CN109306891A - Method for examining the signal of NOx sensor - Google Patents

Method for examining the signal of NOx sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN109306891A
CN109306891A CN201810846225.7A CN201810846225A CN109306891A CN 109306891 A CN109306891 A CN 109306891A CN 201810846225 A CN201810846225 A CN 201810846225A CN 109306891 A CN109306891 A CN 109306891A
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signal
nox sensor
scr
dynamic
derivative
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CN109306891B (en
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A.科伊佩尔
C.瓦尔茨
C.杭德罗斯
T.克雷斯
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N11/00—Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus, e.g. for catalytic activity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
    • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
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    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/008—Mounting or arrangement of exhaust sensors in or on exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
    • F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
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    • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
    • F01N2560/14—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics having more than one sensor of one kind
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    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
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    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/18—Ammonia
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    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
    • F01N2900/1616—NH3-slip from catalyst
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/16—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst
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    • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
    • F01N2900/18—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the system for adding a substance into the exhaust
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    • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F01N9/005—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus using models instead of sensors to determine operating characteristics of exhaust systems, e.g. calculating catalyst temperature instead of measuring it directly
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
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    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of for examining the signal (S of NOx sensorn) method, the NOx sensor is arranged in SCR catalyst downstream, wherein executes the signal (S of the NOx sensorn) dynamic and reference signal (Sv) dynamic between comparison.Finally, working as the signal (S of the NOx sensorn) dynamic and the reference signal (Sv) dynamic it is substantially consistent when, identify discharged nitrous oxides.On the contrary, working as the signal (S of the NOx sensorn) dynamic and the reference signal (Sv) dynamic deviate when, identify ammonia slide.

Description

Method for examining the signal of NOx sensor
Technical field
The method for the signal that the present invention relates to a kind of for examining NOx sensor, the NOx sensor cloth It sets in SCR catalyst downstream, discharged nitrous oxides can be differentiated by means of the NOx sensor and ammonia slides.In addition, The present invention relates to a kind of computer programs, and when the computer program is run on the computing device, which implements should Each step of method；And a kind of machine readable storage medium, the storage medium store the computer program.Finally, The present invention relates to a kind of control electronics, and setting is for implementing according to the method for the present invention.
Background technique
Nowadays, when post-processing engine exhaust gas, using SCR method (Selective Catalytic REduction choosing Selecting property catalysis reduction), to reduce the nitrogen oxides (NO in the exhaust gasX).103 46 220 A1 of DE describes substantially former Reason.Here, 32.5% aqueous solution of urea (HWL) (being commercially also referred to as AdBlue) is metered into the exhaust gas.It is typical Ground is provided with the metering system with metering module thus, so that the HWL is metered into waste gas stream in SCR catalyst upstream In.Ammonia is dissociateed from the HWL, then, ammonia chemical combination at the reaction surface of the SCR catalyst.There, the ammonia With the nitroxide compounds, water and nitrogen are thus generated.The HWL is by means of the conveyor module with delivery pump from reducing agent The metering module is transported to by pressure pipeline in tank.
Typically, required ammonia quality is sought by estimating.However, such estimation nature is limited to a large amount of possibility Error and deviation.The conversion ratio of these raw emissions (Rohemission) for example including the internal combustion engine, the SCR catalyst With the inaccuracy of the metering system.Therefore, measured HWL mass and/or the ammonia in the SCR catalyst are adjusted now Fill level.To such end it is known that different adaptation method and continuous adjusting method.
For example, 10 2,010 002 620 A1 of DE describes the adjusting by means of fitness factors to metered mass, the adaptation The factor provides the ratio between nominal gauge quality and actual metered quality.This fitness factors is directly changed the pre-control of reducing agent Quality processed and for will pass through the nitrous oxides concentration of the sensor measurement in SCR catalyst downstream adjust to modeling nitrogen oxygen Compound value.The adjusting, which adapts to corresponding system and the environment of last longer by means of I regulator, to be influenced, therefore, institute It states to adjust and can reduce the quantity that required adaptation is intervened when there is systematic error.In addition to this, the adjusting can also examine Consider especially big and burst variation, such as when having added the reducing agent of mistake.
