CN109310230B

CN109310230B - Beverage preparation machine with controlled pump

Info

Publication number: CN109310230B
Application number: CN201780036704.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: E·克罗齐耶; B·居永; M·玛伽迪; N·奥布里格; J-L·图利兹
Original assignee: Societe des Produits Nestle SA
Current assignee: Societe des Produits Nestle SA
Priority date: 2016-06-30
Filing date: 2017-06-16
Publication date: 2022-06-21
Anticipated expiration: 2037-06-16
Also published as: RU2019102388A3; JP7370136B2; JP2019524183A; RU2760900C2; AU2017288698B2; US20190223656A1; AU2017288698A1; US11178999B2; EP3478135B1; ES2797173T3; RU2019102388A; EP3478135A1; WO2018001750A1; CN109310230A; CA3028533A1; PT3478135T

Abstract

A beverage preparation machine (1) comprising a liquid source (2,3) and a dispensing outlet (4) connected via a pump (10) comprising a chamber (11) and a displaceable wall (12) for delimiting the chamber (11). The pump (10) further comprises: an electric actuator (13) driving the displaceable wall (12) causing liquid to flow from the source into the chamber (11) and causing liquid to flow from the chamber (11) to the dispensing outlet (4); and a power unit (14) comprising a power source (142) and configured to provide power to the actuator (13). The power unit (14) further comprises: a sensor (143) for measuring an electrical parameter representative of the power consumed by the actuator (13); and a control unit (144) connected to the sensor (143) and the power source (142) and configured to control the power supplied by the power source (142) to the actuator (13) according to: a measured parameter; and a desired liquid input into the chamber (11) and/or a liquid output from the chamber (11), such as a desired flow rate and/or pressure of the liquid input and/or liquid output.

Description

Beverage preparation machine with controlled pump

Technical Field

The present invention relates to a beverage preparation machine with a controlled pump.

For the purposes of this specification, "beverage" is intended to include any liquid food, such as tea, coffee, hot or cold chocolate drinks, milk, soup, baby food, and the like. By "capsule" is meant any pre-portioned beverage ingredient placed in a closed package, in particular an airtight package, made of any material (e.g. plastic packaging, aluminium packaging, recyclable packaging and/or biodegradable packaging) and in any shape and structure, including a soft pod or a rigid cartridge containing the ingredient.

Background

Beverage preparation machines have been known for many years. For example, US 5,943,472 discloses a water circulation system between a water reservoir and a hot water or steam dispensing chamber of an espresso machine. Suitable pumps for beverage machines are disclosed for example in US 2,715,868, 5,392,694, 5,992,298, 6,554,588, WO 2004/014205, WO 2005/053489, WO 2006/005425, WO 2006/032599, WO 2009/150030 and WO 2010/108700. EP 2247857, EP 2643588 and EP 2904266 disclose a pump in which a pump chamber is connected to a heater to heat liquid in the pump chamber. WO 2004/014205 and WO 2005/053489 teach the use of a source of pressurised gas for pressurising and driving a liquid in a beverage machine. WO 2006/005425 discloses the use of a peristaltic pump for driving a liquid in a beverage machine. US 2,715,868 discloses a beverage preparation machine having a rotary pump. US 5,392,694 discloses an espresso coffee machine having a pump with a piston actuated by an eccentric drive via an engaged connecting rod.

Disclosure of Invention

A preferred object of the present invention relates to a beverage machine having a simple pump configuration adapted to provide reliable pump performance control.

The present invention therefore relates to a beverage preparation machine comprising a liquid source and a dispensing outlet connected via a pump.

The pump has a chamber and a displaceable wall bounding the chamber. The displaceable wall is joined to one or more adjacent (typically static) chamber walls, for example by a seal (e.g. an O-ring). The pump also has an electrical actuator for driving the displaceable wall between the first and second positions, thereby causing liquid to flow from the source into the chamber and causing liquid to flow from the chamber to the dispensing outlet, optionally via a thermal regulator such as a heater and/or cooler.

The pump also has a power unit including a power source and configured to provide power to the actuator. The power unit may have an electrical plug or connector for connection to mains or a different power source, such as a battery or a transformer (DC) and/or a renewable energy source (solar photovoltaic power source).

The power unit comprises a sensor for measuring at least one electrical parameter representative of the power consumed by the actuator from the power source. The power unit also includes a control unit connected to the sensor and the power source. The control unit is configured to control the power supplied by the power supply to the actuator according to: at least one measured parameter; and a desired liquid input into the chamber and/or a desired liquid output from the chamber, such as a desired flow rate and/or pressure of the liquid input and/or liquid output.

