CN109309462B - Energy internet generator system efficiency optimization control method - Google Patents

Energy internet generator system efficiency optimization control method Download PDF

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CN109309462B
CN109309462B CN201810440119.9A CN201810440119A CN109309462B CN 109309462 B CN109309462 B CN 109309462B CN 201810440119 A CN201810440119 A CN 201810440119A CN 109309462 B CN109309462 B CN 109309462B
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theta
angle
current
value
rotor position
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CN109309462A (en
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陈昊
王星
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Yantai Xianwei Electromechanical Co ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/009Circuit arrangements for detecting rotor position
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/14Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2101/00Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators

Abstract

The invention disclosesAn efficiency optimization control method for a novel energy internet generator system comprises the steps of firstly deducing a parameter theta according to a mathematical model and electromagnetic characteristics of a switched reluctance generatorpCharacteristic value (θ) ofpThe rotor position angle corresponding to the current reference value is reached for the first time by the phase current); then according to the parameter thetapDeriving a parameter thetaeCharacteristic value of
Figure DDA0001655706890000011
eRotor position angle corresponding to the freewheeling current dropping to zero); finally, two PI closed loops are adopted to respectively adjust the on-off angle so as to lead the parameter theta to bepAnd thetaeLocated near the feature value. Meanwhile, current chopping control is adopted, so that the generated power is changed along with the change of the target power, and the automatic adjustment of the switching angle and the online optimization of the efficiency are realized. The method does not need to estimate mechanical power, and is used for measuring theta which is relatively easy and is not interfered by the outside worldpAnd thetaeThe method has the advantages of simple implementation mode, high dynamic response speed, high optimization precision and good engineering application value.

Description

Energy internet generator system efficiency optimization control method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of energy Internet, and relates to an energy Internet generator system efficiency optimization control method.
Background
The switched reluctance generator has been successfully applied to many occasions due to simple structure, low manufacturing cost, strong fault-tolerant capability, high operation reliability and higher efficiency in a wider rotating speed range. The mathematical model formed by the voltage equation, the flux linkage equation, the torque equation and the motion equation accurately and completely describes the electromagnetic and mechanical relationship theoretically, but the switched reluctance generator has a doubly salient structure so that the electromagnetic characteristic of the switched reluctance generator has serious nonlinearity, so that the mathematical models are rarely applied in practice. An accurate loss analysis model of the switched reluctance generator cannot be established, so that an accurate analysis function between the switching angle and the system output power or the generating efficiency is difficult to obtain, and therefore, the optimal switching angle cannot be derived through a calculation method. The current switching angle optimization method mainly comprises the following steps: an off-line data optimization method and an on-line optimization method. The off-line data optimization method obtains the optimal switching angle of the switched reluctance generator system under different working conditions through simulation or experiment, establishes the mapping relation between the optimal switching angle and the physical quantities (rotating speed, current reference value, target power and bus voltage) of the system running state, and then leads the mapping relation into a lookup table, so that the optimal switching angle can be output on line according to the physical quantities of the running state in the running process of the system. The system performance optimization result is related to the dimension of the lookup table and the amount of stored data. The high dimensionality and the large amount of data can improve the system performance, but a large amount of memory is occupied, more computing resources are consumed, and higher requirements are imposed on the operation speed and the storage space of the processor. Meanwhile, with the change of the operating condition, environment and time of the switched reluctance generator system, the optimal switching angle also changes, so that statically acquired offline data cannot always obtain better control performance. The online optimization method does not depend on a mathematical model and structural parameters of the generator, and the switch angle is adjusted in an iterative manner through the optimization algorithm, so that the power generation efficiency of the system is continuously increased and is finally stabilized at an optimal value. The rapidity and accuracy of the optimization algorithm are determined by the initial point (optimization interval) and the step size. The larger step length can shorten the time of the generator system reaching the vicinity of the optimal value, but the system oscillation is easily caused, and the accuracy of the optimization algorithm and the stability of the system are reduced. And shortening the step length can improve the optimization precision and enhance the system stability, but needs to consume a large amount of time, and reduces the rapidity of the algorithm. In addition, along with the change of the operation condition, the switched reluctance generator system needs to restart the optimization algorithm, power closed-loop control is performed for many times, and the consumed time is long. Meanwhile, estimating the mechanical power not only consumes processor resources, but also the estimation result is easily affected by measurement errors and external interference.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or the improvement requirement of the prior art, the invention provides an efficiency optimization control method of a switched reluctance generator system. And deducing a parameter characteristic value corresponding to the optimal efficiency of the system operation according to a mathematical model and electromagnetic characteristics of the switched reluctance generator, then adopting a PI closed loop, and enabling system parameters to be close to the characteristic value by adjusting an on angle and an off angle, thereby automatically completing the switch angle optimization control and realizing the optimal system power generation efficiency.