In order to carry out suitable adjusting, accurately sought by means of the NOx sensor in SCR catalyst downstream Nitrous oxides concentration or nitrogen oxide mass stream are conclusive.Common NOx sensor shows the transverse direction for ammonia Susceptibility, that is to say, that its signal not only includes the nitrous oxides concentration/nitrogen oxide mass stream, it is also shown that from nitrogen Oxide and ammonia and signal.Therefore, it when being based only upon the NOx sensor and being adjusted, can not distinguish: described Whether metered mass selects too small, therefore nitrogen oxides is not converted；Or the metered mass whether select it is too much, therefore Free ammonia passes through the SCR catalyst, that is, ammonia sliding occurs.In both cases, it is surveyed by the NOx sensor Measure and signal is all higher than expected or desired nitrous oxides concentration/nitrogen oxide mass stream.
Method that is typically used as, sliding for the resolution nitrous oxides concentration in described and signal and ammonia is provided with, Minimize the metered mass in the determining time.If described and signal also reduces, it can be inferred that ammonia slides, because The metered mass of the reducing agent solution is directly coupled with the ammonia quality.On the contrary, this shows nitrogen if described and signal increases Emissions of oxides increases, because can restore less nitrogen oxides due to lacking ammonia.If the SCR catalyst is last " Empty ", that is to say, that ammonia is not present actually in the SCR catalyst, then measures previously given metered mass, in addition, The metered mass is lower than required metered mass.Therefore, the signal of the NOx sensor is only also shown in after SCR now Actual nitrous oxides concentration.By comparing actual nitrous oxides concentration and modeling nitrous oxides concentration, be inferred to be Overdose still measures deficiency.
Summary of the invention
A kind of method for proposing signal for examining NOx sensor, the NOx sensor are arranged in SCR catalyst downstream.The NOx sensor has the transverse sensitivity relative to ammonia, so that its signal comes from Nitrous oxides concentration and ammonia density and signal either from the nitrogen oxide mass stream and ammonia quality stream after SCR And signal.
In addition, being provided with reference signal, which represents nitrogen oxides raw emissions or the expection of the internal combustion engine Nitrous oxides concentration or expected nitrogen oxide mass stream.It can be inferred that actual nitrogen oxidation by the reference signal Object concentration or actual nitrogen oxide mass stream.According to one aspect, by means of the second nitrogen oxygen in the SCR catalyst upstream Compound sensor measures the reference signal.Here, the not only nitrous oxides concentration in the SCR catalyst upstream, Er Qie The nitrogen oxide mass stream of the SCR catalyst upstream can be used for reference signal.It, also can be by other than the signal of measurement Model seeks the reference signal.For example, modeling, the nitrous oxides concentration that is discharged by the internal combustion engine or modeling, The nitrogen oxide mass stream being discharged by the internal combustion engine can be used as reference signal.Alternatively, the SCR catalyst downstream, The nitrous oxides concentration of modeling or the SCR catalyst downstream, modeling nitrogen oxide mass stream after the SCR It can be used as reference signal.The measurement and the model also unilaterally or can be supplemented mutually, described to seek Reference signal, and/or reference signal can will be combined into particularly from not homologous multiple signals.
If being higher than expected or desired value in the signal of the NOx sensor in the SCR catalyst downstream, It means that there is no the best meterings of reducing agent solution in terms of pollutant emission.Value that is expected or expecting can It is related with the reference signal and/or can be sought by the reference signal.It is insufficient that metering occurs in this case, In, the relatively small measurement quality of the reducing agent solution is measured, so that the nitrogen oxides of reduction is very few, and is thus caused in institute The discharged nitrous oxides at SCR catalyst are stated to increase.Overdose has occurred in another case, wherein measure the reduction The higher metered mass of agent solution, so that the ammonia dissociateed is not completely stored in the SCR catalyst, therefore, the solution The ammonia separated out passes through this SCR catalyst and is not involved in the SCR, and leaves the SCR again as the sliding of so-called ammonia Catalyst converter.In order in optimal manner come implement the reducing agent solution metered mass adaptation, it is advantageous to institute can be distinguished The both of these case mentioned.