Thus, the performance of the pump can be determined using the power consumption sensor of the actuator of the pump and the power supply to the pump adjusted accordingly.

The sensor may be at least one of an ammeter (e.g., a hall sensor), a voltmeter, and a potentiometer.

Measuring at least one electrical parameter representative of the power consumed by the actuator of the pump in conjunction with a sensor may replace measuring the performance of the pump using a flow meter or pressure sensor.

The control unit can control: thermal regulators, such as heaters and/or coolers; and/or opening and closing of the component units and/or doors thereto.

The control unit may be connected to a user interface of the machine (e.g. a user interface incorporated into the machine) or a communication module, such as a network and/or a portable device (e.g. a smartphone), communicating with an external apparatus (e.g. a remote device) via a wired or wireless connection.

The pump may have one, two or more chambers.

The pump chamber may form a single chamber.

The pump chamber may have a pump inlet fluidly connected to the liquid source and a pump outlet fluidly connected to the dispensing outlet. The pump inlet may have a check valve for preventing liquid from flowing out of the chamber via the inlet. The pump outlet may have a check valve for preventing liquid flow into the chamber via the outlet. Typically, such inlets and outlets extend into the same chamber.

The chambers may comprise an upstream chamber having a pump inlet and a downstream chamber having a pump outlet, the first and second chambers being connected via a check valve on a displaceable wall between the downstream and upstream chambers, the check valve allowing liquid to flow from the upstream chamber to the downstream chamber and preventing reverse flow. The pump is, for example, an electromagnetic pump of the type disclosed in WO 2009/150030.

The pump inlet may have a larger cross-section than the pump outlet in order to refill the chamber faster and/or more easily, the number of chambers the chamber has being of no concern.

The actuator may comprise a motor connected to the displaceable wall by a transmission. The transmission may comprise a gear arrangement, such as a spur gear arrangement, e.g. a device comprising one or more of a (toothed) wheel, a (toothed) pinion, a worm or an archimedean screw, such as a toothed wheel connected via a toothed pinion to another toothed wheel intermeshing with an archimedean screw fixed to the displaceable wall. The transmission may comprise at least one chain or belt, such as a toothed belt.

The actuator may be formed by an electrically powered solenoid to generate a magnetic flux on a displaceable wall of the pump for moving the wall. For example, the pump may be a solenoid pump.

The actuator may be a stator of a pump configured to drive a rotor forming the displaceable wall.

The control unit may be configured to control the power supply to provide a desired voltage, such as a constant or variable voltage, for example an alternating voltage at a fixed or adjustable frequency and/or a fixed or adjustable amplitude, to the electric actuator. The sensor may be configured to measure a current draw of the actuator at a desired voltage as the at least one parameter.

The control unit may be configured to control the power supply to provide a desired current, such as a constant or variable current, for example an alternating current at a fixed or adjustable frequency and/or a fixed or adjustable amplitude, to the electric actuator. The sensor may be configured to measure a voltage uptake of the actuator at a desired current as the at least one parameter.

The control unit may be configured to:

-performing a comparison, such as a comparison over time of at least one measured parameter and a predetermined reference stored in the control unit, such as a predetermined reference selected from: a factory stored benchmark; a predetermined reference stored by the update control unit, for example, by wired or wireless update; and a predetermined reference provided specifically for the beverage supply, such as a predetermined reference associated with an ingredient of the beverage supply or with a user input specific to the beverage supply; and

-controlling the power provided to the actuator in dependence on the comparison.

The control unit may be configured to adjust the voltage intake of the actuator from the power supply to ensure a desired current intake of the actuator derived by measuring the current intake as the at least one parameter with the sensor, e.g. to provide liquid from the chamber to the dispensing outlet at a desired pressure.

The control unit may be configured to adjust the current intake of the actuator from the power supply to ensure a desired voltage intake of the actuator derived by measuring the voltage intake as the at least one parameter with the sensor, e.g. to provide liquid from the chamber to the dispensing outlet at a desired flow rate.

This configuration enables easy variation of the pumping profile to match the desired profile in terms of flow rate and/or pressure of the pumped liquid.

As liquid is pumped through the flavor component, it may be convenient to adjust the flow/pressure curve, and thus the characteristics of the beverage resulting from combining the component with the pumped liquid.

The flavour of the liquid can be influenced in this way.

The overall visual aspect of the resulting beverage may be affected.

The texture of the resulting beverage can be affected in this way. For example, when the beverage is coffee, the content and color of crema may be affected.

