CN109312161A - 包含烷烃的组合物及其生产方法 - Google Patents

包含烷烃的组合物及其生产方法 Download PDF

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CN109312161A
CN109312161A CN201780030111.9A CN201780030111A CN109312161A CN 109312161 A CN109312161 A CN 109312161A CN 201780030111 A CN201780030111 A CN 201780030111A CN 109312161 A CN109312161 A CN 109312161A
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alkane
oil
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protective agent
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维尔皮·雷默
托米·尼曼
坦贾·埃斯科拉
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Neste Oyj
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Neste Oyj
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种包含C10‑C20烷烃的组合物，其中基于该组合物的总重量，约3wt.％至约30wt.％是C10‑C15烷烃，并且该C10‑C20烷烃衍生自生物原料。本发明还涉及一种用于多孔材料的保护剂，该保护剂包含所述组合物。

Description

包含烷烃的组合物及其生产方法
技术领域
本发明涉及包含烷烃(石蜡，paraffin)馏分的组合物及其生产方法。该组合物适用于各种多孔材料的保护。
背景技术
WO 2015/101837 Α2公开了包含40-50wt.％的C14烷烃和35-45wt.％的C15烷烃的组合物(基于该组合物的总重量计)，其中，所述烷烃产生自生物原料。其中，该组合物可用作木材处理组合物。
发明内容
本发明的主题是提供一种包含C10-C20烷烃的组合物，其中，基于该组合物的总重量，约3wt.％至约30wt.％为C10-C15烷烃，并且C10-C20烷烃衍生自生物原料。
本发明的另一个主题是提供一种用于生产本发明的组合物的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
对生物原料进行加氢脱氧以及可选的异构化，以产生具有在C10-C20的范围内的链长的烃馏分。
本发明的又一个主题是提供一种用于多孔材料的保护剂，该保护剂包含本发明的组合物或通过本发明的方法制备的组合物。
本发明的再又一个主题是提供本发明的组合物或本发明的保护剂用于处理多孔材料的用途。
在本发明中发现，包含具有C10至C20范围内的链长的烷烃的组合物在多孔材料(诸如木材)中实现了优异的渗透性。穿透深度或浸渍深度是对多孔材料(诸如各种木制品)的保护处理的重要特性。不受任何理论的束缚，假设组合物的优异渗透能力是由短链烃和长链烃的有利比例产生的。据信，烃的异构化进一步增强了润湿性，并且因此进一步增强了组合物至多孔基材的渗透性。
附图说明
图1示出了本发明的组合物以及商业脱芳构化的化石(fossil)溶剂NESSOL LIAV200浸渍至木材材料的浸渍能力。
图2a和2b示出了本发明的组合物以及商业木材保护剂“Supi Saunasuoja”浸渍至木材材料的浸渍能力。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种包含C10-C20烷烃的组合物，其中，基于该组合物的总重量，约3wt.％至约30wt.％为C10-C15烷烃，并且C10-C20烷烃衍生自生物原料。
在本发明的一个实施方式中，基于该组合物的总重量，C10-C15烷烃的量为10wt.％至约30wt.％。在另一个实施方式中，基于该组合物的总重量，C10-C15烷烃的量为10wt.％至约20wt.％。
在一个实施方式中，基于该组合物的总重量，该组合物包含约70wt.％至约97wt.％的C16-C20烷烃。在另一个实施方式中，该组合物包含约70wt.％至约90wt.％的C16-C20烷烃。
在一个实施方式中，基于该组合物的总重量，该组合物包含100％的C10-C20烷烃。在另一个实施方式中，该组合物包含至多4wt.％的小于C10的烷烃。在另一个实施方式中，该组合物包含至多1％wt.％的大于C20的烷烃。在再一个实施方式中，该组合物包含至多4wt.％的小于C10的烷烃，以及至多1％wt.％的大于C20的烷烃。
在一个实施方式中，异烷烃(异构烷烃，异链烷烃，isoparaffin)在该组合物中的总量为至少约1wt.％。在另一个实施方式中，异烷烃的总量为至少约50wt.％。在另一个实施方式中，异烷烃的总量为至少约70wt.％。在再又一个实施方式中，异烷烃的总量为至少约90wt.％。
该组合物的沸点是在约180℃至约330℃的范围内。
基于该组合物的总重量，该组合物中的芳香烃的总量小于约1.1wt.％。芳香烃的含量根据EN 12916来确定。
本发明的组合物通常具有在40℃下2.5mm2/s至5mm2/s的范围内(EN ISO 3104)的运动粘度(动力粘度，kinematic viscosity)。
本发明的组合物的闪点可以在60℃-150℃的范围内(EN ISO 2719)。