The dynamic of the signal of the NOx sensor is executed compared between the dynamic of the reference signal.Preferably, At least the comparison is carried out during the metered mass of adaptation reducing agent solution.Finally, working as the signal of the NOx sensor Dynamic and the reference signal dynamic it is substantially consistent when, identify discharged nitrous oxides.The catalyst converter is actually no longer With ammonia, so that direct come the variation of nitrogen oxides raw emissions indicate, the internal combustion engine by the reference signal Determine the variation in the discharged nitrous oxides in the SCR catalyst downstream.On the contrary, the dynamic of the signal when the NOx sensor When deviateing with the dynamic of the reference signal, identify that ammonia slides.Also it is enough to mend the reason is that the SCR catalyst stores Repay the internal combustion engine, changed nitrogen oxides raw emissions ammonia.The metered amount, and then the ammonia density with the nitrogen The dynamic that the dynamic of oxide raw emissions deviates strongly changes.
The dynamic of the signal is understood to the variation of amplitude (at any time).Especially, the dynamic can be calculated as phase The time-derivative for the signal answered.In this case, a variety of known methods are able to use.
In order to determine the dynamic consistency of two signals or the dynamic deviation of two signals, hereafter institute can be examined " similarity feature " stated.
According to first similarity feature, the time-derivative and the reference that can seek the signal of the NOx sensor are believed Number time-derivative between ratio.Finally, when this ratio, the ratio especially at least during the adaptation are less than first Threshold value or be equal to the first threshold when, can recognize that discharged nitrous oxides；When this ratio, especially at least described When ratio during adaptation is greater than the first threshold, it can recognize that ammonia slides.
According to second similarity feature, can seek between the signal of the NOx sensor and the reference signal Correlation.It also can be correlating between the derivative of the signal of the NOx sensor and the derivative of the reference signal. Optionally, before seeking described value and/or before calculating the correlation, it is necessary to meet determining condition.These conditions For example, only during the adaptation seek described value, meet determining operating parameter and/or calculate the correlation it The applied quantity of the preceding value for having sought record.Finally, working as the correlation, the phase especially at least during the adaptation When closing property is greater than second threshold or is equal to the second threshold, it can recognize that discharged nitrous oxides；When the correlation, especially When it is that correlation at least during the adaptation is less than the second threshold, it can recognize that ammonia slides.
When identifying discharged nitrous oxides, in other words, which means that the nitrogen oxygen not restored in the SCR catalyst What compound caused to be measured by the NOx sensor increases with signal relative to the reference signal.There are unreduced nitrogen The reason of oxide, is the SCR catalyst of " having emptied ", which is actually no longer stored with ammonia.Therefore, work as identification Out when discharged nitrous oxides, the SCR catalyst can be considered as " having emptied ".Optionally, when identifying the nitrogen oxides When discharge, therefore, when determining the SCR catalyst " having emptied ", can terminate to implement when carrying out the adaptation is emptied Stage.
The computer program is arranged for carrying out each step of this method, especially when the computer program is calculating When being executed in equipment or control equipment.The computer program, which is realized, executes this method in conditional electronic control equipment, without The change in structure must be carried out to it.For this purpose, the computer program is stored on the machine readable storage medium.
It is run in equipment by controlling the computer program in conditional electronic, obtains the control electronics, The signal for examining the NOx sensor is arranged in it.
Detailed description of the invention
The embodiment of the present invention is shown in the accompanying drawings and is explained in more detail in the following description.
Fig. 1 is the schematic illustration of internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine have exhaust pipe and the SCR catalyst being arranged therein with And the first NOx sensor for being arranged in SCR catalyst downstream and the second nitrogen oxidation for being arranged in the SCR catalyst upstream Object sensor examines the signal of first NOx sensor according to a kind of embodiment according to the method for the present invention.
Fig. 2 a shows according to first embodiment by first NOx sensor survey in time in the graph Amount and signal and by second NOx sensor measurement and signal, there is nitrogen oxidation in the first embodiment Object discharge.
Fig. 2 b shows the time-derivative of the signal in Fig. 2 a in time in the graph.