When the beverage is coffee, a coffee extraction profile can be obtained.

Thus, the resulting beverage prepared from the same ingredients may vary in taste depending on the adjusted flow pressure profile.

In general, it may be appropriate to wet the ground coffee or tea leaves with the pumped liquid in a static or slow-flowing initial stage and then increase the liquid flow through the ingredients (thereby shortening the dispensing time) while the ground coffee or tea leaves are in a desired state suitable for delivering their flavor.

Based on the measured parameter, the control unit may control the powering of the power supply of the electric actuator to achieve a specific outflow of liquid from the pump, e.g. a specific speed, volume, flow and/or pressure.

The control of the supply of power may be related to the speed of the actuator, e.g. the rotational speed of a motor as the actuator or the displacement speed of a linear actuator.

The power control may be related to the position of the actuator. The position of the displaceable wall can be derived therefrom, and thus the volume of liquid moved into and/or out of the chamber through the displaceable wall.

The control unit may be configured to take a safety measure, such as a value of more than 5%, for example more than 10%, for example more than 20% of the predetermined reference, when the difference between the measured parameter and the predetermined reference exceeds a tolerance value. For example, the safety measures include interrupting the power supply to the actuator and/or providing a corresponding indication on the user interface.

The control unit may be configured to take safety measures when the measured parameter increases or decreases at a rate whose absolute value is greater than a predetermined threshold, such as the rate of increase of the current intake of the actuator being greater than a current increase threshold or the rate of decrease of the predetermined voltage intake being greater than a predetermined voltage decrease threshold. The absolute value of such an increase or decrease rate may be constantly greater than a predetermined threshold for a minimum period of time, for example, more than 0.2 seconds, or 0.5 seconds, or 1.0 seconds. Such measured parameter may reach a threshold value that is delayed at least 10%, such as at least 20%, from a predetermined reference, or reaches a predetermined extreme value, such as 0 or a power supply saturation value or a predetermined fraction of the saturation value or a predetermined absolute value.

Such safety measures may be used to address a failure or mechanical blockage of the pump.

Safety measures may be used to address liquid shortages from the source.

Safety measures may be used to indicate an inadequate flow resistance downstream of the pump. The flow resistance may be higher or lower than expected. For example, when a pumped liquid is mixed with a flavor component, e.g., a solid component such as ground coffee or tea leaves, such flavor component can create a resistance to flow. When the air-out flavour component is identified, for example by automatic identification, the measured flow resistance may be compared to the expected flow resistance for the identified component, and if the difference is deemed significant, safety measures may be taken.

Safety measures may be used to address disturbances in the machine liquid circuit, such as blockages between the pump and the outlet or between the liquid source and the pump or in the pump itself.

The control unit may be configured to interrupt power supply to the actuator in the following cases: the displaceable wall delimiting the chamber reaches the end wall of the chamber or an end position determined physically or by a sensor, for example by a magnetic, capacitive or optical sensor or by a mechanical stop.

More generally, one or more position sensors may be used to sense the position of the displaceable wall displaced along the one or more position sensors to derive the volume of liquid moved through the wall into and/or out of the chamber. One or more magnetic, capacitive and/or optical sensors may be conveniently used as one or more such position sensors.

The pump may be configured to drive the liquid from the source to the outlet via a unit arranged to receive the beverage ingredient (e.g. coffee or tea or cocoa or milk) in the ingredient chamber. For example, the ingredients supplied within the capsule are provided into the unit via the channels. Such a channel may be associated with a door. Thus, the ingredients may be mixed with the liquid to form a beverage to be dispensed from the unit via the outlet. For example, ingredients are provided within a capsule having a cup and a lid extending beyond the cup to form a circumferential flange.

It is known per se that such capsules can be inserted into and/or removed from the ingredient compartment. WO 2005/004683, WO 2009/043630, WO 2012/025258 and WO 2013/127476 provide examples of suitable capsules for insertion and/or removal.

The control unit may be configured to: performing a comparison of the at least one measured parameter with a predetermined reference associated with the constituent, typically over time; and controlling power provided to the actuator based on the comparison, such as controlling power provided to the actuator to minimize a difference between the predetermined reference and the at least one measured parameter.

For example, the predetermined reference may be derived from characteristics of the ingredient and/or a capsule containing the ingredient or a user input associated with the ingredient.

The properties of the component can be derived from the flow properties of the component in the component chamber of the cell. The flow characteristic may be derived from at least one electrical parameter representative of the power consumed by the actuator from the power source as measured by the sensor. Depending on the type of beverage, the ingredient used (e.g. ground coffee, instant coffee, tea or milk concentrate or powder) may thus be more or less resistant to a flow or liquid through the ingredient.

