CN109302228B - CubeSat satellite ground station facing QB50 project - Google Patents
CubeSat satellite ground station facing QB50 project Download PDFInfo
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- CN109302228B CN109302228B CN201811518302.2A CN201811518302A CN109302228B CN 109302228 B CN109302228 B CN 109302228B CN 201811518302 A CN201811518302 A CN 201811518302A CN 109302228 B CN109302228 B CN 109302228B
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Abstract
The invention provides a CubeSat satellite ground station facing to a QB50 project, which comprises a satellite antenna, an antenna controller, USRP software radio equipment and a main control computer. The satellite antenna receives downlink signals from the satellite and transmits uplink remote control signals to the satellite. And the USRP software radio equipment realizes the modulation and amplification of the uplink remote control signal and the demodulation of the downlink signal. The main control computer sends an antenna control instruction to the satellite antenna controller in real time through the serial port to realize the control of the satellite antenna direction; the main control computer can send the communication link parameters to the USRP software radio equipment through the universal network interface, and the USRP software radio equipment carries out corresponding processing on the uplink remote control signal and the downlink signal according to the link parameters so as to realize modulation and demodulation of the signals. The design scheme of the small satellite ground station facing the QB50 project is high in reliability and good in robustness.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ground measurement and control of a CubeSat satellite, in particular to a CubeSat satellite ground station facing to a QB50 project.
Background
With the development of aerospace technology, modern small satellites gradually exhibit the advantages of light weight, miniaturization, low cost, high functional density, high cost performance and the like, and become important components of space systems.
The CubeSat satellite is a low-cost nano satellite manufactured by adopting a special design standard. In 1999, the concept was proposed by the university of California State university and Stanford university, to help universities around the globe enter the field of space science and exploration. The standard appearance of the CubeSat satellite is a cube of 10cm multiplied by 10cm, which is called as 1 standard unit (1U), the mass is 1-2 kg, and the output power is equivalent to that of a common mobile phone. The cube satellite can be extended to a double unit (2U) or a triple unit (3U) according to the task requirement.
The cube sat satellite program has met with great success in the past few years with the rapid development of microelectromechanical systems. The CubeSat satellite has limited volume and power consumption and single function, but if a standard nano-satellite platform is developed, different payloads are loaded on the basis of the CubeSat satellite, and the requirements of different flight tasks can be met by using the launching characteristic of one-arrow multi-satellite. And because the CubeSat satellite can realize standardization, modularization fast, be convenient for developing characteristics such as international cooperation and the like and gain global attention, at present, at least 60 universities and research institutes in the world participate in the research of the CubeSat satellite technology, including Canada, Japan, Denmark, the Netherlands, the United kingdom, Switzerland, the United states and the like. Currently approximately 100 cubic nanosatellids are launched into orbit.
The uplink Frequency and the downlink Frequency of the CubeSat satellite ground station communication system generally adopt an extra-High Frequency/Ultra-High Frequency (VHF/UHF) amateur radio Frequency band, the uplink generally adopts a Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) modulation mode, and the downlink generally adopts a Phase Shift Keying (PSK) modulation mode. However, the measurement and control and communication of the satellite should be matched with the characteristics of the cube sat satellite, so the cube sat ground station is in various ways in the aspects of specific scheme design and implementation process.
The QB50 project is an international nanostar planning project proposed based on the background, initiated by multiple international famous research institutions and universities such as Von Karman institute, European space Bureau, Stanford university and the like, and adopts a mode of launching 50 CubeSat satellites by one arrow to launch 50 CubeSat satellites developed by different colleges and universities or organizations to an atmospheric low-heat layer with the height of 320 kilometers, so that multipoint on-orbit detection of low-layer atmosphere with the height of 90-320 kilometers and without human involvement at present is realized, and meanwhile, related research on a process of reentry into the atmosphere is carried out.
The QB50 project has a satellite life of only three months due to the large number of satellites. Therefore, the communication link between the ground station and the QB50 constellation is not only one of the important signs of success of satellite tasks, but also one of the most complex aspects of the QB50 project, so that it is necessary to provide a method for designing the cubebse ground station for the QB50 project, which has high reliability, good robustness and easy implementation.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a CubeSat satellite ground station facing to a QB50 project.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the CubeSat satellite ground station facing the QB50 project comprises a satellite antenna, an antenna controller, a communication channel and a main control computer.
The satellite antenna is responsible for receiving downlink signals from the satellite and sending uplink remote control signals to the satellite. The satellite antenna is connected with an antenna controller, and the antenna controller is used for controlling the direction of the antenna.
The communication channel comprises USRP software radio equipment which realizes the modulation and amplification of the uplink remote control signal and the demodulation of the downlink signal.