Fig. 3 a shows according to the second embodiment by first NOx sensor survey in time in the graph Amount and signal and by second NOx sensor measurement and signal, it is sliding to there is ammonia in the second embodiment It moves.
Fig. 3 b shows the time-derivative of the signal in Fig. 3 a in time in the graph.
Fig. 4 a shows according to the third embodiment by first NOx sensor survey in time in the graph The derivative of the derivative of the signal of amount and the signal by second NOx sensor measurement, is deposited in the 3rd embodiment In discharged nitrous oxides.
Fig. 4 b shows the ratio gone out by the derivative calculations in Fig. 4 a in time in the graph.
Fig. 5 a shows being surveyed by first NOx sensor according to fourth embodiment in time in the graph The derivative of the derivative of the signal of amount and the signal by second NOx sensor measurement, is deposited in the fourth embodiment It is slid in ammonia.
Fig. 5 b shows the ratio gone out by the derivative calculations in Fig. 5 a in time in the graph.
Fig. 6 a shows being surveyed by first NOx sensor according to the 5th embodiment in time in the graph The derivative of the signal of amount, by second NOx sensor measurement signal derivative and modeling after the SCR Signal, there are discharged nitrous oxides in the 5th embodiment.
Fig. 6 b shows curve graph, is depicted on the axis of the curve graph by first NOx sensor measurement The derivative of the derivative of signal and the signal measured by second NOx sensor is led according to the 5th embodiment by described Number calculates correlation.
Fig. 7 a shows being surveyed by first NOx sensor according to sixth embodiment in time in the graph The derivative of the signal of amount, by second NOx sensor measurement signal derivative and modeling after the SCR Signal, there are ammonia slidings in the sixth embodiment.
Fig. 7 b shows curve graph, is depicted on the axis of the curve graph by first NOx sensor measurement The derivative of the derivative of signal and the signal measured by second NOx sensor is led according to sixth embodiment by described Number calculates the correlation.
Specific embodiment
The internal combustion engine 1 with exhaust piping 2 is schematically shown in Fig. 1.SCR is disposed in the exhaust piping to urge Change device, the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of the exhaust gas is executed by means of the SCR catalyst.For this purpose, in 3 upstream of SCR catalyst Reducing agent solution (such as aqueous solution of urea) is metered by means of metering valve 4 and herein metering system not shown further In the exhaust piping 2.Ammonia is dissociated from the reducing agent solution, and is restored in the exhaust gas in the SCR catalyst 3 Nitrogen oxides.In addition, have the first NOx sensor 5 in 3 arranged downstream of SCR catalyst in the exhaust piping 2, There is the second NOx sensor 6 in 3 upstream arrangement of SCR catalyst.Two NOx sensors 5,6 are set with electronic control Standby 7 connection.
Usually the NOx sensor 5,6 used in such exhausted gas post-processing system has the cross relative to ammonia To susceptibility.Therefore, first NOx sensor 5 measures the combination being made of nitrous oxides concentration and ammonia density, or Person is according to the configuration of the sensor, in the group that the SCR catalyst measured downstream is made of nitrogen oxide mass stream and ammonia quality stream It closes, wherein accurately operation and the metering system of the composition depending on the SCR catalyst 3.Therefore, pass through first nitrogen Oxide sensor 5 seek after the SCR and signal SnIt is passed at the control electronics 7.By means of According to the method for the present invention, after the SCR and signal S can be distinguished nownPlace be there are discharged nitrous oxides or There are ammonia slidings.
Second NOx sensor 6 measures the nitrogen oxides raw emissions of the internal combustion engine 1.Due to the metering valve 4 are located at 6 downstream of the second NOx sensor, and therefore, this second NOx sensor only measures before the SCR Nitrous oxides concentration or nitrogen oxide mass stream.Second NOx sensor 6 is by the signal before the SCR SvIt is transmitted at the control electronics 7.Hereinafter, this measured by second NOx sensor, in institute State the signal S before SCRvAs reference signal.In other embodiment, the reference signal is sought by model.Here, building The nitrogen oxides raw emissions of mould can be used as reference signal, or modeling nitrous oxides concentration after the SCR or Person modeling the nitrogen oxide mass stream after the SCR can be used as reference signal, wherein herein the SCR it Preceding signal SvCan equally it be included.In order to reach optimal pollutant emission, the control electronics 7 pass through adaptation A adjusts the metered mass (explanation that see below and the attached drawing attached) of the reducing agent solution.When carrying out the adaptation, thus Consider the signal S after the SCRnWith the signal S before the SCRv(therefore being the reference signal).
