CN109308260A - A kind of method and terminal of automatically generating unit test code - Google Patents
A kind of method and terminal of automatically generating unit test code Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the methods and terminal of a kind of automatically generating unit test code, the specified input and output of to-be-measured cell are directed to by receiving, the analysis input and output obtain all branches that may be present, the input and output of each branch are analyzed again, judge whether to need to drive piles, piling if necessary, based on all branches, generation unit tests code, automatically generating unit test code may be implemented, reduce cumbersome duplicate work, also can be used in the maintenance in later period, the time is saved, is improved work efficiency.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to software testing technology fields, a kind of method more particularly, to automatically generating unit test code and
Terminal.
Background technique
Unit testing is that developer writes a bit of code, for examine tested code a very little, it is very specific
Whether function is correct.Typically, a unit testing is for judging some specific function under some specified conditions or scene
Behavior.Unit testing is the function of code and robustness is most basic, most important means, is very heavy in entire soft project
The link wanted.
But r/w cell test is cumbersome and time-consuming, if there is the judgement sentence being made of 3 conditions in a method, that
To realize its complete branch's covering (so-called branch's covering, refer to that the code of unit testing will go around all branches),
Developer needs to write 23=8 test cases, the branch of one section of program is more, to realize that branch covers written test case
To be increased with exponential form, due to the overwhelming majority code be it is identical, only input parameter it is different, test case also will be
Similar, there is no technology contents, and the code of unit testing is not to be once and for all, with the change of software code
More, the code of unit testing will also update therewith, i.e., constantly to go to safeguard these unit testing codes, this will spend more
Time.
Other than time cost, unit testing also needs learning cost, and a tester writes to expertly grasp
The skill of unit testing code is the study for needing to carry out system.Tester specifies certain conditions, it is expected that some method or
Function obtains specific as a result, and a method or function are possible to other method letters under the collective effect of these conditions
Number has dependence, but system can only run that tested code block, other any methods when unit testing
Perhaps function is not carried out this tester is just needed to go to simulate the method or function that these are relied on, allow they
Still specified value can be returned in the case where not being performed, this behavior is referred to as piling (mock), energy in unit testing
It cannot drive piles, whether correct drive piles, determine the effect of unit testing.
To sum up, unit testing is very important, but under traditional unit testing frame, it is programmers again
Be reluctant to write, unit testing needs tester to learn third-party testing frame, write a large amount of duplicated code and constantly into
Row maintenance, it is also necessary to which tester grasps the technology of piling, time-consuming and laborious.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the present invention are: the method and terminal of a kind of automatically generating unit test code are provided,
It can be realized automatically generating unit test code, reduce cumbersome duplicate work, save the time, improve efficiency.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, a kind of technical solution that the present invention uses are as follows:
A kind of method of automatically generating unit test code, comprising steps of
S1, the specified input and output for being directed to to-be-measured cell are received；
Input and output described in S2, analysis obtain all branches that may be present；
S3, the input and output for analyzing each branch judge whether to need to drive piles, and drive piles if necessary；
S4, all branches are based on, generation unit tests code.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the another technical solution that the present invention uses are as follows:
A kind of terminal of automatically generating unit test code, including memory, processor and storage are on a memory and can
The computer program run on the processor, the processor perform the steps of when executing the computer program
S1, the specified input and output for being directed to to-be-measured cell are received；
Input and output described in S2, analysis obtain all branches that may be present；
S3, the input and output for analyzing each branch judge whether to need to drive piles, and drive piles if necessary；
S4, all branches are based on, generation unit tests code.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are: by receiving the input and output specified for to-be-measured cell, analyze described defeated
Enter output and obtain all branches that may be present, then analyze the input and output of each branch, judges whether to need to drive piles, if
It needs, drives piles, be based on all branches, generation unit tests code, and automatically generating unit test code may be implemented, and reduces numerous
Trivial duplicate work, also can be used in the maintenance in later period, saves the time, improves work efficiency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of flow chart of the method for automatically generating unit test code of inventive embodiments；
Fig. 2 is a kind of terminal structure schematic diagram of automatically generating unit test code of the embodiment of the present invention；
Label declaration:
1, the terminal of automatically generating unit test code；2, memory；3, processor.