本发明的组合物的倾点可以在-80℃至30℃的范围内(ASTMD5950)。
本发明的组合物的表面张力通常在25-29raN/m的范围内(ASTMD971M)。
根据涂料指导(2004/42/EC)和欧洲生态标识认证计划(修正1999/10/EC的2002/739/EC)，涂料和清漆VOC是在101.3kPa的大气压力下具有低于或等于250℃的初始沸点的有机化合物。在本发明的一个实施方式中，该组合物含有小于15wt.％的量的具有低于250°的沸点的化合物。
C10-C20烷烃衍生自生物原料。生物原料可来自于植物或动物。该材料可选自植物油、动物脂肪、鱼油及其混合物。合适的生物原料的示例包括但不限于菜籽油、菜籽油、芥花籽油(canola oil)、菜子油(colza oil)、妥尔油(塔尔油，tall oil)、葵花籽油、豆油、大麻籽油、橄榄油、亚麻籽油、芥子油、棕榈油、花生油、蓖麻油、椰子油、动物脂肪如羊脂(板油，suet)、牛脂(tallow)、鲸脂、再生营养性脂肪(recycled alimentary fats)、通过基因工程生产的起始材料，以及通过诸如藻类和细菌的微生物生产的生物起始材料。由生物原料获得的进一步的缩合产物、酯类或其它衍生物也可用作起始材料。回收的生物来源的原料也是适合的。
在一个方面，本发明提供了一种用于生产上述组合物的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
对生物原料进行加氢脱氧以及可选的异构化，以产生具有在C10至C20范围内的链长的烃馏分。
通常用于生物材料的加氢脱氧以及用于所得的正烷烃的可选的异构化的反应条件和催化剂是本领域技术人员所熟知的技术。这些步骤在例如WO 2015/101837A2中进行了更详细描述。
在一个实施方式中，本发明的方法不涉及蒸馏步骤，以提供具有从约180℃至约330℃的沸程范围的组合物。
本发明的组合物具有优异的贯穿多孔材料的渗透能力，并且适用于多孔材料的保护处理。本发明的组合物可用作诸如保护剂，或者与进一步的组分一起配制成配方以提供保护剂。因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种保护剂，其包含本发明的组合物或通过本发明的方法制备的组合物。该保护剂可进一步含有例如一种或多种着色剂、一种或多种色素、一种或多种抗氧化剂。本发明的保护剂的一个优点是，用单一组分代替含有溶剂和油的配方，实现了优异的渗透能力和保护涂覆。在本发明中，不需要低沸程范围溶剂来增强组合物至多孔材料的渗透。在一个实施方式中，保护剂不含沸程在159℃至169℃范围内的溶剂。
当施用于多孔材料时，该组合物或该保护剂在材料的表面上形成防水透气层。因此，本发明的一个目的是提供本发明的组合物或本发明的保护剂用于处理多孔材料的用途。多孔材料可以是能够使该组合物至少在一定程度上渗透至材料中的任何材料。多孔材料的示例包括但不限于木材、陶瓷、砖石(brickstone)、皮革、水泥、复合材料、混凝土、胶合板、纸(paper)、板(board)和纺织品。
组合物的浸渍能力
本发明的组合物对木质基质的优异渗透能力如图1、图2a和图2b所示。测试的组合物含有17.3wt.％的C10-C15烷烃(其中89wt.％是异烷烃)和80.3wt.％的C16-C20烷烃(其中95wt.％是异烷烃)。该组合物中的异烷烃的量为>93wt.％的总C10-C20烷烃。该组合物的沸程范围为从约180℃至约330℃，运动粘度为40℃下2.9mm2/s(EN ISO 3104)，闪点>60℃(EN ISO 2719)，倾点<-40℃，并且表面张力为27mN/m(ASTMD971M)。
在所有试验中，将上述组合物施加到白杨木板和云杉木板的表面上两次。第一次涂抹后4小时进行第二次处理。第二次处理30分钟后，从表面擦去过量的组合物。让测试的样品干燥24小时。从干燥的样品中切割出横截面，以显示组合物在木材木板中的渗透深度。
作为参考，商品“NESSOL LIAV 200”Z(Neste Oy)通常用作木油产品中的溶剂组分。该溶剂的沸程范围是在159℃至169℃的范围内。作为另一参考，使用针对桑拿中的木材材料保护的商品“Supi Saunasuoja”(Tikkurila Oy)。与本发明的组合物类似，用所述参考产品处理白杨和云杉木板。在进行切割以显示浸渍深度之后以及在进行切割以显示在表面上的扩散一个月之后，立即从横切样品表面目视检查Z方向上的浸渍深度。为了便于目视检查，将0.5％的REDMCNY25(红色)加入到每种待测的组合物中。
图1示出了在进行切割木板之后立即用本发明的组合物以及用NESSOL LIAV 200所得到的结果。结果示出，在测试的样品中的浸渍深度存在可视差异。样品1和样品3分别是白杨木板和云杉木板，并用本发明的组合物进行处理。样品2和样品4分别是白杨木板和云杉木板，并用NESSOL LIAV 200进行处理。本发明的组合物已经有效浸渍至白杨木板和云杉木板中。在NESSOL LIAV 200的情况中，对于两个基片(样品2和样品4)的浸渍都更加有限。可以得出结论，对于NESSOL LIAV 200而言，在其蒸发前的浸渍时间是有限的。
图2a和图2b示出了使用本发明的组合物和Supi Saunasuoja所实现的在白杨木板中的浸渍深度。在图2a和图2b中，样品1描述了Supi Saunasuoja，而样品2描述了本发明的组合物。图2a示出了在进行切割白杨木板之后即刻的浸渍深度。由此可见，样品2在白杨木板中渗透更深。图2b示出了一个月后的浸渍深度。样品2均匀地分布横跨木板的整个横切面，而在木板的中间仍然可以看到一些未处理的区域。
对于本领域技术人员而言，将是显而易见的是，随着技术的进步，本发明的构思可以以各种方式实现。本发明及其实施方式不限于上述实施例，而是可以在权利要求的范围内变化。