In fig. 2 a, the signal S before the SCR is shown in common curve graphvWith after the SCR Signal Sn.Time t in seconds is depicted on the horizontal scale, and the signal is depicted with arbitrary unit on the vertical scale Signal strength or amplitude.According to the configuration of the sensor, when measuring nitrous oxides concentration, ppm can be designated as unit；When When measuring nitrogen oxide mass stream, Kg/s can be designated as unit.It should be noted that merely with same or similar method to convert State signal.Furthermore it is also recorded, which time t to execute the adaptation A of the metered mass at.In this embodiment, from 4300s The adaptation A is executed, this rising for passing through the great-jump-forward for the curve attached marks.Before executing the adaptation A, described two A signal is not only all consumingly mutually inclined in terms of its amplitude but also in terms of its dynamic (i.e. the variation of its amplitude (at any time)) From.Here, first NOx sensor 5 shows relatively slow (tr gere) characteristic.It is described after the adaptation A Two signals are mutually adapted.Although the signal S after the SCRnStill significantly lower than the signal S before the SCRv, this table Bright, at least part in the nitrogen oxides restores in the SCR catalyst.To described two signal SnAnd SvIt is dynamic The comparison of state is shown, these dynamics are substantially consistent.Therefore, a kind of embodiment according to the present invention, in this first implementation Discharged nitrous oxides are identified in example.This point is illustrated again with reference to Fig. 2 b.
The dynamic of the signal, i.e. the signal changes with time can be expressed as the time-derivative of the signal.In figure 2b Show the signal S after the SCRnTime-derivativenWith the signal S before the SCRvTime-derivativev。 The time t drawn on the horizontal scale corresponds to the time t shown in fig. 2 a.On the vertical scale, arbitrary unit is equally used.It is existing It is obviously being learnt by Fig. 2 b, if being compared to each other described two signal SnAnd SvTwo derivativesnWithvAlthough then they It is also significantly different before the adaptation A but substantially consistent after the adaptation A.Therefore, a kind of reality according to the present invention Mode is applied, identifies discharged nitrous oxides in this first embodiment.
Fig. 3 a and 3b show the second embodiment of the present invention.In addition to described two signal SnAnd SvCurve except, in Fig. 3 a Shown in curve graph correspond to Fig. 2 a in curve graph.In addition, two signal S before the adaptation AnAnd SvNot only exist It is in terms of its amplitude and all different in terms of its dynamic, and first NOx sensor 5 is further shown relatively slowly Characteristic.Signal S during executing the adaptation A, before the SCRvThe characteristic of great-jump-forward is shown.With in Fig. 2 a One embodiment is on the contrary, signal S after the SCRnAlso beyond the adaptation A continuous decline.But in other embodiments In, the signal S after the SCRnAlso can continuously rise or alternately raising and lowering.Letter after the SCR Number SnCurve by changed ammonia sliding caused by.It only just has been able to find out from Fig. 3 a by naked eyes, in the SCR Signal S laternDynamic and the signal S before the SCRvDynamic deviate strongly.Therefore, one kind according to the present invention Embodiment identifies that ammonia slides in this second embodiment.
Similarly, it is similar to Fig. 2 b, shown in fig. 3b described two signal SnAnd SvTwo derivativesnWithv。 Signal S during executing the adaptation A, after the SCRnDerivativenObviously with the signal S before the SCRv DerivativevDeviate.More precisely, the signal S after the SCRnDerivativenOnly incompletely follow in the SCR Signal S beforevDerivativev.Therefore, a kind of embodiment according to the present invention, identifies ammonia in this second embodiment Sliding.
In order to quantify described two signal SnAnd SvDynamic consistency or its deviation, according to the present invention " similarity feature " described below is examined in the other embodiments of method.