Specific embodiment
To explain the technical content, the achieved purpose and the effect of the present invention in detail, below in conjunction with embodiment and cooperate attached
Figure is explained.
The most critical design of the present invention is: being analyzed to obtain after receiving the specified input and output for to-be-measured cell
All branches that may be present；The input and output for analyzing each branch judge whether to need to drive piles, and drive piles if necessary；
Based on all branches, generation unit tests code, realizes automatically generating for unit testing code.
Please refer to Fig. 1, a kind of method of automatically generating unit test code, comprising steps of
S1, the specified input and output for being directed to to-be-measured cell are received；
Input and output described in S2, analysis obtain all branches that may be present；
S3, the input and output for analyzing each branch judge whether to need to drive piles, and drive piles if necessary；
S4, all branches are based on, generation unit tests code.
As can be seen from the above description, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the specified input of to-be-measured cell is directed to by receiving
Output analyzes the input and output and obtains all branches that may be present, then analyzes the input and output of each branch, judges
Whether need to drive piles, drive piles if necessary, be based on all branches, generation unit tests code, may be implemented to automatically generate list
Member test code, reduces cumbersome duplicate work, also can be used in the maintenance in later period, save the time, improves work effect
Rate.
Further, judge whether that needing to drive piles includes: all output result character strings of traversal described in step S3, to institute
It states character string and successively carries out semantic analysis；Judge that the character string is the return value of a determining value or a method, if
It is that determining value does not need then to drive piles, if it is the return value of a method, then needs to drive piles.
Seen from the above description, it carries out semantic analysis to judge whether to need to drive piles automatically output result character string, subtracts
The light workload of related personnel, improves testing efficiency.
Further, it drives piles described in step S3 and includes:
S31, by way of succession, a subclass of class where obtaining being relied on method；
The method being relied on described in S32, rewriting makes the method that is relied on of one subclass return to designated value.
Seen from the above description, designated value is returned to by rewriteeing the method being relied in the subclass of succession automatically, mentioned
The high efficiency of piling, facilitates the further implementation of test.
Further, it is also wrapped before the subclass for obtaining class where being relied on method described later in the step S31
Include: whether the class where being relied on method described in judgement is the class or final method that can not be inherited the final rewritten,
If so, be relied on the bytecode of class where method described in modification, by it is described be relied on method where class become non-final
Class or method.
Seen from the above description, by judge automatically it is described be relied on method where class whether be one and can not be inherited
The class or final method of the final of rewriting is improved and is beaten if can be then revised as the class or method of non-final automatically
The efficiency of stake mitigates many cumbersome work for related personnel, has saved the time.
Further, the step S1 further include: judge whether to need to modify input, be directed to list to be measured if so, receiving
The specified modified input of member.
Seen from the above description, specified input need to be only modified when to-be-measured cell changes, does not need to rewrite for test
Code, so that it may all test case codes are regenerated, it is convenient and efficient, many cumbersome duplicate work of people are eliminated,
It improves work efficiency.
Referring to figure 2., a kind of terminal 1 of automatically generating unit test code, including memory 2, processor 3 and be stored in
On memory 2 and the computer program that can be run on the processor 3, when the processor 3 executes the computer program
It performs the steps of
S1, the specified input and output for being directed to to-be-measured cell are received；
Input and output described in S2, analysis obtain all branches that may be present；
S3, the input and output for analyzing each branch judge whether to need to drive piles, and drive piles if necessary；
S4, all branches are based on, generation unit tests code.
As can be seen from the above description, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: the specified input of to-be-measured cell is directed to by receiving
Output analyzes the input and output and obtains all branches that may be present, then analyzes the input and output of each branch, judges
Whether need to drive piles, drive piles if necessary, be based on all branches, generation unit tests code, may be implemented to automatically generate list
Member test code, reduces cumbersome duplicate work, saves the time, improve work efficiency.
Further, judge whether that needing to drive piles includes: all output result character strings of traversal described in step S3, to institute
It states character string and successively carries out semantic analysis；Judge that the character string is the return value of a determining value or a method, if
It is that determining value does not need then to drive piles, if it is the return value of a method, then needs to drive piles.