The properties of the capsule can be measured in the following cases: when the capsule is located in the ingredient compartment of the unit or when the capsule is provided to the ingredient compartment of the unit, e.g. at the level of the channels, e.g. as disclosed in WO2012123440, WO 2014/056641, WO 2014/056642 and 2015/086371.

The measurable capsule properties may be mechanical electrical, magnetic and/or optical capsule properties. At least one of a color, pattern, shape, conductivity, capacitive conductivity, inductive conductivity, and permeability of the capsule may be measured.

For example, the capsule used may be a closed capsule and the property or property measured is the required opening force or pressure, for example provided by liquid supplied by a pump. When the capsule contains an ingredient that provides a significant resistance against the liquid flow, such as compacted ground coffee, then the resistance caused by this additional ingredient will be reflected in the measured characteristic.

The invention also relates to the use of a capsule containing ingredients for mixing with a liquid from a pump in an ingredient compartment of a machine as described above to prepare a beverage to be dispensed via an outlet.

Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for preparing and dispensing a beverage by operating the machine described above.

The beverage preparation machine may comprise one or more of the following components:

a) a brewing unit (as a beverage ingredient unit) for receiving an ingredient of the beverage, in particular a pre-portioned ingredient (e.g. coffee or tea) provided within the capsule, and for directing an incoming flow of liquid, such as water, through such ingredient to a beverage outlet;

b) one or more fluid connection members for directing the liquid from a liquid source, such as a liquid tank, to a beverage outlet; and

c) one or more electrical sensors for sensing at least one operating characteristic selected from the group consisting of characteristics of a beverage ingredient unit (such as the brewing unit described above), an in-line thermal regulator, a pump, a liquid tank, an ingredient collector, liquid flow, liquid pressure, and liquid temperature, and for communicating one or more such characteristics to the control unit.

The thermal regulator may be a heater block or an On Demand Heater (ODH) type heater, for example of the ODH type disclosed in EP 1253844, EP 1380243 and EP 1809151.

The components of the machine may be fully or substantially automatically assembled as disclosed in WO 2009/130099.

Drawings

The invention will now be described with reference to the schematic drawings, in which:

figure 1 shows the internal structure of a beverage preparation machine arranged with a pump according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the pump fluid inlet, outlet and chamber of the pump of the machine of FIG. 1;

figure 3 is a perspective cut-away view of the pump of the machine of figure 1;

figure 4 is a perspective view of the actuator and transmission of the pump of the machine of figure 1; and is

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the pump of figure 1, wherein the pump is electrically connected to a power source associated with a sensor for measuring at least one electrical parameter representative of the power consumed by the actuator, schematically illustrated, from the power source; and is

Figure 6 is an enlarged side view of the ingredient capsule extracted by the machine of figure 1.

Detailed Description

In the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 1 to 6, the beverage preparation machine 1 has a liquid source 2,3 (such as a water source) and a dispensing outlet 4 connected via a pump 10. The liquid source may have a liquid tank 2 and a connection line 3 for connecting the tank 2 to a pump 10.

The pump 10 comprises a chamber 11 and a displaceable wall 12 delimiting the chamber 11. Displaceable wall 12 is joined to one or more adjacent (typically static) chamber walls 122, for example by a seal 121 (e.g., an O-ring or lip seal).

The pump 10 also has an electric actuator 13 for driving the displaceable wall 12 between the first and second positions, thereby causing liquid to flow from the

sources

2,3 into the chamber 11 and causing liquid to flow from the chamber 11 to the dispensing outlet 4. For example, such liquids are passed through a thermal regulator 8, such as a heater and/or cooler, by a pump 10.

The pump 10 includes a power unit 14 having a power source 142 and configured to provide power to the actuator 13. The power unit 14 may be connected to the mains or a different power supply, such as a battery or a transformer (DC) and/or a renewable energy source (solar photovoltaic power supply) by means of an electrical plug or connector 141.

The power unit 14 has a sensor 143 for measuring at least one electrical parameter representative of the power consumed by the actuator 13 from the power source 142.

The power unit 14 includes a control unit 144 connected to the sensor 143 and the power source 142. The control unit 144 is configured to control the power provided by the power source 142 to the actuator 13 according to: at least one measured parameter; and a desired liquid input into the chamber 11 and/or a desired liquid output from the chamber 11, such as a desired flow rate and/or pressure of the liquid input and/or liquid output.