According to first similarity feature, the signal S after the SCR of first NOx sensor 5 is soughtn's DerivativenWith the signal S before the SCR of second NOx sensor 6vDerivativevBetween ratio σ.Thus Use following formula 1:
(formula 1).
When this ratio σ is less than first threshold G1Or it is equal to the first threshold G1When, identify discharged nitrous oxides. In contrast, when this ratio σ is greater than the first threshold G1When, identify that ammonia slides.In following examples, this One threshold value G1It is 0.5.
Fig. 4 a shows third embodiment of the method according to the invention.In fig.4, it is shown on time t in the graph Described two signal SnAnd SvDerivativenWithv, the curve graph is similar to the curve graph in Fig. 2 b or 2c.The curve Figure concentrates on emptying phase, implements the emptying phase when carrying out the adaptation A.In this case, the adaptation A is more It is secondary to change.At first sight, described two derivativesnWithvIt is substantially consistent.In order to be further analyzed, institute above is used Two derivatives state, in Fig. 4 anWithvRatio σ.The curve of this ratio σ is shown on time t in fig. 4b, described Time corresponds to the time t drawn in fig.4.Due to described two derivativesnWithvIt is substantially consistent, so the ratio σ Using the value for being similar to 0.It can be inferred that from Fig. 4 b, the ratio σ is used is less than described first at least during the adaptation A Threshold value G1Value.Therefore, discharged nitrous oxides are identified in this 3rd embodiment.If identifying discharged nitrous oxides, Then the SCR catalyst 3 is considered as " having emptied ", that is to say, that the SCR catalyst 3 is actually no longer stored with ammonia.So Afterwards, terminate the emptying phase accordingly.
Fig. 5 a and 5b show fourth embodiment according to the method for the present invention.Here, the curve graph in Fig. 5 a corresponds to figure Curve graph in 4a, and the curve graph concentrates on the emptying phase implemented when carrying out the adaptation A, wherein it is described suitable It also repeatedly changes herein with A.In addition, the curve graph that curve graph in Fig. 5 b corresponds in Fig. 4 b show it is described above , two derivatives in Fig. 5 anWithvRatio σ.In fig 5 a, the signal S after the SCRnDerivativenObviously With the signal S before the SCRvDerivativevDeviate.This is also reflected in figure 5b, and in figure 5b, the ratio σ is adopted With the value close to 1, therefore it is greater than the first threshold G at least during the adaptation A1.Therefore, in this fourth embodiment Identify that ammonia slides.
According to second similarity feature, the signal S after the SCR of first NOx sensor 5 is soughtnWith Signal S before the SCRvBetween correlation r.It, can not only be by such a case it is necessary to particularly point out again The signal S before the SCR is measured in second NOx sensor 6v, additionally it is possible to it is sought by model described Signal S before SCRv.Alternatively, the letter after the SCR measured by first NOx sensor 5 is sought Number SnWith the correlation r between the signal after the SCR of modeling.Optionally, using corresponding in the correlation r The derivative of signal.The correlation r is provided by following formula 2:
(formula 2).
In this case, x indicates the letter after the SCR measured by first NOx sensor 5 Number SnOr its derivative.According to embodiment, y or the signal S for indicating the measurement before the SCR measuredvOr table Show the signal or the expression letter after the SCR in signal or expression modeling before the SCR of modeling Number corresponding derivative.WithIndicate the average value of corresponding signal.In order to be analyzed, it is provided with toroidal memory, in institute State the value that storage in toroidal memory is used for x or y.The correlation is calculated according to the value of record, applied quantity r.Finally, identifying discharged nitrous oxides when the correlation r is greater than second threshold or is equal to the second threshold；When When the correlation is less than the second threshold, identify that ammonia slides.In following examples, the second threshold is 0.5.
Fig. 6 a and 6b show the fifth embodiment of the present invention.In Fig. 6 a, measurement is depicted on time t in the graph The signal S after the SCRnDerivativen, measurement the signal S before the SCRvDerivativevWith modeling The derivative of signal after the SCRnm., it can be seen that the signal S after the SCR of measurementnDerivativenExtremely --- do not have identical amplitude --- even if few according to shape and follows the signal S before the SCR of measurementvDerivative Ṡv.By the signal S of the measurementnDerivativenWith the derivative of the signal after the SCR of modelingnmCompared to when, the two It is substantially consistent.