Seen from the above description, it carries out semantic analysis to judge whether to need to drive piles automatically output result character string, subtracts
The light workload of related personnel, improves testing efficiency.
Further, it drives piles described in step S3 and includes:
S31, by way of succession, a subclass of class where obtaining being relied on method；
The method being relied on described in S32, rewriting makes the method that is relied on of one subclass return to designated value.
Seen from the above description, designated value is returned to by rewriteeing the method being relied in the subclass of succession automatically, mentioned
The high efficiency of piling, facilitates the further implementation of test.
Further, it is also wrapped before the subclass for obtaining class where being relied on method described later in the step S31
Include: whether the class where being relied on method described in judgement is the class or final method that can not be inherited the final rewritten,
If so, be relied on the bytecode of class where method described in modification, by it is described be relied on method where class become non-final
Class or method.
Seen from the above description, by judge automatically it is described be relied on method where class whether be one and can not be inherited
The class or final method of the final of rewriting is improved and is beaten if can be then revised as the class or method of non-final automatically
The efficiency of stake mitigates many cumbersome work for related personnel, has saved the time.
Further, the step S1 further include: judge whether to need to modify input, be directed to list to be measured if so, receiving
The specified modified input of member.
Seen from the above description, specified input need to be only modified when to-be-measured cell changes, does not need to rewrite for test
Code, so that it may all test case codes are regenerated, it is convenient and efficient, many cumbersome duplicate work of people are eliminated,
It improves work efficiency.
Embodiment one
Please refer to Fig. 1, a kind of method of automatically generating unit test, comprising steps of
S1, the specified input and output for being directed to to-be-measured cell are received；
Wherein, the input refers to the condition of if sentence in code, and the output refers to when condition meets or not
It is when meeting for example to become four parameters by three parameters as a result, if the source code of the to-be-measured cell is changed, it is passing
Need to write 16 test cases again under system way, and the present invention only needs to modify the condition of input, can regenerate automatically
Test case；
Input and output described in S2, analysis obtain all branches that may be present；
S3, the input and output for analyzing each branch judge whether to need to drive piles, and drive piles if necessary；
Specifically, successively carrying out semantic analysis to the character string by traversing all output result character strings；Judgement should
Character string is the return value of a determining value or a method, does not need then to drive piles if it is determining value, if it is one
The return value of a method then needs to drive piles；
When piling, whether the class where being first relied on method described in judgement, which is one, to be inherited the final rewritten
Class or final method, if so, the bytecode for the class being relied on where method described in modification, is relied on described where method
Class become the class or method of non-final；
Then by way of succession, a subclass of class where being relied on method is obtained；The side being relied on described in rewriting
Method makes the method that is relied on of one subclass return to designated value；
S4, all branches are based on, generation unit tests code.
Specifically, being every by the test case that the designated value write-in for determining value or piling return is met to input condition
One branch generates test case code, to complete unit testing.