The control unit 144 may control the thermal regulator 8, such as a heater and/or a cooler.

The control unit 144 may control the opening and closing of the ingredient unit 6 and/or the door 7 thereto.

The control unit 144 may be connected to the user interface 5 or a communication module communicating with an external device, such as a network and/or a portable device (e.g., a smartphone), through a wired or wireless connection.

The chamber 11 may have a pump inlet 111 in fluid connection with the

liquid sources

2,3 and a pump outlet 112 in fluid connection with the dispensing outlet 4. Such pump inlet 111 may have a check valve 111a for preventing liquid from flowing out of the chamber 11 via the inlet 111. The pump outlet 112 may have a check valve 112a for preventing liquid from flowing into the chamber 11 via the outlet 112. Typically, the chamber 11 forms a single chamber into which such inlet 111 and outlet 112 extend.

The actuator typically comprises a motor 13 connected to the displaceable wall 12 by a transmission 15.

In the case of an electromagnetic pump, the actuator may be formed by an electric solenoid that magnetically drives a piston to reciprocate in the pump.

The transmission 15 associated with the motor 13 may comprise a gear arrangement, such as a spur gear arrangement, for example a device comprising one or more of a (toothed) wheel 151, a (toothed) pinion 152, a worm or an archimedean screw 154, such as the toothed wheel 151 being connected via the toothed pinion 152 to another toothed wheel 153 which is intermeshed with the archimedean screw 154 fixed to the displaceable wall 12. An example of such an embodiment is shown in fig. 4. For example, sufficient clearance is provided between the archimedes screw 154 and the displaceable wall 12 to compensate for manufacturing and assembly tolerances, e.g., to avoid or minimize constraints caused by off-axis rotation of the archimedes screw. For example, the wall 12 is freely mounted on the archimedes screw 154.

The transmission 15 may include at least one chain or belt, such as a toothed belt 155. An example of such an embodiment is shown in fig. 5, in which respect a variation of the embodiment of fig. 4 is shown.

The control unit 144 may be configured to control the power supply 142 to provide a desired voltage, such as a constant or variable voltage, for example an alternating voltage at a fixed or adjustable frequency and/or a fixed or adjustable amplitude, to the electric actuator 13. The sensor 143 may be configured to measure, as at least one parameter, the current draw of the actuator 13 at a desired voltage.

The control unit 144 may be configured to control the power source 142 to provide a desired current, such as a constant or variable current, for example an alternating current at a fixed or adjustable frequency and/or a fixed or adjustable amplitude, to the electric actuator 13. The sensor 143 may be configured to measure, as at least one parameter, a voltage uptake of the actuator 13 at a desired current.

The control unit 144 may be configured to:

-performing a comparison, such as a comparison over time of at least one measured parameter and a predetermined reference stored in the control unit, such as a predetermined reference selected from: a factory stored benchmark; the predetermined reference stored by the update control unit 144, for example, by wired or wireless update; and a predetermined reference provided specifically for the beverage supply, such as a predetermined reference associated with an ingredient of the beverage supply or with a user input specific to the beverage supply; and

controlling the power supplied to the actuator 13 as a function of the comparison.

The control unit 144 may be configured to regulate the voltage intake of the actuator 13 from the power supply 142 to ensure that a desired current intake of the actuator 13 is derived by measuring the current intake as at least one parameter with the sensor 143, for example to provide liquid at a desired pressure from the chamber 11 to the dispensing outlet 4.

The control unit 144 may be configured to adjust the current intake of the actuator 13 from the power supply 142 to ensure that a desired voltage intake of the actuator 13 is derived by measuring the voltage intake as at least one parameter with the sensor 143, for example to provide liquid at a desired flow rate (ml/min) from the chamber 11 to the outlet 4.

The control unit 144 may be configured to take a safety measure when the difference between the measured parameter and the predetermined reference exceeds a tolerance value, such as a value of more than 5%, for example more than 10%, for example more than 20% of the predetermined reference, optionally the safety measure comprises interrupting the power supply to the actuator 13 and/or providing a corresponding indication on the user interface 5.

The control unit 144 may be configured to take safety measures when the measured parameter increases or decreases at a rate whose absolute value is greater than a predetermined threshold, such as the rate of increase of the current intake of the actuator 13 being greater than a current increase threshold, or the absolute value of the rate of decrease of the predetermined voltage intake being greater than a predetermined voltage decrease threshold. The absolute value of the rate of increase or decrease may be constantly greater than a predetermined threshold for a minimum period of time, for example, greater than 0.2 or 0.5 or 1.0 seconds. The measured parameter may reach a threshold value that is delayed by at least 10%, such as at least 20%, from a predetermined reference, or reaches a predetermined extreme value, such as 0 or a saturation value or a predetermined fraction of the saturation value or a predetermined absolute value of the power supply 142.

