CN109302260B - Vehicle wireless communication anti-eavesdropping safety protection method based on multi-antenna technology - Google Patents
Vehicle wireless communication anti-eavesdropping safety protection method based on multi-antenna technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN109302260B CN109302260B CN201810939227.0A CN201810939227A CN109302260B CN 109302260 B CN109302260 B CN 109302260B CN 201810939227 A CN201810939227 A CN 201810939227A CN 109302260 B CN109302260 B CN 109302260B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
- H04K1/00—Secret communication
- H04K1/02—Secret communication by adding a second signal to make the desired signal unintelligible
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
- H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
- H04K3/40—Jamming having variable characteristics
Abstract
A vehicle wireless communication anti-eavesdropping safety protection method based on a multi-antenna technology comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: the signal transceiver firstly transmits a training sequence to the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver to carry out channel estimation; step two: a plurality of antennas are arranged in the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver to receive training sequence signals, and channel state information between the signal transceiver antenna and the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver antenna is estimated according to the training sequence; step three: the method considers the channel gain and continuously debugs the weighting proportion, so that the signals transmitted by each antenna of the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver are superposed in the positive direction to be strongest when reaching the signal transceiver, and the signals interfere with each other when reaching the eavesdropping device, so that the information received by the eavesdropping device is distorted, and the purpose of preventing eavesdropping is achieved. The invention can realize the protection of illegal eavesdropping when the vehicle normally runs and can solve the problem of vehicle communication safety in the intelligent development process of the vehicle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of vehicle-mounted wireless communication safety, is suitable for vehicles with a multi-antenna wireless communication system, and particularly relates to a method for preventing eavesdropping of a vehicle based on a physical layer algorithm of a multi-antenna transmission channel.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of automobile intelligentization and networking technologies, automobiles are no longer closed individuals. Due to the application of wireless communication interconnection technology, information interaction of Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V), Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I), and Vehicle-to-Cloud (V2C) is possible. But open communication networks also make intelligent networked automobiles face the possibility of network attacks. For example, vehicle information is maliciously intercepted and intercepted in the exchange process, so that the personal privacy of the owner is leaked, and further, the immeasurable effect is caused. The main objective of vehicle anti-eavesdropping research is to prevent an eavesdropper from monitoring, stealing and deciphering information in vehicle communication, and to initiate active attack on a vehicle by using the eavesdropped information. Therefore, it is an important ring to popularize the intelligent networked automobile to provide a method for preventing eavesdropping.
The multi-antenna technology has obvious advantages in the aspects of improving communication quality, fully utilizing space resources and the like. And the system channel capacity and the communication rate can be improved by times without increasing the spectrum resources and the antenna transmission power, so the method is regarded as the core technology of the next generation mobile communication. As an important part of mobile communication, the application of multi-antenna technology to vehicle wireless communication has become an inevitable new trend in vehicle development.
The existing anti-eavesdropping technology is mainly applied to military, the anti-eavesdropping research based on vehicles is relatively less, but along with the gradual improvement of the intelligent degree of the vehicles, the communication safety problem of the automobiles is increasingly serious. For example, when the communication information between vehicles is maliciously intercepted by a person, the personal information of the owner of the vehicle may be leaked, and an attacker utilizes the obtained information to engage in illegal fraud and other behaviors; an attacker can intercept and tamper part of the stolen information to interfere with normal running of the intelligent automobile.
In view of the above, it is desirable to provide a vehicle anti-eavesdropping method to ensure the security and integrity of the vehicle communication process.
Disclosure of Invention
The patent aims to provide a vehicle wireless communication anti-eavesdropping safety protection method based on a multi-antenna technology, which prevents an eavesdropper from monitoring, stealing and deciphering information in vehicle communication and attacks a vehicle by using the stolen information.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a vehicle wireless communication anti-eavesdropping method based on multi-antenna technology is characterized in that the method is a physical layer algorithm aiming at multi-antenna transmission channels, and the algorithm can interfere eavesdropping equipment or instruments so as to realize the anti-eavesdropping of the vehicle; furthermore, the multi-antenna technology can also adaptively select a transmission channel according to the characteristics of different channels, so that the signals transmitted by each antenna are superposed in the forward direction at a legal receiving end to achieve the strongest signal intensity, and the signals are mutually counteracted at other nodes, thereby reducing the bit error rate of the legal nodes, increasing the interception difficulty of the eavesdropping equipment on the messages and achieving the aim of preventing the eavesdropping of vehicles.