Embodiment two
Method described in embodiment one is applied to specific example, in the test of java:
Firstly, system provides following method for inputting parameter:
A) method of condition, (hereinafter referred to as if method) is arranged in, this method is used to receive the condition language of developer's offer
Sentence, it is assumed that have such a sentence: a > 0 return? 1:0, condition are exactly " a > 0 "；
B) method (hereinafter referred to as then method) of return value when condition meets is arranged in, this method is opened for receiving
In the if method that originator provides to condition obtain meeting when value, be exactly " 1 " for the above predicate sentence；
C) method (hereinafter referred to as else method) of return value when condition is unsatisfactory for is arranged in, this method is for receiving
In the if method that developer provides to condition it is unmet when value, be exactly " 0 " for the above predicate sentence；
D) method (hereinafter referred to as verify method) that some method under specified requirements is performed number, this side is arranged in
Method be used to receive in the if method of developer's offer to condition meet or when being unsatisfactory for, the number that some sentence executes, because
As soon as a method is possible to no return value, to need when then testing such method by confirming certain in java
Whether a method is executed to carry out, and the sentence of this method input, which is referred to as, confirms sentence；
E) exports use-case method, hereinafter referred to as build method, and developer can be obtained all tests by the method and be used
The code of example；
Then system realizes automatically generating for unit testing code by following steps:
S1, the specified input and output for being directed to to-be-measured cell are received, specifically:
(1) system receives developer and calls if method, the input condition of setting；
(2) developer calls then method, equally in the form of character string that method to be measured is signified in meeting step (1)
The result obtained under conditions of fixed is supplied to system；
(3) developer calls verify method (if the need arises), method to be measured equally in the form of character string
The method and number needed to be implemented under conditions of meeting specified in step 2 is supplied to system；
(4) developer calls else method (if necessary), method to be measured not equally in the form of character string
Meet step 2 it is inner it is specified under conditions of obtained result be supplied to system；
(5) developer calls verify method (if the need arises), method to be measured equally in the form of character string
The method and number needed to be implemented under conditions of being unsatisfactory for specified in step 2 is supplied to system；
(6) all inputs of developer will be all temporarily stored in memory；
(7) developer repeats (2)-(6) step, has all specified until all input and output that may be present of method to be measured
At；
Wherein, when unit input condition to be tested needs to change, then the specified modification for being directed to to-be-measured cell is received
The condition of if method is modified in input afterwards；
Input and output described in S2, analysis obtain all branches that may be present, specifically:
(1) instruction for the execution build method that developer sends is received；
(2) after the build that system receives developer's sending is instructed, all input condition character strings can be traversed, successively
Semantic analysis is carried out, judges that the input of this method there are several conditions, these conditions are combined in what manner, these
How many branch is determined the how many a test cases of generation, for example some condition is " a > 0&&b > 0 " by the combination of part, that
System by analysis, finds the compound condition that this condition is made of two conditions, will then generate 4 tests and use
Example；
S3, the input and output for analyzing each branch judge whether to need to drive piles, and drive piles if necessary:
Specifically, system traverses all output result character strings, semantic analysis is successively carried out, judges that the character string is one
The return value of determining value or a method, if it is determining value then can above-mentioned qualified test case this is written
Value, can then drive piles to this method if it is the return value of a method.I.e. before the operation of tested code, system can lead to
The mode for crossing the bytecode of modification class, the above-mentioned return value for being relied on method is modified, the return value for the method that is relied on
It is revised as a preassigned random value.In this way, this method being relied on will return when running test case
Good specified value, and the actual code logic for being relied on method will not be run, and ensure that the pure of tested method
Property；
S4, all branches being based on, generation unit tests code, specifically:
For each branch, corresponding test case code is generated, system exports the test case of above-mentioned all branches
Code to engineering catalogue under src/test/java/ be tested class same paths catalogue, all test case codes i.e. constitute
For the test of the unit；
Finally, developer enters the catalogue, running unit test case is the test realized to the unit.
By above step, as long as developer can be in the case where minute quantity inputs --- actually source code is carried out
Duplication is pasted, so that it may several complete test case codes of the full branch's covering of tested method is obtained, when saving a large amount of
Between.And developer hardly needs and learns new content: this programme only has a few method, with any one third party
Unit testing frame is compared, and can be ignored.In the maintenance in later period, the same available new test case of method
Which place code has need to modify, can equally save a large amount of time without taking a lot of trouble to search in original use-case.
Embodiment three
Method described in embodiment two is applied to specific example, in the test of java:
Assuming that developer will be to following this section of code r/w cell test case:
public class Foo{
public int getValue(int value1,int value2,int value3){
if(value1>0||value2>0||value3>0){
return MathTools.next(value1,value2,value3)；
}
return 0；
}
}
The core of this section of code only has three rows, as a result, returning when three parameters of input are all natural number
The return value (MathTools.next) of some method of another class, is otherwise returned to 0；To guarantee that full branch's covering will be write
8 test cases, in addition later maintenance needs take a significant amount of time, using the present invention program, process is as follows:
S1, the specified input and output for being directed to to-be-measured cell are received, specifically:
(1) firstly, developer calls if method, input condition " value1 > 0 | | value2 > 0 | | value3 > 0 ", i.e. source
Character string in code as if sentence condition；
(2) system receive input, by condition " value1 > 0 | | value2 > 0 | | value3 > 0 " deposit array；
(3) then developer calls then method, is arranged " MathTools.next (value1, value2, value3) ",
It is equally the character string in source code, and system receives output result when meeting above-mentioned condition；
(4) developer calls verify (" MathTools.next (value1, value2, value3) ", 1) method, if
Set condition " value1 > 0 | | value2 > 0 | | value3 > 0 " obtain satisfaction in the case where, " MathTools.next
This method of (value1, value2, value3) " has been performed once.