The main control computer sends an antenna control instruction to the antenna controller in real time through the serial port to realize the control of the satellite antenna direction; the main control computer can send the communication link parameters to the USRP software radio equipment through the universal network interface, and the USRP software radio equipment carries out corresponding processing on the uplink remote control signal and the downlink signal according to the link parameters so as to realize modulation and demodulation of the signals.
The satellite antenna is responsible for receiving downlink signals from the satellite and sending uplink remote control signals to the satellite. The satellite antenna is connected with an antenna controller, and the antenna controller is used for controlling the direction of the antenna. The antenna controller controls the antenna to rotate up and down and left and right to respectively adjust the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the antenna. The controller interface of the antenna controller is connected with the main control computer, receives the antenna control instruction sent from the main control computer, and returns the antenna state information to the main control computer. The preferred device model number for the antenna controller is G-5500 from Yaesu corporation; the preferred device models for the controller interface are: GS-232B of Yaesu.
The communication channel comprises a power amplifier and a low-noise amplifier besides the USRP software radio equipment, wherein the power amplifier is connected with the USRP software radio equipment and is used for amplifying the transmitting power of the uplink remote control signal generated by the modulation of the USRP software radio equipment; the low-noise amplifier is connected with the USRP software radio equipment and is used for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of downlink signals received by the satellite antenna. Furthermore, the low noise amplifier is connected with a 12V power supply and a blocking capacitor, and the 12V power supply and the blocking capacitor are used for controlling power supply and power off of the low noise amplifier.
The USRP software radio equipment comprises a GPS receiver and a GPS antenna, and the GPS receiver is used for timing the main control computer so as to keep the main control computer and the satellite time synchronous. The preferred equipment model of the USRP software radio equipment is as follows: ettus corporation's USRP N210.
The main control computer generates a corresponding antenna control instruction according to the orbit information of the satellite to be tracked, and the antenna controller adjusts the angle between the satellite antenna and the satellite after receiving the antenna control instruction, so that the sending of the uplink remote control signal and the receiving of the downlink signal both reach the optimal state. The main control computer generates an uplink remote control instruction according to the requirement, the USRP software radio equipment receives and modulates the uplink remote control instruction and then sends the uplink remote control instruction to the satellite through the satellite antenna, and the satellite can execute corresponding operation after receiving the instruction. In addition, the satellite antenna receives downlink signals from the satellite, the downlink signals after being demodulated by the radio equipment of the USRP software can be directly accessed to the main control computer through a network cable, and the main control computer processes the downlink signals.
The invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
the design scheme of the small satellite ground station facing the QB50 project is high in reliability and good in robustness.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a control schematic in one embodiment;
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention, and further detailed description will be given, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1, the CubeSat satellite ground station facing the QB50 project comprises a satellite antenna, a communication channel and a main control computer.
The satellite antenna is responsible for receiving downlink signals from the satellite and sending uplink remote control signals to the satellite. The antenna is connected with an antenna controller, and the antenna controller controls the antenna to rotate up and down and left and right to respectively adjust the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the antenna. The controller interface of the antenna controller is connected with the main control computer, receives the antenna control instruction sent from the main control computer, and returns the antenna state information to the main control computer. The preferred device model number for the antenna controller is G-5500 from Yaesu corporation; the preferred device models for the controller interface are: GS-232B of Yaesu.
The communication channel comprises a USRP software radio which implements modulation, amplification of the uplink remote control signals and demodulation of the downlink signals. The USRP software radio equipment comprises a GPS receiver and a GPS antenna, and the GPS receiver is used for timing the main control computer so as to keep the main control computer and the satellite time synchronous. The preferred equipment model of the USRP software radio equipment is as follows: ettus corporation's USRP N210.
Referring to fig. 1, the communication channel includes, in addition to the USRP software radio device, a power amplifier (VHF power amplifier in fig. 1), a low-noise amplifier, a 12V power supply, and a blocking capacitor, where the VHF power amplifier is used to amplify the transmission power of the uplink remote control signal generated by the USRP software radio device; the low-noise amplifier is AG35 and is used for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of downlink signals received by the satellite antenna; the 12V power supply and the blocking capacitor are used for controlling the AG35 to supply and cut off power.
The main control computer generates a corresponding antenna control instruction according to the state information of the satellite to be tracked, sends the antenna control instruction to the antenna controller in real time through the serial port, and after receiving the antenna control instruction, the antenna controller adjusts the angle between the satellite antenna and the satellite to realize the control of the satellite antenna, so that the sending of the uplink remote control signal and the receiving of the downlink signal both reach the optimal state. The main control computer sends the communication link parameters to the USRP software radio equipment through the universal network interface, and the USRP software radio equipment carries out corresponding processing on the uplink remote control signal and the downlink signal according to the link parameters so as to realize modulation and demodulation of the signals. The main control computer generates an uplink remote control instruction according to the requirement, the USRP software radio equipment receives and modulates the uplink remote control instruction and then sends the uplink remote control instruction to the satellite through the satellite antenna, and the satellite can execute corresponding operation after receiving the instruction. In addition, the satellite antenna receives downlink signals from the satellite, the downlink signals after being demodulated by the radio equipment of the USRP software can be directly accessed to the main control computer through a network cable, and the main control computer processes the downlink signals.