The control unit 144 may be configured to interrupt power to the actuator 13 if: the displaceable wall 12 delimiting the chamber 11 reaches an end wall 12a of the chamber 11 or an end position 12b determined physically or by a sensor, for example by a magnetic or optical sensor 146 or by a mechanical stop 12 c. See fig. 1 and 2.

The pump 10 may be configured to drive liquid from the

source

2,3 towards the outlet 4 via a unit 6 arranged to receive a beverage ingredient (e.g. coffee or tea or cocoa or milk) in the ingredient chamber 61. The ingredients supplied within the capsule 9 may be provided into the unit 6 via a channel 7, such as a channel associated with a door. See fig. 1 and 6. Thus, the ingredients may be mixed with the liquid to form a beverage to be dispensed from the unit 6 via the outlet 4. Ingredients may be provided within a capsule 9 having a cup 90 and a lid 91 extending beyond the cup 90 to form a circumferential flange 92. See fig. 6.

The control unit 44 may be configured to: performing a comparison, such as a comparison of the at least one measured parameter with a predetermined reference associated with the component over time; and controlling the power supplied to the actuator 13 according to the comparison. For example, the control unit 44 controls the power supplied to the actuator 13 so as to minimize the difference between the predetermined reference and the at least one measured parameter.

The predetermined reference may be derived from characteristics of user input through or associated with the ingredient and/or the capsule 9 containing the ingredient.

The properties of the component can be derived from the flow properties of the component in the chamber 61 of the unit 6. The flow characteristic may be derived from at least one electrical parameter representative of the power consumed by the actuator 13 from the power source 142 as measured by the sensor 143. Depending on the type of beverage, the ingredients used (e.g. ground and/or instant coffee, tea or milk concentrate or powder) may thus be more or less resistant to the liquid flow therethrough.

The properties of the capsule 9 can be measured in the following cases: capsule 9 is located in ingredient chamber 61 of unit 6, for example as disclosed in WO 2011/000723, WO 2011/000725 and WO 2012/000878. The properties of the capsule 9 can be measured in the following cases: when a capsule 9 is located in the ingredient chamber 61 of the unit 6 or when a capsule 9 is provided to the ingredient chamber 61 of the unit 6, e.g. at the level of the channel 7, e.g. as disclosed in WO2012123440, WO 2014/056641, WO 2014/056642 and WO 2015/086371.

The measurable properties of the capsule 9 may be mechanical, electrical, magnetic and/or optical capsule properties. At least one of a color, pattern, shape, conductivity, capacitive conductivity, inductive conductivity, and permeability of the capsule may be measured. For example, the capsule 9 may be a closed capsule and the property or property measured is a desired opening force or pressure, for example provided by liquid supplied by the pump 10. When the capsule contains an ingredient that provides a significant resistance against the liquid flow (e.g. compacted coffee), then the resistance caused by such additional ingredient will be reflected in the measured characteristic.

Claims

1. Beverage preparation machine (1) comprising a liquid source (2,3) and a dispensing outlet (4) connected via a pump (10) having:

-a chamber (11);

-a displaceable wall (12) delimiting the chamber (11);

-an electric actuator (13), the electric actuator (13) driving the displaceable wall (12) between a first position and a second position, causing a flow of liquid from the liquid source into the chamber (11) and a flow of liquid from the chamber (11) to the dispensing outlet (4) via a thermal regulator (8); and

-a power unit (14), the power unit (14) comprising a power source (142) and being configured for providing power to the electric actuator (13),

characterized in that said power unit (14) further comprises:

-a sensor (143) for measuring at least one electrical parameter representative of the power consumed by the electric actuator (13) from the power supply (142); and

-a control unit (144) connected to the sensor (143) and the power source (142), the control unit (144) being configured to control the power supplied by the power source (142) to the electric actuator (13) according to:

-at least one measured parameter; and

-a desired liquid input into the chamber (11) and/or a desired liquid output from the chamber (11),

wherein the control unit is configured to adjust the voltage intake to provide liquid from the chamber (11) to the dispensing outlet (4) at a desired pressure and/or to adjust the current intake to provide liquid from the chamber (11) to the dispensing outlet (4) at a desired flow rate, the desired pressure or desired flow rate being varied to obtain a desired flow/pressure profile, or the flow/pressure profile being adjusted according to the composition.