A switched reluctance generator system efficiency optimization control method is characterized by comprising the following steps: according to the symmetry principle of the switched reluctance generator, flux linkage-current data corresponding to rotor position angles of 0 degrees, 7.5 degrees, 15 degrees and 22.5 degrees are obtained through experimental measurement, and a high-order Fourier series is adopted to establish function relation between flux linkages and rotor position angles and phase currentsFitting a high-order Fourier series by using magnetic linkage-current data of four special position angles to obtain a coefficient matrix, thereby establishing mapping from any rotor position angle and any current to magnetic linkage; then, phase inductance is obtained according to the magnetic linkage, an expression of phase inductance angle partial derivative is obtained, the expression of phase inductance angle partial derivative is solved, and the angle theta can be obtainedLTo maximize the absolute value of the phase inductance to the angle partial derivative and to effectively utilize the region where the absolute value of the rotary electromotive force is large, the phase current is required to reach θLSufficient excitation has been previously established, i.e. θ is satisfiedPLpThe rotor position angle corresponding to the current reference value is reached for the first time by the phase current); finally, through simulation and experiment, theta corresponding to optimal efficiency of the switched reluctance generator system in operation under different working conditions is obtainedPOptimizing the interval; while at the same time according to the parameter thetapDeriving a parameter thetaeCharacteristic value of
Figure GDA0003332799850000021
eFor the rotor position angle corresponding to the reduction of the follow current to zero), and two PI closed loops are adopted to respectively adjust the on-angle and the off-angle so as to enable the parameter thetapAnd thetaeAnd the system is positioned near the characteristic value, so that the optimal power generation efficiency of the system is realized.
According to the parameter thetapDeriving a parameter thetaeCharacteristic value of
Figure GDA0003332799850000022
The method comprises the following steps: the operation process of the switched reluctance generator system is divided into two stages, namely an excitation stage and a follow current stage, and corresponding flux linkage amplitude expressions are respectively as follows:
Figure GDA0003332799850000023
wherein (a) and (b), are combined to obtain
Figure GDA0003332799850000024
Comprises the following steps:
Figure GDA0003332799850000025
in the medium-low speed chopping mode, the output voltage is in thetapFollowed by current chopping, will
Figure GDA0003332799850000026
The expression is rewritten as:
Figure GDA0003332799850000027
wherein
Figure GDA0003332799850000028
Is thetaeCharacteristic value ofmaxIs the amplitude of the flux linkage of the winding, thetaonTo the opening angle, thetapFor the first time the phase current reaches the rotor position angle, theta, corresponding to the current reference valueeFor rotor position angle, U, at which the follow current decreases to zerodcFor bus voltage, UDIs a freewheeling diode drop, iphIs phase current, RphBeing a phase winding, θbTo compensate for the angle.
Adjusting the opening angle to make the parameter theta during the operation of the switched reluctance generator systempAt a value near the characteristic value, the off angle is adjusted to thetaeFollow feature value
Figure GDA0003332799850000029
And at the same time, adjusting the current reference value to make the generated power change following the change of the target power.
The turn-off angle is determined by three parts, namely characteristic values
Figure GDA00033327998500000210
And the actual thetaeIs passed through the output value (first part) of the PI regulator, the current reference value and ip(ipIs the rotor position angle thetapCorresponding phase current) through the output value (second part) of the dead-zone module and the compensation angle thetab(third part); the second part is arranged to avoid that the phase current cannot reach the current reference value due to a small conduction angle, so that the power closed loop fails; when the turn-off angle is larger, the phase current canWhen the current reference value is reached, the output value of the second part is zero, namely the second part does not play a role, and the first part and the third part jointly determine a turn-off angle; when the turn-off angle is smaller, the current cannot reach the current reference value, the output value of the second part is not zero, the second part plays a role, and the three parts jointly determine the turn-off angle.
Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the method does not need to estimate the mechanical power, and is used for measuring the theta which is relatively easy and is not interfered by the outside worldppThe phase current reaches the rotor position angle corresponding to the current reference value for the first time), and the measurement is simple, the rapidity is good, and the accuracy is high. In addition, the excitation parameters can be changed on line according to the system operation condition to ensure that the system power generation efficiency is optimal, and the method has the advantages of high regulation speed and high control precision
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a component of a switched reluctance generator system.
Fig. 2 is a switched reluctance generator operation process.
Fig. 3 is a graph of phase inductance and inductance versus angle deviation.
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an efficiency optimization control scheme.
Detailed Description
Examples of the invention are further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
the switched reluctance generator system mainly comprises a prime mover, a switched reluctance generator, a power converter, a control system, an excitation power supply and a load, and is shown in fig. 1. The switched reluctance generator is used as the core of electromechanical energy conversion, and converts mechanical energy input from the outside into electric energy under the dragging of a prime motor. The power converter is used as a channel for energy conversion, and a direct-current power supply additionally arranged at the excitation stage is excited for a winding through the power converter; and in the follow current stage, the winding feeds energy back to the load through the power converter. The controller is used as a central part of the whole system, external given quantity and running state quantity are sampled, comprehensive processing is carried out according to a certain control strategy, and a gate control signal of the main switching tube is output, so that the switched reluctance generator can run safely and efficiently.
1. Excitation parameter optimization modeling
The operation process of the switched reluctance generator is divided into an excitation phase and a freewheeling phase, as shown in fig. 2. At thetaonWhen the main switch device is switched on, the winding is excited, the phase current rises, and the current change rate is (a) in the formula (1). At thetaPAnd (c) when the instantaneous value of the time phase current is greater than the current reference value, closing the main switching device, feeding energy back to the load by the winding, and setting the current change rate as (c) in the formula (1). At θ when the switched reluctance generator operates in the medium-low speed chopping modePThen, the winding is excited, and the current change rate is (b) in the formula (1). As can be seen from comparison between (b) and (c) in equation (1), the rising rate of the phase current is much greater than the falling rate in the inductance falling region, that is, the excitation interval is much smaller than the freewheel interval in this stage, and therefore, it can be considered that the freewheel stage is continued thereafter. In summary, θPThe moment of occurrence of the excitation process and the moment of occurrence of the follow current process can be changed by adjusting the angle as a boundary point of the excitation stage and the follow current stage. According to the electromagnetic characteristics of the switched reluctance generator, theta is reasonably arrangedPThe power generation performance of the system can be obviously improved.
Figure GDA0003332799850000031
In the formula iphFor phase current, UdcFor bus voltage, UDIs a freewheeling diode drop, L is a phase inductance, ephIs a rotational electromotive force.
The excitation process of the switched reluctance generator needs to absorb energy from a power supply and convert the energy into magnetic field energy storage, and the rapid excitation has important significance for enhancing the power output capability of a system and improving the power generation efficiency. Comparing (a) and (b) in formula (1) shows that: in the inductance reduction area, due to the reversal of the rotary electromotive force, under the common excitation of the excitation bus voltage and the rotary electromotive force, the phase current rises faster, and the excitation capacity is enhanced. And in the inductance rising area, the phase current rises slowly, the excitation capability is weakened, and meanwhile, a forward torque can be generated, so that the efficient operation of the generator is not facilitated. In addition, considering that the inductance reduction region is mainly used for the follow current generation process, part of the excitation process is arrangedThe inductor descending area is reasonable. The inductance curve and the inductance versus angle deviation curve of the switched reluctance generator are shown in fig. 3, and the phase inductance decreases with the increase of the current, i.e. the inductance value decreases with the saturation of the magnetic circuit; meanwhile, the inductance is increased and then reduced along with the increase of the angle, namely, the maximum inductance is obtained when the salient poles of the stator and the rotor are aligned; the partial derivative of the inductance to the angle in the inductance reduction area is firstly reduced and then increased along with the increase of the angle, namely, the angle theta existsLThe absolute value of the inductance to the angular partial derivative is maximized. The product of the angular velocity and the angular derivative of the inductance is the rotary electromotive force ephRotary electromotive force and phase current iphSince the product of the two is electromagnetic power, in order to effectively utilize a region where the absolute value of the rotary electromotive force is large and to improve the electromagnetic power and the power generation efficiency, it is necessary that the phase current reaches θLSufficient excitation has been previously established, i.e. θ is satisfiedPL. Meanwhile, the influence of the current on the phase inductance is considered, and theta is obtained by solving according to the formula (2)LThe minimum is 32.1 deg..