Referring to fig. 2, the master computer controls the satellite antenna. The invention realizes the communication between the main control computer and the satellite antenna by a serial port communication mode, and the serial port baud rate is default to 9600bps in 8N1 format.
The main control computer reads GPS time: and reading the time of the GPS receiver, and setting the time of the computer to keep the time of the main control computer consistent with the time on the satellite.
Reading a tle orbit parameter file by a main control computer: through a spacecraft information website (such as www.n2yo.com), the name of the satellite is searched to obtain the corresponding tle orbit parameters, and the tle orbit parameters are stored as a tle orbit parameter file, and the file is updated regularly.
The main control computer generates guide sequence data: and generating guide sequence data of the satellite corresponding to the tle orbit parameter file according to the tle orbit parameter file.
When the satellite is over the top, the main control computer can generate a corresponding antenna control instruction according to the guide sequence data and the GPS time, and sends the antenna control instruction to the controller interface through the serial port. The antenna servo mechanism can automatically adjust the angle of the antenna according to the antenna control instruction received in real time, so that the antenna points to the required pitch angle and azimuth angle, thereby achieving the required tracking precision and tracking speed and meeting the uplink and downlink communication requirements.
And after the measurement and control are finished, the master control computer sends an antenna containing instruction, and the antenna servo mechanism receives the instruction and then contains the satellite antenna to a protection position. The satellite antenna angle can be automatically adjusted, and also has a manual adjustment function (directly operated through an antenna controller panel). In addition, the controller interface can return the state information of the satellite antenna to the main control computer in real time, and the main control computer can display the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the antenna in real time according to the state information of the antenna.
Referring to fig. 2, the master computer controls the USRP software radio. The invention realizes the network communication between the main control computer and the USRP software radio equipment through the concentrator.
Setting parameters: and the communication link parameters related to the USRP software radio equipment are set through the main control computer, and the communication link parameters can be automatically sent to the USRP software radio equipment through the network port after the setting of the communication link parameters is finished. And the USRP software radio equipment automatically adjusts the communication link parameters of the radio equipment according to the received communication link parameters. The uplink and downlink modulation and demodulation modes, the frequency and the uplink transmission power in the communication link can be set in such a mode.
Modulation and demodulation: after the parameter setting of the USRP software radio equipment is finished, the antenna is accessed, the main control computer can generate a corresponding uplink remote control instruction according to a specific communication protocol and send the uplink remote control instruction to the USRP software radio equipment, the USRP software radio equipment modulates an uplink signal, and the modulated signal is sent to a satellite through the satellite antenna. In addition, the USRP software radio equipment demodulates the received downlink signal and sends the demodulated downlink signal to the main control computer, and the main control computer can further analyze the demodulated data according to a specific protocol.
Frequency compensation: when the relative speed of the ground station and the satellite changes greatly, the communication frequency between the ground station and the satellite has inevitable Doppler frequency shift. Therefore, when the satellite passes the top, the main control computer calculates the Doppler shift by using a Doppler shift algorithm according to the information such as the angle, the height, the uplink and downlink communication frequency and the like of the satellite, and transmits the frequency shift value to the USRP software radio equipment in real time, and the USRP software radio equipment automatically compensates the uplink and downlink communication frequency according to the received frequency shift value.