2. A machine according to claim 1, wherein the chamber (11) has a pump inlet (111) in fluid connection with the liquid source (2,3) and a pump outlet (112) in fluid connection with the dispensing outlet (4), the pump inlet (111) having a check valve (111a) to prevent liquid from flowing out of the chamber via the pump inlet, the pump outlet (112) having a check valve (112a) to prevent liquid from flowing into the chamber via the pump outlet, the chamber (11) forming a single chamber into which the pump inlet and pump outlet extend.

3. The machine of claim 1, wherein the chamber comprises an upstream chamber having a pump inlet and a downstream chamber having a pump outlet, the upstream and downstream chambers being connected via a check valve on the displaceable wall between the downstream and upstream chambers, the check valve allowing liquid to flow from the upstream chamber to the downstream chamber and preventing reverse flow.

4. A machine according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the electric actuator comprises a motor connected to the displaceable wall (12) by a transmission (15).

5. A machine according to claim 4, wherein said transmission means (15) comprise gear means.

6. A machine according to claim 4, wherein said transmission means (15) comprise at least one chain or belt.

7. The machine of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the control unit (144) is configured to control the power source (142) to provide a desired voltage to the electric actuator (13), the sensor (143) being configured to measure current uptake of the electric actuator (13) at the desired voltage as the at least one parameter.

8. The machine of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the control unit (144) is configured to control the power source (142) to provide a desired current to the electric actuator (13), the sensor (143) being configured to measure a voltage uptake of the electric actuator (13) at the desired current as the at least one parameter.

9. The machine of any of claims 1-3, wherein the control unit (144) is configured to:

-performing a comparison of said at least one measured parameter with a predetermined reference stored in said control unit over time; and

-controlling the power provided to the electric actuator (13) as a function of the comparison.

10. The machine of claim 9, wherein the control unit (144) is configured to regulate:

-the electric actuator (13) derives a voltage intake from the power supply (142) to ensure that a desired current intake of the electric actuator is derived by measuring the current intake as at least one parameter with the sensor (143) for providing the liquid from the chamber (11) to the dispensing outlet (4) at a desired pressure; and/or

-the electric actuator (13) current intake from the power supply (142) to ensure that a desired voltage intake of the electric actuator (13) is derived by measuring the voltage intake as at least one parameter with the sensor (143) to provide the liquid from the chamber (11) to the dispensing outlet (4) at a desired flow rate.

11. The machine of claim 9, wherein the control unit (144) is configured to take safety measures if:

-the difference between the measured parameter and the predetermined reference exceeds a tolerance value; and/or

-the measured parameter is increased or decreased at a rate at which the absolute value is greater than a predetermined threshold.

12. A machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the control unit (144) is configured to interrupt the power supply to the electric actuator (13) if: the displaceable wall (12) delimiting the chamber (11) reaches an end wall (12a) of the chamber (11) or an end position (12b) determined physically or by a sensor.

13. The machine of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the pump (10) is configured to drive the liquid from the liquid source (2,3) towards the dispensing outlet (4) via a unit (6) arranged to receive beverage ingredients in an ingredient chamber (61), ingredients supplied within a capsule (9) being provided into the unit (6) via a passage (7) in order to mix the ingredients with the liquid, thereby forming a beverage to be dispensed from the unit (6) via the dispensing outlet (4).

14. The machine of claim 13, wherein the control unit (144) is configured to:

-performing a comparison of said at least one measured parameter with a predetermined reference associated with said component over time; and

15. The beverage preparation machine according to claim 1, wherein the displaceable wall is a displaceable wall (12) joined to one or more adjacent chamber walls (122) by a seal (121).

16. The beverage preparation machine of claim 15, wherein the seal is an O-ring.

17. The beverage preparation machine of claim 1, wherein the thermal regulator is a heater and/or a cooler.

18. The beverage preparation machine of claim 1, wherein the sensor is at least one of an ammeter, voltmeter, and potentiometer.

19. The beverage preparation machine according to claim 1, wherein the control unit (144) is configured to control the electrical power provided by the power source (142) to the electrical actuator (13) in dependence on a desired flow and/or pressure of the liquid input and/or the liquid output.

20. A beverage preparation machine according to claim 5, wherein the gear arrangement is a spur gear arrangement.

21. A beverage preparation machine according to claim 5, wherein the gear arrangement is an arrangement comprising one or more of a toothed wheel (151,153), a toothed pinion (152), a worm or an Archimedean screw (154).