Figure GDA0003332799850000041
In the formula, #phFor flux linkage of windings, M4x7To fit the coefficient matrix, θ is the rotor position angle.
The rotating speed of the switched reluctance generator is changed from 500r/min to 1200r/min at intervals of 100r/min, the target power is changed from 100W to 500W at intervals of 50W, simulation and experiments are carried out, and theta corresponding to the optimal efficiency of the system in different working conditions is obtainedP,θPIs [30 DEG, 31 DEG ]]。
The freewheeling stage of the switched reluctance generator delivers the magnetic field energy storage converted from mechanical energy to the load. In the high-speed single-pulse mode, in order to avoid chopping the phase currents again, the turn-off angle needs to satisfy: thetaPoff. In the medium-low speed chopping mode, in order to fully utilize the inductance drop zone, the turn-off angle needs to be properly delayed. When the turn-off angle is large, the follow current stage of the phase current can extend to the inductance rising area, and the power generation performance of the system is seriously influenced, so the generator system is considered to be at medium and low speedAnd the requirement for the turn-off angle at high speed, and provides an automatic turn-off angle adjusting method.
The winding flux linkage of the switched reluctance generator is determined by phase voltage, phase current and winding internal resistance and is calculated by the formula (3). In the combined type (3), (a) and (b) can be obtained irrespective of the voltage drop of the internal resistance of the winding
Figure GDA0003332799850000042
Is represented by formula (4). In the middle-low speed chopping mode, because of thetapThen, current chopping is carried out, so that equation (4) is rewritten to (5) where θbTo compensate for the angle, theta corresponding to the optimal efficiency is determined through experimentsb
Figure GDA0003332799850000043
Figure GDA0003332799850000044
Figure GDA0003332799850000045
In the formula
Figure GDA0003332799850000046
Is thetaeCharacteristic value ofmaxIs the amplitude of the flux linkage of the winding, thetaonTo the opening angle, thetapFor the first time the phase current reaches the rotor position angle, theta, corresponding to the current reference valueeFor rotor position angle, R, at which the follow current decreases to zerophBeing a phase winding, θbTo compensate for the angle
In summary, during the operation of the switched reluctance generator system, when θ is equal topIs stabilized in an optimized interval of [30 degrees and 31 degrees ]],θeFollow feature value
Figure GDA0003332799850000051
The power generation performance of the system can be improved when the change of the voltage is changed. WhileθpRelated to the opening angle, thetaeDependent on the turn-off angle, theta can thus be adjusted by adjusting the turn-on angle and the turn-off anglepAnd thetaeMeets the requirements. The efficiency optimization control scheme is schematically illustrated in fig. 4. The input of the angle and current observation module is a rotor position angle theta and a phase current iphAnd a current reference value IrefOutput is thetap、θeAnd ipWherein ipIs the rotor position angle thetapCorresponding phase current, will thetaonAnd thetapIs calculated by substituting into the formula (5)
Figure GDA0003332799850000052
Angle of closure thetaoffDetermined by three parts, respectively given
Figure GDA0003332799850000053
And the actual thetaeIs passed through the output value of the PI regulator, the current reference value and ipIs passed through the output value of the dead zone module and the compensation angle thetab. The second part is set to avoid that the phase current cannot reach the current reference value due to the small conduction angle, and the power closed loop fails. When the current can reach the current reference value when the turn-off angle is larger, the output value of the second part is zero, namely the second part does not play a role, and the turn-off angle is determined by the first part and the third part together; when the turn-off angle is smaller, the current cannot reach the current reference value, the output value of the second part is not zero, the second part plays a role, and the three parts jointly determine the turn-off angle. In addition, given
Figure GDA0003332799850000054
And the actual thetapThe difference value of (A) is output to an opening angle through a PI regulator, and the power P is givenrefAnd the generated power PoutThe difference value of (d) is passed through a PI regulator to output a current reference value. When the three PI regulators reach stability at the same time, the system operates in an efficiency optimal state, and the on-line optimization of the switching angle is realized.