Claims (21)

1.一种包含C10-C20烷烃的组合物，其中，基于所述组合物的总重量，约3wt.％至约30wt.％是C10-C15烷烃，并且所述C10-C20烷烃衍生自生物原料。
2.如权利要求1所述的组合物，其中，所述生物原料选自菜籽油、芥花籽油、菜子油、妥尔油、葵花籽油、豆油、大麻籽油、橄榄油、亚麻籽油、芥子油、棕榈油、花生油、蓖麻油、椰子油、诸如羊脂、牛脂、鲸脂、再生营养性脂肪的动物脂肪、通过基因工程生产的起始材料，以及通过诸如藻类和细菌的微生物生产的生物起始材料。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的组合物，其中，所述组合物包含约10wt.％至约30wt.％的C10-C15烷烃。
4.如权利要求3所述的组合物，其中，所述组合物包含约10wt.％至约20wt.％的C10-C15烷烃。
5.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物，其中，基于所述组合物的总重量，所述组合物包含约70wt.％至约97wt.％，特别地70wt.％至约90wt.％的C16-C20烷烃。
6.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物，基于所述组合物的总重量，所述组合物包含100％的C10-C20烷烃。
7.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物，所述组合物包含至多4wt.％的小于C10的烷烃和/或至多1％wt.％的大于C20的烷烃。
8.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物，其中，在所述组合物中的异烷烃的总量为至少约1wt.％，特别地至少约50wt.％，更特别地至少约70wt.％，甚至更特别地至少约90wt.％。
9.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物，其中，所述组合物的沸点是在约180℃至约330℃的范围内。
10.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物，其中，根据EN 12916确定的所述组合物的芳香烃总含量小于约1.1wt.％。
11.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物，其中，所述组合物含有小于15wt.％的量的具有低于250°的沸点的化合物。
12.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物，其中，所述组合物具有在40℃下在2.5mm2/s至5mm2/s的范围内(EN ISO 3104)的运动粘度。
13.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物，其中，所述组合物具有在60℃-150℃的范围内(EN ISO 2719)的闪点。
14.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物，其中，所述组合物具有在-80℃至30℃的范围内(ASTMD5950)的倾点。
15.如前述权利要求中任一项所述的组合物，其中，所述组合物具有在25-29mN/m的范围内(ASTMD971M)的表面张力。
16.一种用于生产权利要求1至15中任一项所述的组合物的方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
对生物原料进行加氢脱氧以及可选的异构化，以生产具有在C10-C20的范围内的链长度的烃馏分。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法，其中，所述方法不涉及蒸馏步骤。
18.一种用于多孔材料的保护剂，所述保护剂包含权利要求1至15中任一项所述的组合物或者通过权利要求16或17中任一项所述的方法制备的组合物。
19.如权利要求18所述的保护剂，其不含沸程在159℃至169℃的范围内的溶剂。
20.权利要求1至15中任一项所述的组合物或权利要求18或19所述的保护剂用于处理多孔材料的用途。
21.如权利要求20所述的用途，其中，所述多孔材料选自包含木材、陶瓷、砖石、皮革、水泥、复合材料、混凝土、胶合板、纸、板和纺织品的组。
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