A vehicle wireless communication anti-eavesdropping method based on a multi-antenna technology comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: firstly, a signal transceiver firstly transmits a training sequence to a vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver to carry out channel estimation;
step two: a plurality of antennas are arranged in the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver to receive training sequence signals, and channel state information between the signal transceiver antenna and the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver antenna is estimated according to the training sequence;
step three: the method considers the channel gain and continuously debugs the weighting proportion, so that the signals transmitted by each antenna of the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver are superposed in the positive direction to be strongest when reaching the signal transceiver, and the signals interfere with each other when reaching the eavesdropping device, so that the information received by the eavesdropping device is distorted, and the purpose of preventing eavesdropping is achieved.
In the first step, in the communication process, the information transceiver sends the training sequence to the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver for the purpose of estimating the channel coefficient and the channel quality of the antenna of the signal transceiver reaching the receiving end.
In the second step, the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver compares the signal received by each antenna with the original signal, so as to estimate the channel coefficient and the channel quality of each antenna.
In the third step, the channel gain between the signal transceiver and the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver must be large enough to ensure that the message can be smoothly transmitted to the receiving end. Therefore, the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver presets a channel capacity threshold Q. And the vehicle adopts a multi-antenna mode to send messages during wireless communication.
With Shannon's theorem as theoretical basis, vehicle-mounted multi-antennaThe transceiver continuously debugs the signal weight of each transmitting antenna of the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver and adjusts the antenna direction according to the channel quality of each transmitting antenna source corresponding to the single antenna of the signal transceiver and the channel quality corresponding to the eavesdropping device, so that the channel capacity C of the signal transceiver is ensuredRGreater than or equal to a channel capacity threshold Q, and other eavesdropping device channel capacities CWLess than the channel capacity threshold Q. Because the channel capacity of the legal signal transceiver is greater than or equal to the channel capacity threshold Q, the signal is superposed in the forward direction to reach the strongest strength. And the channel capacity of the eavesdropping device at other node positions is smaller than the channel capacity threshold Q, so that signals can be mutually counteracted in different degrees, the interception difficulty of the eavesdropping device on the messages is increased, and the purpose of preventing the eavesdropping of the vehicle is achieved.
By the method, the vehicle wireless communication can be subjected to eavesdropping safety protection, an eavesdropper is prevented from monitoring, stealing and deciphering information in the vehicle communication, the stolen information is used for attacking the vehicle, and the safety problem of the vehicle wireless communication information in the vehicle intelligent development process can be solved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention provides a vehicle wireless communication anti-eavesdropping method based on a multi-antenna technology, which relates to a vehicle-mounted multi-antenna communication technology and a physical layer security algorithm, aims at monitoring and stealing information in vehicle communication by an illegal attacker, can obviously improve the communication efficiency of normal information, interfere the illegal eavesdropping equipment to acquire the information, ensure the privacy of vehicle communication, and provide necessary conditions for the popularization of intelligent vehicles and intelligent traffic.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the vehicular wireless communication anti-eavesdropping safety protection based on the multi-antenna technology
FIG. 2 is a flowchart of a vehicle wireless communication anti-eavesdropping security protection model based on a multi-antenna technology according to the present invention.
Description of numbering:
1. a vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver; 2. a signal transceiver; 3. the device is eavesdropped.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a model of a vehicle multi-antenna wireless communication anti-eavesdropping system. The system comprises a vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver 1: providing a multi-antenna transceiver for securely transmitting communication information to a destination node; 2, signal transceiver: limited by the complexity of the equipment, only a single antenna receiving and transmitting unit is equipped; 3 eavesdropping on the device.
The vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver adopts R antennas to be arranged in a line to transmit signals, and the distance between every two antennas is half of the wavelength of the transmitted signals, so that the signals transmitted by any two antennas are not interfered with each other. The conduction of each antenna is controlled by its conduction switch. The strength of the power of each antenna transmitting signal is controlled by the power divider.
In addition, the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver can estimate the distance between each antenna and the signal transceiver according to the received training signals, the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver enables the signals to be superposed in the forward direction right when reaching the vehicle-mounted signal transceiver by controlling the phase of the signals sent by each antenna, and the signal strength of the combined signal formed by the multiple antennas is strongest at the target receiving end. Signals sent by different antennas in other directions interfere with each other, and the signal quality is weaker than that of a legal receiving end, so that the purpose of eavesdropping prevention is achieved.
The specific process of the physical layer secure transmission anti-eavesdropping of the vehicle multi-antenna wireless communication system is shown in fig. 2, and the specific operation is as follows:
s202: the signal transceiver firstly transmits a training sequence to the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver;
s204: the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver estimates the channel gain of each antenna according to the received training sequence so as to carry out channel estimation, estimates the channel coefficient and the channel quality of the transmitting antenna reaching the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver end, and adjusts the transmitting power and the strength of the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver according to the estimated values,
the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver receives signals by adopting a plurality of pairs of antennas, compares the signals received by each antenna with original signals, and estimates channel state information between a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna of the signal transceiver of each vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver according to a training sequence;
s206: the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver estimates the channel gain of each antenna according to the received training sequence, considers the channel gain and continuously debugs the weighting proportion, so that the forward superposed signals reach the strongest when the signals transmitted by each antenna of the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver reach a legal signal transceiver, and the signals of each antenna received by eavesdropping equipment at other places interfere with each other, so that the eavesdropping information is distorted, and the purpose of eavesdropping prevention is achieved;
s208: the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver transmits information;
s210: and (4) safely transmitting the vehicle data.
The invention uses the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver, the communication information is sent by switching the mode of transmitting information according to the actual requirement through a plurality of antennas of the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver, a plurality of same omnidirectional radiation antenna array elements are arranged in the transmitting array of the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver, namely the transmitting source of the multi-antenna in the patent, and the antenna array elements are expressed as follows: 1,2,3,4 …, n; wherein, the channel quality corresponding to each transmitting antenna source and the single antenna of the signal transceiver is represented by a one-dimensional array as follows:
GTR＝[gT1,R,gT2,R,gT3,R,…,gTn,R]T
wherein, gTi,R-representing the channel gain of the ith transmit antenna of the n antennas with the single antenna of the signal transceiver:
t-represents a vehicle mounted multi-antenna transceiver (Transmitter);
r-represents a signal transceiver (Receiver);
suppose that the eavesdropping device uses s antennas to collect multiple on-board antennasThe information sent to a legal signal transceiver by the transmitter is intercepted, and the channel vector credit of the ith antenna of the intercepting equipment for receiving the jth antenna of the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver is gTi,WjTherefore, the channel quality between the in-vehicle multi-antenna transceiver and the eavesdropping device can be expressed as a matrix of m × s as follows:
in the formula, T-represents a vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver (Transmitter);
w-denotes a wiretap device (wiretap);
GTRand GTWAll obey a standard gaussian distribution S;
the information transmitted by each antenna channel is independent of each other, and all the transmitting array elements use high-speed radio frequency switches to control the transmitting signals. The vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver compares the signal received by each antenna with the original signal. And then estimating channel state information between each vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver transmitting antenna and each signal transceiver receiving antenna according to the training sequence. In order to make the forward superposition of signals transmitted by each antenna to reach the strongest signal of a legal signal transceiver, the weighting proportion of the signals needs to be continuously adjusted, wherein the weighting coefficient of the ith transmitting antenna signal of the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver is as follows:
in the formula (d)k-indicating that the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver and the signal transceiver agree in advance on a random spreading sequence intended to be employed;
gTi,R-a channel gain representing the transmission of the ith antenna of the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver to the signal transceiver;
although the multi-antenna technology has obvious advantages in improving communication quality and fully utilizing space resources, an insurmountable bottleneck exists in the channel capacity of the mimo system due to the antenna diversity technology, that is, the shannon capacity limit:
C＝Wlog2(1+ρ|Qi|2)
in the formula, C-represents the shannon capacity;
w represents the bandwidth;
Qi-weight coefficients representing the ith transmit antenna signal;
ρ -represents the signal-to-noise ratio of the receiving antenna;
a channel capacity threshold Q is preset by the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver. As known from shannon theory, if the shannon capacity C of an information source is greater than or equal to the channel capacity threshold Q, there is theoretically a way to enable the output of the information source to be transmitted over the channel with an arbitrarily small error probability. If, on the other hand, the shannon capacity C of the information source is smaller than the channel capacity threshold Q, there is no way to deliver such information, or to deliver such binary information, the error rate is 1/2.