(5) developer calls else method, if reset, system receives output result when being unsatisfactory for above-mentioned condition；
(6) developer calls verify (" MathTools.next (value1, value2, value3) ", 0) method, if
Set condition " value1 > 0 | | value2 > 0 | | value3 > 0 " it is unmet in the case where, " MathTools.next
This method of (value1, value2, value3) " will not be performed；
Input and output described in S2, analysis obtain all branches that may be present, specifically:
(1) developer calls build method, notice construction test case code；
(2) system starts to analyze the data in memory, is conditional statement first, in this implementation after receiving build instruction
Only one conditional statement in example, i.e., " value1 > 0 | | value2 > 0 | | value3 > 0 ", this is a compound condition, it will quilt
Split into three conditions, be respectively: value1 > 0, value2 > 0, vlaue3 > 0, three conditions will have 8 kinds of combinations, therefore system
8 test cases will be generated；
(3) system continuation analysis condition sentence, judgement only value1≤0 and value2≤0 and value3≤0
In the case of, which is not being met, and other 7 kinds of combinations can meet this condition, then will be in 8 surveys of generation
In example on probation, enabling the return value for 7 use-cases for meeting condition is " MathTools.next (value1, value2, value3) ",
The return value for being unsatisfactory for the use-case of condition is 0；
S3, the input and output for analyzing each branch judge whether to need to drive piles, and drive piles if necessary, specifically:
(1) network analysis output statement, current method is there are two output, and one is " 0 ", the other is character string
" MathTools.next (value1, value2, value3) ", system judge that " 0 " is an integer value, directly give；But
MathTools.next (value1, value2, value3) is the return value of some method of another class, is beaten
Stake is rewritten in subclass in a manner of succession and is relied on method, provides a return value；
(2) network analysis confirms sentence, and discovery is in the case where condition meets, method " MathTools.next
(value1, value2, value3) " can be performed 1 time, otherwise executed 0 time, i.e., be not performed；
S4, all branches being based on, generation unit tests code, specifically:
(1) after all inputs, output statement analysis, system is assigned according to the input condition of each test case
Value provides the random value for meeting or being unsatisfactory for condition, generate assignment code；According to whether piling, is beaten
Stake；Generate the code for calling tested method；Generate the code of judgement output；Generate confirmation statement code；Finally by above-mentioned code
Merge, output is at a complete test case code to specified catalogue；
(2) above-mentioned tested method will eventually generate following 8 test cases, these use-cases are all that can directly run simultaneously
Testing result, code is as follows:
Test case one:
Test case two:
Test case three:
Test case four:
Test case five:
Test case six:
Test case seven:
Test case eight:
If the source code of above-mentioned tested method is changed, for example becomes four parameters by three parameters, then passing
Developer under system way needs to write 16 test cases again, and only needs to modify using the developer of this system
The parameter of if method is passed to new conditional statement, then executes build method, can regenerate test case；
@Prepare { MathTools.class }, MockUtils.mockStatic in above example code
(MathTools.class), MockUtils.when (...) .thenReturn (...), MockUtils.verify etc. be
It is the content of third square bearer, needs related personnel to learn when tradition implements test, and does not need to learn in the present invention
It practises and how to go to drive piles, in this embodiment it is not even necessary to know that cries piling, it is only necessary to tell what this system will do, other all things
It will all be completed by system, briefly, in the present embodiment, developer can complete tens rows up to a hundred only with 4 line codes
Unit testing code.