Fig. 6 b shows curve graph, and the signal S after the SCR of measurement is depicted on the axis of the curve graphn's Time-derivativenWith the signal S before the SCR of measurementvTime-derivativev.According to formula 2, by the two derivatives ṠnWithvIt is 0.87 that the correlation r, which can be calculated,.If calculating the signal S after the SCR of measurementnDerivative ṠnWith the derivative of the signal after the SCR of modelingnmBetween correlation (not shown), then this correlation is even Obtain 0.92 value.Therefore, the correlation r is higher than the second threshold in both cases, and identifies nitrogen oxidation Object discharge.
Fig. 7 a and 7b show sixth embodiment according to the method for the present invention.Here, the curve graph in Fig. 7 a corresponds to figure Curve graph in 6a, the curve graph in Fig. 7 b correspond to the curve graph in Fig. 6 b.In figure 7 a, in the time range t shown, Signal S after the SCRnDerivativenIt can be considered to be constant.Therefore, the signal S after the SCRn's DerivativenObviously both with the signal S before the SCRvDerivativevDeviate, and the letter after the SCR with modeling Number derivativenmDeviate.If calculating the correlation r, as shown in Figure 7b, this correlation is -0.11.Therefore, described Correlation r is lower than the second threshold, and identifies that ammonia slides.
As already described, in the other embodiments for calculating correlation r, also it is able to use the signal Itself, rather than their derivative.

Claims (12)

1. for examining the signal (S of NOx sensor (5)n) method, the NOx sensor is arranged in SCR and urges Change device (3) downstream, wherein execute the signal (S of the NOx sensor (5)n) dynamic and reference signal (Sv) dynamic Between comparison, and work as the NOx sensor (5) signal (Sn) dynamic and the reference signal (Sv) dynamic When substantially consistent, discharged nitrous oxides are identified；And work as the signal (S of the NOx sensor (5)n) dynamic with Reference signal (the Sv) dynamic deviate when, identify ammonia slide.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein being at least adapted to (A) reduction for the SCR catalyst (3) The comparison is carried out during the metered mass of agent solution.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, when identifying the discharged nitrous oxides, terminate into The emptying phase implemented when the capable adaptation (A).
4. method according to any one of the preceding claims, which is characterized in that when identifying the discharged nitrous oxides When, the SCR catalyst (3) is considered as " having emptied ".
5. method according to any one of the preceding claims, which is characterized in that the dynamic is calculated as believing accordingly Number time-derivative (n、Ṡv).
6. according to the method described in claim 5, it is characterized in that, seeking the nitrogen oxides when carrying out described compare and passing Signal (the S of sensor (5)n) time-derivative (n) and the reference signal (Sv) time-derivative (v、Ṡnm) between ratio Example, and when this ratio is less than first threshold (G1) or equal to the first threshold (G1) when, identify that nitrogen oxides is arranged It puts；And when this ratio is greater than the first threshold (G1) when, identify that ammonia slides.
7. the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, which is characterized in that when carrying out described compare, seek described Signal (the S of NOx sensor (5)n、Ṡn) and the reference signal (Sv、Ṡv、Ṡnm) between correlation (r), and When the correlation (r) is greater than second threshold or is equal to the second threshold, discharged nitrous oxides are identified；And work as institute When stating correlation less than the second threshold, identify that ammonia slides.
8. method according to any one of claim 1 to 7, which is characterized in that by means of in the SCR catalyst (3) The second NOx sensor (6) of upstream measures the reference signal (Sv).
9. method according to any one of claim 1 to 7, which is characterized in that seek the reference signal by model (Sv、Snm).
10. computer program is arranged for carrying out each step of method according to any one of claim 1 to 9.
11. machine readable storage medium is stored thereon with computer program according to claim 10.
12. control electronics (7) are arranged for being examined by means of method according to any one of claim 1 to 9 Test the signal (S of the NOx sensor (5)n).
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