Therefore, the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver is used for transmitting signals according to the channel quality G corresponding to each transmitting antenna source and the single antenna of the signal transceiverTRAnd channel quality G corresponding to the eavesdropping deviceTWConstantly updating the weight Q of each transmitting antenna signal of the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiveriAnd adjusting the antenna direction to provide a Shannon capacity C at the signal transceiverRGreater than or equal to the channel capacity threshold Q, and the shannon capacity C of eavesdropping equipment at other placesWLess than the channel capacity threshold Q. An in-vehicle multi-antenna transceiver using multiple antenna arrays combines the outputs of each antenna element according to weighting coefficients to form a particular antenna spatial pattern. The main beam direction of the antenna is aligned to the direction of the signal transceiver, and the side lobe or the zero point is aligned to the direction of other wiretapped signals, so that the wiretapped signals can be inhibited by using the signals of the signal transceiver. The signals of the legal signal transceiver are superposed in the forward direction to reach the strongest signal strength, and the signals at other node positions are mutually offset in different degrees, so that the interception difficulty of the interception equipment on the messages is increased, and the aim of preventing the vehicle from eavesdropping is fulfilled.
Claims (1)
1. A vehicle wireless communication anti-eavesdropping safety protection method based on a multi-antenna technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: the signal transceiver firstly transmits a training sequence to a vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver for channel estimation, wherein a plurality of same omnidirectional radiation antenna array elements are arranged in a transmitting array of the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver so as to have a multi-antenna mode;
step two: a plurality of antennas are arranged in the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver to receive training sequence signals, and then the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver estimates channel state information between the antennas of the signal transceiver and the antennas of the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver according to the training sequences;
step three: considering channel gain, continuously debugging the weighting proportion of the channel gain, enabling signals transmitted by each antenna of the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver to be superposed in the forward direction to be strongest when reaching the signal transceiver, and enabling the signals to interfere with each other when reaching eavesdropping equipment, so that information received by the eavesdropping equipment is distorted, and further achieving the purpose of preventing eavesdropping; in the first step, in the communication process, the signal transceiver sends a training sequence to the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver for the purpose of estimating the channel coefficient and the channel quality of the antenna of the signal transceiver reaching a receiving end;
in the second step, the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver compares the signal received by each antenna with the original signal, so as to estimate the channel coefficient and the channel quality of each antenna, and then estimates the channel state information between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna of the signal transceiver of each vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver according to the training sequence;
in the third step, a channel capacity threshold Q is preset by the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver, and a multi-antenna mode is adopted to send messages during vehicle wireless communication; the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver continuously updates the signal weight Qi of each transmitting antenna of the vehicle-mounted multi-antenna transceiver and adjusts the antenna direction according to the channel quality GTR of each transmitting antenna source corresponding to a single antenna of the signal transceiver and the channel quality GTw corresponding to the eavesdropping device, so that the Shannon capacity CR at the signal transceiver is larger than or equal to the channel capacity threshold Q, and the Shannon capacity CW of the eavesdropping device at other places is smaller than the channel capacity threshold Q.
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