathode plate and described
Two adjacent cathode plates are supported on above the cathode holder.
38. electrolytic cell according to claim 35, wherein the first side edge and described second side of the cathode plate
Edge is convex, and the phase of the corresponding side edge of first adjacent cathode plate and second adjacent cathode plate
The angled side edge answered is spill.
39. electrolytic cell according to claim 34, wherein the cathode plate is formed by the array of cathode piece, wherein each
Cathode piece and adjacent cathode piece interlock.
40. electrolytic cell according to claim 39, wherein each cathode piece is hexagon.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201662315414P | 2016-03-30 | 2016-03-30 | |
| US62/315,414 | 2016-03-30 | ||
| PCT/US2017/025151 WO2017173149A1 (en) | 2016-03-30 | 2017-03-30 | Apparatuses and systems for vertical electrolysis cells |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109312484A true CN109312484A (en) | 2019-02-05 |
| CN109312484B CN109312484B (en) | 2022-02-11 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201780034095.0A Active CN109312484B (en) | 2016-03-30 | 2017-03-30 | Apparatus and system for vertical electrolysis cell |
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|---|---|
| US (2) | US11203814B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP3436623A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP6714100B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN109312484B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2017240646B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA3019368C (en) |
| DK (1) | DK180505B1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2719823C1 (en) |
| SA (2) | SA518400147B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2017173149A1 (en) |
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| CN110760887A (en) * | 2019-11-27 | 2020-02-07 | 镇江慧诚新材料科技有限公司 | Electrode structure for combined production and electrolysis of oxygen and aluminum |
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| EP3433397B1 (en) | 2016-03-25 | 2021-05-26 | Elysis Limited Partnership | Electrode configurations for electrolytic cells and related methods |
| CN108977851B (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-05-05 | 新疆众和股份有限公司 | Anode steel claw for electrolytic aluminum |
| CN109092218B (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2023-11-21 | 曹明辉 | Nanometer graphite sol preparation device and preparation method |
| NO345291B1 (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2020-11-30 | Hmr Hydeq As | An aluminium production anode yoke, an anode hanger, and a carbon anode |
| CA3197052A1 (en) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-06-02 | Elysis Limited Partnership | Controlling electrode current density of an electrolytic cell |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US11203814B2 (en) | 2021-12-21 |
| CA3019368A1 (en) | 2017-10-05 |
| CA3019368C (en) | 2020-10-27 |
| SA522431451B1 (en) | 2023-07-12 |
| CN109312484B (en) | 2022-02-11 |
| SA518400147B1 (en) | 2022-04-13 |
| BR112018069836A2 (en) | 2019-01-29 |
| US20220112617A1 (en) | 2022-04-14 |
| AU2017240646A1 (en) | 2018-10-25 |
| WO2017173149A1 (en) | 2017-10-05 |
| DK201870701A1 (en) | 2019-01-25 |
| JP6714100B2 (en) | 2020-06-24 |
| RU2719823C1 (en) | 2020-04-23 |
| US12091765B2 (en) | 2024-09-17 |
| AU2017240646B2 (en) | 2020-05-21 |
| US20170283968A1 (en) | 2017-10-05 |
| DK180505B1 (en) | 2021-06-03 |
| EP3436623A1 (en) | 2019-02-06 |
| JP2019510137A (en) | 2019-04-11 |
| EP3436623A4 (en) | 2020-01-01 |
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