Example IV
A kind of terminal 1 of automatically generating unit test code, including memory 2, processor 3 and be stored on memory 2
And the computer program that can be run on the processor 3, the processor 3 realize embodiment when executing the computer program
Each step in one.
In conclusion the method and terminal of a kind of automatically generating unit test code provided by the invention, by receiving needle
Specified input and output to to-be-measured cell analyze the input and output and obtain all branches that may be present, then analyze every
The input and output of one branch judge whether to need to drive piles, and drive piles if necessary, are based on all branches, generation unit test
Automatically generating unit test code may be implemented in code, reduces cumbersome duplicate work, can also make in the maintenance in later period
With saving the time, improve work efficiency, correspond to automatic by semantic analysis to determine whether needing to drive piles and automatic
Piling, improves the efficiency of piling, further improves testing efficiency, only need to modify input i.e. when testing different to-be-measured cells
Unit testing code can be regenerated, it is simple and convenient, it is easily operated, it brings great convenience.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, all to utilize this hair
Equivalents made by bright specification and accompanying drawing content are applied directly or indirectly in relevant technical field, similarly include
In scope of patent protection of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of automatically generating unit test code, which is characterized in that comprising steps of
S1, the specified input and output for being directed to to-be-measured cell are received；
Input and output described in S2, analysis obtain all branches that may be present；
S3, the input and output for analyzing each branch judge whether to need to drive piles, and drive piles if necessary；
S4, all branches are based on, generation unit tests code.
2. the method for automatically generating unit test code according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute in the step S3
It states and judges whether that needs piling includes:
All output result character strings are traversed, semantic analysis is successively carried out to the character string；
Judge that the character string is the return value of a determining value or a method, does not need then to beat if it is determining value
Stake, if it is the return value of a method, then needs to drive piles.
3. the method for automatically generating unit test code according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described in the step S3
Piling includes:
S31, by way of succession, a subclass of class where obtaining being relied on method；
The method being relied on described in S32, rewriting makes the method that is relied on of one subclass return to designated value.
4. the method for automatically generating unit test code according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the step S31 it
Before further include:
Whether the class where being relied on method described in judgement is the class or final method that can not be inherited the final rewritten,
If so, be relied on the bytecode of class where method described in modification, by it is described be relied on method where class become non-final
Class or method.
5. the method for automatically generating unit test code according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step S1 is also wrapped
It includes:
Judge whether to need to modify input, if so, receiving the specified modified input for being directed to to-be-measured cell.
6. a kind of terminal of automatically generating unit test code, including memory, processor and storage are on a memory and can be
The computer program run on the processor, which is characterized in that the processor realized when executing the computer program with
Lower step:
S1, the specified input and output for being directed to to-be-measured cell are received；
Input and output described in S2, analysis obtain all branches that may be present；
S3, the input and output for analyzing each branch judge whether to need to drive piles, and drive piles if necessary；
S4, all branches are based on, generation unit tests code.
7. the terminal of automatically generating unit test code according to claim 6, which is characterized in that institute in the step S3
It states and judges whether that needs piling includes:
All output result character strings are traversed, semantic analysis is successively carried out to the character string；
Judge that the character string is the return value of a determining value or a method, does not need then to beat if it is determining value
Stake, if it is the return value of a method, then needs to drive piles.
8. the terminal of automatically generating unit test code according to claim 7, which is characterized in that described in the step S3
Piling includes:
S31, by way of succession, a subclass of class where obtaining being relied on method；
The method being relied on described in S32, rewriting makes the method that is relied on of one subclass return to designated value.
9. the terminal of automatically generating unit test code according to claim 8, which is characterized in that in the step S31
Before the subclass for obtaining class where being relied on method described later further include:
Whether the class where being relied on method described in judgement is the class or final method that can not be inherited the final rewritten,
If so, be relied on the bytecode of class where method described in modification, by it is described be relied on method where class become non-final
Class or method.
10. the method for automatically generating unit test code according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the step S1 is also
Include:
Judge whether to need to modify input, if so, receiving the specified modified input for being directed to to-be-measured cell.
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| CN201811004196.6A CN109308260B (en) | 2018-08-30 | 2018-08-30 | Method and terminal for automatically generating unit test code |
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