In order to match with the satellite equipment, the communication uplink adopts an Audio Frequency Shift Keying (AFSK) modulation mode, and the communication downlink adopts a Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) modulation mode. The specific parameters are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 communication Link parameters
| Serial number | Parameter name | Parameter(s) |
| 1 | Uplink communication frequency | 146MHz |
| 2 | Uplink signal modulation mode | AFSK |
| 3 | Uplink signal transmit power | 10dBm |
| 4 | Frequency of downlink communication | 436MHz |
| 5 | Downlink signal modulation mode | BPSK |
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A CubeSat satellite earth station oriented to the QB50 project, characterized in that: the system comprises a satellite antenna, an antenna controller, a communication channel and a main control computer;
the satellite antenna receives downlink signals from a satellite and sends uplink remote control signals to the satellite; the satellite antenna is connected with an antenna controller, and the antenna controller is used for controlling the direction of the antenna;
the communication channel comprises USRP software radio equipment which realizes the modulation and amplification of the uplink remote control signal and the demodulation of the downlink signal;
the main control computer sends an antenna control instruction to the antenna controller in real time through the serial port to realize the control of the satellite antenna direction, and the method comprises the following steps:
the main control computer reads GPS time: reading the time of the GPS receiver, and setting the time of a computer to keep the time of the main control computer consistent with the time on the satellite;
reading a tle orbit parameter file by a main control computer: searching satellite names through a spacecraft information website to obtain corresponding tle orbit parameters, storing the tle orbit parameters as a tle orbit parameter file, and updating the file periodically;
the main control computer generates guide sequence data: generating guide sequence data of a satellite corresponding to the tle orbit parameter file according to the tle orbit parameter file;
when the satellite is over the top, the main control computer generates a corresponding antenna control instruction according to the guide sequence data and the GPS time, and sends the antenna control instruction to a controller interface through a serial port; the antenna servo mechanism automatically adjusts the angle of the antenna according to the antenna control instruction received in real time, so that the antenna points to the required pitch angle and azimuth angle;
the main control computer and the USRP software radio equipment realize network communication through a concentrator, the main control computer sends communication link parameters to the USRP software radio equipment through a universal network interface, and the USRP software radio equipment carries out corresponding processing on uplink remote control signals and downlink signals according to the link parameters so as to realize modulation and demodulation of the signals; the method comprises the following steps:
setting communication link parameters: setting communication link parameters related to the USRP software radio equipment through a main control computer, and automatically sending the communication link parameters to the USRP software radio equipment through a network port after the communication link parameters are set; the USRP software radio equipment automatically adjusts the communication link parameters of the radio equipment according to the received communication link parameters;
modulation and demodulation of signals: after the parameter setting of the USRP software radio equipment is finished, the antenna is accessed, the main control computer generates a corresponding uplink remote control instruction according to a communication protocol and sends the uplink remote control instruction to the USRP software radio equipment, the USRP software radio equipment modulates an uplink signal, and the modulated signal is sent to a satellite through the satellite antenna; in addition, the USRP software radio equipment demodulates the received downlink signal and sends the demodulated downlink signal to the main control computer, and the main control computer further analyzes the demodulated data according to a communication protocol;
and the main control computer calculates Doppler frequency shift by using a Doppler frequency shift algorithm according to the angle, the height and the information of uplink and downlink communication frequencies of the satellite when the satellite passes the top, and transmits the frequency shift value to the USRP software radio equipment in real time, and the USRP software radio equipment automatically compensates the uplink and downlink communication frequencies according to the received frequency shift value.
2. CubeSat satellite ground station oriented to the QB50 project of claim 1, wherein: the antenna controller controls the antenna to rotate up and down and left and right to respectively adjust the pitch angle and the azimuth angle of the antenna; the controller interface of the antenna controller is connected with the main control computer, receives the antenna control instruction sent from the main control computer, and returns the antenna state information to the main control computer.
3. CubeSat satellite ground station oriented to the QB50 project of claim 2, wherein: the antenna controller is selected from G-5500 of Yaesu.
4. CubeSat satellite ground station oriented to the QB50 project of claim 2, wherein: the controller interface selects the following equipment models: GS-232B of Yaesu.
5. CubeSat satellite ground station oriented to the QB50 project of claim 1, wherein: the communication channel also comprises a power amplifier and a low-noise amplifier, wherein the power amplifier is connected with the USRP software radio equipment and is used for amplifying the transmitting power of the uplink remote control signal generated by the modulation of the USRP software radio equipment; the low-noise amplifier is connected with the USRP software radio equipment and is used for improving the signal-to-noise ratio of downlink signals received by the satellite antenna.
6. CubeSat satellite ground station oriented to the QB50 project according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the USRP software radio equipment comprises a GPS receiver and a GPS antenna, and the GPS receiver is used for timing the main control computer so as to keep the main control computer and the satellite time synchronous.
7. CubeSat satellite ground station oriented to the QB50 project of claim 6, wherein: the USRP software radio equipment selects the equipment models as follows: ettus corporation's USRP N210.
8. CubeSat satellite ground station oriented to the QB50 project of claim 6, wherein: the main control computer generates a corresponding antenna control instruction according to the orbit information of the satellite to be tracked, and the antenna controller adjusts the angle between the satellite antenna and the satellite after receiving the antenna control instruction, so that the sending of the uplink remote control signal and the receiving of the downlink signal both reach the optimal state; the main control computer generates an uplink remote control instruction according to the requirement, the USRP software radio equipment receives and modulates the uplink remote control instruction and then sends the uplink remote control instruction to the satellite through the satellite antenna, and the satellite executes corresponding operation after receiving the instruction; the satellite antenna receives downlink signals from a satellite, the downlink signals are demodulated by the radio equipment of the USRP software, and then the downlink signals can be directly accessed into the main control computer through a network cable, and the main control computer processes the downlink signals.
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