Claims (3)

1. Energy internet power generationThe machine system efficiency optimization control method is characterized by comprising the following steps: according to the symmetry principle of the switched reluctance generator, flux linkage-current data corresponding to rotor position angles of 0 degrees, 7.5 degrees, 15 degrees and 22.5 degrees are obtained through experimental measurement, a functional relation between the flux linkage and the rotor position angle and a phase current is established by adopting a high-order Fourier series, the high-order Fourier series is fitted by using the flux linkage-current data of four special position angles, a coefficient matrix is obtained, and therefore mapping of any rotor position angle and any current to the flux linkage is established; then, phase inductance is obtained according to the magnetic linkage, an expression of phase inductance angle partial derivative is obtained, the expression of phase inductance angle partial derivative is solved, and the angle theta can be obtainedLTo maximize the absolute value of the phase inductance to the angle partial derivative and to effectively utilize the region where the absolute value of the rotary electromotive force is large, the phase current is required to reach θLSufficient excitation has been previously established, i.e. θ is satisfiedPLWherein, thetapThe phase current reaches the rotor position angle corresponding to the current reference value for the first time; finally, through simulation and experiment, theta corresponding to optimal efficiency of the switched reluctance generator system in operation under different working conditions is obtainedPOptimizing the interval; while at the same time according to the parameter thetapDeriving a parameter thetaeCharacteristic value of
Figure FDA0003366262860000011
Wherein, thetaeFor reducing the follow current to the rotor position angle corresponding to zero, two PI closed loops are adopted, and the on-off angle are respectively adjusted to enable the parameter thetapAnd thetaeThe system is positioned near the characteristic value, so that the optimal power generation efficiency of the system is realized; according to the parameter thetapDeriving a parameter thetaeCharacteristic value of
Figure FDA0003366262860000012
The method comprises the following steps: the operation process of the switched reluctance generator system is divided into two stages, namely an excitation stage and a follow current stage, and corresponding flux linkage amplitude expressions are respectively as follows:
Figure FDA0003366262860000013
wherein (a) and (b) in (a) and (b) are united to obtain
Figure FDA0003366262860000014
Comprises the following steps:
Figure FDA0003366262860000015
in the medium-low speed chopping mode, the output voltage is in thetapFollowed by current chopping, will
Figure FDA0003366262860000016
The expression is rewritten as:
Figure FDA0003366262860000017
wherein
Figure FDA0003366262860000018
Is thetaeCharacteristic value ofmaxIs the amplitude of the flux linkage of the winding, thetaonTo the opening angle, thetapFor the first time the phase current reaches the rotor position angle, theta, corresponding to the current reference valueeFor rotor position angle, U, at which the follow current decreases to zerodcFor bus voltage, UDIs a freewheeling diode drop, iphIs phase current, RphBeing a phase winding, θbTo compensate for the angle.
2. The energy internet generator system efficiency optimization control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: adjusting the opening angle to make the parameter theta during the operation of the switched reluctance generator systempAt a value near the characteristic value, the off angle is adjusted to thetaeFollow feature value
Figure FDA0003366262860000019
And at the same time, adjusting the current reference value to make the generated power change following the change of the target power.
3. According to the rightThe method for optimizing and controlling the efficiency of the energy internet generator system according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the off angle is determined by three parts: a first part: characteristic value
Figure FDA00033662628600000110
And the actual thetaeThe difference value of (d) is passed through the output value of PI regulator; a second part: current reference value and ipThe difference value of (a) passes through the output value of the dead zone module; and a third part: compensating angle thetab(ii) a Wherein ipIs the rotor position angle thetapA corresponding phase current; the second part is arranged to avoid that the phase current cannot reach the current reference value due to a small conduction angle, so that the power closed loop fails; when the current can reach the current reference value when the turn-off angle is larger, the output value of the second part is zero, namely the second part does not play a role, and the turn-off angle is determined by the first part and the third part together; when the turn-off angle is smaller, the current cannot reach the current reference value, the output value of the second part is not zero, the second part plays a role, and the three parts jointly determine the turn-off angle.
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