22. A beverage preparation machine according to claim 21, wherein a toothed wheel (151) is connected via a toothed pinion (152) to another toothed wheel (153) which is intermeshed with an archimedean screw (154) fixed to the displaceable wall (12).

23. A beverage preparation machine according to claim 6, wherein said transmission means (15) comprise a toothed belt (155).

24. A beverage preparation machine according to claim 7, wherein the desired voltage is a constant or variable voltage.

25. A beverage preparation machine according to claim 24, wherein the desired voltage is an alternating voltage at a fixed or adjustable frequency and/or at a fixed or adjustable amplitude.

26. The beverage preparation machine according to claim 8, wherein the desired current is a constant or variable current.

27. A beverage preparation machine according to claim 26, wherein the desired current is an alternating current at a fixed or adjustable frequency and/or at a fixed or adjustable amplitude.

28. The beverage preparation machine according to claim 9, wherein the predetermined criteria are selected from the group consisting of: a factory stored benchmark; -updating the predetermined reference stored by the control unit (144) by wire or wirelessly; and a predetermined reference provided specifically for the beverage supply.

29. The beverage preparation machine of claim 28, wherein the predetermined reference provided specifically for a beverage supply is a predetermined reference associated with an ingredient of the beverage supply or with a user input specific to the beverage supply.

30. A beverage preparation machine according to claim 11, wherein said tolerance value is a value greater than 5% of said predetermined reference.

31. A beverage preparation machine according to claim 30, wherein said tolerance value is a value greater than 10% of said predetermined reference.

32. A beverage preparation machine according to claim 31, wherein said tolerance value is a value greater than 20% of said predetermined reference.

33. The beverage preparation machine according to claim 11, wherein the safety measure comprises interrupting the power supply to the electric actuator (13) and/or providing a corresponding indication on a user interface (5).

34. The beverage preparation machine according to claim 11, the electrical actuator (13) having a rate of increase of current intake greater than a current increase threshold, or a rate of decrease of a predetermined voltage intake having an absolute value greater than a predetermined voltage decrease threshold.

35. The beverage preparation machine according to claim 11,

-the absolute value of the rate of increase or decrease is constantly greater than said predetermined threshold for a minimum period of time; and/or

-the measured parameter reaches a threshold value, said threshold value being delayed at least 10% from a predetermined reference value, or said threshold value reaching a predetermined extreme value.

36. The beverage preparation machine according to claim 35, said time period exceeding 0.2 seconds.

37. The beverage preparation machine according to claim 36, said time period exceeding 0.5 seconds.

38. The beverage preparation machine according to claim 37, said time period exceeding 1.0 second.

39. The beverage preparation machine according to claim 35, said predetermined extreme value being 0 or a saturation value of said power source (142) or a predetermined fraction or a predetermined absolute value of said saturation value.

40. The beverage preparation machine according to claim 12, said end position being an end position determined by a magnetic or optical sensor (146) or an end position determined by a mechanical stop (12 c).

41. The beverage preparation machine according to claim 13, the ingredient being an ingredient provided within a capsule (9) having a cup (90) and a lid (91) extending beyond the cup (90) to form a circumferential flange (92).

42. The beverage preparation machine according to claim 14, said predetermined reference being derivable from a characteristic of the ingredient and/or a capsule (9) containing the ingredient or a user input associated with the ingredient.

43. The beverage preparation machine of claim 42, said characteristic being at least one of:

-flow characteristics of the ingredient in an ingredient chamber (61) of the unit (6) derived from said at least one electrical parameter representative of the power consumed by the electric actuator (13) from the power source (142) measured by the sensor (143);

-a characteristic of the capsule (9) measured in the following cases: when the capsule (9) is located in an ingredient chamber (61) of the unit (6) or when the capsule (9) is provided to the ingredient chamber (61) of the unit (6) at the level of the channel (7).

44. The beverage preparation machine of claim 43, said characteristic being a mechanical, electrical, magnetic and/or optical capsule characteristic.

45. The beverage preparation machine of claim 44, the characteristic being at least one of a color, a pattern, a shape, an electrical conductivity, a capacitive conductivity, an inductive conductivity, and a magnetic permeability of the capsule.

46. A beverage preparation machine according to claim 14, wherein the power provided to the electric actuator (13) is controlled to minimize the difference between the predetermined reference and the at least one measured parameter.

47. Use of a capsule (9) containing ingredients for mixing with the liquid from the pump (10) in the ingredient chamber (61) of the machine according to claim 13 to prepare a beverage to be dispensed via the dispensing outlet (4).